CN212881881U - Hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification separation device - Google Patents
Hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification separation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212881881U CN212881881U CN202020845309.1U CN202020845309U CN212881881U CN 212881881 U CN212881881 U CN 212881881U CN 202020845309 U CN202020845309 U CN 202020845309U CN 212881881 U CN212881881 U CN 212881881U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification separation device, which relates to the technical field of hydrogen isotope separation, and comprises a vacuum cold box, a liquid nitrogen cold screen, a refrigerating machine, a cold head heat exchanger, a column top condenser, a rectifying tower and a column bottom reboiler, wherein the liquid nitrogen cold screen is positioned in the vacuum cold box, and the cold head, the cold head heat exchanger, the column top condenser, the rectifying tower and the column bottom reboiler of the refrigerating machine are all positioned in the liquid nitrogen cold screen; the refrigerator is arranged on the vacuum cold box, the cold head of the refrigerator is connected with the cold head heat exchanger, the cold head heat exchanger is connected with one end of the column top condenser, the other end of the column top condenser is connected with one end of the rectifying tower, and the other end of the rectifying tower is connected with the column bottom reboiler. The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: through the vacuum cooling box and the multilayer heat insulation structure of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen, the radiation heat load of a normal temperature environment on the rectifying tower is reduced, and the cold damage in the low-temperature rectifying process is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a hydrogen isotope separation technology field, concretely relates to hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification separator.
Background
The rectification is a separation process for separating each component by utilizing the different volatility of each component in the mixture, and the hydrogen in nature is protium: (1H) Deuterium (1)2H) Tritium (a)3H) Three isotopic forms exist. The low-temperature rectification process has the unique advantages of large treatment capacity, high separation factor and continuous operation.
The boiling points of hydrogen and its isotopes are between 20.38K and 23.36K, the separation temperature is very low (about 20K) and the difference in boiling points is too small (less than 3K), according to the characteristic that the boiling points of the hydrogen isotopes have slight differences, the low-temperature rectification is an effective method for separating the hydrogen isotopes, for example, the patent with the publication number of CN201476466U discloses a device for preparing pure krypton and pure xenon by full rectification, which comprises a liquid pump, a first-stage rectification tower, a second-stage rectification tower, a third-stage rectification tower, a fourth-stage rectification tower and a fifth-stage rectification tower, the liquid pump is connected with the first-stage rectifying tower, the tower kettle of the first-stage rectifying tower is connected with the second-stage rectifying tower, the tower kettle of the second-stage rectifying tower is connected with the third-stage rectifying tower, the tower top of the third-stage rectifying tower is connected with the pure krypton product collector, the tower kettle is connected with the fourth-stage rectifying tower, the tower top of the fourth-stage rectifying tower is connected with the fifth-stage rectifying tower, and the tower kettle of the fifth-stage rectifying tower is connected with the pure xenon product collector. However, in the cryogenic rectification device in the prior art, the normal temperature environment easily causes radiation heat load to the rectification tower, and affects the cryogenic rectification efficiency of the hydrogen isotope.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that normal atmospheric temperature environment easily causes the radiant heat load to the rectifying column among the cryogenic rectification device among the prior art, influences hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification efficiency, provides a hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification separator.
The utility model discloses a following technical means realizes solving above-mentioned technical problem:
the utility model provides a hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification separation device, which comprises a vacuum cold box, a liquid nitrogen cold screen, a refrigerator, a cold head heat exchanger, a column top condenser, a rectification tower and a column bottom reboiler, wherein the liquid nitrogen cold screen is positioned in the vacuum cold box;
the refrigerator is positioned on the vacuum cold box, the cold head is connected with the cold head heat exchanger, the cold head heat exchanger is connected with one end of the column top condenser, the other end of the column top condenser is connected with one end of the rectifying tower, and the other end of the rectifying tower is connected with the column bottom reboiler;
the cold head heat exchanger is provided with a first feed inlet and a first discharge outlet, the rectifying tower is provided with a second feed inlet, the column bottom reboiler is provided with a second discharge outlet, the column top condenser is provided with a third discharge outlet, and the first discharge outlet is connected with the second feed inlet through a first pipeline.
The working principle is as follows: the raw material gas enters the cold head heat exchanger from the first feed port, the refrigerator is a cold source, the raw material gas is cooled in the cold head heat exchanger through heat exchange, and then is introduced into the second feed port through the first pipeline, the cooled raw material gas continuously rises in the rectifying tower and enters the column top condenser, the raw material gas is condensed into liquid in the column top condenser, the liquid continuously flows downwards in the rectifying tower and carries out mass transfer and heat transfer with the continuously rising raw material gas on the surface of a rectifying filler in the rectifying tower, so that the low-boiling-point hydrogen isotopes absorb heat to form gas which continuously rises, the gas is enriched at the top of the column top condenser and flows out from the third discharge port, the high-boiling-point hydrogen isotopes are condensed into liquid, the liquid is enriched in the reboiler at the bottom of the column and flows out. The temperature of the column top and column top condenser and the column bottom and column bottom reboiler is reasonably controlled, so that the rectification process can be continuous, and the effect of separating hydrogen isotopes through low-temperature rectification is achieved.
Has the advantages that: the utility model discloses the device is rational in infrastructure compact, use the refrigerator to provide cold volume for entire system, guarantee that rectification process cold volume is sufficient, reliable, it is stable and high-efficient, adopt the cryogenic rectification method to separate hydrogen and isotope thereof, the refrigerator cold head is in vacuum environment, add liquid nitrogen cold screen multilayer adiabatic structure through the vacuum cold box, reduce the normal atmospheric temperature environment to the radiant heat load of rectifying column, reduce the cold volume damage of cryogenic rectification in-process, the cold volume that makes the refrigerator can the efficient be applied to the rectification separation of two ingredient hydrogen isotopes, the realization is to the separation of protium deuterium component or deuterium tritium component.
Preferably, the vacuum cold box comprises a cold box cylinder and a cold box flange, wherein the top end of the cold box cylinder is open, and the cold box flange is located at the top end of the cold box cylinder.
Preferably, the top end of the liquid nitrogen cold screen is detachably connected with the bottom end of the cold box flange.
Preferably, the cold box cylinder body comprises a first cold box cylinder body and a second cold box cylinder body, the first cold box cylinder body is communicated with the second cold box cylinder body, and the top end of the second cold box cylinder body is detachably connected with the bottom end of the first cold box cylinder body.
Preferably, a first connecting rod is arranged at the top end of the liquid nitrogen cold screen, a second connecting rod is arranged at the bottom end of the cold box flange, and the sections of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are both L-shaped; a hanging rod is arranged between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, one end of the hanging rod is connected with one end of the first connecting rod, and the other end of the hanging rod is connected with one end of the second connecting rod.
Preferably, the second feed inlet is positioned at the bottom end of the side wall of the rectifying tower.
Preferably, the third discharge gate is located the column crown condenser lateral wall, be equipped with the third pipeline on the third discharge gate, the one end and the third discharge gate of third pipeline are connected, the other end of third pipeline runs through liquid nitrogen cold screen top and cold box flange in proper order.
Preferably, a fourth pipeline is arranged on the first feed port, one end of the fourth pipeline is connected with the first feed port, and the other end of the fourth pipeline sequentially penetrates through the bottom end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen and the cold box flange.
Preferably, the second discharge port is located at the bottom end of the column bottom reboiler, a fifth pipeline is arranged on the second discharge port, one end of the fifth pipeline is connected with the first discharge port, and the other end of the fifth pipeline sequentially penetrates through the bottom end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen and the cold box flange.
Preferably, the bottom end of the rectifying tower is provided with a net bag.
The rectification packing is prevented from falling into a column bottom reboiler from the bottom end of the rectification column.
Preferably, the cold head heat exchanger is detachably connected with the column top condenser.
The utility model discloses a theory of operation: the raw material gas enters the cold head heat exchanger from the first feed port, the refrigerator is a cold source, the raw material gas is cooled in the cold head heat exchanger through heat exchange, and then is introduced into the second feed port through the first pipeline, the cooled raw material gas continuously rises in the rectifying tower and enters the column top condenser, the raw material gas is condensed into liquid in the column top condenser, the liquid continuously flows downwards in the rectifying tower and carries out mass transfer and heat transfer with the continuously rising raw material gas on the surface of a rectifying filler in the rectifying tower, so that the low-boiling-point hydrogen isotopes absorb heat to form gas which continuously rises, the gas is enriched at the top of the column top condenser and flows out from the third discharge port, the high-boiling-point hydrogen isotopes are condensed into liquid, the liquid is enriched in the reboiler at the bottom of the column and flows out. The temperature of the column top and column top condenser and the column bottom and column bottom reboiler is reasonably controlled, so that the rectification process can be continuous, and the effect of separating hydrogen isotopes through low-temperature rectification is achieved.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a cryogenic rectification method separates hydrogen and isotope thereof, and the refrigerator cold head is in vacuum environment, through vacuum cold box and liquid nitrogen cold screen multilayer heat insulation structure in addition, reduces the radiant heat load of normal atmospheric temperature environment to the rectifying column, makes the cold volume of refrigerator can the efficient be applied to the rectification separation of hydrogen isotope.
The utility model discloses device compactness rational in infrastructure, cold volume high-usage, liquid nitrogen cold screen pass through jib demountable installation on the cold box flange, and the cold head heat exchanger can be dismantled with the capital condenser and be connected, is convenient for install and dismantle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cryogenic rectification separation apparatus for hydrogen isotopes according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes, which is provided with a vacuum cooling box and a liquid nitrogen cooling screen;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the cryogenic rectification separation plant for hydrogen isotopes of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a suspender of the cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes of the present invention;
in the figure: a vacuum cooling box 1; a cold box cylinder 11; a first cold box cylinder 111; a second cold box cylinder 112; a cold box flange 12; a liquid nitrogen cold screen 2; a refrigerator 3; a cold head 31; a cold head heat exchanger 4; a column top condenser 5; a rectifying tower 6; a net bag 61; a column bottom reboiler 7; a first connecting rod 81; a second connecting rod 82; a boom 83; a third conduit 84; a fifth conduit 85.
Detailed Description
To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention are combined to clearly and completely describe the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
A hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification separation device is shown in figures 1-6 and comprises a vacuum cold box 1, a liquid nitrogen cold screen 2, a refrigerator 3, a cold head heat exchanger 4, a column top condenser 5, a rectifying tower 6 and a column bottom reboiler 7, wherein the liquid nitrogen cold screen 2 is positioned in the vacuum cold box 1, and the cold head 31, the cold head heat exchanger 4, the column top condenser 5, the rectifying tower 6 and the column bottom reboiler 7 are all positioned in the liquid nitrogen cold screen 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the vacuum cooling box 1 comprises a cooling box cylinder 11 and a cooling box flange 12, wherein the top end of the cooling box cylinder 11 is open, and the cooling box flange 12 is arranged at the top end of the cooling box cylinder 11; in this embodiment, the cold box cylinder 11 includes a first cold box cylinder 111 and a second cold box cylinder 112, the first cold box cylinder 111 and the second cold box cylinder 112 are communicated, the first cold box cylinder 111 and the second cold box cylinder 112 are both cylindrical, the top end of the second cold box cylinder 112 and the bottom end of the first cold box cylinder 111 can be detachably connected, the detachable connection mode is the prior art, if flange connection is adopted, the vacuum environment in the vacuum cold box 1 can be realized by a vacuum pump or other prior art.
In this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen cooling panel 2 is cylindrical, an interlayer (not shown) is disposed on a side wall of the liquid nitrogen cooling panel 2, liquid nitrogen is injected into the interlayer, and the whole liquid nitrogen cooling panel 2 maintains a 77K low-temperature environment to reduce a radiation heat load of a normal-temperature environment on the rectifying tower 6.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 6, the liquid nitrogen cooling screen 2 is installed in the vacuum cooling box 1, the top end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen 2 is detachably connected with the bottom end of the cooling box flange 12, the top end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen 2 is fixedly provided with a first connecting rod 81, the bottom end of the cooling box flange 12 is fixedly provided with a second connecting rod 82, the cross section of the first connecting rod 81 and the cross section of the second connecting rod 82 are both L-shaped, the end side wall of the first connecting rod 81 is fixedly connected with the top end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen 2, the end side wall of the second connecting rod 82 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the cooling box flange 12, a suspender 83 is arranged between the first connecting rod 81 and the second connecting rod 82, one end of the suspender 83 is detachably connected with the end of the first connecting rod 81 through a bolt and a nut, the other end of the suspender 83 is detachably connected with the end of the second connecting rod 82 through a bolt and, the number of the first connecting rod 81, the second connecting rod 82 and the boom 83 is set according to actual needs.
The refrigerator 3 is installed on the cold box flange 12, is equipped with the through-hole on the cold box flange 12, and the cold head 31 passes the through-hole and is located first cold box barrel 111, passes through flange joint between cold head 31 bottom and the cold head heat exchanger 4, and wherein cold head heat exchanger 4, refrigerator 3 are prior art.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, a first feeding hole and a first discharging hole are formed in the cold-head heat exchanger 4, the bottom end of the cold-head heat exchanger 4 is detachably connected with the top end of the column-top condenser 5 through a flange, the column-top condenser 5 is a fin-type condenser in this embodiment, a third discharging hole is formed in the side wall of the column-top condenser 5, a third pipeline 84 is installed on the third discharging hole, for convenient collection, one end of the third pipeline 84 is fixedly connected with the third discharging hole, the other end of the third pipeline 84 sequentially penetrates through the top end of the liquid nitrogen cold screen 2 and the cold box flange 12, the other end of the third pipeline 84 is located above the cold box flange 12, a fourth pipeline (not shown in the figure) is installed on the first feeding hole, one end of the fourth pipeline is fixedly connected with the first feeding hole, the other end of the fourth pipeline sequentially penetrates through the bottom end of the liquid nitrogen cold screen 2 and the cold.
The exit end of column top condenser 5 and the entrance point fixed connection of rectifying column 6, its fixed connection mode adopts the welding but not only to be limited to the welding, the second feed inlet is seted up to rectifying column 6's lateral wall bottom, install first pipeline (not shown in the figure) on the second feed inlet, for convenient the collection, the one end and the second feed inlet fixed connection of first pipeline, the other end and the first discharge gate fixed connection of first pipeline, rectifying column 6 is vertical to be placed in this embodiment, pack granular rectification filler in rectifying column 6, rectifying column in this embodiment, the rectification filler is prior art, the top intercommunication of column top condenser 5 bottom and rectifying column 6.
As shown in fig. 1, the column bottom reboiler 7 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the rectifying tower 6, the top end of the column bottom reboiler 7 is communicated with the bottom end of the rectifying tower 6, the column bottom reboiler 7 is fixedly installed by welding but not limited to welding, in order to reduce the volume of the hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification separation device, the column bottom reboiler 7 is located in the second cold box cylinder 112 in this embodiment, and the diameter of the cross section of the second cold box cylinder 112 is smaller than that of the cross section of the first cold box cylinder 111. As shown in fig. 3, in order to prevent the rectification packing from falling into the column bottom reboiler 7 from the bottom end of the rectification column 6, the string bag 61 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the rectification column 6, the material of the string bag 61 is stainless steel, the installation manner of the string bag 61 is the prior art, and the column bottom reboiler 7 is the prior art in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 4, the bottom wall of the column bottom reboiler 7 is provided with a second discharge port, and a fifth pipeline 85 is installed on the second discharge port. For convenient collection, the one end and the second discharge gate fixed connection of fifth pipeline 85, the other end of fifth pipeline 85 run through liquid nitrogen cold screen 2 bottom and cold box flange 12 in proper order, and the other end of fifth pipeline 85 is located cold box flange 12 top.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the feed gas is introduced from the fourth pipeline, the feed gas enters the cold-head heat exchanger 4 from the first feed inlet, the refrigerator 3 is a cold source, the feed gas is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction in the cold-head heat exchanger 4, the raw material gas enters the rectifying tower 6 from the second feeding hole through the first pipeline, the raw material gas continuously rises in the rectifying tower 6 after being cooled and enters the column top condenser 5, the raw material gas is condensed into liquid in the column top condenser 5, the liquid continuously flows downwards in the rectifying tower 6 and performs mass and heat transfer with the continuously rising raw material gas on the surface of a rectifying filler in the rectifying tower 6, so that the hydrogen isotopes with low boiling point absorb heat to become gas which rises continuously, the gas is enriched at the top of the column top condenser 5 and flows out from the third pipeline 84 through the third discharge port, the hydrogen isotopes with high boiling point are condensed into liquid, the liquid is enriched in the column bottom reboiler 7 and flows out from the fifth pipeline 85 through the second discharge port.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment: the utility model discloses a cryogenic rectification method separates hydrogen and isotope thereof, and the cold head of refrigerator 3 is in vacuum environment, through vacuum cold box 1 and liquid nitrogen cold screen 2 multilayer adiabatic structure in addition, reduces the normal atmospheric temperature environment to the radiant heat load of rectifying column 6, makes the cold volume of refrigerator 3 can the efficient be applied to the rectification separation of two ingredient hydrogen isotopes, can separate protium deuterium component or deuterium tritium component.
The utility model discloses device compactness rational in infrastructure, cold volume high-usage, liquid nitrogen cold screen 2 passes through jib 83 demountable installation on cold box flange 12, and cold head heat exchanger 4 can be dismantled with capital condenser 5 and be connected, be convenient for install and dismantle.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification separator is characterized in that: the device comprises a vacuum cold box, a liquid nitrogen cold screen, a refrigerator, a cold head heat exchanger, a column top condenser, a rectifying tower and a column bottom reboiler, wherein the liquid nitrogen cold screen is positioned in the vacuum cold box;
the refrigerator is positioned on the vacuum cold box, the cold head is connected with the cold head heat exchanger, the cold head heat exchanger is connected with one end of the column top condenser, the other end of the column top condenser is connected with one end of the rectifying tower, and the other end of the rectifying tower is connected with the column bottom reboiler;
the cold head heat exchanger is provided with a first feed inlet and a first discharge outlet, the rectifying tower is provided with a second feed inlet, the column bottom reboiler is provided with a second discharge outlet, the column top condenser is provided with a third discharge outlet, and the first discharge outlet is connected with the second feed inlet through a first pipeline.
2. The cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 1, wherein: the vacuum cooling box comprises a cooling box cylinder body and a cooling box flange, wherein the top end of the cooling box cylinder body is open, and the cooling box flange is located at the top end of the cooling box cylinder body.
3. The cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 2, wherein: the top end of the liquid nitrogen cold screen is detachably connected with the bottom end of the cold box flange.
4. A cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 3, wherein: the top end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen is provided with a first connecting rod, the bottom end of the cooling box flange is provided with a second connecting rod, and the section of the first connecting rod and the section of the second connecting rod are both L-shaped; a hanging rod is arranged between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, one end of the hanging rod is connected with one end of the first connecting rod, and the other end of the hanging rod is connected with one end of the second connecting rod.
5. The cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 2, wherein: the cold box barrel comprises a first cold box barrel and a second cold box barrel, the first cold box barrel is communicated with the second cold box barrel, and the top end of the second cold box barrel is detachably connected with the bottom end of the first cold box barrel.
6. The cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 2, wherein: the third discharge gate is located the column crown condenser lateral wall, be equipped with the third pipeline on the third discharge gate, the one end and the third discharge gate of third pipeline are connected, the other end of third pipeline runs through liquid nitrogen cold screen top and cold box flange in proper order.
7. The cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 2, wherein: the second discharge port is located at the bottom end of the column bottom reboiler, a fifth pipeline is arranged on the second discharge port, one end of the fifth pipeline is connected with the first discharge port, and the other end of the fifth pipeline sequentially penetrates through the bottom end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen and the cold box flange.
8. The cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 2, wherein: the second discharge port is located at the bottom end of the column bottom reboiler, a fifth pipeline is arranged on the second discharge port, one end of the fifth pipeline is connected with the first discharge port, and the other end of the fifth pipeline sequentially penetrates through the bottom end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen and the cold box flange.
9. The cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 2, wherein: and a fourth pipeline is arranged on the first feed port, one end of the fourth pipeline is connected with the first feed port, and the other end of the fourth pipeline sequentially penetrates through the bottom end of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen and the cold box flange.
10. The cryogenic rectification separation device for hydrogen isotopes according to claim 1, wherein: the second feed inlet is positioned at the bottom end of the side wall of the rectifying tower.
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| CN202020845309.1U CN212881881U (en) | 2020-05-20 | 2020-05-20 | Hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification separation device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114383383A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-04-22 | 杭州制氧机集团股份有限公司 | Hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification and purification device and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114383383A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-04-22 | 杭州制氧机集团股份有限公司 | Hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification and purification device and method |
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