CN213121926U - Soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating background ammonia influence - Google Patents
Soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating background ammonia influence Download PDFInfo
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- CN213121926U CN213121926U CN202022153678.7U CN202022153678U CN213121926U CN 213121926 U CN213121926 U CN 213121926U CN 202022153678 U CN202022153678 U CN 202022153678U CN 213121926 U CN213121926 U CN 213121926U
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Abstract
A soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating background ammonia influence comprises an air exchange rod, a background ammonia absorber, an air exchange chamber, a sample absorption bottle, an adjusting valve, a rotor flow meter, a buffer bottle and a vacuum pump, wherein the top end of the air exchange rod extends out of the ground of soil to be detected, and the bottom end of the air exchange rod is connected with an air inlet of the background ammonia absorber; the top end of the air exchange chamber comprises two vent holes, one vent hole is connected with an air outlet of the background ammonia absorber, the other vent hole is connected with an air inlet of the sample absorption bottle, the bottom end of the air exchange chamber is opened, and the opening end of the air exchange chamber is in sealed contact with soil to be detected; and the gas outlet of the absorption bottle is sequentially connected with the regulating valve, the flow meter, the buffer bottle and the vacuum pump through pipelines. The device eliminates the influence of background ammonia in the air on the monitoring result when field plot experiments are carried out, so that the monitoring result is closer to a true value, and the accuracy of ammonia volatilization tests is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of soil normal position monitoring, concretely relates to can eliminate soil ammonia volatilization normal position monitoring devices of background ammonia influence.
Background
Ammonia is the alkaline gas most abundant in the atmospheric environment, and plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and ecosystem. The ammonia gas can promote the generation of sulfate and nitrate to increase the concentration of atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM 2.5), and can neutralize atmospheric acidic substances to reduce the influence of acid rain on the ecological environment. Research currently considers that the crop and animal husbandry industries are the most important sources of ammonia emissions, with the ammonia emissions from crop industries being primarily due to over fertilization and unreasonable fertilization patterns.
At present, the acknowledged most accurate farmland ammonia volatilization measurement method is a micrometeorology method and a wind tunnel method, but the two methods have very large requirements on the area of a test point, and a test device is relatively complex and cannot monitor a multi-cell test with a small area. The most common ammonia volatilization measurement method for researchers in multi-cell tests is a closed chamber intermittent air suction method and a ventilation type sponge absorption method, wherein the former method can directly obtain a test result by adopting standard acid titration on a test site and is particularly widely applied to test research. The intermittent air-pumping method for the closed chamber uses a vacuum air-pumping pump as a power source, exchanges air in a closed test area during testing, and uses acid solution such as boric acid or sulfuric acid as ammonia absorption liquid to achieve the purpose of quantitatively testing volatile ammonia.
The device is when testing, need utilize the outside air of sealed room to carry out the replacement to the inside air of sealed room, because test under field district test condition, the sealed room only accounts for a very little part of district area, the inevitable can have the ammonia that test district volatilizees in the outside air of sealed room, this part of background ammonia gets into and mixes with the ammonia that volatilizees in the test area after the sealed room, finally is absorbed by the absorption liquid, can inevitably cause the monitoring result to be bigger than normal.
Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN 205861388U discloses a field soil ammonia volatilization in-situ measuring device, which comprises a vacuum pump, a glass rotameter, a flow control valve, an ammonia gas collecting device and an air exchange device which are connected in sequence through a pipeline, wherein the ammonia gas collecting device comprises a base, a long cylinder sleeve cup fixed on the base, a narrow-mouthed bottle inserted in the long cylinder sleeve cup, a rubber ring clamped between the long cylinder sleeve cup and the narrow-mouthed bottle, the rubber ring is axially fixed on the inner circumference of the long cylinder sleeve cup, an adjusting jackscrew is arranged on the long cylinder sleeve cup, the end part of the adjusting jackscrew is provided with a push plate, the push plate is clamped between the rubber ring and the long cylinder sleeve cup, the air exchange device comprises an organic glass cover, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are arranged on the organic glass cover, the air inlet pipe adopts an elastic corrugated pipe, and the free end of the elastic corrugated, the caliber of the air inlet pipe is larger than that of the air outlet pipe; the utility model discloses a simple structure, convenient to use can further ensure the accuracy that the experimental data detected. However, this device does not exclude the presence of background ammonia and fine acidic and basic particulate matter in the air beforehand, which may cause these substances to enter the sample-absorbing vial after passing through the air exchange chamber, affecting the test results.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: to the technical problem, the utility model provides a can eliminate soil ammonia normal position monitoring devices that volatilizees of background ammonia influence can eliminate the influence of the pH value particulate matter that exists in this experimental district or the adjacent experimental district volatility ammonia or the air to the test result under field district experimental condition, improves the degree of accuracy of ammonia volatilization test.
The technical scheme is as follows: a soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating background ammonia influence comprises an air exchange rod, a background ammonia absorber, an air exchange chamber, a sample absorption bottle, an adjusting valve, a rotor flow meter, a buffer bottle and a vacuum pump, wherein the top end of the air exchange rod extends out of the ground of soil to be detected, and the bottom end of the air exchange rod is connected with an air inlet of the background ammonia absorber;
the device comprises a background ammonia absorber, a container and an acid adding device, wherein the container is used for containing sponge, the sponge is soaked with glycerol phosphate solution, through holes are formed in the corresponding positions of two sides of the container, one through hole is an air inlet of the background ammonia absorber, the other through hole is an air outlet of the background ammonia absorber and is connected with an air inlet hole of an air exchange chamber, the acid adding device comprises an online pH meter, a phosphoric acid storage tank and a manual valve, the online pH meter is inserted into the sponge in the container from the top of the container, the phosphoric acid storage tank is connected with a liquid inlet pipeline at the top of the container through the manual valve, the phosphoric acid storage tank is a brown glass tank;
the top end of the air exchange chamber comprises two vent holes, one vent hole is connected with an air outlet of the background ammonia absorber, the other vent hole is connected with an air inlet of the sample absorption bottle, the bottom end of the air exchange chamber is opened, and the opening end of the air exchange chamber is in sealed contact with soil to be detected;
the sample absorption bottle comprises a bottle plug, a glass bottle, absorption liquid and two L-shaped vent pipes, wherein the absorption liquid is arranged in the glass bottle, the bottle plug is movably and hermetically connected with the bottle mouth of the glass bottle, the bottom ends of the two L-shaped vent pipes penetrate through the bottle plug and extend into the glass bottle, the bottom end of one L-shaped vent pipe is close to the bottom of the glass bottle and is immersed in the absorption liquid, the other L-shaped vent pipe is close to the top of the glass bottle and is not in contact with the absorption liquid, the top end of the L-shaped vent pipe close to the bottom of the glass bottle is an air inlet of the sample absorption bottle, and the top end of the L;
and the gas outlet of the absorption bottle is sequentially connected with the regulating valve, the rotor flow meter, the buffer bottle and the vacuum pump pipeline.
Preferably, the acid adding device further comprises a control system for controlling acid liquor to flow into the container from the phosphoric acid storage tank, the control system comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller), a display, a timer and an electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the phosphoric acid storage tank and the top of the container, when the electromagnetic valve works, the manual valve is in a normally open state, the output ends of the online pH meter and the timer are respectively connected with the input end of the PLC, the output end of the PLC is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve and the display, the online pH meter is used for detecting the pH of phosphoric acid in the sponge and transmitting collected data to the PLC, the pH value range is set to be 0-4.01 on the PLC, when the pH value exceeds 4.01, the PLC controls the electromagnetic valve to be opened and simultaneously to start working, after the set time is reached, the timer transmits a signal to the PLC.
Preferably, the ventilation rod is a telescopic rod, the length of the part of the ventilation rod extending out of the ground is 1-2 m, and the inner diameter of the ventilation rod is 20 mm.
Preferably, the air exchange chamber is a cylindrical cavity with an open bottom end, two vent holes at the top end and the rest sealed, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the air exchange chamber is 20 cm, and the height of the air exchange chamber is 20 cm.
Preferably, the opening end of the air exchange chamber is in sealed contact with the soil to be detected through water seal or insertion into the soil to be detected by 5 cm in depth.
Preferably, the rotameter is a glass rotameter, and the measuring range of the rotameter is 0-240L/min.
Preferably, the vacuum pump is a micro vacuum pump, and the pumping speed is 60-240L/min.
Has the advantages that: 1. this is novel when having eliminated and carrying out field plot experiment, and the influence that the acid-base particulate matter that exists in the air or the air caused the monitoring result in the air makes the monitoring result more be close to the true value.
2. The background ammonia absorber still includes the acidification device, adopts PLC control background ammonia absorber interior phosphoric acid's addition, can realize accurate, automated control, can guarantee in the test time, can be for a long time need not change the sponge. And, the phosphoric acid storage tank is the brown glass that the jar body is marked scale, can adopt the manual work to add the acid to the sponge in the background ammonia absorber, also can guarantee like this when testing for a long time, need not change the pickling sponge midway.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating the influence of background ammonia according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an acid adding apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control system for controlling the flow of acid solution from the phosphoric acid storage tank into the container according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The numerical designations in the drawings represent the following: 1. a ventilation rod; 2. a background ammonia absorber; 3. an air exchange chamber; 4. a sample absorption bottle; 5. a rotameter; 6. a buffer bottle; 7. a vacuum pump; 8. an online pH meter; 9. a phosphoric acid storage tank; 10. a manual valve; a PLC; 12. an electromagnetic valve; 13. a display.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the embodiments of the present specification, the connection pipe is a rubber hose having an inner diameter of 10 mm, unless otherwise specified. The on-line pH meter is a Hash pH meter, the electromagnetic valve is a tetrafluoro flange electromagnetic valve, and other devices are common products sold in the market if no special description exists, and parts capable of achieving the same function can be equivalently replaced.
Example 1
The utility model provides a can eliminate soil ammonia of background ammonia influence and volatilize normal position monitoring devices, refers to fig. 1, including pole 1, background ammonia absorber 2, air exchange room 3, sample absorption bottle 4, governing valve, rotameter 5, buffer flask 6 and vacuum pump 7 of breathing freely, the soil ground that awaits measuring is stretched out on pole 1 top of breathing freely, and the bottom is connected with 2 air inlet pipe connections of background ammonia absorber.
The background ammonia absorber 2 comprises a sponge, a container for containing the sponge and an acid adding device, the sponge is soaked with a glycerol phosphate solution, through holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the two sides of the container, one through hole is an air inlet of the background ammonia absorber 2, the other through hole is an air outlet of the background ammonia absorber 2, the air outlet of the background ammonia absorber 2 is connected with an air inlet of the air exchange chamber 3, the acid adding device comprises an online pH meter 8, a phosphoric acid storage tank 9 and a manual valve 10, the online pH meter 8 is inserted into the sponge in the container from the top of the container, the phosphoric acid storage tank 9 is connected with a liquid inlet pipeline at the top of the container through the manual valve 10, the phosphoric acid storage tank 9 is a brown glass tank. The background ammonia absorber 2 is used for absorbing ammonia gas in background air and eliminating ammonia in air entering the air exchange chamber 3.
The top end of the air exchange chamber 3 comprises two vent holes, one vent hole is connected with the air outlet of the background ammonia absorber 2, the other vent hole is connected with the air inlet of the sample absorption bottle 4, the bottom end of the air exchange chamber 3 is opened, and the opening end of the air exchange chamber is in sealed contact with soil to be detected.
Sample absorption bottle 4 includes bottle plug, glass bottle, absorption liquid and two L shape breather pipes, the absorption liquid is located in the glass bottle, bottle plug and glass bottle bottleneck activity sealing connection, two L shape breather pipe bottoms pass the bottle plug and go deep into in the glass bottle, and an L shape breather pipe bottom is close to glass bottle bottom and submergence in the absorption liquid, and another L shape breather pipe is close to the glass bottle top and contactless with the absorption liquid, and the L shape breather pipe top that is close to the glass bottle bottom is 4 air inlets of sample absorption bottle, and the L shape breather pipe top that is close to the glass bottle top is 4 gas outlets of sample absorption bottle. The sample absorption bottle 4 is a glass bottle and has a capacity of 250 mL. The absorption solution is 60 mL of 0.05mol/L sulfuric acid solution.
And the air outlet of the sample absorption bottle 4 is sequentially connected with a regulating valve, a rotor flow meter 5, a buffer bottle 6 and a vacuum pump 7 through pipelines. The buffer bottle 6 is used for preventing condensate generated when the device is installed wrongly or the air temperature is low from entering the vacuum pump 7 to damage the vacuum pump 7.
The use method of the device comprises the following steps: during the test, change sample absorption bottle 4 earlier, connect each part, open vacuum pump 7, the air current gets into from taking a breath pole 1, loops through background ammonia absorber 2, air exchange room 3, sample absorption bottle 4, flow control valve, rotameter 5, buffer bottle 6 and vacuum pump 7 in proper order. The ammonia gas volatilized from the soil in the air exchange chamber 3 is brought into the sample absorption bottle 4 by the air flow, the acidic absorption liquid in the absorption bottle absorbs the ammonia gas volatilized from the soil, the sample in the absorption bottle is measured after a certain time, and the ammonia volatilization amount of the soil is calculated. At the same time, the pH value measured by the on-line pH meter is observed, and when the pH value exceeds 4.01, the manual valve 10 is opened, the scale of the phosphoric acid storage tank is observed, and consumed phosphoric acid is replenished.
Example 2
The difference is that, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the acid adding device further comprises a control system for controlling the flow of acid liquid from the phosphoric acid storage tank 9 into the container, the control system comprises a PLC 11, a display 13, a timer and a solenoid valve 12, the solenoid valve 12 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the phosphoric acid storage tank 9 and the top of the container, when the solenoid valve 12 is operated, the manual valve 10 is in a normally open state, the output ends of the online pH meter 8 and the timer are respectively connected with the input end of the PLC 11, the output end of the PLC 11 is respectively connected with the solenoid valve 12 and the display 13, the online pH meter 8 is used for detecting the pH value of the phosphoric acid in the sponge and transmitting the collected data to the PLC 11, the PLC 11 sets the pH value range to be 0-4.01, when the value exceeds 4.01, the PLC 11 controls the solenoid valve 12 to be opened and simultaneously starts to operate the timer, the outflow rate of the phosphoric acid in the phosphoric, the adding amount of phosphoric acid is 10 mL each time, the closing time of the electromagnetic valve is calculated, after the set time is reached, the timer transmits a signal to the PLC 11, and the PLC 11 controls the electromagnetic valve 12 to be closed.
The sponge is 2cm in thickness and 10cm in diameter, is uniformly soaked in 20mL of glycerol phosphate solution (50 mL of phosphoric acid and 40 mL of glycerol are added to reach a constant volume of 1000 mL) before use, and is filled in the background ammonia absorber 2.
The air exchange rod 1 is a telescopic rod, the length of the part, extending out of the ground, of the air exchange rod 1 is 1-2 m, the inner diameter of the air exchange rod is 20 mm, and the air exchange rod can be adjusted according to the height of a crop canopy.
The air exchange chamber 3 is a cylindrical cavity with an opening at the bottom end, two vent holes at the top end and the rest sealed, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the air exchange chamber is 20 cm, and the height of the air exchange chamber is 20 cm. The opening end of the air exchange chamber 3 is in sealing contact with the soil to be detected through water seal or by inserting the air exchange chamber into the soil to be detected for 5 cm in depth.
The absorbent solution in this example was 80 mL of a 2 wt.% boric acid-indicator mixed solution (formulation: 20g boric acid (tertiary) dissolved in water, water added to one liter, 20mL mixed indicator methyl red-bromocresol green added to one liter of boric acid solution before use, and adjusted with dilute base or dilute acid until the solution just turned purple (pH 4.5).
The rotor flowmeter is a glass rotor flowmeter, and the measurement range of the glass rotor flowmeter is 0-240L/min.
The vacuum pump is a micro vacuum pump, and the pumping speed is 60-240L/min.
The use method of the device comprises the following steps: during the test, change sample absorption bottle 4 earlier, connect each part, open vacuum pump 7, the air current gets into from taking a breath pole 1, loops through background ammonia absorber 2, air exchange room 3, sample absorption bottle 4, flow control valve, rotameter 5, buffer bottle 6 and vacuum pump 7 in proper order. The ammonia gas volatilized from the soil in the air exchange chamber 3 is brought into the sample absorption bottle 4 by the air flow, the acidic absorption liquid in the absorption bottle absorbs the ammonia gas volatilized from the soil, the sample in the absorption bottle is measured after a certain time, and the ammonia volatilization amount of the soil is calculated. Meanwhile, the online pH meter 8 detects the pH value of phosphoric acid in the sponge, and transmits the collected data to the PLC 11, the PLC 11 sets the pH value range to be 0-4.01, when the pH value exceeds 4.01, the PLC 11 controls the electromagnetic valve 12 to be opened and the timer starts to work, the outflow speed of the phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid storage tank 9 is calculated in advance, the adding amount of the phosphoric acid is 10 mL each time, the closing time of the electromagnetic valve is calculated, after the set time is reached, the timer transmits a signal to the PLC 11, and the PLC 11 controls the electromagnetic valve 12 to be closed.
Claims (7)
1. A soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating background ammonia influence is characterized by comprising an air exchange rod, a background ammonia absorber, an air exchange chamber, a sample absorption bottle, an adjusting valve, a rotor flow meter, a buffer bottle and a vacuum pump, wherein the top end of the air exchange rod extends out of the ground of soil to be detected, and the bottom end of the air exchange rod is connected with an air inlet of the background ammonia absorber;
the device comprises a background ammonia absorber, a container and an acid adding device, wherein the container is used for containing sponge, the sponge is soaked with glycerol phosphate solution, through holes are formed in the corresponding positions of two sides of the container, one through hole is an air inlet of the background ammonia absorber, the other through hole is an air outlet of the background ammonia absorber, the air outlet of the background ammonia absorber is connected with an air inlet hole of an air exchange chamber, the acid adding device comprises an online pH meter, a phosphoric acid storage tank and a manual valve, the online pH meter is inserted into the sponge in the container from the top of the container, the phosphoric acid storage tank is connected with a liquid inlet pipeline at the top of the container through the manual valve, the phosphoric acid storage tank is;
the top end of the air exchange chamber comprises two vent holes, one vent hole is connected with an air outlet of the background ammonia absorber, the other vent hole is connected with an air inlet of the sample absorption bottle, the bottom end of the air exchange chamber is opened, and the opening end of the air exchange chamber is in sealed contact with soil to be detected;
the sample absorption bottle comprises a bottle plug, a glass bottle, absorption liquid and two L-shaped vent pipes, wherein the absorption liquid is arranged in the glass bottle, the bottle plug is movably and hermetically connected with the bottle mouth of the glass bottle, the bottom ends of the two L-shaped vent pipes penetrate through the bottle plug and extend into the glass bottle, the bottom end of one L-shaped vent pipe is close to the bottom of the glass bottle and is immersed in the absorption liquid, the other L-shaped vent pipe is close to the top of the glass bottle and is not in contact with the absorption liquid, the top end of the L-shaped vent pipe close to the bottom of the glass bottle is an air inlet of the sample absorption bottle, and the top end of the L;
and the gas outlet of the sample absorption bottle is sequentially connected with the regulating valve, the rotameter, the buffer bottle and the vacuum pump pipeline.
2. The in-situ monitoring device for ammonia volatilization in soil capable of eliminating the influence of background ammonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid adding device further comprises a control system for controlling acid liquid to flow into the container from the phosphoric acid storage tank, the control system comprises a PLC, a display, a timer and an electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the phosphoric acid storage tank and the top of the container, when the electromagnetic valve is operated, the manual valve is in a normally open state, the output ends of the online pH meter and the timer are respectively connected with the input end of the PLC, the output end of the PLC is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve and the display, the online pH meter is used for detecting the pH of the phosphoric acid in the sponge and transmitting the collected data to the PLC, the PLC is set to have a pH value ranging from 0 to 4.01, when the value exceeds 4.01, the PLC controls the electromagnetic valve to be opened and simultaneously the timer to start to operate, and after the set time is reached, the PLC controls the electromagnetic valve to be closed.
3. The in-situ monitoring device for ammonia volatilization in soil capable of eliminating the influence of background ammonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ventilation rod is a telescopic rod, the length of the part of the ventilation rod extending out of the ground is 1-2 m, and the inner diameter of the ventilation rod is 20 mm.
4. The in-situ monitoring device for ammonia volatilization in soil capable of eliminating the influence of background ammonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air exchange chamber is a cylindrical cavity with an open bottom end, two vent holes at the top end and the rest being closed, and the bottom surface of the air exchange chamber has a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 20 cm.
5. The in-situ monitoring device for ammonia volatilization in soil capable of eliminating the influence of background ammonia according to claim 1, wherein the open end of the air exchange chamber is in sealed contact with the soil to be detected through water seal or by being inserted into the soil to be detected for 5 cm in depth.
6. The in-situ monitoring device for ammonia volatilization in soil capable of eliminating the influence of background ammonia according to claim 1, wherein the rotor flow meter is a glass rotor flow meter, and the measurement range of the glass rotor flow meter is 0-240L/min.
7. The in-situ monitoring device for ammonia volatilization in soil capable of eliminating the influence of background ammonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum pump is a micro vacuum pump, and the pumping speed is 60-240L/min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202022153678.7U CN213121926U (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-27 | Soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating background ammonia influence |
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| CN202022153678.7U CN213121926U (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-27 | Soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating background ammonia influence |
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| CN202022153678.7U Active CN213121926U (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-27 | Soil ammonia volatilization in-situ monitoring device capable of eliminating background ammonia influence |
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