CN213126575U - Cathode head, mould for manufacturing cathode head and plasma generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a plasma generator field provides a negative pole head, preparation negative pole head's mould and plasma generator. The cathode head comprises a material rod and a hollow shell, wherein the material rod penetrates through the end of the shell, a heat dissipation part is arranged on the periphery of the part, located inside the shell, of the material rod, and a gap is formed between the heat dissipation part and the shell. The die comprises a die main body, a first pressure head and a second pressure head, wherein the first pressure head comprises a pressure head base and a male die, a first cavity is formed in the end part of the male die, and a second cavity is formed between the male die and the inner wall of the second pressure head and the inner wall of the through hole. The plasma generator comprises the cathode head. The clearance is formed between the inner wall of this disclosed radiating part and casing, and then increases the area of contact of cooling water and radiating part, increases the radiating effect of material stick, and then prolongs the life of negative pole to through mould direct forming play casing and radiating part, need not to carry out secondary operation to the radiating part, increase the convenience of processing.

Description

Cathode head, mould for manufacturing cathode head and plasma generator

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of plasma generators, and particularly to a cathode head, a mold for manufacturing the cathode head, and a plasma generator.

Background

The plasma generator is also called a plasma torch and is widely applied to the fields of plasma cutting, plasma welding, hazardous waste treatment, ignition of thermal power plants and the like.

The cathode of the plasma generator is positioned in the discharging center and is influenced by ion bombardment, thermal radiation and joule heat generated by discharging current, so that the cathode is worse than the environment of other parts in the using process. Therefore, the lifetime of the plasma generator generally depends on the lifetime of the cathode, and how to cool the cathode is one of the important means for prolonging the lifetime of the cathode.

In a traditional cathode plasma generator, a water cooling part is usually adopted to cool a cathode head, but the contact area between the cathode head and cooling water is small, so that the cooling effect of the cathode head is poor. And influenced by the size of the cathode head, the formed cathode head is difficult to be machined secondarily, so that the cathode head is difficult to meet the requirement of further optimization of the structure and further improves the cooling capacity of the cathode head.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the above technical problems or to at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a cathode head, a mold for manufacturing the cathode head, and a plasma generator.

The utility model provides a cathode head includes material rod and hollow casing, and the tip of casing is worn to locate by the material rod, and the first end of material rod is in the inside of casing, and the periphery that the material rod is in the inside part of casing is equipped with the heat dissipation portion, forms the clearance between the periphery of heat dissipation portion and the inner wall of casing.

Optionally, the heat sink portion has a constant or decreasing cross-sectional area in a direction towards the first end of the material rod.

Optionally, the heat dissipation part is hemispherical, circular truncated cone or cylindrical.

Alternatively, the inner wall of the housing may increase in diameter in a direction away from the rod of material.

The die for manufacturing the cathode head comprises a die main body, a first pressure head and a second pressure head, wherein a through hole is formed in the middle of the die main body, the first pressure head and the second pressure head are both arranged in the through hole, the first pressure head comprises a pressure head base and a male die, and the male die is arranged close to the second pressure head;

the end part of the convex die is provided with a first cavity matched with the shape of the heat dissipation part of the cathode head;

and a second cavity matched with the shape of the shell of the cathode head is formed between the male die and the second pressure head and between the male die and the inner wall of the through hole.

Optionally, the side wall of the mold body is provided with a mounting hole for inserting a thermocouple.

Optionally, a demolding layer is arranged on the inner wall of the through hole.

Optionally, the outer shell is arranged on the periphery of the die main body, and the buffer layer is arranged between the die main body and the outer shell.

Optionally, an opening is formed in one end of the shell, one end, close to the first pressure head, of the die main body is inserted into the shell through the opening, an avoiding hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the through hole, of the bottom plate of the shell, and the diameter of the avoiding hole is larger than or equal to that of the through hole.

The plasma generator provided by the present disclosure includes the above-described cathode head.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:

the clearance is formed between the inner wall of this disclosed radiating part and casing, and then increases the area of contact of cooling water and radiating part, increases the radiating effect of material stick, and then prolongs the life of negative pole to through mould direct forming play casing and radiating part, need not to carry out secondary operation to the radiating part, increase the convenience of processing.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present disclosure, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cathode head with a hemispherical heat dissipation portion according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode head with a circular truncated cone-shaped heat dissipation portion according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cathode head with a cylindrical heat sink portion according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a mold for making a cathode head according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a mold body according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing according to the embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a housing according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first ram according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

10, a cathode head; 20. a rod of material; 30. a housing; 31. a surrounding wall; 32. an end plate; 40. a heat dissipating section; 50. a gap; 60. a mold body; 61. a through hole; 62. mounting holes; 63. A release layer; 64. an annular groove; 70. a first ram; 71. a second cavity; 72. a ram base; 73. a male die; 74. a limiting hole; 75. a first cavity; 80. a second ram; 90. a housing; 91. a buffer layer; 92. avoiding holes; 93. a base plate; 94. an annular plate; 95. and (4) inserting the jack.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure may be more clearly understood, aspects of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may be practiced in other ways than those described herein; it is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the specification are only a few embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the cathode head provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a material rod 20 and a hollow casing 30, wherein the material rod 20 is inserted into an end of the casing 30, and a first end of the material rod 20 is located inside the casing 30. The second end is flush with the end of the housing 30 and the second end of the rod of material 20 is of planar configuration so that the discharge takes place in the centre of the rod of material 20, while the rod of material 20 is preferably a hafnium rod. The periphery of the part of the material rod 20 in the shell 30 is provided with a heat dissipation part 40, a gap 50 is formed between the periphery of the heat dissipation part 40 and the inner wall of the shell 30, and the axis of the material rod 20, the axis of the shell 30 and the center line of the heat dissipation part 40 are superposed. The first end of the material bar 20 of the present disclosure refers to the end connected to the heat sink 40, and the second end of the material bar 20 refers to the discharge end of the material bar 20.

Specifically, the end of the casing 30 where the material rod 20 is not provided is open, and the open end of the casing 30 is used to accommodate a water cooling member, so that cooling water flows into the inside of the casing 30 and contacts the heat dissipation portion 40, thereby taking away heat from the cathode rod. The housing 30 is cylindrical, and the outer wall of the housing 30 is provided with threads for connection with other components. The heat dissipation portion 40 and the case 30 are made of copper or silver, and copper is preferable because copper is economical.

The gap 50 is formed between the heat dissipation part 40 and the inner wall of the shell 30, so that the contact area between cooling water and the heat dissipation part 40 is increased, the heat dissipation effect of the material rod 20 is increased, and the service life of the cathode is prolonged.

In some embodiments, the heat sink 40 has a constant or decreasing cross-sectional area in a direction toward the first end of the material rod 20.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the heat dissipation portion 40 has a hemispherical shape, a circular truncated cone shape, a truncated pyramid shape, or the like, when the cross-sectional area of the heat dissipation portion 40 gradually decreases in a direction toward the first end of the material rod 20. In order to facilitate processing of the heat dissipation portion 40, the heat dissipation portion 40 is preferably hemispherical or circular truncated cone-shaped, and the heat dissipation portion 40 is disposed coaxially with the housing 30. The design further increases the contact area of the heat dissipation part 40 and cooling water through the inclined surface or the spherical surface, thereby increasing the cooling performance of the material rod 20.

As shown in fig. 3, when the sectional area of the heat dissipation member 40 is constant in a direction toward the first end of the material bar 20, the heat dissipation member 40 has a cylindrical shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the heat dissipation member 40 is preferably cylindrical in shape in order to facilitate processing of the heat dissipation member 40.

The inner wall of the housing 30 of the present disclosure increases in diameter in a direction away from the material rod 20. This design facilitates the demolding effect after the molding of the housing 30.

As shown in fig. 4, the present disclosure also provides a mold for manufacturing a cathode head, including a mold body 60, a first ram 70, and a second ram 80, the mold body 60, the first ram 70, and the second ram 80 being coaxially disposed. The mold is mainly used for manufacturing the above-described cathode head 10.

As shown in fig. 4, the die main body 60 has a cylindrical shape, and the die main body 60 has a through hole 61 in the middle thereof, the through hole 61 being disposed coaxially with the die main body 60. The first ram 70 and the second ram 80 are both disposed within the through-hole 61, the first ram 70 includes a ram base 72 and a punch 73, the punch 73 is disposed on one side of the ram base 72, and the punch 73 is disposed adjacent to the second ram 80. The end of the male mold 73 has a first cavity 75 matching the shape of the heat sink 40 of the cathode head 10. The male die 73, the second ram 80 and the inner wall of the through hole 61 form a second cavity 71 matching the shape of the casing 30 of the cathode head 10 described above.

The mold main body 60 has a through hole 61 in the middle thereof so that the first and second indenters 70 and 80 can penetrate into the through hole 61 through the ends and facilitate the pressing of the first and second indenters 70 and 80 by the respective members. Referring to fig. 4 and 8, the first cavity 75 is provided with a limiting hole 74 inside, and after the material rod 20 is inserted into the limiting hole 74, the material rod 20 is coaxial with the mold body 60 and the first ram 70.

As can be seen from the above-described specific structure of the cathode head 10, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the casing 30 of the cathode head 10 includes a surrounding wall 31 and an end plate 32. As shown in fig. 4 and 8 in combination, the punch 73 has a cylindrical shape, and the punch 73 is disposed between the inner wall of the die body 60 to form the surrounding wall 31 of the cathode head 10. Further optimally, in order to increase the demoulding effect of the shell 30, the punch 73 has a diameter that gradually increases in the direction towards the head base 72, and correspondingly, the inner wall of the surrounding wall 31 has a diameter that gradually increases in the direction away from the material rod 20. The male die 73 is used to form the end plate 32 of the cathode head 10 between the end of the second ram 80 to complete the formation of the casing 30.

One end of the male die 73 close to the second ram 80 is provided with a female die (i.e., a first cavity 75), and the shape of the first cavity 75 is the same as that of the heat dissipation part 40, that is, the first cavity 75 may be semicircular, circular truncated cone, or cylindrical for molding the heat dissipation part 40. Wherein the depth of the first cavity 75 is less than the height of the male die 73 and the width of the first cavity 75 at the maximum diameter is less than the diameter of the end of the male die 73.

The first ram 70 and the second ram 80 of the present disclosure are used in combination, and the second ram 80 is cylindrical, and the diameter of the second ram 80 is the same as the diameter of the ram base 72. In order to make the material rod 20 located at the middle position of the die main body 60 during the sintering process and make the sintering temperature uniform, as shown in fig. 4, the height of the first ram 70 is the same as the height of the second ram 80, and the height of the first ram 70 and the height of the second ram 80 are both half of the height of the through hole 61.

Taking the example that the heat dissipation portion 40 and the case 30 are made of copper materials, the cathode head 10 is formed as follows:

the material rod 20 is inserted into the limiting hole 74, and the first pressing head 70 is driven by an external device to move to the inside of the through hole 61 and be located at the designed position. And adding a proper amount of copper powder into the through hole 61, wherein the using amount of the copper powder is calculated according to the sizes of the second cavity 71 and the first cavity 75. The second ram 80 is moved into the through-hole 61 while applying pressure toward the first ram 70 and the second ram 80. After the above process is completed, the mold body 60 is initially in a sintered state, so that the copper powder is heated to a molten state, and the molten copper is molded into the shell 30 and the heat dissipation portion by the pressure of the first ram 70 and the second ram 80. Since the first end of the material rod 20 is located in the limiting hole 74, the heat dissipation layer is not formed on the outer periphery thereof, and therefore, the material rod 20 is cut off. Wherein, in order to avoid the mould main part 60, first pressure head 70 and second pressure head 80 to warp at the in-process of being heated, mould main part 60, first pressure head 70 and second pressure head 80 all adopt the graphite material, reduce and receive the deformation volume, avoid influencing the shaping effect of negative pole head 10.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5 in conjunction, the side wall of the mold body 60 is provided with a mounting hole 62 for inserting a thermocouple, and preferably, the depth of the mounting hole 62 is half the wall thickness of the mold body 60. During the molding process, a thermocouple is inserted into the mounting hole 62, and the temperature during the sintering process is measured in real time by the thermocouple.

As shown in fig. 4, gaps are formed between the first and second pressing heads 70 and 80 and the inner walls of the through holes 61, gas in the sintering process of the copper powder slides through the gaps, and the inner walls of the through holes 61 are provided with the release layers 63, and the release layers 63 are made of graphite paper. Because graphite paper has fine lubricity and high temperature resistance, consequently, can not influence the structural change of demoulding layer 63 in the sintering process, and demoulding layer 63 sets up the inner wall at through-hole 61 for fashioned casing 30's bounding wall 31 contacts with demoulding layer 63, because graphite paper's lubricating property, can increase the drawing of patterns effect of negative pole head 10. Meanwhile, when copper powder is added into the through hole 61, the copper powder can be prevented from flowing away from a gap between the first pressing head 70 and the inner wall of the through hole 61 by the demolding layer 63, or the copper powder is prevented from being stuck between the first pressing head 70 and the inner wall of the through hole 61 to influence the movement of the first pressing head 70.

As shown in fig. 4, in order to increase the compactness and the thermal conductivity of the heat dissipation portion 40, a large pressure needs to be applied to the first pressing head 70 and the second pressing head 80, and therefore, in order to ensure the strength of the mold main body 60 and avoid cracking of the mold main body 60, a shell 90 needs to be arranged on the periphery of the mold main body 60, and the mold main body 60 is wrapped by the shell 90, so that the mold main body 60 can bear a large pressure, the compactness of the cathode head 10 is further improved, and finally the thermal conductivity of the cathode head 10 is improved. The housing 90 is preferably made of stainless steel, so that the strength and the high temperature resistance of the housing 90 are ensured. Further preferably, a buffer layer 91 is disposed between the mold main body 60 and the outer shell 90, and the buffer layer 91 can play a role of stress buffering. Preferably, the buffer layer 91 is made of graphite powder, and has good high temperature resistance.

As shown in fig. 4 and 6, since the side wall of the die main body 60 is provided with the mounting hole 62, in order to facilitate the insertion of the thermocouple into the mounting hole 62, the insertion hole 95 is provided at a position of the outer shell 90 corresponding to the mounting hole 62, so that the thermocouple is inserted into the mounting hole 62 through the insertion hole 95, and accordingly, the cushion layer 91 should also be provided with an opening.

As shown in fig. 4, 6 and 7, an end of the outer shell 90 is provided with an opening through which an end of the mold body 60 adjacent to the first ram 70 is inserted into the interior of the outer shell 90, so that the mold body 60 is easily inserted into the interior of the outer shell 90. The bottom plate 93 of the housing 90 is provided with an avoiding hole 92 at a position corresponding to the through hole 61, and the diameter of the avoiding hole 92 is larger than or equal to that of the through hole 61, so that the first pressing head 70 can move in the through hole 61 conveniently. Preferably, the end of the outer shell 90 having the opening extends out of the mold body 60, ensuring that the outer shell 90 completely surrounds the mold body 60.

In order to increase the positioning effect between the housing 90 and the mold main body 60, a positioning member needs to be disposed between the bottom plate 93 of the housing 90 and the mold main body 60. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the positioning member includes an annular groove 64 provided at an end of the mold body 60, and an annular plate 94 provided on an inner wall of the bottom plate 93, the annular plate 94 and the annular groove 64 are positioned oppositely and matched in shape so that after the annular plate 94 is inserted into the annular groove 64, the housing 90 coincides with an axis of the mold body 60, and the inner wall of the housing 90 is uniformly stressed. In other embodiments, the positioning element may also adopt a limiting manner of a clamping groove and a clamping plate with other shapes, and then after limiting, the axis of the shell 90 and the axis of the mold main body 60 coincide.

By adopting the die, the shell 30 and the heat dissipation part 40 can be formed at one time, secondary processing of the heat dissipation part 40 is not needed, and the processing convenience is improved. Meanwhile, the electrical and thermal conductivity of the heat dissipation part 40, and thus the performance of the cathode tab 10 can be ensured to meet the demand.

The present disclosure also provides a plasma generator including the above-described cathode head 10. The cathode tap 10 includes all technical features of the above-described cathode tap 10 of the main body, and thus, a description thereof will not be repeated. Since the cathode tabs 10 are disposed in such a manner that the lifespan thereof is increased, the lifespan of the plasma generator using the cathode tabs 10 can be extended.

It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The cathode head is characterized by comprising a material rod (20) and a hollow shell (30), wherein the material rod (20) is arranged at the end part of the shell (30) in a penetrating mode, the first end of the material rod (20) is located in the shell (30), a heat dissipation part (40) is arranged on the periphery of the part, located in the shell (30), of the material rod (20), and a gap (50) is formed between the periphery of the heat dissipation part (40) and the inner wall of the shell (30).

2. The cathode head according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat sink (40) has a constant or decreasing cross-sectional area in a direction towards the first end of the material rod (20).

3. The cathode head according to claim 2, wherein the heat sink member (40) has a hemispherical shape, a circular truncated cone shape, or a cylindrical shape.

4. The cathode head according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the casing (30) gradually increases in diameter in a direction away from the material rod (20).

5. A die for manufacturing a cathode head, characterized by comprising a die main body (60), a first ram (70) and a second ram (80), wherein the middle part of the die main body (60) is provided with a through hole (61), the first ram (70) and the second ram (80) are both arranged in the through hole (61), the first ram (70) comprises a ram base (72) and a male die (73), and the male die (73) is arranged close to the second ram (80);

the end of the male die (73) is provided with a first cavity (75) matched with the shape of the heat dissipation part (40) of the cathode head (10) of any one of claims 1 to 4;

a second cavity (71) matched with the shape of the shell (30) of the cathode head (10) of any one of claims 1 to 4 is formed between the male die (73) and the second pressing head (80) and the inner wall of the through hole (61).

6. The mold for manufacturing a cathode head as claimed in claim 5, wherein the side wall of the mold body (60) is provided with a mounting hole (62) for inserting a thermocouple.

7. The mold for manufacturing a cathode head according to claim 5, wherein a release layer (63) is provided on an inner wall of the through hole (61).

8. The die for manufacturing a cathode head as claimed in claim 5, wherein the die main body (60) is provided at the outer circumference thereof with a casing (90), and a buffer layer (91) is provided between the die main body (60) and the casing (90).

9. The mold for manufacturing a cathode head according to claim 8, wherein an opening is provided at one end of the casing (90), one end of the mold main body (60) close to the first pressing head (70) is inserted into the casing (90) through the opening, an avoiding hole (92) is provided at a position of the bottom plate (93) of the casing (90) corresponding to the through hole (61), and a diameter of the avoiding hole (92) is greater than or equal to a diameter of the through hole (61).

10. A plasma generator characterized by comprising the cathode head (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images