CN212944618U - Waste treatment device - Google Patents
Waste treatment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212944618U CN212944618U CN202021626808.8U CN202021626808U CN212944618U CN 212944618 U CN212944618 U CN 212944618U CN 202021626808 U CN202021626808 U CN 202021626808U CN 212944618 U CN212944618 U CN 212944618U
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Abstract
Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a waste treatment apparatus including a drying unit, a pulverizing unit, a rotary drying unit, and a far infrared ray treatment unit. The crushing unit is connected with one side of the drying unit. The rotary drying unit is connected with the crushing unit. The far infrared ray processing unit is connected with the rotary drying unit. The utility model discloses processing apparatus among some embodiments utilizes the far infrared that heating and pottery released, can dwindle the volume of discarded object by a wide margin, turns into the product of splendid nutrition and economic value to retrieve heat energy and product and recycle.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to a waste treatment apparatus using a ceramic material to generate far infrared light and treat waste.
Background
The composition of the waste is complex, and at present, the waste is mainly burnt at high temperature (for example, at least 800 ℃) to obtain burning ash with reduced volume and reduce waste space. The incineration ash contains rich elements, but the elements are often difficult to decompose or exist in the form of toxic substances, so the current treatment is mainly buried in a landfill site, which causes long-term harm to the environment.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a device that is directed to waste disposal and that can be recycled.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses in provide a processing apparatus of discarded object, contain drying unit, crushing unit, rotatory drying unit and far infrared processing unit. The crushing unit is connected with one side of the drying unit. The rotary drying unit is connected with the crushing unit. The far infrared ray processing unit is connected with the rotary drying unit.
In some embodiments, the waste comprises incineration ash.
In some embodiments, the drying unit further comprises a plurality of crushing units connected to the other side of the drying unit.
In some embodiments, the device further comprises a magnetic separation unit, wherein the magnetic separation unit separates metals in the waste, and two sides of the magnetic separation unit are respectively connected with one of the plurality of crushing units.
In some embodiments, the drying device further comprises a storage unit, and the storage unit is connected with the crushing unit and the rotary drying unit.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a plurality of conveying units which convey the waste through a specific path in the processing apparatus, and the drying unit, the pulverizing unit, the rotary drying unit, and the far infrared ray processing unit are located on the specific path.
In some embodiments, the far infrared ray treatment device further comprises a heat exchange unit connected with the far infrared ray treatment unit, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises an electricity generation assembly.
In some embodiments, the far infrared treatment unit comprises a reaction region and a heating element disposed at a side of the reaction region, wherein a ceramic material is attached to an inner wall of the reaction region.
In some embodiments, the ceramic material comprises a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a metal silicide, a metal boride, a metal nitride, a metallic element, or a combination thereof.
The utility model provides a waste treatment method, which comprises the following steps: providing waste; drying and crushing the waste; providing a catalyst and a stabilizer; mixing a catalyst, a stabilizer and the dried and crushed waste to form a mixture; providing a far infrared ray processing unit, wherein the far infrared ray processing unit comprises a reaction area and a heating component arranged on the side edge of the reaction area, and a ceramic material is attached to the inner wall of the reaction area; transferring the mixture into a reaction zone of a far infrared ray treatment unit; controlling the interior of the reaction zone to be under an oxygen reduction condition; and heating the reaction zone at a temperature of 100 ℃ to 400 ℃ for no more than 3 hours using a heating assembly such that the mixture located in the reaction zone decomposes to yield a product having a diameter of 200 microns or less.
In some embodiments, drying and comminuting the waste comprises drying the waste by heating the waste at a temperature greater than 300 ℃.
In some embodiments, the step of drying and comminuting the waste comprises drying in a manner that mixes the water-absorbing agent with the waste.
In some embodiments, the water absorbing agent comprises a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metal sulfate, metal sulfide, metal phosphide, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the waste is initially crushed to a particle diameter of less than 100 mm prior to drying and crushing the waste.
In some embodiments, the step of initially breaking the waste further comprises separating metals in the waste.
In some embodiments, the step of drying the waste and the step of shredding the waste are performed simultaneously.
In some embodiments, the step of drying and comminuting the waste comprises drying the waste and comminuting the dried waste.
In some embodiments, the step of drying and comminuting the waste comprises comminuting the waste and drying the comminuted waste. In some embodiments, the heat source of the reaction zone may be recovered for drying the comminuted waste.
In some embodiments, the step of mixing the catalyst, stabilizer, and waste comprises 3 to 5 weight percent of the catalyst, 10 to 30 weight percent of the stabilizer, and 70 to 80 weight percent of the waste.
In some embodiments, controlling the oxygen-reduced conditions inside the reaction zone with the mixture comprises closing the reaction zone so that the reaction zone is not in communication with outside air.
In some embodiments, the composition of the resultant comprises silica, titania, calcium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, alumina, iron oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, phosphorous pentoxide, sulfur trioxide, or a combination thereof.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are examples, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
Drawings
A more complete understanding of the present invention may be obtained by reading the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 schematically depicts a front view of a waste disposal device according to some embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 2 exemplarily depicts a side view of a far infrared ray treatment unit according to some embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 3 schematically illustrates a front view of a waste disposal device according to further embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the disclosure. The particular arrangements and examples shown are meant to simplify the present disclosure and not to limit the same. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formation of a first feature over a second feature described below may include direct contact between the two or the two with additional features intervening therebetween. Furthermore, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or symbols in the various embodiments. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
The terms used in this specification have their ordinary meaning in the art and in the context of their use. The embodiments used in this specification, including examples of any terms discussed herein, are illustrative only and do not limit the scope and meaning of the invention or any exemplary terms. As such, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments provided in this specification.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first component may be termed a second component, and, similarly, a second component may be termed a first component, without departing from the scope of the present embodiments.
As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," and the like are to be construed as open-ended, i.e., meaning including, but not limited to.
First, please refer to fig. 1. FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus 100 for treating wastes according to some embodiments of the present invention, in which a first crushing unit 112, a magnetic separation unit 120, a second crushing unit 114, a drying unit 130, a pulverizing unit 116, a storage unit 140, a rotary drying unit 150, a far infrared ray treatment unit 160, and a collecting unit 180 are sequentially disposed, the side of the far infrared ray treating unit 160, which is not connected to the collecting unit 180, is connected to the heat exchanging unit 170, wherein any one of the conveying units 190a to 190g and the conveying unit 190j can convey the wastes in the processing apparatus via a specific path on which the first crushing unit 112, the magnetic separation unit 120, the second crushing unit 114, the drying unit 130, the pulverizing unit 116, the storage unit 140, the rotary drying unit 150, the far infrared ray processing unit 160, and the collecting unit 180 are located. In some embodiments, conveyor unit 190a is interposed between first crushing unit 112 and magnetic separation unit 120, conveyor unit 190b is interposed between magnetic separation unit 120 and second crushing unit 114, conveyor unit 190c is interposed between second crushing unit 114 and drying unit 130, conveyor unit 190d is interposed between drying unit 130 and crushing unit 116, conveyor unit 190e is interposed between crushing unit 116 and storage unit 140, the delivery unit 190f is interposed between the storage unit 140 and the rotary drying unit 150, the delivery unit 190g is interposed between the rotary drying unit 150 and the far infrared ray processing unit 160, the delivery unit 190h is interposed between the far infrared ray processing unit 160 and the heat exchange unit 170, the delivery unit 190i is interposed between the heat exchange unit 170 and the power generating module 172, and the delivery unit 190j is interposed between the collecting unit 180 and the far infrared ray processing unit 160.
Hereinafter, a method of obtaining a finished product powder having a high nutritional value by treating waste with the waste treatment apparatus 100 will be described with reference to fig. 1.
First, the waste is sent to the first crushing unit 112, and the waste is primarily crushed to increase the contact surface area of the waste and increase the efficiency of the subsequent reduction reaction. In some embodiments, the waste includes, but is not limited to, fiber products, kitchen waste, plastics, rubber, glass, ceramics, or incineration ash from incineration carbonization of an article. In one embodiment, a twin-shaft crusher may be used for the first crushing unit 112 to reduce the particle diameter of the waste to less than 100 mm.
In some embodiments, the transport units 190 a-190 j may include, but are not limited to, belt type transport. It is understood that, since the presence of moisture interferes with the efficiency of the subsequent decomposition reaction at high temperature, it is optional to add a water absorbing agent (such as metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metal sulfate, metal sulfide, metal phosphide, or a combination thereof) to any one of the sections from the conveying unit 190a to the conveying unit 190j to mix with the waste, primarily absorb the moisture of the waste, and simultaneously remove the odor of the waste, so as to improve the efficiency of the subsequent reductive decomposition reaction at high temperature. In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the water absorbing agent when mixed with the waste material may be 1% to 5%, such as 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, or any value therebetween, with a too low water absorption being less effective. In some embodiments, the water absorbing agent is added to any one of the sections of the conveying units 190a to 190j, for example, the section of the conveying unit 190b which sends the waste from the magnetic separation unit 120 to the second crushing unit 114, to improve the water absorbing effect. In some embodiments, the waste may also be initially mixed with the water-absorbing agent before being charged into the first crushing unit 112.
The primarily crushed waste is then sent to a magnetic separation unit 120. The first crushing unit 112 and the second crushing unit 114 are respectively connected to two sides of the magnetic separation unit 120. The magnetic separation unit 120 separates metals in the waste and removes iron to recover directly reusable resources in the waste, thereby improving the resource recovery efficiency.
Next, the waste is sent to a second crushing unit 114 for further crushing. In some embodiments, the second crushing unit 114 may further reduce the particle diameter of the waste to less than 5 mm (e.g., 2 mm to 3 mm on average) using a single shaft crusher in consideration that the waste has been primarily crushed.
The waste is then sent to the drying unit 130 for further drying. In some embodiments, drying the waste may heat the waste at a temperature greater than 300 ℃ (including but not limited to 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, or between any of the foregoing).
The waste is then sent to a comminution unit 116 for further comminution to further reduce the particle diameter of the waste to less than 150 microns, for example 100 microns, 120 microns, 130 microns, 140 microns or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the water-absorbing agent may be added to the size reduction unit 116 such that the weight percentage of water in the waste is less than 5%, such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or any value therebetween, to increase the efficiency of the subsequent reaction.
The dried and pulverized waste is then sent to the storage unit 140 for storage. When a subsequent reaction is desired, the waste is sent from the storage unit 140 to the rotary drying unit 150.
The rotary drying unit 150 may heat the waste at a temperature greater than 300 ℃ (including but not limited to 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, or between any of the foregoing values) to dry the waste.
In some embodiments, in addition to the inlet and outlet of the waste, an inlet 152 may be disposed above the rotary drying unit 150 to facilitate the addition of other additives, such as catalysts and stabilizers, in order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent reduction reaction. The catalyst and the stabilizer have the functions that under the action of high temperature, electromagnetic field or both, the catalyst can catalyze the molecules of the waste to perform reduction reaction, and the stabilizer can react with the molecules of the waste to generate a substance with stable and harmless properties. In some embodiments, the rotating assembly inside the rotary drying unit 150 causes the waste to be uniformly mixed with the catalyst and the stabilizer to form a mixture, while the rotary drying unit 150 heats the mixture at a temperature above 300 ℃ (including but not limited to 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, or between any of the foregoing values) so that the catalyst and the stabilizer can be pre-mixed and initially react with the waste. In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metal sulfate, metal sulfide, metal phosphide, or a combination thereof, such as iron oxide (Fe)3O4) Potassium oxide (K)2O) alumina (Al)2O3) Calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (SiO)2) Magnesium oxide (MgO), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the stabilizing agent comprises a sulfide or other material that can form a stable and safe compound with the waste molecules. In some embodiments, the weight percent of catalyst, stabilizer, and waste in the mixture is 3% to 5%, the weight percent of stabilizer is 10% to 30%, and the weight percent of waste is 70% to 80%.
Then, the mixture is sent from the rotary drying unit 150 to the far infrared ray treatment unit 160, and is subjected to far infrared ray and heat treatment. In some embodiments, the mixture may be continuously input into the far infrared ray treatment unit 160 so that the mixture is subjected to decomposition reduction treatment.
Referring to fig. 2, the far infrared ray processing unit 160 includes a reaction region 162 having a ceramic material attached to an inner wall thereof and a heating element 165 disposed at a side of the reaction region 162, wherein the reaction region 162 and the heating element 165 are supported by a first support 166 and a second support 168, respectively, to stabilize the structure.
The reaction zone 162 includes a first input port 161, a second input port 163 on the sidewall, and an output port 164 at the bottom of the reaction zone 162, wherein a communication channel 167 is further provided for people to get close to the second input port 163 to input temporary or small amount of waste. In some embodiments, the inner wall of the reaction zone 162 is attached with a ceramic material, wherein the ceramic material comprises a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a metal silicide, a metal boride, a metal nitride, a metal element (e.g., aluminum), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the ceramic material may be selected from fine ceramics, such as alumina or zirconium, which are metals, wherein alumina (particularly α -alumina) has better heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and thus can be a more stable ceramic material.
In some embodiments, the heating element 165 may also be disposed directly below the reaction zone 162. However, compared to the case where the heating element 165 is directly disposed under the reaction region 162, when the heating element 165 is disposed at the side of the reaction region 162, the heating height of the reaction region 162 can be increased, the actual reaction volume of the far infrared rays can be increased, and the sustainable operation time of the reaction region 162 can be increased by the separate disposition of the reaction region 162 and the heating element 165.
In some embodiments, the height of the far infrared ray treatment unit 160 may be higher than 4 meters, for example, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 meters or a value in any of the foregoing ranges. In one embodiment, the length and width of the reaction region 162 may be at least 1 meter, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 meters or any value in the foregoing interval, and the height of the reaction region 162 may be at least 2 meters, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 meters or any value in the foregoing interval, which is not limited thereto.
The waste or the mixture can be continuously fed into the reaction zone 162 through the first feeding port 161, and then the heating element 165 is used to heat the reaction zone 162, and the temperature of the reaction zone 162 is controlled to be not higher than 400 ℃, and can be 100 ℃ to 400 ℃ (e.g., 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, 300 ℃, 325 ℃, 350 ℃, 375 ℃, 400 ℃) or any value of the foregoing interval), and the circulation of the external air is prevented by closing the reaction zone 162 or the reaction zone 162, and the oxygen reduction condition of the reaction zone 162 is controlled to reduce the supply of oxygen, thereby improving the efficiency of the decomposition reaction. In some embodiments, a gas vent (not shown) may be provided at the top of the reaction zone 162 to adjust the internal gas pressure and vent the generated gas. In some embodiments, the catalyst and the stabilizer may be pre-charged into the reaction region 162, or the catalyst and the stabilizer may be coated on the side of the reaction region 162, and the waste may be uniformly mixed after entering the reaction region 162, without pre-mixing the waste, the catalyst and the stabilizer in the rotary drying unit 150.
When the reaction region 162 is heated by the heating member 165, the ceramic of the inner wall of the reaction region 162 releases far infrared rays having a wavelength of 2.5 to 30 μm. The far infrared ray is an electromagnetic wave, which can activate molecules to vibrate and collide to generate heat energy, so that the waste is subjected to carbonization reaction, and meanwhile, the catalyst is used for catalyzing waste molecules to accelerate reduction reaction. It is worth mentioning that when the waste is subjected to a reduction reaction, the stabilizer may react with the waste to form a stable and harmless material (e.g. metal sulfide) together with the molecules of the waste. In addition, the ceramics emit electromagnetic waves to generate an electromagnetic field in the reaction region 162, and the electromagnetic field also promotes the organic substances in the waste to undergo carbonization and carbonization reactions, thereby decomposing the organic substances into inorganic substances. Under the reduction reaction of such chain addition, the molecules of the waste can be subjected to carbonization reaction in up to 3 hours (e.g., 1 hour or 2 hours) and decomposed or re-synthesized into products having a diameter of 200 micrometers or less (e.g., 100 micrometers to 150 micrometers). In addition, after the carbonization reaction is performed in the reaction region 162, the newly fed waste can be subjected to carbonization reaction within several seconds, and the reaction speed is increased as time goes up. It is worth mentioning that the heat energy of the reaction zone 162 can be recycled to the rotary drying unit 150 to dry the waste.
In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit 170 may receive heat energy released by the far infrared ray treatment unit 160, and convert the heat energy into electric energy through the power generation assembly 172, thereby providing generation and application of electric energy.
In some embodiments, after the reaction is completed, the reaction product can be delivered to the collecting unit 180 for storage and output to the output port 182 for use when needed.
It is understood that the aforementioned steps of crushing and drying the waste are aimed at increasing the contact surface area of the waste molecules with the catalyst and the stabilizer during the subsequent reduction reaction, increasing the efficiency of the action, and avoiding the generation of harmful substances. Therefore, one skilled in the art can adjust or change the reaction parameters such as the implementation principle, the sequence of steps, the number of times, the equipment, etc., of the drying and pulverization according to the type and state of the waste. In addition, the magnetic separation unit 120 of FIG. 1 is designed for metal separation, and therefore, can be retained or omitted depending on the material source and product requirements of the waste.
For example, referring to fig. 3 of the present invention, illustrating a waste processing apparatus 200 according to some embodiments of the present invention, compared to the waste processing apparatus 100 of fig. 1, the waste processing apparatus 200 omits the functions of the original first crushing unit 112, the magnetic separation unit 120, and the second crushing unit 114, and includes a drying unit 210, a crushing unit 220, a storage unit 230, a rotary drying unit 240, a feeding port 242, a far infrared processing unit 250, a collecting unit 270, an output port 272, a heat exchange unit 260, a power generation assembly 262, and a conveying unit 280a to a conveying unit 280g in sequence. It is also understood that one of ordinary skill in the art can select the appropriate shredder type based on the type of waste and the desired size of the shredded particles to be obtained, and that the "first shredder unit 112", "second shredder unit 114", "shredder unit 116", and "shredder unit 220" may be the same or different from one another.
In some embodiments, the waste to be treated by the waste treatment apparatus 200 may be selected from waste with a small particle size or incineration ash, and when the incineration ash is treated by the waste treatment apparatus 200, the incineration ash may be further reduced into small molecules with a small particle size or elemental products, so that the volume of the products may be reduced to 1/3 of the volume of the incineration ash. That is, the reaction effect similar to that of the waste treatment apparatus 100 can be obtained by using the waste treatment apparatus 200 including a small number of components.
The products obtained in one embodiment, the contents of which are analyzed as shown in Table 1, can be used as building or civil engineering materials, soil-improving materials, agricultural materials (for example, soil-improving materials or fertilizers, such as P2O5) Catalysts for the reduction reaction (e.g., metal oxides), and ceramic materials.
TABLE 1 composition of the product
In some embodiments of the present invention, the effect of the pumpkin and rice planting is obtained by comparing whether the product is added or not. If the product of the utility model is added, the growth of agricultural products is better.
In summary, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for processing waste, which can greatly reduce the volume of waste and convert the waste into products with excellent nutrition and economic value by using far infrared rays released by heating and ceramics, and advantageously, the heat energy of the reaction region 162 and the products can be recycled, the heat energy can be recycled for the drying step of the processing apparatus, and the products can be used as the catalyst and the ceramic material. And solves the problems that the prior waste is difficult to recycle and even pollutes the environment because of high-temperature incineration (the temperature is at least 800 ℃ when a common incinerator burns), high water content and high oxygen content, and the element crystals of incineration ash are damaged, and a plurality of harmful substances (such as substances generated by reaction with water or oxygen) are formed. Therefore, the processing apparatus and the processing method of the present invention provide advantageous improvements at least in terms of environmental conservation, resource conservation, and utilization of renewable resources.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to certain embodiments, other embodiments are possible. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the embodiments contained herein.
[ notation ] to show
100 waste treatment device
112 first crushing unit
114 second crushing unit
116 crushing unit
120 magnetic separation unit
130 drying unit
140 storage unit
150 rotary drying unit
152 inlet of the container
160 far infrared ray processing unit
161 first inlet
162 reaction zone
163 second inlet
164 discharge port
165 heating element
166 first support
167 connecting passages
168 second support
170 heat exchange unit
172 generating assembly
180 aggregate unit
182: output port
190a, 190b, 190c, 190d, 190e, 190f, 190g, 190h, 190i, 190j transport unit
200 waste treatment device
210 drying unit
220 crushing unit
230 memory cell
240 rotary drying unit
242 inlet opening
250 far infrared ray treatment unit
260 heat exchange unit
262 generating assembly
270 aggregate unit
272 output port
280a, 280b, 280c, 280d, 280e, 280f, 280g transport units.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for treating waste, comprising:
a drying unit;
a crushing unit connected to one side of the drying unit;
a rotary drying unit connected to the pulverizing unit; and
and the far infrared ray processing unit is connected with the rotary drying unit.
2. The processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waste comprises incineration ash.
3. The processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of crushing units connected to the other side of the drying unit.
4. The processing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a magnetic separation unit for separating metals from the waste, wherein two sides of the magnetic separation unit are respectively connected to one of the plurality of crushing units.
5. The processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a storage unit connected to the pulverizing unit and the spin drying unit.
6. The processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of conveying units for conveying the waste in the processing apparatus through a path, and the drying unit, the pulverizing unit, the rotary drying unit and the far infrared ray processing unit are located on the path.
7. The processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a heat exchange unit connected to the far infrared ray processing unit, the heat exchange unit comprising a power generation assembly.
8. The processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the far infrared processing unit comprises a reaction region and a heating element disposed at a side of the reaction region, wherein a ceramic material is attached to an inner wall of the reaction region.
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| CN114074107A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-22 | 朱清华 | Waste treatment device and method |
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| CN114074107A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-22 | 朱清华 | Waste treatment device and method |
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