CN212854351U - Artificial cochlea system based on nerve feedback closed-loop control - Google Patents
Artificial cochlea system based on nerve feedback closed-loop control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a cochlear implant system based on nerve feedback closed-loop control, including external part and implantation part, external part includes portable power source, external signal processing unit and transmission coil, implantation part includes receiving coil, implantation body processing unit and amazing sampling electrode, external signal processing unit includes sound electricity and feedback regulation and control module, power module, hardware acceleration module, sensor module, radio frequency modulation module and storage module, sound electricity and feedback processing module include sound processing module, sound electricity mapping module, amazing spreading-in coding module and feedback spreading-out decoding module; the implant processing unit comprises a radio frequency demodulation module, an auditory nerve signal processing module and an interface module, wherein the interface module comprises a stimulation triggering module and a nerve telemetering module. The utility model discloses the regulation and control mechanism of simulation auditory system, through nerve feedback efferent regulation and control stimulation afferent part, constitute complete closed loop regulation and control, protection and reinforcing are listening to the sense under noise environment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of medical equipment, in particular to cochlear implant system based on nerve feedback closed-loop control.
Background
Nerve conduction in the auditory nervous system of the cochlea involves afferents and efferents, wherein afferents are conducted from the action of hair cells in the cochlea, through the spiral ganglion and its extended axons in the cochlea, to the brain, resulting in hearing. In the case of the patient with sensorineural deafness, the lesion or damage of part of hair cells leads to the blockage of afferent channels, thereby losing hearing. At present, the only means for treating patients with severe sensorineural deafness is to reconstruct an afferent pathway by directly stimulating hair cells and residual auditory nerves so as to recover the auditory sense of the patients. However, the feedback mechanism of the auditory nervous system, i.e., the efferent pathways, cannot be reconstructed yet, and its function is to transmit brain active regulatory signals, which control the sensitivity of the capillaries to sound. The feedback mechanism has proven to have a variety of functions, and one of the important functions is to suppress the noise perception of human ears in a noisy environment and to allow a relatively clear listening of the target sound.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to control the stimulation signal that the cochlear sent through gathering the feedback signal of listening nervous system, constitute one set of complete closed loop regulation and control system, compensated this part of deaf people's disappearance promptly and listened neural regulation and control mechanism, protection and reinforcing user's listening experience under noise environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control comprises an external part and an implanted part, wherein the external part comprises a mobile power supply, an external signal processing unit and a transmission coil, the implanted part comprises a receiving coil, an implanted body processing unit and a stimulation sampling electrode, wherein,
the in-vitro signal processing unit comprises an acoustoelectric and feedback regulation and control module, a power supply module, a hardware acceleration module, a sensor module, a radio frequency modulation module and a storage module, wherein the acoustoelectric and feedback processing module comprises a sound processing module, an acoustoelectric mapping module, a stimulation afferent coding module and a feedback efferent decoding module; the implant processing unit comprises a radio frequency demodulation module, an auditory nerve signal processing module and an interface module, wherein the interface module comprises a stimulation triggering module and a nerve telemetering module;
the portable power source is connected with the power source module, the power source module adjusts the electric energy of the portable power source, and power is supplied at different voltages according to the requirements of the in-vitro signal processing unit;
the transmission coil is connected with the radio frequency modulation module, the transmission coil sends stimulation codes output by the radio frequency modulation module, and the centers of the receiving coil and the transmission coil are both provided with magnets which attract each other to form centering connection;
the sensor module collects ambient sound around the system and sends the collected audio signal to the hardware acceleration module;
the hardware acceleration module is used for preprocessing the audio signal acquired by the sensor, converting the audio signal from a time domain to a frequency domain and then sending the processed sound frequency domain signal to the sound processing module;
the storage module provides a storage unit for the sound and feedback processing module;
the sound processing module processes sound frequency domain signals, namely audio signals, from the hardware acceleration module, and the processed audio signals are sent to the acoustoelectric mapping module.
The sound-electricity mapping module converts the audio signal into an electrical signal of nerve stimulation and outputs the electrical signal to the stimulation afferent coding module;
the stimulation afferent coding module codes data according to a preset communication protocol format to form 16-bit stimulation afferent data, and the stimulation afferent data generates a carrier wave after being transmitted and coded and is sent to the radio frequency modulation module;
the feedback transmission decoding module decodes the neural feedback signal detected from the radio frequency modulation module according to a preset protocol, extracts frequency and amplitude information for analysis, determines a processing parameter in the sound processing module, the frequency information represents a frequency band corresponding to audio processing, and the amplitude determines the signal gain;
the radio frequency modulation module modulates the coded signal and transmits the modulated signal through the transmission coil; meanwhile, feedback information from a receiving coil in the transmission process is detected through a transmission coil, wherein the feedback information comprises a digital signal fed back by an auditory nerve signal processing module;
the transmission coil is connected with the receiving coil to transmit signals and energy;
the receiving coil is coupled with the transmission coil, transmits the received modulation signal to the radio frequency demodulation module, and receives nerve feedback information from the auditory nerve signal processing module;
the radio frequency demodulation module demodulates the signals into stimulation codes, extracts data and sends the data to the auditory nerve signal processing module;
the auditory nerve signal processing module decodes the stimulation code, configures corresponding parameters of a stimulation trigger module in the interface module according to the decoded information, wherein the parameters comprise a stimulation electrode, a stimulation amplitude and a stimulation time, and the auditory nerve signal processing module also receives a nerve feedback digital signal detected by a nerve telemetering module in the interface module, analyzes and compares the signals, and generates a digital nerve feedback signal and sends the digital nerve feedback signal to a receiving coil if the signal is a regulation signal from auditory nerve feedback;
the stimulation triggering module sends electrical stimulation through the stimulation sampling electrode according to parameter configuration, the electrical stimulation is realized through the matching of a current source and a switch, and the electrical stimulation amplitude is realized through adjusting the current of the current source; the stimulation time is realized by controlling the opening and closing interval of the switch; the electrode selection is realized by the control of an electrode switch;
the nerve telemetering module monitors the reaction of the auditory nerve in a preset scanning mode according to parameter configuration and sends the reaction to the auditory nerve signal processing module;
the stimulation sampling electrodes at least comprise two groups, each group is formed by linearly arranging electrode contacts made of 16-60 biocompatible materials, the position of each electrode contact corresponds to the frequency perception of the cochlea, the two groups of stimulation sampling electrodes are respectively arranged on the left ear and the right ear without sequential limitation, one group is used for sending stimulation, and the other group is used for collecting nerve feedback.
Preferably, the magnet arranged in the center of the transmission coil can adjust the magnetism.
Preferably, the sensor module comprises several microphones.
Preferably, the sound processing module processes the sound frequency domain signal from the hardware acceleration module, wherein if no information sent by the output decoding module is fed back, the audio signal is processed according to a preset default mode; if the feedback signal sent by the feedback transmission decoding module exists, the feedback signal is decoded, the feedback frequency band is suppressed according to the information decoded by the signal, the basic amplitude is determined according to the average value of the minimum amplitude in the signal amplitude spectrum multiplied by the signal gain, and the suppression effect is stronger when the gain is larger.
Preferably, the sound-electricity mapping module converts the audio signal into a corresponding electrical stimulation signal according to the frequency spectrum condition of the signal, and then sends the mapped electrical stimulation information to the stimulation afferent coding module, wherein the electrical stimulation information includes stimulation electrodes, stimulation time, and stimulation amplitude, the stimulation electrodes correspond to signal frequency bands and are related to the number of the stimulation electrodes, the frequency range of the audio signal is 0-8000Hz, each stimulation electrode represents a frequency band, the average frequency spectrum energy corresponding to the stimulation amplitude and the frequency band is in piecewise linear mapping, and the higher the energy is, the larger the stimulation energy is.
Preferably, the radio frequency modulation module modulates the carrier wave by a modulation signal of 16 MHz.
Preferably, the auditory neural signal processing module comprises an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and parameters configured in the auditory neural signal processing module comprise sampling precision, sampling rate, gain and scanning mode, wherein the sampling precision is 12 bits, 10 bits or 8 bits; the sampling rate is 2us, 4us, 8us or 16 us; the gain is 400 times, 800 times or 1600 times; the scanning mode is continuous scanning, interval scanning or advanced scanning.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:
the system makes up the defect that the traditional cochlea lacks a closed-loop feedback control method at present. The human auditory system has a feedback function, and after a brain feels sound, the brain transmits a feedback signal to an auditory nerve in a cochlea through a nerve feedback channel to control the sensitivity of the auditory nerve, for example, the response of the auditory nerve sensitive to a noise frequency band is inhibited in a noise environment, so that the communication capacity of a human in the noise environment is improved. The current electronic cochlea on the market only has a forward stimulation path, and the neural telemetry is only used for detecting whether the auditory nerve responds to the electrical stimulation intraoperatively, so that the regulation mechanism with feedback is lacked. The utility model discloses neural signal to feeding back draws and the analysis, finds the noise frequency channel that the brain wants the suppression, suppresses the noise to improve the user's ability of exchanging under the noise. If the extracted neural feedback signal is to increase the sensitivity of the sensorineural nerve, the sound signal is subjected to amplification processing. At the same time, the system is also a risk control for abnormal stimulation of the cochlear system. Once the abnormal sound, such as huge sound, generated by the cochlear stimulation is detected and is transmitted back through the brain feedback, the control can be carried out at the first time, and the further injury to the user caused by untimely or improper treatment of the user is avoided. To sum up, the utility model discloses can improve the speech communication ability of cochlea user under the noise, improve the perception ability to the little sound to reduce the injury that the user caused under the condition of the abnormal sound that the system amazing produced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of the structure of the external part of the cochlear implant system based on the neurofeedback closed-loop control according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural block diagram of an implanted part of a cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the structural block diagram, the external part and the implanted part of the cochlear implant system based on the neural feedback closed-loop control are shown. The extracorporeal part consists of an extracorporeal signal processing unit 12, a mobile power supply 11 and a transmission coil 13. The implanted part consists of a signal receiving coil 21, an implant processing unit 22 and a stimulation sampling electrode 23. The extracorporeal signal processing unit 12 is composed of an acoustoelectric and feedback processing module 123, a power supply module 126, a hardware acceleration module 125, a sensor module 124, a radio frequency modulation module 121 and a storage module 122. The acoustoelectric and feedback processing module 123 is composed of a sound processing module 1234, an acoustoelectric mapping module 1232, a stimulation afferent encoding module 1231, and a feedback efferent decoding module 1233. The implant processing unit 22 comprises a radio frequency demodulation module 221, an auditory nerve signal processing module 222 and an interface module 223. Interface module 223 is comprised of stimulation trigger module 2231 and neural telemetry module 2232.
The transmission coil 13 is connected to the radio frequency modulation module 121 for transmitting the stimulation code. The centers of the receiving coil 21 and the transmission coil 13 are provided with magnets, the magnets attract each other to form centering connection, and the magnets of the transmission coil 13 can be changed in type to adjust magnetism.
The mobile power source 11 is connected to the power module 126 for providing external power to the whole system. The power module 126 adjusts the electric energy of the portable power source 11 and supplies power with different voltages according to the requirements of other modules in the extracorporeal signal processing unit 12.
The sensor module 124 is responsible for collecting ambient sound and then sending the audio signal to the hardware acceleration module 125, and the sensor is typically composed of a microphone or a microphone array.
The hardware acceleration module 125 pre-processes the environmental sound collected by the sensor, converts the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, and then sends the processed sound data to the sound processing module 1234.
The memory module 122 provides a memory cell.
The acoustoelectric and feedback processing module 123 is composed of a sound processing module 1234, an acoustoelectric mapping module 1232, a stimulation afferent encoding module 1231, and a feedback efferent decoding module 1233.
The acousto-electric mapping module 1232 is responsible for converting the audio signal into a neural stimulated electrical signal. The module firstly converts the sound information into the information required by the corresponding electrical stimulation according to the frequency spectrum condition of the signal, and then sends the mapped electrical stimulation information to the stimulation afferent coding module 1231. The information includes information of stimulation electrodes, stimulation time, and stimulation amplitude. The stimulated electrodes correspond to the frequency bands of the signals and are related to the number of the stimulated electrodes. The frequency range of the signal is from 0 to 8000Hz, and the frequency ranges from high to low respectively correspond to different stimulation electrodes, and each electrode represents a frequency band. The amplitude of the stimulation and the average spectral energy corresponding to the frequency band are in piecewise linear mapping, and the higher the energy is, the larger the energy of the stimulation is.
The stimulation afferent coding module 1231 codes the data according to the format of the set communication protocol to form stimulation afferent data with 16 bits in total, and the stimulation afferent data generates a carrier after being transmitted and coded and is sent to the radio frequency modulation module 121.
The radio frequency modulation module 121 modulates a carrier wave by a modulation signal of 16MHz, and transmits the modulated carrier wave through the transmission coil 13.
The feedback transmission decoding module 1233 decodes the neural feedback signal detected by the rf modulation module 121 according to a preset protocol, extracts information such as frequency and amplitude, and analyzes the information, thereby determining parameters corresponding to the processing method in the sound processing module 1234. The frequency information represents the frequency band corresponding to the audio processing, and the amplitude determines the magnitude of the signal gain.
The sound processing module 1234 is responsible for processing the audio data from the hardware acceleration module 125, and if there is no information fed back out of the decoding module 1233, the audio is processed in a manner inherent to the system; if there is a feedback signal from the feedback outgoing decoding module 1233, the feedback frequency band is suppressed according to the information decoded from the signal, the basic amplitude is determined by multiplying the average value of the minimum amplitude in the signal amplitude spectrum by the signal gain, and the larger the gain is, the stronger the suppression effect is. The processed audio is sent to an acousto-electric mapping module 1232.
The radio frequency modulation module 121 modulates the code and transmits the modulated signal through the transmission coil 13; meanwhile, the feedback from the receiving coil 21 during the transmission process is detected by the transmission coil 13, wherein the feedback includes the digital signal from the auditory nerve signal processing module 222.
The transmission coil 13 is connected to the receiving coil 21 of the implanted part and is responsible for the transmission of the modulation signal and the transmission of energy.
The receiving coil 21 transmits the received modulation signal to the radio frequency demodulation module 221 through coupling with the transmission coil 13, and receives the neural feedback data from the auditory neural signal processing module 222.
The rf demodulation module 221 demodulates the signal into a stimulation code, extracts data, and sends the data to the auditory nerve signal processing module 222.
The auditory nerve signal processing module 222 has two tasks, one is to decode the stimulation code and configure corresponding parameters of the stimulation trigger module 2231 in the interface module 223 according to the content, where the parameters include the electrode, amplitude, time, etc. of the stimulation, and the other is to receive the effective nerve feedback digital signal detected by the nerve telemetry module 2232 in the interface module 223, analyze and compare the signal, and if the signal is the control signal from the auditory nerve feedback, generate a digitized nerve feedback signal and send the signal to the receiving coil 21.
The neural telemetry module 2232 monitors the reaction of the acoustic nerve by a set scanning mode according to the parameter configuration, and sends the reaction to the acoustic nerve signal processing module 222. The module mainly comprises an ADC analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and configurable parameters comprise sampling rate, gain and scanning mode. The sampling precision can be 12 bits, 10 bits and 8 bits; the sampling rate may be 2us, 4us, 8us and 16 us; the gain may be 400 times, 800 times, and 1600 times; the scanning mode may be continuous scanning, interval scanning and advanced scanning.
The stimulation sampling electrodes 23 are at least two groups, each group is composed of 16-60 electrode contacts made of fully biocompatible materials in linear arrangement, and the position of each electrode corresponds to the frequency perception of the cochlea. Two sets of electrodes are implanted in the left and right ears of the patient (out of order), one set for delivering stimulation and one set for collecting neurofeedback. The symmetry and the crossability of auditory nerve paths of the left ear and the right ear are utilized by separate implantation, and feedback signals can simultaneously act on the left ear and the right ear; meanwhile, the interference of the stimulation signal to the nerve feedback signal can be avoided. The stimulating electrode and the sampling electrode are designed as universal modules which can be used interchangeably. Each electrode is located at a position corresponding to the frequency perception of the cochlea at that location. The sampling uses a scanning mode, the period is 1 second to complete the traversal, and the scanning can be divided into continuous scanning, interval scanning or advanced scanning. Continuous scanning is sampling using each electrode contact in turn according to the order of the electrodes, traversing all the electrodes for one cycle. The space sweep is a cyclic sweep of n electrodes apart until all electrodes are traversed by one cycle, where n may be any integer from 1 to 6. The advanced scanning method increases the number of times of scanning of the electrode corresponding to the primary frequency and decreases the number of times of scanning of the electrode corresponding to the secondary frequency. The dominant band is centered on a 50-3500Hz mapping.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control is characterized by comprising an external part and an implanted part, wherein the external part comprises a mobile power supply, an external signal processing unit and a transmission coil, the implanted part comprises a receiving coil, an implanted body processing unit and a stimulation sampling electrode, wherein,
the in-vitro signal processing unit comprises an acoustoelectric and feedback regulation and control module, a power supply module, a hardware acceleration module, a sensor module, a radio frequency modulation module and a storage module, wherein the acoustoelectric and feedback processing module comprises a sound processing module, an acoustoelectric mapping module, a stimulation afferent coding module and a feedback efferent decoding module; the implant processing unit comprises a radio frequency demodulation module, an auditory nerve signal processing module and an interface module, wherein the interface module comprises a stimulation triggering module and a nerve telemetering module;
the portable power source is connected with the power source module, the power source module adjusts the electric energy of the portable power source, and power is supplied at different voltages according to the requirements of the in-vitro signal processing unit;
the transmission coil is connected with the radio frequency modulation module, the transmission coil sends stimulation codes output by the radio frequency modulation module, and the centers of the receiving coil and the transmission coil are both provided with magnets which attract each other to form centering connection;
the sensor module collects ambient sound around the system and sends the collected audio signal to the hardware acceleration module;
the hardware acceleration module is used for preprocessing the audio signal acquired by the sensor, converting the audio signal from a time domain to a frequency domain and then sending the processed sound frequency domain signal to the sound processing module;
the storage module provides a storage unit for the sound and feedback processing module;
the sound processing module processes sound frequency domain signals, namely audio signals, from the hardware acceleration module, and the processed audio signals are sent to the acoustoelectric mapping module;
the sound-electricity mapping module converts the audio signal into an electrical signal of nerve stimulation and outputs the electrical signal to the stimulation afferent coding module;
the stimulation afferent coding module codes data according to a preset communication protocol format to form 16-bit stimulation afferent data, and the stimulation afferent data generates a carrier wave after being transmitted and coded and is sent to the radio frequency modulation module;
the feedback transmission decoding module decodes the neural feedback signal detected from the radio frequency modulation module according to a preset protocol, extracts frequency and amplitude information for analysis, determines a processing parameter in the sound processing module, the frequency information represents a frequency band corresponding to audio processing, and the amplitude determines the signal gain;
the radio frequency modulation module modulates the coded signal and transmits the modulated signal through the transmission coil; meanwhile, feedback information from a receiving coil in the transmission process is detected through a transmission coil, wherein the feedback information comprises a digital signal fed back by an auditory nerve signal processing module;
the transmission coil is connected with the receiving coil to transmit signals and energy;
the receiving coil is coupled with the transmission coil, transmits the received modulation signal to the radio frequency demodulation module, and receives nerve feedback information from the auditory nerve signal processing module;
the radio frequency demodulation module demodulates the signals into stimulation codes, extracts data and sends the data to the auditory nerve signal processing module;
the auditory nerve signal processing module decodes the stimulation code, configures corresponding parameters of a stimulation trigger module in the interface module according to the decoded information, wherein the parameters comprise a stimulation electrode, a stimulation amplitude and a stimulation time, and the auditory nerve signal processing module also receives a nerve feedback digital signal detected by a nerve telemetering module in the interface module, analyzes and compares the signals, and generates a digital nerve feedback signal and sends the digital nerve feedback signal to a receiving coil if the signal is a regulation signal from auditory nerve feedback;
the stimulation triggering module sends electrical stimulation through the stimulation sampling electrode according to parameter configuration, the electrical stimulation is realized through the matching of a current source and a switch, and the electrical stimulation amplitude is realized through adjusting the current of the current source; the stimulation time is realized by controlling the opening and closing interval of the switch; the electrode selection is realized by the control of an electrode switch;
the nerve telemetering module monitors the reaction of the auditory nerve in a preset scanning mode according to parameter configuration and sends the reaction to the auditory nerve signal processing module;
the stimulation sampling electrodes at least comprise two groups, each group is formed by linearly arranging electrode contacts made of 16-60 biocompatible materials, the position of each electrode contact corresponds to the frequency perception of the cochlea, the two groups of stimulation sampling electrodes are respectively arranged on the left ear and the right ear without sequential limitation, one group is used for sending stimulation, and the other group is used for collecting nerve feedback.
2. The cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control of claim 1, wherein the centrally disposed magnet of the transmission coil is adjustable in magnetism.
3. The cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control of claim 1, wherein the sensor module includes a number of microphones.
4. The cochlear implant system based on the neurofeedback closed-loop control of claim 1, wherein the sound processing module processes the sound frequency domain signal from the hardware acceleration module, wherein if no information sent by the outgoing decoding module is fed back, the audio signal is processed in a preset default manner; if the feedback signal sent by the feedback transmission decoding module exists, the feedback signal is decoded, the feedback frequency band is suppressed according to the information decoded by the signal, the basic amplitude is determined according to the average value of the minimum amplitude in the signal amplitude spectrum multiplied by the signal gain, and the suppression effect is stronger when the gain is larger.
5. The cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control according to claim 1, wherein the acousto-electric mapping module converts the audio signal into a corresponding electrical stimulation signal according to the spectrum condition of the signal, and then sends the mapped electrical stimulation information to the stimulation afferent coding module, the electrical stimulation information includes stimulation electrodes, stimulation time, and stimulation amplitude, the stimulation electrodes correspond to the signal frequency bands and are related to the number of the stimulation electrodes, the frequency range of the audio signal is 0-8000Hz, each stimulation electrode represents a frequency band, the stimulation amplitude and the average spectrum energy corresponding to the frequency band are in piecewise linear mapping, and the higher the energy is, the larger the stimulation energy is.
6. The cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency modulation module modulates a carrier with a modulation signal of 16 MHz.
7. The cochlear implant system based on neurofeedback closed-loop control of claim 1, wherein the auditory neural signal processing module comprises an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and parameters configured in the auditory neural signal processing module comprise sampling precision, sampling rate, gain and scanning mode, and the sampling precision is 12 bits, 10 bits or 8 bits; the sampling rate is 2us, 4us, 8us or 16 us; the gain is 400 times, 800 times or 1600 times; the scanning mode is continuous scanning, interval scanning or advanced scanning.
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| CN116350216A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-06-30 | 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院 | Cochlear acoustic-electric stimulation interference recording and analyzing device |
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| CN116350216A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-06-30 | 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院 | Cochlear acoustic-electric stimulation interference recording and analyzing device |
| CN116350216B (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-03-19 | 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院 | Cochlear acoustic-electric stimulation interference recording and analyzing device |
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