CN213363809U - Current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring rotating machinery - Google Patents
Current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring rotating machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN213363809U CN213363809U CN202022777683.5U CN202022777683U CN213363809U CN 213363809 U CN213363809 U CN 213363809U CN 202022777683 U CN202022777683 U CN 202022777683U CN 213363809 U CN213363809 U CN 213363809U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a current type many parameter sensor for rotating machinery monitoring comprises parts such as vibration sensitivity and detection circuitry subassembly, the sensitive subassembly of temperature, outer encapsulation assembly, signal connection subassembly, monitoring circuit. The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component forms a shielding layer, and the outer packaging assembly forms a shielding layer, so that the radiation electromagnetic interference under the operating condition of the rotary machine can be effectively inhibited; the sensitive element adopts an annular shearing piezoelectric ceramic crystal and is fixed by a heat shrinkage ring, so that the problems of temperature drift and working temperature limitation of the existing rotating machinery running state monitoring sensor are solved; the sensor can simultaneously extract three state parameters of vibration, impact and temperature of the monitored object, and the problem that the installation space of a key part of a rotary machine is limited is solved; the sensor detection circuit adopts a double-charge amplification and twisted pair current output mode, and effectively inhibits conducted interference and common mode interference on a signal wire in the signal transmission process.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a rotating machinery running state monitoring and failure diagnosis's special sensor especially relates to an electric current type many parameter sensor for monitoring of rotating machinery key part state.
Background
The monitoring of the running safety state of the rotary machine is an important component of a safety production guarantee information system, the running safety state of the rotary machine can be monitored in real time through a vehicle-mounted sensor, a monitoring device and the like, bad parts of the running state can be found in time, first-hand data information is provided for the maintenance of the rotary machine, and the monitoring system has important significance for guaranteeing the safety production and improving the maintenance level of the rotary machine. The sensor technology is one of three major foundations of information technology and is a high technology which is competitively developed in all developed countries at present. The sensor is similar to a sense organ which is necessary for human beings to obtain external information, is a detection device, can sense measured information, can convert the sensed information into an electric signal or other information in a required form according to a certain rule and output the electric signal or other information, meets the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, control and the like, and is the first link for realizing automatic detection and automatic control. Generally, one sensor can only measure one physical quantity, and in order to accurately and comprehensively recognize an object and an environment for further monitoring or control, a plurality of sensors are often required to measure a plurality of physical quantities simultaneously, so that the system structure is large and complex, and the reliability and stability of the system are reduced.
The key parts of the rotary machine are in a high-speed and heavy-load working state for a long time, and due to the long-term repeated action of the contact stress of the working surface, the faults of bearing fatigue, cracks, indentation and the like are easily caused, so that the bearing generates heat, the rotating shaft is broken, extra impact vibration is brought to the rotary machine, and then a 'hot shaft' or other faults are generated; for this reason, it is necessary to perform condition monitoring and fault diagnosis on key parts of the rotary machine. The rotating machinery is complex in operation condition, severe in working environment, various in interference factors and prone to external effects such as impact and friction, and the problem is difficult to solve in design and manufacturing of the rotating machinery state monitoring sensor. In the monitoring of the running state of the rotary machine, each key part of the rotary machine needs to be monitored, if the number of the sensors is too large, the monitoring system is complex in structure, information acquisition is dispersed, and the signal transmission process is easily interfered, so that certain difficulty is brought to the state monitoring and fault diagnosis of the key parts of the rotary machine.
The existing method for monitoring the state of key components of the rotary machine mainly comprises the following steps: the vibration impact monitoring in the monitoring system is mostly realized by a compression type piezoelectric acceleration sensor to pick up signals, the sensor adopts a structure that a piezoelectric element-mass block-spring system is arranged on a circular central support connected with a base, the structure has high resonance frequency, and when the base is connected with a monitoring object, if the base deforms, the output of a vibration pickup is directly influenced; in addition, the temperature change of the monitored object and the environment affects the piezoelectric element, and the pretightening force is changed, so that the temperature drift is easily caused, and the monitoring signal distortion is caused; however, such sensors are generally in a single-end signal output mode, and are difficult to meet the requirements of the operating conditions of the rotary machines, and misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis often occur due to complex electromagnetic interference, so that the monitoring devices or the sensors are damaged in severe cases. Since temperature rise is an appearance characteristic of some components after failure and before causing accidents, but not all failures necessarily cause temperature rise (such as gear failure and partial bearing working surface damage), a method of comprehensively monitoring temperature and vibration is generally adopted for key components of a rotating machine. Practice shows that the single axle temperature monitoring alarm is incomplete and incomplete, and although the monitoring effect is improved to some extent by a temperature and vibration comprehensive monitoring method, the method has some problems: the vibration impact monitoring sensor can cause misdiagnosis and misjudgment due to the influence of strong electromagnetic interference, and meanwhile, misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis caused by the failure of a sensitive element can not be avoided. Therefore, it is desirable to make several sensitive components together as much as possible, so that one multi-parameter sensor can measure several parameters simultaneously, has multiple functions, is convenient for installation and maintenance of the rotary machine state monitoring equipment, and improves the stability and reliability of the monitoring system.
On the basis of satisfying the function of monitoring each parameter, the multi-parameter sensor optimizes the structure of the monitoring system and improves the stability and reliability of the system; the installation cost, human resources and financial resources of the rotary machine monitoring system are reduced to a certain extent, a large amount of comprehensive monitoring data can be provided for the monitoring system, the fault diagnosis of key parts of the rotary machine is more accurate and reliable, and the rotary machine monitoring system has important significance for ensuring the operation safety of the rotary machine. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the condition of a rotating machine.
Disclosure of Invention
To the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, the utility model discloses an electric current type many parameter sensor for monitoring of rotating machinery key part state.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that: a current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring rotary machinery comprises a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an external packaging assembly, a signal connecting component and a monitoring circuit; wherein, the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a shielding body consisting of a shielding cylinder (2-1), a bottom cover (2-2) and a top cover (2-3), the shielding body is connected with GND, and the temperature sensitive component and the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component are integrated in an outer packaging assembly and are arranged in the outer packaging assemblyOn the object to be monitored; the sensor is powered by a constant current source, a multi-parameter signal picked up by a monitored object is transmitted to a monitoring circuit through a signal connecting assembly consisting of a connector JK1, a shielding twisted pair and a connector JK2, a shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair is only connected to the constant current source at the end of the monitoring circuit, and the monitoring circuit extracts a vibration signal V for state monitoring and fault diagnosis of a key part of the rotary machine from the picked-up signalout1Impact signal Vout2Temperature signal Vout3The three state parameters solve the problem that the installation space of key parts of the rotary machine is limited, effectively inhibit the complex electromagnetic interference under the operating condition of the rotary machine, and further optimize the structure of the monitoring system to improve the stability and reliability.
The utility model discloses in, the outer encapsulation assembly include sensor base (1-1), sensor mesochite (1-2), sensor epitheca (1-3), tail end thread protector (1-4), epoxy embedment I (1-5), outer insulating pad (1-6), sensor mounting screw thread (1-7), temperature sensitive subassembly include temperature sensitive component (1-10), the temperature sensitive component installation cavity (1-8) and the temperature signal line via hole I (1-11) of processing in sensor base (1-1), sensor bottom (1-9); the lower part of the tail end wire protector (1-4) is in a hexagonal shape and is connected with the external thread at the top of the sensor upper shell (1-3) through internal threads, the sensor upper shell (1-3) is connected with the sensor middle shell (1-2) through threads, the sensor middle shell (1-2) is connected to the sensor base (1-1) in a clamping mode, the sensor mounting threads (1-7) used for mounting the sensor to a monitoring position are processed at the periphery of the lower part of the sensor base (1-1), the outer hexagonal shape convenient for mounting and screwing is formed at the upper part of the sensor middle shell, and the outer insulating pad (1-6) made of machinable ceramics used for mounting a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly is pressed at the center position of the top, the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is fixed by the lower part of the temperature sensitive element mounting cavity (1-8), Leading out a temperature signal wire through hole I (1-11), fixing a sensor bottom cover (1-9) by spot welding, mounting the manufactured vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly on an outer insulating pad (1-6), leading the temperature signal wire into the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly through a temperature signal wire through hole II (2-9), mounting a sensor middle shell (1-2) and integrally curing the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly by adopting an epoxy potting I (1-5); the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is packaged in the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, the temperature signal of the monitored object is picked up through the temperature sensitive element (1-10), the vibration and impact signal of the monitored object is picked up by the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15), and the signal conditioned by the detection circuit board (2-15) is led out by the top cover wire through hole (2-17), the sensor upper shell (1-3) and the tail end wire protector (1-4) in a twisted pair current mode and is connected to the connector JK 1.
The utility model discloses in, vibration sensitive and detection circuit subassembly divide into cavity (2-6) and cavity (2-5) two parts down, including shielding cylinder (2-1), bottom (2-2), top cap (2-3), pyrocondensation pipe (2-4), cavity baffle (2-7), maintain and cross line hole (2-8), temperature signal cross line hole II (2-9), crystal supporting seat (2-10), piezoceramics crystal (2-11), quality piece (2-12), pyrocondensation ring (2-13), interior insulating pad (2-14), detection circuit board (2-15), circuit board set screw (2-16), top cap cross line hole (2-17), epoxy embedment II (2-18) for picking up measurand shaking, The piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) of an impact signal is an annular shear crystal, the periphery of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is annularly wrapped by a mass block (2-12), the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and the mass block (2-12) are fastened on the upper part of a crystal support seat (2-10) through a heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), the crystal support seat (2-10) is clamped on an inner insulating pad (2-14) made of 95% aluminum oxide and then clamped on a bottom cover (2-2), and after the shielding cylinder (2-1) and the bottom cover (2-2) are pressed, the crystal support seat (2-10) is integrally cured in the bottom space of a lower cavity (2-5) by adopting an epoxy potting II (2-18); the crystal supporting seat (2-10) is used as a negative pole of a vibration sensing signal, the positive pole of the vibration sensing signal is led out from the heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15) together with a temperature signal wire led in from the temperature signal wire passing hole II (2-9) after being maintained and passing through the wire hole (2-8), the detection circuit board (2-15) is fixed on a cavity partition plate (2-7) in the upper cavity (2-6) through a circuit board fixing screw (2-16), and the signal wire is led out from the top cover wire passing hole (2-17) and is connected to a JK 1; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is PZT-5 of lead zirconate titanate series, the mass block (2-12) is high-density tungsten alloy, the thermal shrinkage ring (2-13) is a low-temperature alloy ring which is made of tin, silver and copper fusible alloy and has the surface covered by the low-temperature alloy ring with the tension larger than 30Mpa, the crystal support seat (2-10), the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) are all processed by S316 stainless steel, the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) form a closed shielding body, and the shielding body is wrapped by a PE heat shrinkage pipe (2-4) for insulation to form a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly.
In the utility model, the detection circuit is composed of a dual operational amplifier IC1, resistors R1-R7 and capacitors C1-C6, the positive pole of a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier composed of an operational amplifier IC1B, a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 through a thermal shrinkage ring (2-13), the negative pole of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier composed of an operational amplifier IC1A, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2 through a crystal support seat (2-10), a resistor R6 connected to the output ends of the two charge amplifiers is a vibration impact sampling resistor, C5 and C24 are power supply decoupling capacitors, resistors R3, R4, R5 and capacitors C3 and C4 together provide signal DC reference voltage for the two charge amplifiers, so as to realize the differential charge amplification and current sampling of the output signal of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11), R53 = R2= R867 = R36867 = C3687458, when the charge variation quantity at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) caused by the vibration and impact variation of the monitored object is Q, the current I passing through the resistor R6d=2Q/(C × R6); the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is Pt100, is connected in series with a current limiting resistor R7 and then is connected between the power supply end of a constant current source and the ground GND of the sensor in parallel, and the quiescent current of the sensor circuit is IqThe current passing through the temperature-sensitive element (1-10) is ItThen the sensor operating current Iin=Iq+It+IdThe sensor adopts a two-wire twisted pair connection mode so as to effectively inhibit complex electromagnetic interference in the signal transmission process.
In the utility model, the water-saving device is provided with a water-saving valve,the monitoring circuit comprises a signal separation module consisting of a double operational amplifier IC2, resistors R8-R13 and capacitors C7-C9, a constant current source, low-pass filtering, envelope demodulation, full-wave rectification and a subtracter; the sensor is connected to a connector JK2 through a signal connecting component, and a constant current source provides a variable working current I to the sensor through a sampling resistor R8inThe voltage on the sampling resistor R8 changes with the temperature, vibration and impact of the object; the vibration and impact signals of the monitored object are continuous variables, are AC coupled to a buffer formed by an operational amplifier IC2B through a capacitor C7, and are subjected to low-pass filtering to extract a vibration signal Vout1Extracting an impact signal V after envelope demodulationout2Extracting a vibration impact signal direct-current component after full-wave rectification; the temperature signal of the monitored object is a process variable and is superimposed with a sensor circuit quiescent current IqThe direct-current component of the vibration impact signal is firstly in direct-current coupling to a static current removing circuit formed by an operational amplifier IC2A and resistors R9-R13, wherein the resistor R11= R12, the resistor R10= R13, and the size of the resistor R9 is according to the static current I of the sensor circuitqSelecting, subtracting the direct current component of the vibration impact signal by a subtracter to obtain a temperature signal Vout3(ii) a Since the sensor shell is directly and electrically connected with the monitored object through the sensor mounting threads (1-7), in order to avoid repeated grounding, the shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair of the signal connecting component is connected to the constant current source ground through the connector JK 2.
The utility model has the advantages that the current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the rotating machinery comprises a vibration sensitive and detecting circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an outer packaging assembly, a signal connecting component, a monitoring circuit and the like; the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a grounded closed shield, and the outer packaging assembly forms a shield electrically connected with the monitored object, so that the radiation electromagnetic interference under the operating condition of the rotary machine can be effectively inhibited; the sensitive element adopts an annular shearing piezoelectric ceramic crystal and is fixed by a heat shrinkage ring, so that the problems of temperature drift and working temperature limitation of the existing rotating machinery running state monitoring sensor are solved; the sensor can simultaneously extract three state parameters of vibration, impact and temperature of the monitored object, and the problem that the installation space of a key part of a rotary machine is limited is solved; the sensor detection circuit adopts a double-charge amplification and twisted pair current output mode, and effectively inhibits conducted interference and common mode interference on a signal wire in the signal transmission process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the temperature sensor comprises a sensor base 1-1, a sensor middle shell 1-2, a sensor upper shell 1-3, a tail end wire protector 1-4, an epoxy potting I1-5, an outer insulating pad 1-6, a sensor mounting thread 1-7, a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity 1-8, a sensor bottom cover 1-9, a temperature sensitive element 1-10 and a temperature signal wire through hole I1-11.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of vibration sensing and detection circuit assembly structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 2-1 parts of shielding cylinder, 2-2 parts of bottom cover, 2-3 parts of top cover, 2-4 parts of heat shrinkable tube, 2-5 parts of lower cavity, 2-6 parts of upper cavity, 2-7 parts of cavity partition board, 2-8 parts of maintenance and wire passing hole, 2-9 parts of temperature signal wire passing hole II, 2-10 parts of crystal support seat, 2-11 parts of piezoelectric ceramic crystal, 2-12 parts of mass block, 2-13 parts of heat shrinkable ring, 2-14 parts of inner insulating pad, 2-15 parts of detection circuit board, 2-16 parts of circuit board fixing screw, 2-17 parts of top cover wire passing hole and 2-18 parts of epoxy encapsulation II.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a plan view of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a view of the base threaded joint of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention; it is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the drawings, fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. In view of the problems in the prior art, the utility model discloses a current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of the key parts of the rotating machinery, which comprises a vibration sensitive and detecting circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an outer packaging assembly, a signal connecting component, a monitoring circuit and the like; the device comprises a temperature sensitive component, a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a ground potential and a ground potential, wherein the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a shielding body consisting of a shielding cylinder (2-1), a bottom cover (2-2) and a top cover (2-3), the shielding body is connected with GND, and the temperature sensitive component and the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component are integrated in an external packaging assembly and are arranged on a monitored object; the sensor is powered by a constant current source, a multi-parameter signal picked up by a monitored object is transmitted to a monitoring circuit through a signal connecting assembly consisting of a connector JK1, a shielding twisted pair and a connector JK2, a shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair is only connected to the constant current source at the end of the monitoring circuit, and the monitoring circuit extracts a vibration signal V for state monitoring and fault diagnosis of a key part of the rotary machine from the picked-up signalout1Impact signal Vout2Temperature signal Vout3The three state parameters solve the problem that the installation space of key parts of the rotary machine is limited, effectively inhibit the complex electromagnetic interference under the operating condition of the rotary machine, and further optimize the structure of the monitoring system to improve the stability and reliability. The utility model discloses two kinds of sensitive components and parts of piezoelectricity sensing element, temperature-sensitive device are equipped with to sensor inside, and wherein, piezoelectricity sensing device is used for picking up by produced vibration and the impact of monitoring object operation in-process, and temperature-sensitive device is used for monitoring by the temperature variation condition of monitoring object operation in-process. The vibration sensitive and detecting circuit component of the sensor is packaged in a grounded closed shield, and the outer packaging assembly forms a shield electrically connected with a monitored object, so that the radiation electromagnetic interference under the operating condition of the rotating machinery can be effectively inhibited; the sensitive element adopts annular shearing piezoelectric ceramic crystals andthe sensor is fixed by a heat-shrinkable ring, so that the problems of temperature drift and working temperature limitation of the existing rotating machinery operation state monitoring sensor are solved; the sensor can simultaneously extract three state parameters of vibration, impact and temperature of the monitored object, and the problem that the installation space of a key part of a rotary machine is limited is solved; the sensor detection circuit adopts a double-charge amplification and twisted pair current output mode, and effectively inhibits conducted interference and common mode interference on a signal wire in the signal transmission process.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention, in which 1-1 is a sensor base, 1-2 is a sensor middle shell, 1-3 is a sensor upper shell, 1-4 is a tail-end wire protector, 1-5 is an epoxy potting i, 1-6 is an external insulation pad, 1-7 is a sensor mounting thread, 1-8 is a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity, 1-9 is a sensor bottom cover, 1-10 is a temperature sensitive element, and 1-11 is a temperature signal line via hole i. The utility model discloses the outer encapsulation assembly of sensor includes sensor base (1-1), sensor mesochite (1-2), sensor epitheca (1-3), tail end thread protector (1-4), epoxy embedment I (1-5), external insulation pad (1-6), sensor mounting thread (1-7), and temperature sensitive subassembly includes temperature sensitive component (1-10), at the temperature sensitive component installation cavity (1-8) and the temperature signal line via hole I (1-11) of sensor base (1-1) internal processing, sensor bottom (1-9). Wherein, the lower part of the tail end wire protector (1-4) is in outer hexagon shape and is connected with the top external thread of the sensor upper shell (1-3) through internal thread, the sensor upper shell (1-3) is connected with the sensor middle shell (1-2) through thread, the sensor middle shell (1-2) is connected to the sensor base (1-1) in a clamping way, the lower periphery of the sensor base (1-1) is provided with sensor mounting thread (1-7) for mounting the sensor to a monitoring position, the upper part is in outer hexagon shape convenient for mounting and screwing, the top center is provided with an outer insulating pad (1-6) which is pressed and connected with a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly and is made of machinable ceramics, the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is fixed by the lower part of the temperature sensitive element mounting cavity (1-8), Leading out a temperature signal wire through hole I (1-11), fixing a sensor bottom cover (1-9) by spot welding, installing the manufactured vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly on an outer insulating pad (1-6), leading the temperature signal wire into the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly through a temperature signal wire through hole II (2-9), installing a sensor middle shell (1-2) and integrally curing the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly by adopting an epoxy encapsulation I (1-5). The annular shear type piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is packaged in the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature signal of a monitored object is picked up through the temperature sensitive element (1-10), the vibration and impact signal of the monitored object is picked up through the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15), and the signal conditioned by the detection circuit board (2-15) is led out from the top cover wire through hole (2-17), the sensor upper shell (1-3) and the tail end wire protector (1-4) in a twisted pair current mode and is connected to the JK 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the vibration sensing and detection circuit assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; in the figure, 2-1 is a shielding column body, 2-2 is a bottom cover, 2-3 is a top cover, 2-4 is a heat shrinkable tube, 2-5 is a lower cavity, 2-6 is an upper cavity, 2-7 is a cavity partition, 2-8 is a maintenance and wire passing hole, 2-9 is a temperature signal wire passing hole II, 2-10 is a crystal support seat, 2-11 is a piezoelectric ceramic crystal, 2-12 is a mass block, 2-13 is a heat shrinkable ring, 2-14 is an inner insulating pad, 2-15 is a detection circuit board, 2-16 is a circuit board fixing screw, 2-17 is a top cover wire passing hole, and 2-18 is an epoxy potting II. The utility model discloses the vibration sensitivity of sensor and detection circuitry subassembly divide into cavity (2-6) and cavity (2-5) two parts down, including shielding cylinder (2-1), bottom (2-2), top cap (2-3), pyrocondensation pipe (2-4), cavity baffle (2-7), maintain and cross line hole (2-8), temperature signal crosses line hole II (2-9), crystal supporting seat (2-10), piezoceramics crystal (2-11), quality piece (2-12), pyrocondensation ring (2-13), internal insulation pad (2-14), detection circuitry board (2-15), circuit board set screw (2-16), top cap cross line hole (2-17), epoxy embedment II (2-18) for picking up the vibration of measurand survey object, The piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) of an impact signal is an annular shear crystal, the periphery of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is annularly wrapped by a mass block (2-12), the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and the mass block (2-12) are fastened on the upper part of a crystal support seat (2-10) through a heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), the crystal support seat (2-10) is clamped on an inner insulating pad (2-14) made of 95% aluminum oxide and then clamped on a bottom cover (2-2), and after the shielding cylinder (2-1) and the bottom cover (2-2) are pressed, the crystal support seat (2-10) is integrally cured in the bottom space of a lower cavity (2-5) through an epoxy potting II (2-18). The crystal supporting seat (2-10) is used as a negative pole of a vibration sensing signal, the positive pole of the vibration sensing signal is led out from the heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15) together with a temperature signal wire led in from the temperature signal wire passing hole II (2-9) after being maintained and passing through the wire hole (2-8), the detection circuit board (2-15) is fixed on a cavity partition plate (2-7) in the upper cavity (2-6) through a circuit board fixing screw (2-16), and the signal wire is led out from the top cover wire passing hole (2-17) and is connected to a JK 1; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is PZT-5 of lead zirconate titanate series, the mass block (2-12) is high-density tungsten alloy, the thermal shrinkage ring (2-13) is a low-temperature alloy ring which is made of tin, silver and copper fusible alloy and has the surface covered by the low-temperature alloy ring with the tension larger than 30Mpa, the crystal support seat (2-10), the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) are all processed by S316 stainless steel, the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) form a closed shielding body, and the shielding body is wrapped by a PE heat shrinkage pipe (2-4) for insulation to form a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly. The piezoelectric sensitive element of the sensor is a shear type piezoelectric crystal, and through the close fit with the mass block, when the sensor vibrates, a shear force is formed, and the piezoelectric crystal converts the force into electric charge output; the working principle is to measure the vibration and impact of the monitored object by using the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric crystal piece. The piezoelectric crystal is made of an ionic crystal dielectric medium, and can generate a polarization phenomenon under the action of an electric field force and a mechanical force; namely: when a mechanical force is applied to the dielectrics in a certain direction to generate deformation, the internal positive and negative charge centers of the dielectrics are relatively transferred to generate electric polarization, so that bound charges with opposite signs appear on two opposite surfaces (polarization surfaces) of the dielectrics, and the electric displacement is in proportion to the tensor of the external stress; when the external force disappears, the uncharged state is restored; when the external force changes direction, the polarity of the charges changes accordingly. This phenomenon is called the positive piezoelectric effect, or simply the piezoelectric effect. The utility model discloses the vibration impact sensing device of sensor belongs to piezoelectric type acceleration sensor, adopts annular shearing structural style, and the shearing force on quality piece and the piezoelectric element also changes along with it when receiving the vibration, when the vibration frequency of being measured is far less than the natural frequency of sensor, then the change of power is directly proportional with the acceleration of being measured; the principle of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is that the charge output of a piezoelectric crystal is in direct proportion to the applied force, and the applied force is in direct proportion to the acceleration value under the condition of certain sensitive mass, namely under a certain condition, the charge quantity generated after the piezoelectric crystal is applied with force is in direct proportion to the sensed acceleration value. The utility model discloses the main technical indicator of sensor does: the maximum impact acceleration is 10000g, the maximum frequency response frequency is 16kHz, and the requirement of monitoring the state of the key part of the rotary machine is completely met.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The detection circuit of the sensor of the utility model comprises a double operational amplifier IC1, resistors R1-R7 and capacitors C1-C6, the positive pole of a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier consisting of an operational amplifier IC1B, a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 through a thermal shrinkage ring (2-13), the negative pole of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier consisting of an operational amplifier IC1A, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2 through a crystal support seat (2-10), a resistor R6 connected to the output ends of the two charge amplifiers is a vibration impact sampling resistor, C5 and C6 are power decoupling capacitors, the resistors R3, R4, R5 and the capacitors C3 and C4 together provide signal DC reference voltage for the two charge amplifiers, differential charge amplification and sampling current of output signals of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) are realized, R1= R2= R86 3= R = 36R, C1= C = 3687458, when the charge variation quantity at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) caused by the vibration and impact variation of the monitored object is Q, the current I passing through the resistor R6d=2Q/(C × R6); the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is Pt100, is connected in series with a current limiting resistor R7 and then is connected between the power supply end of a constant current source and the ground GND of the sensor in parallel, and the quiescent current of the sensor circuit is IqThe current passing through the temperature-sensitive element (1-10) is ItThen the sensor worksCurrent Iin=Iq+It+IdThe sensor adopts a two-wire twisted pair connection mode so as to effectively inhibit complex electromagnetic interference in the signal transmission process. The utility model discloses the temperature sensing device encapsulation of sensor is in the trompil of sensor base bottom, and the signal line is drawn forth by the side opening of shell bottom, and the temperature sensing device of sensor is Pt100 temperature sensor. The common Pt100 temperature sensing element comprises a ceramic element, a glass element and a mica element, which are respectively formed by winding a platinum wire on a ceramic skeleton, a glass skeleton and a mica skeleton and then processing the platinum wire by a complex process, wherein the resistance value of a conductor changes along with the temperature change, and the temperature of a measured object is calculated by measuring the resistance value, which is the working principle of the resistance temperature sensor. The Pt100 sensor measures temperature by using the characteristic that the resistance value of a platinum resistor changes along with the temperature change and presents a certain functional relation, and the temperature/resistance value corresponding relation is as follows:
(1) -RPt 100=100[1+ At + Bt2+ Ct (t-100) ] At 200 ℃ < t < 0 ℃;
(2) RPt100=100(1+ At + Bt2) when t is between 0 ℃ and 850 ℃;
wherein A =3.90802 × 10-3, B =5.80 × 10-7, and C =4.2735 × 10-12.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The monitoring circuit of the sensor comprises a signal separation module, a constant current source, low-pass filtering, envelope demodulation, full-wave rectification and a subtracter, wherein the signal separation module consists of a double operational amplifier IC2, resistors R8-R13 and capacitors C7-C9; the sensor is connected to a connector JK2 through a signal connecting component, and a constant current source provides a variable working current I to the sensor through a sampling resistor R8inThe voltage on the sampling resistor R8 changes with the temperature, vibration and impact of the object; the vibration and impact signals of the monitored object are continuous variables, are AC coupled to a buffer formed by an operational amplifier IC2B through a capacitor C7, and are subjected to low-pass filtering to extract a vibration signal Vout1Extracting an impact signal V after envelope demodulationout2Extracting a vibration impact signal direct-current component after full-wave rectification; the temperature signal of the monitored object is a process variable and is superposed with a static electricity of a sensor circuitStream IqThe direct-current component of the vibration impact signal is firstly in direct-current coupling to a static current removing circuit formed by an operational amplifier IC2A and resistors R9-R13, wherein the resistor R11= R12, the resistor R10= R13, and the size of the resistor R9 is according to the static current I of the sensor circuitqSelecting, subtracting the direct current component of the vibration impact signal by a subtracter to obtain a temperature signal Vout3(ii) a Since the sensor shell is directly and electrically connected with the monitored object through the sensor mounting threads (1-7), in order to avoid repeated grounding, the shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair of the signal connecting component is connected to the constant current source ground through the connector JK 2.
The utility model discloses in, IC1, IC2 are two fortune of low-power consumption low noise and put to two fortune, and optional model has: AD8657, LT6004, LTC2067, LT6023, OPA2333, LMP2232, TLV2369, and the like; capacitors C1, C2 and C3 forming the charge amplifier select COG capacitors with better high-frequency noise suppression performance; the sampling resistors R6 and R8 are precision resistors, and the rest resistors are metal film resistors with stable temperature characteristics.
Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the present invention, fig. 7 is a top view of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a base nipple view of the present invention. The installation connection of the sensor is a detachable bolt connection, the middle part of the base is a hexagonal nut, and the installation connection comprises a cap body and a rod body which is formed by extending downwards from the cap body, wherein the rod body comprises a sealing hole formed in the rod body and an external thread which is formed on the outer edge of the rod body and has the same rotating direction with the shell, and the diameter of the rod body is smaller than that of the cap body; in practical application, the rod body is embedded into a workpiece to be measured, and the bolt is in threaded connection with the workpiece, so that connection between the sensor and the workpiece to be measured can be enhanced, and looseness can be prevented. The utility model discloses the sensitive components and parts and the circuit of sensor are all installed in the airtight metal cavity that shell, base, mounting piece formed together, and working power supply and sensing signal all connect in the pin joint, can effectively restrain the forceful electric magnetic interference of rotating machinery state monitoring operating mode environment, make the rotating machinery running state monitoring result more accurate reliable.
To sum up, the current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the rotating machinery of the utility model consists of a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an external packaging assembly, a signal connection component, a monitoring circuit and the like; the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a grounded closed shield, and the outer packaging assembly forms a shield electrically connected with the monitored object, so that the radiation electromagnetic interference under the operating condition of the rotary machine can be effectively inhibited; the sensitive element adopts an annular shearing piezoelectric ceramic crystal and is fixed by a heat shrinkage ring, so that the problems of temperature drift and working temperature limitation of the existing rotating machinery running state monitoring sensor are solved; the sensor can simultaneously extract three state parameters of vibration, impact and temperature of the monitored object, and the problem that the installation space of a key part of a rotary machine is limited is solved; the sensor detection circuit adopts a double-charge amplification and twisted pair current output mode, and effectively inhibits conducted interference and common mode interference on a signal wire in the signal transmission process.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring rotary machinery comprises a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an external packaging assembly, a signal connecting component and a monitoring circuit; the method is characterized in that: the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a shielding body consisting of a shielding cylinder, a bottom cover and a top cover, the shielding body is connected with GND, and the temperature sensitive component and the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component are integrated in an external packaging assembly and are arranged on a monitored object; the sensor is powered by a constant current source, a multi-parameter signal picked up by a monitored object is transmitted to a monitoring circuit through a signal connecting assembly consisting of a connector JK1, a shielding twisted pair and a connector JK2, a shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair is only connected to the constant current source at the end of the monitoring circuit, and the monitoring circuit extracts a vibration signal V for state monitoring and fault diagnosis of a key part of the rotary machine from the picked-up signalout1Impact signal Vout2Temperature ofSignal Vout3The three state parameters solve the problem that the installation space of key parts of the rotary machine is limited, effectively inhibit the complex electromagnetic interference under the operating condition of the rotary machine, and further optimize the structure of the monitoring system to improve the stability and reliability.
2. An amperometric multiparameter sensor for rotary machine monitoring according to claim 1, wherein: the external packaging assembly comprises a sensor base, a sensor middle shell, a sensor upper shell, a tail-end wire protector, an epoxy potting I, an external insulating pad and a sensor mounting thread, wherein the temperature sensitive assembly comprises a temperature sensitive element, a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity, a temperature signal wire through hole I and a sensor bottom cover, wherein the temperature sensitive element mounting cavity and the temperature signal wire through hole I are processed in the sensor base; the lower part of the tail wire protector is in outer hexagonal shape and is connected with the external thread at the top of the upper sensor shell through internal threads, the upper sensor shell is connected with the middle sensor shell through threads, the middle sensor shell is connected to the base of the sensor in a clamping mode, the periphery of the lower part of the base of the sensor is processed with sensor mounting threads for mounting the sensor to a monitoring position, the upper part of the base of the sensor is in outer hexagonal shape for facilitating mounting and screwing, the center position of the top is pressed with an outer insulating pad made of machinable ceramics for mounting a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly, a temperature sensitive element is fixed by the lower part of a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity, a temperature signal wire is led out through a temperature signal wire through hole I and fixed with a sensor bottom cover by spot welding, the manufactured vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly is mounted on the outer insulating pad, and the temperature signal wire is led into the vibration sensitive and detection, then installing a sensor middle shell and integrally curing the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component by adopting an epoxy potting I; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is packaged in the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, the temperature signal of the monitored object is picked up by the temperature sensitive element, the vibration and impact signal of the monitored object is picked up by the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is electrically connected to the detection circuit board, and the signal conditioned by the detection circuit board is led out by the top cover wire passing hole, the sensor upper shell and the tail end wire protector in a twisted pair current mode and is connected to the connector JK 1.
3. An amperometric multiparameter sensor for rotary machine monitoring according to claim 1, wherein: the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity and comprises a shielding column body, a bottom cover, a top cover, a heat shrinkable tube, a cavity partition plate, a maintenance and wire passing hole, a temperature signal wire passing hole II, a crystal supporting seat, a piezoelectric ceramic crystal, a mass block, a heat shrinkable ring, an inner insulating pad, a detection circuit board, a circuit board fixing screw, a top cover wire passing hole and an epoxy encapsulation II, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal for picking up vibration and impact signals of a measured object is an annular shear crystal, the periphery of the annular shear crystal is annularly wrapped by a mass block, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal and the mass block are fastened on the upper part of the crystal support seat through a heat-shrinkable ring, the crystal support seat is clamped on an inner insulating pad made of 95% aluminum oxide and then is clamped on the bottom cover, and the crystal support seat is integrally cured in the bottom space of the lower cavity by adopting an epoxy potting II after the shielding cylinder is pressed on the bottom cover; the crystal supporting seat is used as a negative electrode of a vibration sensing signal, the positive electrode of the vibration sensing signal is led out from the heat-shrinkable ring, and is electrically connected to a detection circuit board together with a temperature signal wire led in from the temperature signal wire passing hole II after maintenance and wire passing holes, the detection circuit board is fixed on a cavity partition plate in the upper cavity by a circuit board fixing screw, and the signal wire is led out from a top cover wire passing hole and is connected to a connector JK 1; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is PZT-5 of lead zirconate titanate series, the mass block is high-density tungsten alloy, the heat-shrinkable ring is a low-temperature alloy ring which is made of tin, silver and copper fusible alloy and has the surface covered by a tension larger than 30Mpa, the crystal support seat, the shielding cylinder, the bottom cover and the top cover are all processed by S316 stainless steel, the shielding cylinder, the bottom cover and the top cover form a closed shielding body, and the shielding body is externally wrapped by a PE heat-shrinkable tube for insulation to form a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component.
4. An amperometric multiparameter sensor for rotary machine monitoring according to claim 1, wherein: the detection circuit consists of a double operational amplifier IC1, resistors R1-R7 and capacitors C1-C6, wherein the anode of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is connected with an operational amplifier IC1B,A charge amplifier composed of a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1, the cathode of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is connected to the charge amplifier composed of an operational amplifier IC1A, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2 through a crystal support seat, the resistor R6 connected to the output ends of the two charge amplifiers is a vibration impact sampling resistor, the resistors C5 and C6 are power supply decoupling capacitors, the resistors R3, R4 and R5, together with the capacitors C3 and C4, provide signal DC reference voltage for the two charge amplifiers, differential charge amplification and current sampling are realized for the output signal of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal, R1= R2= R3= R, C1= C2= C3= C, the charge variation quantity at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal caused by vibration and impact variation of a monitored object is Q, and the current I passing through the resistor R6 is obtainedd=2Q/(C × R6); the temperature sensitive element is Pt100, is connected in series with a current limiting resistor R7 and then is connected between the power supply end of a constant current source and the ground GND of the sensor in parallel, and the quiescent current of the sensor circuit is IqThe current passing through the temperature sensitive element is ItThen the sensor operating current Iin=Iq+It+IdThe sensor adopts a two-wire twisted pair connection mode so as to effectively inhibit complex electromagnetic interference in the signal transmission process.
5. An amperometric multiparameter sensor for rotary machine monitoring according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring circuit comprises a signal separation module consisting of a double operational amplifier IC2, resistors R8-R13 and capacitors C7-C9, a constant current source, low-pass filtering, envelope demodulation, full-wave rectification and a subtracter; the sensor is connected to a connector JK2 through a signal connecting component, and a constant current source provides a variable working current I to the sensor through a sampling resistor R8inThe voltage on the sampling resistor R8 changes with the temperature, vibration and impact of the object; the vibration and impact signals of the monitored object are continuous variables, are AC coupled to a buffer formed by an operational amplifier IC2B through a capacitor C7, and are subjected to low-pass filtering to extract a vibration signal Vout1Extracting an impact signal V after envelope demodulationout2Extracting a vibration impact signal direct-current component after full-wave rectification; the temperature signal of the monitored object is a process variable and is superimposed with a sensor circuit quiescent current IqA direct current component of the vibration impact signal,firstly, the direct current is coupled to a static current removing circuit consisting of an operational amplifier IC2A and resistors R9-R13, wherein the resistor R11= R12, the resistor R10= R13, and the size of the resistor R9 is according to the static current I of the sensor circuitqSelecting, subtracting the direct current component of the vibration impact signal by a subtracter to obtain a temperature signal Vout3(ii) a Since the sensor shell is directly and electrically connected with the monitored object through the sensor mounting thread, in order to avoid repeated grounding, the shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair of the signal connecting assembly is connected to the constant current source ground through the connector JK 2.
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