CN212901544U - Low-heat-value gas combustion system - Google Patents
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- CN212901544U CN212901544U CN202021295582.8U CN202021295582U CN212901544U CN 212901544 U CN212901544 U CN 212901544U CN 202021295582 U CN202021295582 U CN 202021295582U CN 212901544 U CN212901544 U CN 212901544U
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Abstract
The application provides a low heat value gas combustion system, relates to low heat value gas processing technology field. A low heating value gas combustion system comprising: the device comprises a combustion chamber, a premixing chamber, a low-calorific-value gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline, a high-calorific-value gas pipeline, a calorific value detection device and a control system. The low-calorific-value gas pipeline, the combustion-supporting gas pipeline and the high-calorific-value gas pipeline are respectively used for introducing low-calorific-value gas, combustion-supporting gas and high-calorific-value gas into the premixing chamber, and the premixing chamber is used for mixing the gases and then introducing the mixed gases into the combustion chamber. The low-heat value gas combustion system can enable the low-heat value gas to reach a continuous and stable combustion state, and can solve the problem of environment-friendly treatment of the low-heat value gas.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of low-calorific-value gas treatment, in particular to a low-calorific-value gas combustion system.
Background
The low-heat value gas refers to fuel gas with the heat productivity less than 6.28MJ/m3, and common low-heat value gas fuel mainly comprises low-heat value tail gas in a chemical process, blast furnace gas, smelting tail gas in a petrochemical industry, coal mine low-concentration gas, coal mine ventilation air, biomass gasification gas, landfill gas, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and the like. The empty discharge of a large amount of low-calorific-value gas in China every year not only causes great waste of resources, but also causes a serious greenhouse effect problem. The total amount of the coke oven gas, the smelting tail gas and the biomass methane which are exhausted in an empty manner every year is about 500 million cubic meters, and the total amount of the coke oven gas, the smelting tail gas and the biomass methane is about 2500 million tons in terms of standard coal, and if the coke oven gas, the smelting tail gas and the biomass methane are utilized, the total amount of the coke oven gas, the smelting tail gas and the. Meanwhile, part of components in the low heating value gas discharged in the air are greenhouse gas, wherein the greenhouse effect of methane is 21 times that of carbon dioxide, and the destruction capability of ozone is 7 times that of carbon dioxide. VOCs can generate organic aerosol through photochemical reaction, haze is caused, photochemical toxic fog is formed, and air quality is affected.
Taking chemical production as an example, the process waste gases (VOCs) generated in the current chemical production process are subjected to harmless treatment by adopting a ground torch combustion mode. The ground torch burner works in an atmospheric combustion mode, and compared with a mature and general industrial blast diffusion burner, the ground torch atmospheric burner has the defects of poor diffusion combustion effect, black smoke emission, excessive CO and the like, and has outstanding safety problems of environmental protection emission and CO poisoning.
Another common means for treating low-calorific-value gas is a Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO) technology, but the components of organic waste gas are complex and unstable, for example, in the fine chemical industry and other industries, the concentration of organic waste gas and the amount of waste gas change intermittently, and the combustion preheating temperature is not easy to control due to the difficulty in adjusting the flow rate of the waste gas, which has a great influence on the safety of the system. Meanwhile, the RTO technology has high combustion temperature, and is easy to generate high-temperature thermal nitrogen oxides to cause secondary pollution.
In general, the prior art cannot safely and stably combust when processing low heating value gas.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the present application is to provide a low calorific value gas combustion system, which can improve the problem of unstable combustion when the current low calorific value gas is treated.
The embodiment of the application is realized as follows:
an embodiment of the present application provides a low heating value gas combustion system, including: the system comprises a combustion chamber, a premixing chamber, a low-calorific-value gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline, a high-calorific-value gas pipeline, a calorific value detection device and a control system;
the low-calorific-value gas pipeline, the combustion-supporting gas pipeline and the high-calorific-value gas pipeline are respectively used for introducing low-calorific-value gas, combustion-supporting gas and high-calorific-value gas into the premixing chamber, and the premixing chamber is used for mixing the gases and then introducing the mixed gases into the combustion chamber;
the heat value detection device is used for detecting the heat value of the gas in the low heat value gas pipeline;
the control system is used for controlling the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline according to the gas calorific value detected by the calorific value detection device.
The control system regulates and controls the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline according to the gas calorific value in the low-calorific-value gas pipeline, and can ensure that a stable combustion state always exists in the combustion chamber, so that the treatment of the low-calorific-value gas has continuity, the low-calorific-value gas can be better utilized, and the pollution is reduced.
An embodiment of the present application provides a low heating value gas combustion system, including: the device comprises a combustion chamber, a first premixing chamber, a second premixing chamber, a low-calorific-value gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline, a high-calorific-value gas pipeline, a calorific value detection device and a control system;
the low-calorific-value gas pipeline and the high-calorific-value gas pipeline are respectively used for introducing low-calorific-value gas and high-calorific-value gas into the first premixing chamber, the combustion-supporting gas pipeline is used for introducing combustion-supporting gas into the second premixing chamber, the first premixing chamber is used for mixing the low-calorific-value gas and the high-calorific-value gas and then introducing the mixed gas into the second premixing chamber, and the second premixing chamber is used for mixing the mixed gas introduced into the first premixing chamber and the combustion-supporting gas introduced into the combustion-supporting gas pipeline and then introducing the mixed gas into the combustion chamber;
the heat value detection device is used for detecting the heat value of the gas in the first premixing chamber or the low heat value gas pipeline;
the control system is used for controlling the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline according to the gas calorific value detected by the calorific value detection device.
The control system regulates and controls the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline according to the gas calorific value in the first premixing chamber or the low-calorific-value gas pipeline, so that a stable combustion state can be ensured in the combustion chamber all the time, the treatment of the low-calorific-value gas is continuous, the low-calorific-value gas can be better utilized, and the pollution is reduced.
In addition, the low heating value gas combustion system provided according to the embodiment of the application may further have the following additional technical features:
in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the control system controls the high calorific value gas pipeline to be closed when the calorific value of the gas detected by the calorific value detection means reaches a threshold value;
and when the gas heat value detected by the heat value detection device is lower than the threshold value, the control system adjusts the gas flow in the high-heat-value gas pipeline according to the heat value detected by the heat value detection device.
By means of threshold control, the supply of high calorific value gas can be effectively regulated, so that the combustion of low calorific value gas can be ensured to be continuous and stable, and unnecessary loss of high calorific value gas is reduced.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the combustion chamber comprises a distributor disk and a porous media material over which gas can pass and combust.
The porous medium combustion technology is realized by adopting the porous medium material, and the method has the advantages of high heat utilization rate, low pollutant emission (ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide), wide lean combustion limit and the like.
In an optional embodiment of the present application, the aperture of the through holes of the uniform distribution disc is 0.2-2mm, and the porosity of the uniform distribution disc is 60% -90%.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the pore size of the porous media material gradually increases along the direction of the gas flow.
In an optional embodiment of the present application, the pore size of the porous media material is 0.5-5mm, and the volume fraction of the porous media material is 20% -80%.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the combustion chamber is in the form of a flat plate or a cylinder.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the inner cavity of the flat plate-shaped combustion chamber is an equal-diameter inner cavity or a diameter-expanding inner cavity.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the gas flow direction of the combustion-supporting gas pipe is perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the low heating value gas pipe and the high heating value gas pipe.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a low heating value gas combustion system provided in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first type of burner head;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second burner head;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a combustor;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a low heating value gas combustion system provided in embodiment 2 of the present application.
Icon: 11-a PLC control cabinet; 12-gas calorific value on-line detection circuit; 13-low heating value gas control circuit; 14-high calorific value gas control circuit; 15-combustion-supporting gas control circuit; 16-a combustion-supporting gas pipeline; 17-high heating value gas pipeline; 18-a low heating value gas pipeline; 19-a swirl disk set; 110-a premix chamber; 111-uniformly distributing discs; 112-porous dielectric material; 21-a PLC control cabinet; 22-gas calorific value on-line detection circuit; 23-a low heating value gas control circuit; 24-high heating value gas control circuit; 25-combustion-supporting gas control circuit; 26-high heating value gas pipeline; 27-a low heating value gas pipeline; 28-a first swirl disc pack; 29-a first premix chamber; 210-a first equipartition disc; 211-a combustion-supporting gas conduit; 212-a second set of swirl discs; 213-a second premix chamber; 214-a second equispaced disk; 215-porous dielectric material; 51-a flange; 52-an ignition electrode; 53-cylindrical porous medium material; 54-gas blanket cylinder.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the product conventionally places when used, and are only used for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to which the reference is made must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present application, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a low heating value gas combustion system, including: the system comprises a combustion chamber, a premixing chamber 110, a low calorific value gas pipeline 18, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline 16, a high calorific value gas pipeline 17, a calorific value detection device and a control system;
the low calorific value gas pipeline 18, the combustion-supporting gas pipeline 16 and the high calorific value gas pipeline 17 are respectively used for introducing low calorific value gas, combustion-supporting gas and high calorific value gas into the premixing chamber 110, and the premixing chamber 110 is used for mixing the gases and then introducing the mixed gases into the combustion chamber;
the heat value detection device is used for detecting the heat value of the gas in the low heat value gas pipeline 18;
the control system is used for controlling the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline 17 according to the calorific value of the gas detected by the calorific value detection device.
The control system regulates and controls the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline 17 according to the gas calorific value in the low-calorific-value gas pipeline 18, and can ensure that a stable combustion state always exists in the combustion chamber, so that the treatment of the low-calorific-value gas has continuity, the low-calorific-value gas can be better utilized, and the pollution is reduced. And because the low-calorific-value gas can be safely and stably combusted, the problems of uneven temperature, high emission concentration of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide and the like of the traditional diffusion combustion method and the RTO technology can be further solved. The low-heating-value gas combustion system is simple in structural configuration, high in operability, high in safety and low in equipment investment cost.
Wherein, the calorific value detection device is the online detecting system of gas calorific value, belongs to mature technique in general technique. The control system is a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) control cabinet 11, in which a gas heat value online detection module and a PLC response control integrated module are arranged, and are respectively connected with corresponding controlled objects through a plurality of lines. For example, a gas calorific value online detection line 12, a low calorific value gas control line 13, a high calorific value gas control line 14 and a combustion-supporting gas control line 15 are arranged, so that cooperative control is facilitated. The combustion-supporting gas pipeline 16, the high-calorific-value gas pipeline 17 and the low-calorific-value gas pipeline are all provided with elements such as an electromagnetic valve, a pressure regulator, a flow meter, a filter, a flame arrester and the like, and are respectively gathered and integrated on the PLC control cabinet 11 by the combustion-supporting gas control circuit 15, the high-calorific-value gas control circuit 14 and the low-calorific-value gas control circuit 13.
In detail, when the calorific value of the gas detected by the calorific value detection means reaches a threshold value, the control system controls the high calorific value gas pipeline 17 to be closed;
when the calorific value of the gas detected by the calorific value detection means is lower than the threshold value, the control system adjusts the flow rate of the gas in the high calorific value gas pipe 17 according to the calorific value detected by the calorific value detection means. By means of threshold control, the supply of high calorific value gas can be effectively regulated, so that the combustion of low calorific value gas can be ensured to be continuous and stable, and unnecessary loss of high calorific value gas is reduced.
The high heating value gas adopted in the embodiment is natural gas, and air is adopted as combustion-supporting gas. Furthermore, a rotational flow disk set 19 is arranged in the premixing chamber 110 to enhance disturbance of natural gas, low heating value gas and combustion air and enhance premixing effect. The directions of the air inlets of the combustion-supporting gas pipeline 16, the high-calorific-value gas pipeline 17 and the low-calorific-value gas pipeline 18 are perpendicular to each other, and the premixing effect among the gases is improved.
In detail, in the present embodiment, the combustion chamber includes the distributor disc 111 and the porous medium material 112, and the gas can pass through the distributor disc 111 and be combusted on the porous medium material 112. The porous medium combustion technology is realized by adopting the porous medium material 112, and the porous medium combustion technology has the advantages of high heat utilization rate, low pollutant emission (ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide), wide lean combustion limit and the like. In this embodiment, the porous medium material 112 is a foamed silicon carbide porous ceramic, and the silicon carbide ceramic material has the characteristics of thermal shock resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance.
More specifically, the aperture of the through holes of the uniform distribution disc 111 is 0.2-2mm, the porosity of the uniform distribution disc 111 is 60% -90%, the tempering problem can be effectively prevented, and the system safety is guaranteed. The pore size of the porous media material 112 gradually increases along the direction of the gas flow. The pore diameter of the porous medium material 112 is 0.5-5mm, and the volume fraction of the porous medium material 112 is 20% -80%. The small-aperture porous material can stabilize flame, the large-aperture porous material can improve combustion power, and the large-aperture and small-aperture combined structure can realize stable combustion with large load ratio. The premixed gas can enter the pores of the porous medium material 112 for submerged combustion, and can generate a preheating effect on gas and air, so that the combustion efficiency is high, the combustion stability is good, the load regulation range is wide, and the pollutant discharge is low. The uniform distribution disc 111 adopted in the embodiment has 0.5mm through holes and 60% porosity; the pore diameter of the porous medium material 112 is 1-5mm, and in more detail, the pore diameter of the small-pore porous medium material 112 used in this embodiment is 1mm, the pore diameter of the large-pore porous medium material 112 is 5mm, and the volume fractions of the two porous medium materials 112 are both 30%. Porous media material 112 structures include, but are not limited to, foam, honeycomb, array, fiber winding, and the like; the material includes but is not limited to alumina ceramics, zirconia ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, chromium-nickel alloy, tungsten alloy and other high temperature resistant materials.
In addition, the combustion chamber can be designed as a flat-plate-shaped and cylindrical burner head for application to a burner. The flat-plate-shaped combustion head can have two structures, namely an equal-diameter inner cavity and an expanded-diameter inner cavity, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the two structures transmit combustion heat outwards in a plane radiation mode. Wherein, the included angle between the inlet cavity of the combustion of the expanding inner cavity and the inner cavity is 30-50 degrees, thereby being convenient for practical use and being beneficial to uniformly distributing gas. Wherein, reference numeral 31 in fig. 2 is a porous medium material, and reference numeral 32 is a uniform distribution disc. In fig. 3, reference numeral 41 is a porous medium material, and reference numeral 42 is a uniform distribution disk.
The cylindrical combustion head can refer to the combustion head style in the combustor shown in fig. 4, the cylindrical combustion head transmits combustion heat outwards in a cylindrical radiation mode, a gas uniform distribution cylinder 54 is adopted in the cylindrical combustion head to realize a uniform distribution function, and the corresponding porous medium is also a cylindrical porous medium material 53. In this embodiment, the tubular burner head of the burner can be mounted and fixed to the boiler body using a flange 51 for application to gas-fired boilers, including hot water boilers and steam boilers. An ignition electrode 52 is arranged on a flange 51 of the combustor and is positioned on the outer surface of the porous medium material 112 and used for igniting mixed gas in the combustion chamber, and after the mixed gas is stably combusted, the ignition electrode 52 is closed. Specifically, the ignition electrode 52 is made of nickel-chromium wire or tungsten-molybdenum material, and can resist 1500 ℃ high temperature, so that the ignition electrode 52 can stably work.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application provides a low heating value gas combustion system, including: the device comprises a combustion chamber, a first premixing chamber 29, a second premixing chamber 213, a low calorific value gas pipeline 27, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline 211, a high calorific value gas pipeline 26, a calorific value detection device and a control system;
the low calorific value gas pipeline 27 and the high calorific value gas pipeline 26 are respectively used for introducing low calorific value gas and high calorific value gas into the first premixing chamber 29, the combustion-supporting gas pipeline 211 is used for introducing combustion-supporting gas into the second premixing chamber 213, the first premixing chamber 29 is used for mixing the low calorific value gas and the high calorific value gas and then introducing the mixed gas into the second premixing chamber 213, and the second premixing chamber 213 is used for mixing the mixed gas introduced into the first premixing chamber 29 and the combustion-supporting gas introduced into the combustion-supporting gas pipeline 211 and then introducing the mixed gas into the combustion chamber;
the heat value detection device is used for detecting the heat value of the gas in the first premixing chamber 29 or the low heat value gas pipeline 27;
the control system is used for controlling the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline 26 according to the calorific value of the gas detected by the calorific value detection device.
The control system can ensure that a stable combustion state is always present in the combustion chamber by regulating the gas flow in the high calorific value gas pipeline 26 according to the calorific value of the gas in the first premixing chamber 29 or in the low calorific value gas pipeline 27, so that the treatment of the low calorific value gas is continuous, the low calorific value gas can be better utilized, and the pollution is reduced. And because the low-calorific-value gas can be safely and stably combusted, the problems of uneven temperature, high emission concentration of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide and the like of the traditional diffusion combustion method and the RTO technology can be further solved. The low-heating-value gas combustion system is simple in structural configuration, high in operability, high in safety and low in equipment investment cost.
Wherein, the calorific value detection device is the online detecting system of gas calorific value, belongs to mature technique in general technique. The control system is a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) control cabinet, a gas heat value online detection module and a PLC response control integrated module are arranged in the control cabinet, and the control cabinet is respectively connected with corresponding controlled objects through a plurality of lines. For example, a gas calorific value online detection line 22, a low calorific value gas control line 23, a high calorific value gas control line 24 and a combustion-supporting gas control line 25 are arranged, so that cooperative control is facilitated. The combustion-supporting gas pipeline 211, the high calorific value gas pipeline 26 and the low calorific value gas pipeline are all provided with elements such as an electromagnetic valve, a pressure regulator, a flow meter, a filter, a flame arrester and the like, and are respectively collected and integrated in the PLC control cabinet 21 by a combustion-supporting gas control circuit 25, a high calorific value gas control circuit 24 and a low calorific value gas control circuit 23. In fig. 5, the on-line detection line 22 is connected to the first pre-mixing chamber 29 to obtain the heating value of the gas in the first pre-mixing chamber 29. It will be appreciated that when the gas heating value of the low heating value gas pipe 27 is to be obtained, the on-line detection line 22 is connected to the low heating value gas pipe 27.
In detail, when the calorific value of the gas detected by the calorific value detecting means reaches a threshold value, the control system controls the high calorific value gas pipe 26 to be closed;
when the calorific value of the gas detected by the calorific value detection means is below a threshold value, the control system adjusts the flow rate of the gas in the high calorific value gas pipe 26 in accordance with the calorific value detected by the calorific value detection means.
By means of threshold control, the supply of high calorific value gas can be effectively regulated, so that the combustion of low calorific value gas can be ensured to be continuous and stable, and unnecessary loss of high calorific value gas is reduced.
The high heating value gas adopted in the embodiment is natural gas, and air is adopted as combustion-supporting gas. Further, a first swirl disc set 28 is arranged in the first premixing chamber 29 to enhance the disturbance of natural gas, low heating value gas and enhance the premixing effect, and then the natural gas, the low heating value gas and the low heating value gas enter the second premixing chamber 213 through the first uniform distribution disc 210. The second premixing chamber 213 is internally provided with a second cyclone disc set 212, so that disturbance of natural gas, low heating value gas and combustion air is enhanced, and the premixing effect is enhanced. The combustion-supporting gas pipeline 211 is perpendicular to the gas inlets of the high-calorific-value gas pipeline 26 and the low-calorific-value gas pipeline 27, and the premixing effect among the gases is improved.
In detail, in this embodiment, the combustion chamber includes a second distributor disk 214 and a porous media material 215, and gas is able to pass through the second distributor disk 214 and combust on the porous media material 215. The porous medium combustion technology is realized by adopting the porous medium material 215, and the porous medium combustion technology has the advantages of high heat utilization rate, low pollutant emission (ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide), wide lean combustion limit and the like. In this embodiment, the porous dielectric material 215 is a foam silicon carbide porous ceramic, and the silicon carbide ceramic material has the characteristics of thermal shock resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance. The porous medium combustion technology is realized by adopting the porous medium material 215, and the porous medium combustion technology has the advantages of high heat utilization rate, low pollutant emission (ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide), wide lean combustion limit and the like.
More specifically, the aperture of the through holes of the uniformly distributed disks adopted by the embodiment is 0.2-2mm, and the porosity of the uniformly distributed disks is 60% -90%, so that the tempering problem can be effectively prevented, and the system safety is guaranteed. The pore size of the porous media material 215 gradually increases along the direction of gas flow. The pore diameter of the porous medium material 215 is 0.5-5mm, and the volume fraction of the porous medium material 215 is 20-80%. The small-aperture porous material can stabilize flame, the large-aperture porous material can improve combustion power, and the large-aperture and small-aperture combined structure can realize stable combustion with large load ratio. The premixed gas can enter pores of the porous medium material 215 to be immersed and combusted, and can generate a preheating effect on gas and air, so that the combustion efficiency is high, the combustion stability is good, the load regulation range is wide, and the pollutant discharge is low. The uniform distribution disc adopted by the embodiment has 0.5mm through holes and 60% porosity; the pore diameter of the porous medium material 215 is 1-5mm, and in more detail, the pore diameter of the small-pore porous medium material 215 used in this embodiment is 1mm, the pore diameter of the large-pore porous medium material 215 is 5mm, and the volume fractions of both the two porous medium materials 215 are 30%. The porous media material 215 structure includes, but is not limited to, foam, honeycomb, array, fiber winding, and the like; the material includes but is not limited to alumina ceramics, zirconia ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, chromium-nickel alloy, tungsten alloy and other high temperature resistant materials.
Also, in the present embodiment, the combustion chamber may be designed as a flat plate-shaped and cylindrical burner head to be applied to a burner. The flat-plate-shaped combustion head can have two structures, namely an equal-diameter inner cavity and an expanded-diameter inner cavity, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the two structures transmit combustion heat outwards in a plane radiation mode. Wherein, the included angle between the inlet cavity of the combustion of the expanding inner cavity and the inner cavity is 30-50 degrees, thereby being convenient for practical use and being beneficial to uniformly distributing gas. Wherein, reference numeral 31 in fig. 2 is a porous medium material, and reference numeral 32 is a uniform distribution disc. In fig. 3, reference numeral 41 is a porous medium material, and reference numeral 42 is a uniform distribution disk. The cylindrical combustion head can refer to the combustion head style in the combustor shown in fig. 4, the cylindrical combustion head transmits combustion heat outwards in a cylindrical radiation mode, a gas uniform distribution cylinder 54 is adopted in the cylindrical combustion head to realize a uniform distribution function, and the corresponding porous medium is also a cylindrical porous medium material 53. In this embodiment, the tubular burner head of the burner can be mounted and fixed to the boiler body using a flange 51 for application to gas-fired boilers, including hot water boilers and steam boilers. And an ignition electrode 52 is arranged on the flange 51 of the combustor and is positioned on the outer surface of the porous medium material 215 and used for igniting the mixed gas in the combustion chamber, and after the mixed gas is stably combusted, the ignition electrode 52 is closed. Specifically, the ignition electrode 52 is made of nickel-chromium wire or tungsten-molybdenum material, and can resist 1500 ℃ high temperature, so that the ignition electrode 52 can stably work.
Example 3
The embodiment of the application provides a control method of a low-heat-value gas combustion system, the low-heat-value gas combustion system comprises a combustion chamber, a premixing chamber, a low-heat-value gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline and a high-heat-value gas pipeline, the low-heat-value gas pipeline, the combustion-supporting gas pipeline and the high-heat-value gas pipeline are respectively used for introducing low-heat-value gas, combustion-supporting gas and high-heat-value gas into the premixing chamber, the premixing chamber is used for mixing the gases and then introducing the mixed gases into the combustion chamber, and the control method comprises:
obtaining the gas heat value in the low heat value gas pipeline;
and controlling the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline according to the acquired gas calorific value.
The specific structure and function of the combustion system controlled in this embodiment can be referred to embodiment 1.
The control method of the low-calorific-value gas combustion system can control supply and cutoff of high-calorific-value gas in real time by acquiring the gas calorific value in the low-calorific-value gas pipeline, and realizes continuous and stable combustion of the low-calorific-value gas. Controlling the gas flow in the high calorific value gas pipeline according to the obtained gas calorific value, comprising: when the obtained gas heat value reaches a threshold value, controlling the high-heat-value gas pipeline to be closed;
and when the acquired gas heat value is lower than the threshold value, adjusting the gas flow in the high-heat-value gas pipeline according to the acquired gas heat value. By means of threshold control, continuous and stable combustion of low-heat-value gas is achieved, unnecessary loss of high-heat-value gas can be reduced, and the method is economical and economical.
In detail, firstly, a low-heat-value gas pipeline is closed, natural gas is introduced to be premixed with combustion air, and the mixture is combusted in the porous medium material and reaches a set temperature (a temperature measuring electrode is arranged on the outer side of the porous medium material to detect whether the temperature reaches the set temperature); and secondly, opening a low-heat-value gas pipeline, and adjusting the flow rate of the natural gas according to the heat value of the gas (if the heat value reaches a threshold value, the natural gas pipeline is closed, and if the heat value is lower than the threshold value, the natural gas is supplemented according to the threshold value of the heat value of the gas as required). By adopting the control method, the low-heat-value gas burner in the embodiment 1 can burn gas with very low heat value, and has the advantages of high burning rate, good stability, large load regulation range (1:20), and low pollutant emission (NOx) in smoke gas<30mg/Nm3、 CO<15ppm), wide combustion limit (the combustible heat value is less than 0.5 MJ/m)3Gas) can be fully applied to a gas boiler.
Example 4
The embodiment of the application provides a control method of a low-calorific-value gas combustion system, wherein the low-calorific-value gas combustion system comprises a combustion chamber, a first premixing chamber, a second premixing chamber, a low-calorific-value gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline and a high-calorific-value gas pipeline; the control method comprises the following steps that a low-calorific-value gas pipeline and a high-calorific-value gas pipeline are respectively used for introducing low-calorific-value gas and high-calorific-value gas into a first premixing chamber, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline is used for introducing combustion-supporting gas into a second premixing chamber, the first premixing chamber is used for mixing the low-calorific-value gas and the high-calorific-value gas and then introducing the mixed gas into the second premixing chamber, the second premixing chamber is used for mixing the mixed gas introduced into the first premixing chamber and the combustion-supporting gas introduced into the combustion-supporting gas pipeline and then introducing the mixed gas into: acquiring a gas calorific value in the first premixing chamber or in the low calorific value gas pipeline; and controlling the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline according to the acquired gas calorific value.
The specific structure and function of the combustion system controlled in this embodiment can be referred to embodiment 2.
The control method of the low-calorific-value gas combustion system can control supply and cutoff of high-calorific-value gas in real time by obtaining the gas calorific value in the first premixing chamber or in the low-calorific-value gas pipeline, and continuous and stable combustion of the low-calorific-value gas is realized.
Controlling the gas flow in the high calorific value gas pipeline according to the obtained gas calorific value, comprising:
when the obtained gas heat value reaches a threshold value, controlling the high-heat-value gas pipeline to be closed;
and when the acquired gas heat value is lower than the threshold value, adjusting the gas flow in the high-heat-value gas pipeline according to the acquired gas heat value. By means of threshold control, continuous and stable combustion of low-heat-value gas is achieved, unnecessary loss of high-heat-value gas can be reduced, and the method is economical and economical.
In detail, firstly, a low-heat-value gas pipeline is closed, natural gas and combustion air are introduced to be premixed in a second premixing chamber, and the premixed gas is combusted in the porous medium material and reaches a set temperature (a temperature measuring electrode is arranged on the outer side of the porous medium material to detect whether the temperature reaches the set temperature); and secondly, opening a low-heat-value gas pipeline, and adjusting the flow of the natural gas according to the heat value of the gas in the first premixing chamber (if the heat value reaches a threshold value, the natural gas pipeline is closed, and if the heat value is lower than the threshold value, the natural gas is supplemented according to the threshold value of the heat value of the gas as required). By adopting the control method, the low-heat-value gas burner in the embodiment 1 can burn gas with very low heat value, and has the advantages of high burning rate, good stability, large load regulation range (1:20), and low pollutant emission (NOx) in smoke gas<30mg/Nm3、CO<15ppm), wide combustion limit (the combustible heat value is less than 0.5 MJ/m)3Gas) can be fully applied to a gas boiler.
In summary, the low-calorific-value gas combustion system and the control method of the low-calorific-value gas combustion system realize the coupling of the gas calorific value online detection module and the PLC response control integration module by adopting the principle of threshold control, ensure the online detection of the gas calorific value and the cooperative control of the flow, the pressure and the ignition operation of each gas pipeline, and enable the low-calorific-value gas to reach the continuous and stable combustion state. The porous medium combustion technology is adopted, and the method has the advantages of high heat utilization rate, less pollutant discharge, wide lean combustion limit and the like. The method can solve the problem of environment-friendly treatment of low-calorific-value gas, comprises coal mine ventilation air methane, coal bed gas, VOCs, blast furnace gas, biomass gasified gas, landfill gas and the like, and has the technical advantages of ultralow emission of nitrogen oxides, stable combustion, uniform combustion temperature, large threshold range of combustible calorific value of gas and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A low heating value gas combustion system, comprising: the system comprises a combustion chamber, a premixing chamber, a low-calorific-value gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline, a high-calorific-value gas pipeline, a calorific value detection device and a control system;
the low-calorific-value gas pipeline, the combustion-supporting gas pipeline and the high-calorific-value gas pipeline are respectively used for introducing low-calorific-value gas, combustion-supporting gas and high-calorific-value gas into the premixing chamber, and the premixing chamber is used for mixing the gases and then introducing the mixed gases into the combustion chamber;
the heat value detection device is used for detecting the heat value of the gas in the low heat value gas pipeline;
the control system is used for controlling the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline according to the gas calorific value detected by the calorific value detection device.
2. A low heating value gas combustion system, comprising: the device comprises a combustion chamber, a first premixing chamber, a second premixing chamber, a low-calorific-value gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting gas pipeline, a high-calorific-value gas pipeline, a calorific value detection device and a control system;
the low-calorific-value gas pipeline and the high-calorific-value gas pipeline are respectively used for introducing low-calorific-value gas and high-calorific-value gas into the first premixing chamber, the combustion-supporting gas pipeline is used for introducing combustion-supporting gas into the second premixing chamber, the first premixing chamber is used for mixing the low-calorific-value gas and the high-calorific-value gas and then introducing the mixed gas into the second premixing chamber, and the second premixing chamber is used for mixing the mixed gas introduced into the first premixing chamber and the combustion-supporting gas introduced into the combustion-supporting gas pipeline and then introducing the mixed gas into the combustion chamber;
the heat value detection device is used for detecting the heat value of the gas in the first premixing chamber or the low heat value gas pipeline;
the control system is used for controlling the gas flow in the high-calorific-value gas pipeline according to the gas calorific value detected by the calorific value detection device.
3. The low heating value gas combustion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control system controls the high heating value gas pipe to be closed when the heating value of the gas detected by the heating value detecting means reaches a threshold value;
and when the gas heat value detected by the heat value detection device is lower than the threshold value, the control system adjusts the gas flow in the high-heat-value gas pipeline according to the heat value detected by the heat value detection device.
4. A low heating value gas combustion system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the combustion chamber comprises a distributor disc and a porous media material over which gas can pass and be combusted.
5. The low heating value gas combustion system of claim 4, wherein the aperture of the through holes of the uniform distribution disk is 0.2-2mm, and the porosity of the uniform distribution disk is 60-90%.
6. A low heating value gas combustion system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pore size of the porous medium material is gradually increased in the gas flow direction.
7. A low heating value gas combustion system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pore size of the porous media material is 0.5-5mm, and the volume fraction of the porous media material is 20-80%.
8. A low heating value gas combustion system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the combustion chamber has a flat plate shape or a cylindrical shape.
9. A low heating value gas combustion system as set forth in claim 8, wherein the inner cavity of the flat plate-shaped combustion chamber is an equal diameter inner cavity or a diameter-expanded inner cavity.
10. A low calorific value gas combustion system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the flow of the oxidant gas duct is perpendicular to the flow of the low calorific value gas duct, the high calorific value gas duct.
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| CN113834064A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Ammonia gas burner |
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| CN113834064A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Ammonia gas burner |
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