CN213068576U - Rock mass fracture seepage microscopic feature observation equipment based on 3D printing technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rock mass crack seepage flow microcosmic characteristic observation equipment based on 3D printing technique relates to the geotechnical engineering field. The utility model discloses mainly be: the device comprises a water supply system (1), a sample device (2), a control main board (3), a flowmeter (4), an electromagnetic valve (5), a pressure sensor (6), a microscopic measurement system (7), a computer system (8) and a pipeline system (9); the water outlet of the water supply system (1), the sample device (2), the electromagnetic valve (5), the flowmeter (4) and the water inlet of the water supply system (1) are communicated through a pipeline system (9) in sequence to form a closed water flow circulating system. The utility model can control the flow to change according to various wave forms such as sine/cosine wave, triangle wave, trapezoid wave, etc. to simulate the seepage in the rock mass crack under different working conditions; and (3) carrying out post-treatment by adopting PIV particle imaging velocimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance technology to obtain the microscopic seepage characteristics in the sample fracture network.

Description

Rock mass fracture seepage microscopic feature observation equipment based on 3D printing technology

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a geotechnical engineering field especially relates to a rock mass crack seepage flow microcosmic characteristic observation equipment based on 3D printing technique.

Background

Many fractures often exist in natural rock mass, and seepage pairs in the fracturesThe bearing capacity and stability of the side slope and the foundation rock-soil body have important influence, so that rock fracture seepage is a geotechnical engineering problem which is very concerned by people. The influence of the fracture seepage on the rock mass is mainly shown as the influence of the seepage on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the rock mass, so that the opening degree of the rock mass fracture is possibly increased, the integral stability of the rock mass is reduced, and the rock mass is even damaged. Therefore, the method has very important significance in observing the seepage of the rock mass fracture. Firstly, the existing rock mass fracture seepage test equipment generally uses rock samples, so that the flow of seepage in rock mass fractures cannot be intuitively reflected, and the characteristics of the seepage of the fractures in the rock mass cannot be analyzed from a microscopic angle. In addition, because the existing equipment can not accurately control the flow velocity of water flow entering a sample, and can not effectively realize the fluctuation of the flow velocity of water flow (such as water flow with periodically changed flow velocity, water flow with gradually increased or decreased flow velocity, water flow with triangular waveform, trapezoidal waveform, water flow with sine waveform and cosine waveform, and the like), the existing equipment has small application range (mostly used for penetration test of constant water flow), can not simulate complex working conditions, can not accurately obtain the flow velocity and acceleration of seepage flow of cracks in a rock mass, and can not accurately obtain the drag force coefficients a, b, c related to the seepage flow of cracks in the rock mass

The permeability coefficient of the rock mass fracture network can only be roughly measured.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at overcoming the shortcoming and not enough that prior art exists just, provide a rock mass crack seepage flow microcosmic characteristic observation equipment based on 3D printing technique. The equipment really realizes the fluctuation of water flow on the premise of accurately controlling the water flow, thereby observing the microcosmic seepage characteristics inside the rock mass fracture under different working conditions and simultaneously obtaining the very important osmotic drag coefficient in the seepage of the rock mass fracture.

The purpose of the utility model is realized like this:

in order to solve the problems, the utility model provides a rock mass fracture network seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment which can automatically collect flow and pressure difference data in the test process and feed back a servo loop according to the data, thereby changing the flow of water flow to reach the expected value of the test or generate water flow with various waveforms; in addition, the device can obtain the image of the flow velocity distribution in the rock fracture network, can also accurately control the test process, and has a series of advantages of internal visualization of the sample and automation of the test process.

The technical scheme of the utility model is that:

a servo loop is constructed by adopting a servo motor, a servo motor controller, a gear pump with the rotation speed and the flow in a highly linear relation, a flow meter, an electromagnetic valve and a control main board to accurately control the outlet flow, so that the aims of visualizing the seepage microscopic characteristics in a rock mass fracture network and accurately measuring the rock mass fracture permeability coefficient and the drag force coefficient are fulfilled.

Firstly, a calculation method of a random fracture network is obtained according to a statistical rule, a sample with the fracture network inside is generated according to the calculation method, and a transparent resin material is adopted to obtain the sample required by the test through 3D printing. The servo motor, the servo motor controller, the gear pump, the flowmeter and the electromagnetic valve are all connected with the control mainboard through circuits to form a servo loop. When the test starts, the servo loop sends a signal to the servo motor controller according to the water flow preset in the test, and the servo motor controller controls the gear rotating speed of the high-precision gear pump after receiving the signal, so that the flow at the outlet of the gear pump is changed. When the indicated value of the flowmeter does not reach the expected flow or the generated water flow does not reach the expected waveform, the control mainboard can automatically send a signal to the servo motor controller without manual operation, and the servo motor controller controls the servo motor to change the rotating speed of the gear pump, increase or reduce the water supply quantity of the gear pump and enable the flow or the waveform to reach the test requirement. In order to accurately collect the flow data during the test, the control main board controls the opening and closing of the corresponding electromagnetic valve, so that the flow data can be collected by automatically selecting a flowmeter with a proper measuring range or a combination of a plurality of flowmeters. In the test process, the control main board not only participates in servo control, but also can automatically acquire data such as pressure difference, flow and the like, and the micro characteristics of the movement of seepage in a rock mass fracture network are observed and recorded by adopting the PIV particle imaging speed measurement and nuclear magnetic resonance technology.

Specifically, the utility model comprises a water supply system, a sample device, a control mainboard, a flowmeter, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure sensor, a microcosmic measurement system, a computer system and a pipeline system;

the connection relation is as follows:

the water outlet of the water supply system, the sample device, the electromagnetic valve, the flowmeter and the water inlet of the water supply system are communicated through a pipeline system in sequence to form a closed water flow circulating system;

the control main board is connected with the water supply system to control the water supply system;

pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of the sample device for measuring pressure;

the control main board is respectively connected with the pressure sensor, the electromagnetic valve and the flowmeter to realize measurement and control;

the microscopic measurement system acts on the sample device to realize observation and collection;

and the computer system is respectively connected with the control main board and the microscopic measurement system to realize calculation.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of as follows and beneficial effect:

1. the pipeline with the gradually increased pipe diameter is adopted for transition, the gradual change of the flow rate is ensured, and meanwhile, a self-made flow guide grating plate is adopted to ensure that the fluid entering the sample is in a laminar flow state;

2. the system adopts a servo loop formed by a servo motor, a servo motor controller, a high-precision gear pump, a flowmeter, an electromagnetic valve and a control main board, can automatically change the flow according to data fed back by the flowmeter, and can also control the flow to change according to various waveforms such as sine/cosine waves, triangular waves, trapezoidal waves and the like so as to simulate seepage in rock fractures under different working conditions;

3. the sample is formed by 3D printing of a transparent resin material, blue or red ink is dripped into a water source box to enable seepage to be colored, and the seepage condition in a crack can be observed macroscopically clearly;

4. by adopting PIV particle imaging speed measurement and nuclear magnetic resonance technology, microscopic seepage characteristics in a fracture network of the sample, such as a three-dimensional flow velocity distribution map of seepage in the fracture, can be obtained through post-treatment;

5. the whole test process is highly automated, so that manpower and material resources are saved;

6. the water recycling is realized, and a large amount of test water is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the sample apparatus 2;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus with an added PIV particle imaging velocimetry system 7-1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus with the addition of a nuclear magnetic resonance system 7-2;

figure 5-1 is a schematic view of the construction of a flow grid plate 2-5 (front view),

fig. 5-2 is a schematic structural view (perspective view) of the flow grid plate 2-5;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the connection of the four-way pipe to each of the flow meter 4 and the solenoid valve 5;

FIG. 7-1 is a schematic illustration of a steady increase or decrease in water flow that can be achieved by the present apparatus;

FIG. 7-2 is a schematic view of a triangular waveform water flow that can be achieved by the present apparatus;

7-3 are schematic views of trapezoidal waveform water flows that can be realized by the present apparatus;

fig. 7-4 are schematic views of sine/cosine waveform water flow that can be achieved by the present apparatus.

In the figure:

1-a water supply system, wherein,

1-a servo motor, wherein,

1-2-a gear pump, wherein,

1-3-a water storage tank,

1-3-1-water outlet, 1-3-2-water inlet, 1-3-air outlet;

1-4-servo motor controller;

2-the sample device is used for sampling,

2-1-transparent resin sample, 2-bolt, 2-3-rubber sealing pad, 2-4-pressure measuring opening,

2-5 parts of a flow guide grating plate, 2-6 parts of a filter screen and 2-7 parts of a sample support;

3, controlling the main board;

4-a flow meter is arranged on the base,

4-1-small range flowmeter, 4-2-medium range flowmeter, 4-3-large range flowmeter;

5, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the upper portion of the cylinder,

5-1 to the 1 st electromagnetic valve, 5-2 to the 2 nd electromagnetic valve, 5-3 to the 3 rd electromagnetic valve;

6-a pressure sensor;

7-a microscopic measuring system for measuring the thickness of the film,

7-1-PIV particle imaging velocimetry system,

7-1-PIV high-speed camera, 7-1-2-laser emitter, 7-1-3-laser beam expander,

7-2-a nuclear magnetic resonance system,

7-2-1-nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus;

8-the computer system,

8-1-a computer, wherein,

8-2-data post-processing procedure;

9-a system of pipes, which is,

9-1-a pipeline with gradually changed pipe diameter,

9-2-general pipelines;

9-3-four-way interface.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

a, equipment

1. General of

As shown in fig. 1, the utility model comprises a water supply system 1, a sample device 2, a control mainboard 3, a flowmeter 4, an electromagnetic valve 5, a pressure sensor 6, a microscopic measurement system 7, a computer system 8 and a pipeline system 9;

the connection relation is as follows:

the water outlet of the water supply system 1, the sample device 2, the electromagnetic valve 5, the flowmeter 4 and the water inlet of the water supply system 1 are communicated in sequence to form a closed circulating system;

the control main board 3 is connected with the water supply system 1 to control the water supply system 1;

the water inlet and the water outlet of the sample device 2 are respectively provided with a pressure sensor 6 for measuring pressure;

the control mainboard 3 is respectively connected with the pressure sensor 6, the electromagnetic valve 5 and the flowmeter 4 to realize measurement and control;

the microscopic measurement system 7 acts on the sample device 2 to realize observation and collection;

and the computer system 8 is respectively connected with the control mainboard 3 and the microscopic measurement system 7 to realize calculation.

2. Functional unit

1) Water supply system 1

The water supply system 1 is:

the servo motor controller 1-4, the servo motor 1-1, the gear pump 1-2 and the water storage tank 1-3 are connected in sequence.

The servo motor 1-1 is controlled by a servo motor controller 1-4 to adjust the power of the gear pump 1-2, thereby stabilizing the flow rate or changing the flow rate according to a certain waveform.

(1) Servo motor 1-1

Is a universal part.

(2) Gear pump 1-2

The rotation speed and the flow are in a highly linear relationship, and the flow can be accurately controlled at a millimeter level.

(3) Water storage tank 1-3

Is a square container, and a water outlet 1-3-1, a water inlet 1-3-2 and an exhaust port 1-3-3 are respectively arranged on the square container.

(4) Servo motor controller 1-4

Is a universal part.

2) Sample device 2

As shown in fig. 2, the sample device 2 comprises a transparent resin sample 2-1, bolts 2-2, rubber gaskets 2-3, pressure measuring ports 2-4, a flow guide grid plate 2-5, a filter screen 2-6 and a sample support 2-7;

the sample support 2-7 is connected with a transparent resin sample 2-1, two sides of the transparent resin sample 2-1 are symmetrically and sequentially provided with a filter screen 2-6, a flow guide grid plate 2-5 and a pressure measuring port 2-4, and the filter screen, the flow guide grid plate and the pressure measuring port are connected into a whole through a bolt 2-2 and a rubber sealing gasket 2-3.

The edge of the transparent resin sample 2-1 is provided with a threaded hole for connecting a pipeline 9-1 with a gradually changed pipe diameter, only the left surface and the right surface of the transparent resin sample 2-1 can be filled with water, and the upper surface, the lower surface, the front surface and the rear surface are closed; a flow guide grid plate 2-5 and a filter screen 2-6 are padded on the water passing surface of the transparent resin sample 2-1, a pressure measuring port 2-4 is sealed by a rubber sealing pad 2-3 when being connected with the transparent resin sample 2-1, and then is fastened by a bolt 2-2, the model of the bolt 2-2 is M8, so that water leakage at the connection part is prevented; and after the connection is finished, placing the transparent resin sample 2-1 on the sample support 2-7.

(1) Transparent resin sample 2-1

The size of the fracture network is 10cm multiplied by 10cm, an internal fracture network of the sample is generated by a random fracture network calculation program, and then the fracture network is obtained by 3D printing through a transparent resin material.

(2) Bolt 2-2

Is a universal part.

(3) Rubber gasket 2-3

Is a universal part.

(4) Pressure measuring port 2-4

Is a circular hole.

(5) Flow guiding grating plate 2-5

Such as 5-1 and 5-2, and the diversion grating plate 2-5 is a universal part.

(6) Filter screen 2-6

Is a universal part.

(7) Sample holder 2-7

Is square.

3) Control main board 3

The control main board 3 is a controller.

The control mainboard 3, the servo motor controller 1-4, the servo motor 1-1, the gear pump 1-2 and the water storage tank 1-3 are communicated in sequence to control the water flow of the water storage tank 1-3.

The control mainboard 3 is respectively connected with the pressure sensor 6, the flowmeter 4 and the computer to realize measurement and calculation.

It can be seen that the control board 3 mainly integrates three functions:

firstly, a servo loop is formed by the servo loop, a servo motor controller 1-4, a servo motor 1-1, a gear pump 1-2 and a water storage tank 1-3, and the flow rate of water in equipment is controlled by the servo loop;

secondly, the data acquisition module is used for acquiring data measured by the pressure sensor 6 and the flowmeter 4;

and thirdly, the system is used for receiving the computer instruction and sending the collected data to the computer.

4) Flow meter 4

The flow meter comprises three flow meters with different measuring ranges, namely a small-range flow meter 4-1, a medium-range flow meter 4-2 and a large-range flow meter 4-3, and is controlled by a control mainboard 3 and used for measuring the flow velocity of water flow during a test.

5) Solenoid valve 5

The electromagnetic valve control system comprises three electromagnetic valves, namely a 1 st electromagnetic valve 5-1, a 2 nd electromagnetic valve 5-2 and a 3 rd electromagnetic valve 5-3, and the control mainboard 3 sends signals to control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valves.

6) Pressure sensor 6

Two pressure sensors are adopted in the test and controlled by the control mainboard 3, and the pressure difference of the water inlet and the water outlet of the test sample is measured during the test.

7) Microscopic measuring system 7

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the microscopic measurement system 7 comprises a PIV particle imaging velocimetry system 7-1 and a nuclear magnetic resonance system 7-2.

(1) The PIV particle imaging speed measurement system 7-1 comprises 3 PIV high-speed cameras 7-1-1, 1 laser emitter 7-1-2, 1 laser beam expander 7-1-3 and a self-contained program; 3 PIV high-speed cameras 7-1-1 are aligned to the sample device 2 and are connected to a computer through a circuit; laser beams emitted by a laser emitter 7-1-2 are expanded by a laser beam expander 7-1-3, so that a sample is completely under laser irradiation, and 3 PIV high-speed cameras 7-1-1 are controlled by a self-contained data post-processing program to acquire images and data of colored seepage particles in a crack.

(2) The nuclear magnetic resonance system 7-2 comprises 1 nuclear magnetic resonance instrument 7-2-1 and a self-contained program; before the test, the sample device 2 is arranged in a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument 7-2-1, and the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument is controlled by a self-contained program to receive signals; and processing by a computer to obtain image data of each layer.

8) Computer system 8

The computer system 8 includes a computer and a data post-processing program.

The computer is connected with the control main board 3 through a circuit to control the normal operation of each part. Through a data post-processing program of a computer, not only can relevant parameters of the seepage of the rock fracture network be obtained, such as drawing a relation curve of hydraulic gradient and flow velocity, but also drag force coefficients a, b and c closely related to the seepage of the rock fracture can be further obtained, and images obtained by a high-speed camera or a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument can be reconstructed to obtain the microscopic characteristics of three-dimensional flow velocity distribution and the like of the seepage in the sample.

9) Pipe system 9

The pipeline system 9 comprises a pipeline 9-1 with gradually changed pipe diameters and a general pipeline 9-2.

The pipeline system 9 is made of copper pipes or stainless steel pipes, the diameter of the pipeline system is 5-30mm, and sealing washers or hoops are arranged at the joints for connection.

The pipe 9-1 with gradually changed pipe diameter has a round opening at the smaller end and a square opening at the larger end.

The pipeline 9-2 is a circular pipeline with a diameter of 10-20 cm.

The three flowmeters 4 are connected to a common pipeline 9-1 through 3 parallel pipelines with different diameters, wherein the diameters of the parallel pipelines are selected from the range of 5-30mm according to requirements, and the 3 parallel pipelines with different diameters are respectively connected with the upper electromagnetic valve 5 and then are connected with the common pipeline 9-1; the diameters of the pipelines in which the three parallel flowmeters 4 are respectively arranged are different, so that the data of the flowmeters can be conveniently acquired; when the flow is small, the flow rate is large due to the small pipe diameter, so that the flow can be determined by measuring the flow rate when the flow is small, and if the flow rate is too small, the reading cannot be obtained; different pipe diameters are adopted, which is equivalent to enlarging the flow range of the test.

3. The working mechanism is as follows:

the servo motor 1-1 is connected with the gear pump 1-2 through a bearing and a gear system, the servo motor 1-1 is connected with the servo motor controller 1-4 through a wire, the gear pump 1-2 is connected with the water outlet 1-3-1 of the water storage tank 1-3 through a common pipeline 9-2, and the servo motor controller 1-4, the flow meter 4 and the electromagnetic valve 5 are all connected with the control mainboard 3 through circuits to form a circulating servo circuit; the circulation servo circuit controls the opening and closing of the corresponding electromagnetic valve 5 by the control mainboard 3 according to the reading of the flowmeter 4, so that the flowmeter 4 with a proper measuring range is selected to display the flow, and meanwhile, the control mainboard 3 collects the data of the flowmeter 4; when the flow shown by the flowmeter 4 does not meet the requirement, the control mainboard 3 sends a signal to the servo motor controller 1-4, and the servo motor controller 1-4 controls the servo motor 1-1 to change the rotating speed of the gear pump 1-2, increase or reduce the water supply quantity, so that the flow meets the test requirement.

The pipe 9-1 with gradually changed pipe diameter is round at the position with the smallest pipe diameter and square at the position with the largest pipe diameter; the gear pump 1-2 is connected with a pipeline 9-1 with gradually changed pipe diameters through a common pipeline 9-2, and a flow guide grid plate 2-5 and a filter screen 2-6 are arranged at the joint of the water inlet surface and the water outlet surface of the transparent resin sample 2-1 and are fastened through a rubber sealing gasket 2-3 and a bolt 2-2, so that the sealing of the two is ensured, and no leakage occurs.

And a pressure measuring port 2-4 is arranged on a pipeline 9-1 with gradually changed pipe diameters, which is connected with the water inlet surface and the water outlet surface of the transparent resin sample 2-1, and is used for connecting a pressure sensor 6 to measure the pressure difference at two sides of the transparent resin sample 2-1. The pressure sensor 6 is connected with the control main board 3 through a circuit, and the control main board 3 collects pressure difference data at two ends of the sample in real time.

After the water flow passes through the sample, the water flow is connected into the water inlet 1-3-2 of the water storage tank 1-3 through a common pipeline 9-2 so that the test water flows back into the water storage tank 1-3.

Referring to fig. 3, before the PIV particle imaging speed measurement is performed, 3 PIV high-speed cameras 7-1-1 are connected with a PIV particle imaging speed measurement system controller and then connected to a computer system 8, and then a laser beam emitted by a laser emitter 7-1-2 is expanded by a laser beam expander 7-1-3, so that all transparent resin samples 2-1 are in laser irradiation. In the test process, 3 PIV high-speed cameras 7-1-1 can collect microscopic images of seepage in a sample under laser irradiation, and process the collected microscopic images through a data post-processing program 8-2;

meanwhile, as shown in fig. 4, the acquisition of the microscopic image may be performed by using the nuclear magnetic resonance system 7-2. Before the test is started, the transparent resin sample 2-1 is placed in a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument 7-2-1, the transparent resin sample 2-1 is in a magnetic field and a radio frequency field, the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument 7-2-1 records a microscopic image of seepage in the transparent resin sample 2-1 in the test process, an analog signal acquired by the instrument is converted into a digital signal through a data post-processing program 8-2, and the digital signal is processed through a computer 8-1 according to the corresponding relation with each voxel on an observation layer to obtain image data.

Second, observation method

The method comprises the following steps:

1) preparation of test specimens

Obtaining a calculation method of a random fracture network according to a statistical rule, generating random fractures of a sample according to the method, and obtaining the sample required by the test by adopting a transparent resin material through 3D printing;

2) mounting of test equipment

Firstly, connecting a water supply system 1 and a transparent resin sample 2-1 into a circulating servo circuit passage through a pipeline system 9, then installing a pressure sensor 6, an electromagnetic valve 5, a flowmeter 4, a control main board 3, a microscopic measurement system 7 and a computer, and simultaneously completing the circuit connection of all parts;

when a transparent resin sample 2-1 is installed, a flow guide grid plate 2-5 and a filter screen 2-6 are placed on a water inlet surface and a water outlet surface, and then the transparent resin sample is connected with two pipelines 9-1 with gradually-changed pipe diameters, during connection, a rubber sealing pad 2-3 is firstly arranged on a contact surface of the transparent resin sample 2-1 and the pipelines, and then the transparent resin sample is fastened by a bolt 2-2, so that the joint is ensured to be watertight during a test;

3) plant exhaust

Firstly, a circulating servo circuit controls a gear pump 1-2 to pump water from a water storage tank 1-3, water is slowly supplied to the gear pump, most of air in the equipment is discharged, then an air outlet on the water storage tank 1-3 is opened, and the air outlet is closed after residual air in the system is discharged;

4) starting the test;

after the exhaust is finished, changing the rotating speed of a servo motor 1-1 through a servo motor controller 1-4, further changing the water supply amount of a gear pump 1-2, adjusting the seepage flow rate in the test, measuring the related data of the transparent resin sample 2-1 at different flow rates, and simultaneously carrying out image acquisition on the seepage in the crack of the transparent resin sample 2-1 by using a PIV particle imaging speed measurement system 7-1 or a nuclear magnetic resonance system 7-2;

5) data post-processing

The collected images and data are processed by the computer system 8, a relation curve of hydraulic gradient and flow velocity is drawn, drag force coefficients a, b and c closely related to rock mass fracture seepage are further obtained, and velocity distribution of a microscopic flow field in a crack network in a sample captured by a microscopic measurement system can be obtained.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a rock mass fracture seepage microfeature observation equipment based on 3D printing technique which characterized in that:

the device is composed of a water supply system (1), a sample device (2), a control main board (3), a flowmeter (4), an electromagnetic valve (5), a pressure sensor (6), a microscopic measurement system (7), a computer system (8) and a pipeline system (9);

the connection relation is as follows:

a water outlet of the water supply system (1), the sample device (2), the electromagnetic valve (5), the flowmeter (4) and a water inlet of the water supply system (1) are communicated through a pipeline system (9) in sequence to form a closed water flow circulating system;

the control main board (3) is connected with the water supply system (1) to control the water supply system (1);

pressure sensors (6) are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of the sample device (2) for measuring pressure;

the control main board (3) is respectively connected with the pressure sensor (6), the electromagnetic valve (5) and the flowmeter (4) to realize measurement and control;

the microscopic measurement system (7) acts on the sample device (2) to realize observation and collection;

the computer system (8) is respectively connected with the control main board (3) and the microscopic measurement system (7) to realize calculation.

2. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the water supply system (1) is as follows: the servo motor controller (1-4), the servo motor (1-1), the gear pump (1-2) and the water storage tank (1-3) are sequentially connected;

the rotation speed and the flow rate of the gear pump (1-2) are in a highly linear relationship, and the flow rate can be accurately controlled at a millimeter level;

the water storage tank (1-3) is a square container, and a water outlet (1-3-1), a water inlet (1-3-2) and an exhaust port (1-3-3) are respectively arranged on the square container.

3. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the sample device (2) comprises a transparent resin sample (2-1), bolts (2-2), rubber sealing gaskets (2-3), pressure measuring ports (2-4), a flow guide grid plate (2-5), a filter screen (2-6) and a sample support (2-7);

the transparent resin sample (2-1) is connected on the sample support (2-7), the filter screen (2-6), the flow guide grid plate (2-5) and the pressure measuring port (2-4) are symmetrically and sequentially arranged on two sides of the transparent resin sample (2-1), and the transparent resin sample, the flow guide grid plate and the pressure measuring port are connected into a whole through the bolt (2-2) and the rubber sealing gasket (2-3).

4. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the control main board (3) is a controller;

the control main board (3), the servo motor controller (1-4), the servo motor (1-1), the gear pump (1-2) and the water storage tank (1-3) are communicated in sequence to control the water flow of the water storage tank (1-3);

the control main board (3) is respectively connected with the pressure sensor (6), the flowmeter (4) and the computer to realize measurement and calculation.

5. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the flow meter (4) comprises three flow meters with different ranges, namely a small-range flow meter (4-1), a medium-range flow meter (4-2) and a large-range flow meter (4-3), is controlled by the control main board (3) and is used for measuring the flow rate of water flow during a test.

6. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the electromagnetic valves (5) comprise three electromagnetic valves, namely a 1 st electromagnetic valve (5-1), a 2 nd electromagnetic valve (5-2) and a 3 rd electromagnetic valve (5-3), and the control main board (3) sends signals to control the opening and closing of each electromagnetic valve.

7. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the pressure sensors (6) adopt two pressure sensors, are controlled by the control main board (3), and measure the pressure difference of the sample at the water inlet and the water outlet when the test is carried out.

8. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the microscopic measurement system (7) comprises a PIV particle imaging velocimetry system (7-1) and a nuclear magnetic resonance system (7-2);

the PIV particle imaging speed measurement system (7-1) comprises 3 PIV high-speed cameras (7-1-1), 1 laser emitter (7-1-2) and 1 laser beam expander (7-1-3); 3 PIV high-speed cameras (7-1-1) are aligned to the sample device (2) and are connected to a computer through a circuit; expanding the laser emitted by the laser emitter (7-1-2) by using a laser beam expander (7-1-3) to enable all samples to be under laser irradiation;

the nuclear magnetic resonance system (7-2) comprises 1 nuclear magnetic resonance instrument (7-2-1); before the test, the sample device (2) is arranged in a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (7-2-1).

9. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the computer system (8) comprises a computer;

the computer is connected with the control main board (3) through a circuit to control the normal operation of each part.

10. The rock mass fracture seepage microscopic characteristic observation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the pipeline system (9) comprises a pipeline (9-1) with gradually changed pipe diameters and a general pipeline (9-2);

the pipe (9-1) with gradually changed pipe diameters is characterized in that the smaller end of the pipe diameter is a round opening, and the larger end of the pipe diameter is a square opening;

the pipeline (9-2) is a circular pipeline.

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