CN213060214U - Device system for recovering nitric acid through thermal decomposition of nitrate - Google Patents
Device system for recovering nitric acid through thermal decomposition of nitrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN213060214U CN213060214U CN202021793523.3U CN202021793523U CN213060214U CN 213060214 U CN213060214 U CN 213060214U CN 202021793523 U CN202021793523 U CN 202021793523U CN 213060214 U CN213060214 U CN 213060214U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a device system for recovering nitric acid by thermal decomposition of nitrate, which comprises a combustion chamber, a melting tank, a pyrolysis furnace, a dust collector, a fan, a tail gas heat exchanger and a nitric acid absorption device; a jacket layer is arranged outside the melting tank; the combustion chamber is connected to the jacket layer of the melting tank by a first pipe; a second pipeline is also arranged between the jacket layer of the combustion chamber and the melting tank; the melting tank is connected to the top of the pyrolysis furnace through a third pipeline, the combustion chamber is connected to the top of the pyrolysis furnace through a fourth pipeline, and a side discharge hole of the pyrolysis furnace is connected to a feed hole of the dust collector; a discharge hole of the dust collector is connected to a feed hole of the tail gas heat exchanger through the fan; and a discharge hole of the tail gas heat exchanger is connected to the nitric acid absorption device. The device system, simple structure, the manual control degree of difficulty is little, maneuverability is high, and the thermal efficiency promotes greatly.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an industrial raw material processing technology field, concretely relates to device system for nitric acid is retrieved in nitrate thermal decomposition.
Background
Most of metal nitrates can be decomposed into metal oxides, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen under heated conditions, the released oxygen and nitrogen dioxide can be absorbed by water under certain conditions to generate nitric acid, the metal oxides can also be recycled in the fields of nonferrous metal hydrometallurgy and other chemical industries, the low-cost production process is realized, and the mode of recovering the nitric acid and the metal oxides by thermal decomposition of the metal nitrates draws more and more attention.
In practical application, a common device for thermal decomposition of metal nitrate is a rotary kiln, but nitrate is directly conveyed into the rotary kiln for thermal decomposition, so that the problems of nonuniform heating and insufficient decomposition of nitrate exist. Therefore, the operation energy consumption of the system is high, and the recovery rate of nitric acid in nitrate is not high. Therefore, a new nitrate pyrolysis method for pyrolyzing a nitrate thermal fluid by using high-temperature gas as a heat source is researched, the nitrate can be uniformly heated and fully decomposed, and the recovery rate of nitric acid is greatly improved. For example, chinese patent CN109721038A discloses a method for recovering nitric acid by pyrolyzing nitrate, which comprises converting nitrate into a nitrate thermal fluid, pyrolyzing nitrate by using high-temperature gas combusted by natural gas heat as a heat source, circularly heating a part of the mixed gas of the high-temperature gas and the nitrate, and then recovering nitric acid by transferring the other part of the mixed gas to a nitric acid recovery tank. However, in the method, a part of mixed gas needs to be refluxed and heated again, so that the thermal efficiency of the whole device system is low and can only reach about 0.5, and the whole production flow is complicated due to the part of mixed gas is subjected to circulating reflux heating treatment, so that the manual control difficulty is high, and the operability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a: aiming at the technical problems of complicated flow, high manual control difficulty, poor operability, low thermal efficiency and the like in the process of recovering nitric acid by thermal decomposition of nitrate in the prior art, the nitrate is provided.
In order to realize the purpose, the utility model discloses a technical scheme be:
a device system for recovering nitric acid by thermal decomposition of nitrate comprises a combustion chamber, a melting tank, a pyrolysis furnace, a dust collector, a fan, a tail gas heat exchanger and a nitric acid absorption device;
a jacket layer is arranged outside the melting tank;
the combustion chamber is connected to the jacket layer of the melting tank by a first pipe; a second pipeline is also arranged between the jacket layer of the combustion chamber and the melting tank; the combustion chamber is used for combusting gas to obtain high-temperature gas; the first pipeline is used for pumping part of high-temperature gas of the combustion chamber to a jacket layer of the melting tank so as to melt nitrate in the melting tank into nitrate hot fluid; the second pipeline is used for pumping the gas in the jacket layer of the melting tank back to the combustion chamber for secondary heating and recycling;
the melting tank is connected to the top of the pyrolysis furnace through a third pipeline, and the third pipeline is used for conveying nitrate hot fluid in the melting tank to a decomposition channel of the pyrolysis furnace; the combustion chamber is connected to the top of the pyrolysis furnace through a fourth pipeline, and the fourth pipeline is used for conveying part of high-temperature gas of the combustion chamber to a decomposition channel of the pyrolysis furnace;
a side discharge hole of the pyrolysis furnace is connected to a feed inlet of the dust collector; a discharge hole of the dust collector is connected to a feed hole of the tail gas heat exchanger through the fan; and a discharge hole of the tail gas heat exchanger is connected to the nitric acid absorption device.
The device system of the utility model mainly comprises a combustion chamber, a melting tank, a pyrolysis furnace, a dust collector, a fan, a tail gas heat exchanger and a nitric acid absorption device, when the device system is used, high-temperature gas is generated after the gas in the combustion chamber is combusted, the temperature of the high-temperature gas is controlled by controlling the combustion amount, then one part of the high-temperature gas in the combustion chamber is introduced into a jacket layer of the melting tank through a first pipeline for melting the nitrate into hot fluid, the other part of the high-temperature gas is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace through a third pipeline, after the hot fluid in the melting tank is introduced into a decomposition channel of the pyrolysis tank, the high-temperature gas is used as a heat source to directly decompose the nitrate hot fluid into metal oxide and mixed gas, then the metal oxide solid powder and the mixed gas are conveyed to a dust collector for gas-solid separation, and the separated gas enters a tail gas heat exchanger through a fan and then enters a nitric acid absorption device for gas absorption. The utility model provides a device system of nitric acid is retrieved in nitrate pyrolysis, simple structure, the manual control degree of difficulty is little, maneuverability is high, and high-temperature gas directly need not circulation reflux heating as the heat source for in the operation process of whole device system, the thermal efficiency promotes greatly.
Further, the nitrate is one or more of magnesium nitrate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate, ferric nitrate, tin nitrate, lead nitrate and copper nitrate.
Further, the fuel gas is natural gas or coal gas.
As the preferred proposal of the utility model, a stirring device is arranged in the melting tank. The nitrate can be stirred by the stirring device in the heating and melting process to further accelerate the melting efficiency.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the top of pyrolysis oven is provided with spouts the material device, spout the material device with third pipe connection. The material spraying device can enable the nitrate thermal fluid to enter the pyrolysis channel more uniformly, so that the nitrate thermal fluid is pyrolyzed more uniformly and decomposed more fully.
As the preferred proposal of the utility model, the material spraying device is an atomizer.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, be provided with temperature-sensing ware in the combustion chamber. The temperature sensor can observe the temperature in the combustion chamber at any time and adjust the temperature of the heat source gas by controlling the combustion amount.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, first pipeline or/and be provided with the gas flowmeter on the second pipeline, be provided with temperature-sensing ware in the melting tank. The purpose of the melting tank is mainly to heat nitrate into hot fluid, and the temperature in the jacket is controlled by controlling the gas flow in the jacket layer of the melting tank, so that the nitrate in the melting tank can be slowly melted, and the decomposition of the nitrate hot fluid caused by overhigh temperature is never avoided.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the melting tank press from both sides the cover in situ and be provided with gas transmission pipeline, gas transmission pipeline one end with first pipeline links to each other, the gas transmission pipeline other end with two pipelines link to each other.
As the preferred proposal of the utility model, the gas delivery pipeline is evenly distributed in the jacket layer of the melting tank. The evenly distributed pipelines can enable the temperature distribution in the melting tank to be more even, and are beneficial to providing the melting effect of the nitrate in the melting tank.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the bottom of pyrolysis furnace is provided with first row of cinder notch for the solid powder that produces when thermal decomposition of metal nitrate discharges, and/or, the bottom of dust collector is provided with the second row of cinder notch for discharge the solid powder of dust collector separation.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, be provided with devices such as compressor, nitric acid absorbing device, tail gas heat exchanger, nitric acid system, waste heat utilization system of starting to work among the nitric acid absorbing device.
To sum up, owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
1. the device system of the utility model mainly comprises a combustion chamber, a melting tank, a pyrolysis furnace, a dust collector, a fan, a tail gas heat exchanger and a nitric acid absorption device, when the device system is used, high-temperature gas is generated after the gas in the combustion chamber is combusted, the temperature of the high-temperature gas is controlled by controlling the combustion amount, then one part of the high-temperature gas in the combustion chamber is introduced into a jacket layer of the melting tank through a first pipeline for melting the nitrate into hot fluid, the other part of the high-temperature gas is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace through a third pipeline, after the hot fluid in the melting tank is introduced into a decomposition channel of the pyrolysis tank, the high-temperature gas is used as a heat source to directly decompose the nitrate hot fluid into metal oxide and mixed gas, then the metal oxide solid powder and the mixed gas are conveyed to a dust collector for gas-solid separation, and the separated gas enters a tail gas heat exchanger through a fan and then enters a nitric acid absorption device for gas absorption.
2. The utility model provides a device system of nitric acid is retrieved in nitrate pyrolysis, simple structure, the manual control degree of difficulty is little, maneuverability is high, and high-temperature gas directly need not circulation reflux heating as the heat source for in the operation process of whole device system, the thermal efficiency promotes greatly and can reach more than 0.8.
3. The utility model discloses a be provided with temperature-sensing ware in the combustion chamber, temperature-sensing ware can survey the temperature in the combustion chamber at any time to adjust the temperature of heat source gas through control combustion volume. The first pipeline is provided with a gas flowmeter, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the melting tank. The purpose of the melting tank is mainly to heat nitrate into hot fluid, and the temperature in the jacket is controlled by controlling the gas flow in the jacket layer of the melting tank, so that the nitrate in the melting tank can be slowly melted, and the decomposition of the nitrate hot fluid caused by overhigh temperature is never avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for recovering nitric acid by thermal decomposition of nitrate.
Icon: 1-a combustion chamber; 11-a first conduit; 12-a second conduit; 13-a fourth conduit; 2-a melting tank; 21-a third conduit; 3-a pyrolysis furnace; 31-a material spraying device; 4-a dust collector; 5, a fan; 6-tail gas heat exchanger; 7-nitric acid absorption device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a device system for recovering nitric acid by thermal decomposition of nitrate comprises a combustion chamber 1, a melting tank 2, a pyrolysis furnace 3, a dust collector 4, a fan 5, a tail gas heat exchanger 6 and a nitric acid absorption device 7;
a jacket layer is arranged outside the melting tank 2; a stirring device is arranged in the melting tank 2; gas conveying pipelines which are uniformly distributed are arranged in a jacket layer of the melting tank 2, one end of each gas conveying pipeline is connected with the first pipeline 11, and the other end of each gas conveying pipeline is connected with the two pipelines.
And a temperature sensor is arranged in the combustion chamber 1. The combustion chamber 1 is connected to the jacket layer of the melting tank 2 by a first pipe 11; a gas flowmeter is arranged on the first pipeline 11 or/and the second pipeline 12, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the melting tank 2. A second pipeline 12 is also arranged between the jacket layer of the combustion chamber 1 and the melting tank 2; the melting tank 2 is connected to the top of the pyrolysis furnace 3 through a third pipeline 21, the combustion chamber 1 is connected to the top of the pyrolysis furnace 3 through a fourth pipeline 13, a material spraying device 31 is arranged at the top of the pyrolysis furnace 3, and the material spraying device 31 is connected with the third pipeline 21. The material spraying device 31 is an atomizer.
A side discharge hole of the pyrolysis furnace 3 is connected to a feed inlet of the dust collector 4; a discharge hole of the dust collector 4 is connected to a feed hole of the tail gas heat exchanger 6 through the fan 5; and a discharge hole of the tail gas heat exchanger 6 is connected to the nitric acid absorption device 7. The bottom of pyrolysis furnace 3 is provided with first row of cinder notch for solid powder that produces when with metal nitrate thermal decomposition discharges, the bottom of dust collector 4 is provided with the second row of cinder notch for the solid powder of dust collector 4 separation discharges.
The device system is utilized to carry out thermal decomposition on the aluminum nitrate hydrate to recover nitric acid:
aluminum nitrate hydrate is placed in a heating melting tank 2, a combustion chamber 1 is started to burn natural gas, so that high-temperature gas generated by the combustion chamber 1 reaches the decomposition temperature of 450 ℃, meanwhile, a part of high-temperature gas is conveyed into a jacket layer of the melting tank 2 through a first pipeline 11 to melt and heat nitrate in the melting tank 2, and the temperature of the jacket layer is controlled to be 110 ℃ by controlling the gas input quantity of the first pipeline 11. In importing pyrolysis oven 3 with partly high-temperature gas, utilize the atomizer to spout the nitrate hot-fluid into pyrolysis oven 3 simultaneously, the aluminium nitrate hot-fluid carries out the pyrolysis production solid powder and mist in pyrolysis oven 3, then lets in solid powder and mist and carries out the gas-solid separation in dust collector 4, then carries gas through fan 5 and cools down in conveying tail gas heat exchanger 6, then the rethread nitric acid recovery unit carries out the nitric acid and retrieves, and carry out recycle with the high-temperature gas after the cooling. The detection shows that the obtained alumina has the particle size of 3.5 microns and uniform particle size, and the thermal efficiency of the whole nitric acid recovery device system is 0.85.
The utility model provides a device system of nitric acid is retrieved in nitrate pyrolysis, simple structure, the manual control degree of difficulty is little, maneuverability is high, and high-temperature gas directly need not circulation reflux heating as the heat source for in the operation process of whole device system, the thermal efficiency promotes greatly.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A device system for recovering nitric acid by thermal decomposition of nitrate is characterized by comprising a combustion chamber (1), a melting tank (2), a pyrolysis furnace (3), a dust collector (4), a fan (5), a tail gas heat exchanger (6) and a nitric acid absorption device (7);
a jacket layer is arranged outside the melting tank (2);
the combustion chamber (1) is connected to the jacket layer of the melting tank (2) by a first conduit (11);
a second pipeline (12) is also arranged between the jacket layer of the combustion chamber (1) and the melting tank (2);
the combustion chamber (1) is used for combusting gas to obtain high-temperature gas;
the first pipeline (11) is used for pumping part of high-temperature gas of the combustion chamber (1) to a jacket layer of the melting tank (2) so as to melt nitrate in the melting tank (2) into nitrate hot fluid; the second pipeline (12) is used for pumping the gas in the jacket layer of the melting tank (2) back to the combustion chamber (1) for secondary heating and recycling;
the melting tank (2) is connected to the top of the pyrolysis furnace (3) by a third conduit (21), the third conduit (21) being used to convey the nitrate hot fluid in the melting tank (2) to the decomposition channel of the pyrolysis furnace (3);
the combustion chamber (1) is connected to the top of the pyrolysis furnace (3) through a fourth pipe (13), and the fourth pipe (13) is used for conveying part of high-temperature gas of the combustion chamber (1) to a decomposition channel of the pyrolysis furnace (3);
a side discharge hole of the pyrolysis furnace (3) is connected to a feed inlet of the dust collector (4);
a discharge hole of the dust collector (4) is connected to a feed hole of the tail gas heat exchanger (6) through the fan (5);
and a discharge hole of the tail gas heat exchanger (6) is connected to the nitric acid absorption device (7).
2. The plant system for the thermal decomposition recovery of nitric acid of nitrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of the pyrolysis furnace (3) is provided with a material spraying device (31), said material spraying device (31) being connected to said third pipe (21).
3. The apparatus for the thermal decomposition recovery of nitric acid of claim 2, wherein said spraying means (31) is an atomizer.
4. The system for the thermal decomposition recovery of nitric acid of claim 1, wherein a temperature sensor is disposed in said combustion chamber (1).
5. The system for the thermal decomposition recovery of nitric acid according to claim 1, wherein a gas flow meter is provided on the first pipe (11) or/and the second pipe (12), and a temperature sensor is provided in the melting tank (2).
6. The apparatus for recovering nitric acid through thermal decomposition of nitrate according to claim 1, wherein a gas delivery line is provided in the jacket layer of the melting tank (2), one end of the gas delivery line is connected to the first pipe (11), and the other end of the gas delivery line is connected to the second pipe (12).
7. The apparatus for the thermal decomposition recovery of nitric acid of claim 6, wherein said gas delivery lines are evenly distributed within the jacket layer of said melting tank (2).
8. The apparatus system for the thermal decomposition recovery of nitric acid of claim 1, wherein a stirring device is disposed in said melting tank.
9. The apparatus system for recovering nitric acid through thermal decomposition of nitrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace (3) is provided with a first slag discharge port for discharging solid powder generated during thermal decomposition of metal nitrate;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and a second slag discharge port is formed in the bottom of the dust collector (4) and used for discharging solid powder separated by the dust collector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021793523.3U CN213060214U (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Device system for recovering nitric acid through thermal decomposition of nitrate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021793523.3U CN213060214U (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Device system for recovering nitric acid through thermal decomposition of nitrate |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN213060214U true CN213060214U (en) | 2021-04-27 |
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| CN202021793523.3U Active CN213060214U (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Device system for recovering nitric acid through thermal decomposition of nitrate |
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