CN212627218U - Battery management circuit - Google Patents
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- CN212627218U CN212627218U CN202021197433.8U CN202021197433U CN212627218U CN 212627218 U CN212627218 U CN 212627218U CN 202021197433 U CN202021197433 U CN 202021197433U CN 212627218 U CN212627218 U CN 212627218U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model relates to a battery management circuit, battery management circuit includes group battery, fuse, first switch, second switch, third switch, pre-charge resistance, battery management unit, battery control system, current source, backstage monitored control system and AC-DC converter; the battery pack, the current source, the fuse, the first switch and the second switch are connected in series; the third switch is connected in series with the pre-charging resistor and is connected with the second switch in parallel; the output end of the battery management unit is connected with the input end of the battery control system; the battery control system is respectively connected with the control ends of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch and is connected with commercial power through the AC-DC converter; the background monitoring system is connected with the battery control system. The utility model discloses, the problem of the actual available capacity of group battery that the battery capacity uniformity leads to reduces has been solved, has improved the life of battery, and is safer.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a battery management technology field especially relates to a battery management circuit.
Background
With the continuous progress of the technology level and the improvement of the mechanical automation degree, various electric devices are gradually increased, and the battery industry is rapidly developed. In order to meet the requirements of various electric devices, the capacity of the battery is increased, and a battery management circuit is generally configured to ensure the safety of the electric devices when the battery is used.
Currently, battery management circuits monitor the voltage of each battery or each subset of batteries, depending on the implementation, disconnect the load when the voltage of any one battery drops below a predetermined value, and during charging, when any one battery reaches a predetermined voltage, the shunt is activated, the battery bypasses some of the charging current, and charging continues. When the cell stack voltage reaches a predetermined value, the charging is terminated. Battery chargers typically use some form of voltage transfer switch and a current limiter having a positive terminal and a negative terminal.
Battery-powered devices such as cordless tools, electric vehicles and backup power systems UPS typically use a series of multiplexed batteries that increase output voltage for reduced current operation for a given output power. The increased voltage is used to match those available at low cost to create an application circuit. This series of connected cell stacks allows each cell to use the same current when charging or discharging. The individual cells in a typical battery pack are all designed to be identical cells, but there are manufacturing tolerances and the cells do not necessarily have the same capacity. When charging such an imperfect pack, the smallest capacity battery will be fully charged before the other batteries are fully charged, overcharging will damage the batteries and severely shorten battery life, and to prevent overcharging, the voltage in each battery is monitored, and when the battery voltage reaches a predetermined value, charging is stopped or a shunt is activated, which will cause current to bypass a partially fully charged battery, thereby preventing overcharging when the other, less fully charged, batteries continue to be charged.
The same voltage monitoring circuit will disconnect any cell voltage falling below a predetermined value when the battery pack is over discharged. It is not necessary that a weak battery in a series of battery packs be exhausted before other batteries, that when a battery is over-discharged and still connected to a load, the other batteries will provide current to the load, that the voltage will release to remain discharged, and that the discharge will eventually end to prevent a weak battery from undergoing an acute reversal and becoming destroyed.
If there is a battery of 10A capacity and a weak battery of 9A capacity in the circuit, the shunting of the 9A battery electricity is activated during charging, while the other batteries will continue to charge until all the batteries are fully charged, and during discharging the 9A battery will first run out and its internal voltage will begin to drop, as there will still be 1A in the other batteries, so they continue to supply current, which will pass through the 9A battery and attempt to further stop discharging because of this series of connections. When the voltage remains low, the battery management circuit detects that the 9A battery has some very low current through it and no load is connected, and as a result, the battery pack can only supply the energy of the 9A battery because of this protective action, in other words, the total battery capacity drops to the capacity of the weakest battery.
Manufacturers have taken such individual batteries as a typical, identical capacity battery when assembling the battery pack. This allows all of the cells to be discharged at about the same time. The cells are combined and placed according to their measured capacities. For example: if a 10A package is made, the individual cells in the package are arranged in categories, such as 9.7A versus 9.8A, 9.8A versus 9.9A, 10A versus 10.1A, 10.1A versus 10.2A, 10.2A versus 10.3A, and the package is then assembled with cells from the same device. However, such an assembly still cannot guarantee that all the batteries in the battery pack are completely used up.
As can be seen from the above description, in the prior art, the battery management circuit in the battery pack system connected in series to form a group can only monitor the voltage of the battery in the battery pack, when the battery pack discharges, the battery management circuit immediately stops discharging when the voltage of the first battery in the battery pack drops to a predetermined value, and the capacity of the entire battery pack system is determined by the cell with the smallest capacity, that is, the consistency of the battery capacity affects the performance of the entire battery pack, which results in the decrease of the actual available capacity of the battery pack and also reduces the service life of the battery.
Therefore, it is desirable to design a battery management circuit that can solve the above problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at the problem that prior art exists, provide a simple structure and can carry out real time monitoring, charge-discharge, balanced, the battery management circuit who patrols and examines, temperature monitoring etc. to battery monomer and whole group battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a battery management circuit, which includes a battery pack, a fuse, a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a pre-charging resistor, a battery management unit, a battery control system, a current source, a background monitoring system, and an AC-DC converter;
the battery pack, the current source, the fuse, the first switch and the second switch are connected in series; the third switch is connected in series with the pre-charging resistor and is connected with the second switch in parallel; the output end of the battery management unit is connected with the input end of the battery control system; the battery control system is respectively connected with the control ends of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch and is connected with commercial power through the AC-DC converter; the background monitoring system is connected with the battery control system.
Preferably, the battery control system comprises an inter-battery-group balancing module, a first self-checking module and a first memory; the first self-checking module is connected with the first memory;
the battery pack balancing module is used for balancing the electric quantity among the battery packs; the first self-checking module automatically detects the battery control system and generates a system self-checking result; the first memory stores the system self-test result.
Further preferably, the battery management unit includes an in-battery balancing module, a second self-checking module and a second memory; the second self-checking module is connected with the second memory;
the battery pack internal balancing module is used for balancing the internal electric quantity of the battery monomer in the battery pack; the second self-checking module automatically detects the battery management unit and generates a unit self-checking result; the second memory stores the unit self-test result.
Preferably, the battery management circuit further comprises a screen, and the screen is connected with the battery control system.
Preferably, the battery management circuit further comprises a voltage acquisition circuit; the voltage acquisition circuit is respectively connected with the battery pack and the battery management unit.
Preferably, the battery management circuit further comprises a temperature acquisition circuit; the temperature acquisition circuit is respectively connected with the battery pack and the battery management unit.
Preferably, the battery management circuit further comprises a CAN communication circuit; the CAN communication circuit is respectively connected with the battery control system and the battery management unit.
Preferably, RS-485 communication is adopted between the battery control system and the background monitoring.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery management circuit, adopt battery management unit and battery control system's two-stage BMS management scheme, battery management unit manages the battery module, battery control system is used for controlling and managing the battery group cluster, carry out real time monitoring, charge-discharge, balanced, patrol and examine, temperature monitoring etc. to battery cell and whole group battery, thus can manage multiunit battery simultaneously, detect all battery cell voltages in every group, group battery total current, multichannel ambient temperature etc. simultaneously, battery management unit and battery control system in the battery management circuit of this application can realize in the group battery, the passive equalization control between the battery group, even if be equipped with the battery that the capacity is different in the group battery, when the group battery cluster charges, all batteries all can be fully filled and the low capacity battery overcharge phenomenon can not appear, when the group battery cluster discharges, all batteries will exhaust simultaneously, the problem of the actual available capacity of group battery reduction that battery capacity uniformity leads to has been solved, has improved the life of battery, and is safer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an operating principle of a battery management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the following description of the specific embodiments is intended to illustrate and not to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery management circuit that provides, simple structure can carry out real time monitoring, charge-discharge, equilibrium, patrol and examine, temperature monitoring etc. to battery cell and whole group battery, can manage the multiunit battery, detects all battery cell voltage, group battery total current, multichannel ambient temperature etc. in every group to solved the problem that the group battery was crossed to fill and is put among the prior art, improved the life of battery, safe in utilization.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an operating principle of a battery management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The various components of the battery management circuit and their connections are described below with reference to fig. 1.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery management circuit includes group battery 1, fuse 2, first switch 3, second switch 4, third switch 5, pre-charge resistance 6, battery management unit 7, battery control system 8, backstage monitored control system 9, current source 10, AC-DC converter 11 and screen 12.
Specifically, the battery pack 1, the fuse 2, the first switch 3, and the second switch 4 are connected in series, and the third switch 5 and the pre-charging resistor 6 are connected in series and connected in parallel with the second switch 4. A circuit composed of the battery pack 1, the fuse 2, the first switch 3, the second switch 4, the third switch 5 and the pre-charging resistor 6 is connected in series at two ends of an energy storage converter (PCS), and the PCS is connected with a Power grid. Preferably, the battery pack 1, the fuse 2, the first switch 3, and the second switch 4 are sequentially connected in series, and the negative electrode of the battery pack 1 is connected to the PCS.
It should be understood that the battery packs 1 may be one or more, and the number of the battery management units 7 corresponds to the number of the battery packs 1, as shown in fig. 1, only one battery pack 1 is shown. When the battery management circuit is applied to a battery management system of a battery pack string, a plurality of groups of battery packs 1 are connected in a series circuit, a plurality of battery management units 7 are correspondingly arranged, and each group of battery packs 1 corresponds to each battery management unit 7 respectively, so that the control and management of single batteries in the battery packs 1 are facilitated.
The battery management circuit adopts a two-stage BMS management scheme combining the battery management unit 7 and the battery control system 8, namely a master-slave scheme, the battery management unit 7 serves as a slave, the battery module management unit is managed, and the battery control system 8 serves as a master, so that battery pack strings are controlled and managed.
The output end of the battery management unit 7 is connected with the input end of the battery control system 8, and is used for collecting voltage data, current data and temperature data of the battery pack 1 and sending the voltage data, the current data and the temperature data to the battery control system 8.
Preferably, the battery control system 8 is connected with the battery management unit 7 through a CAN communication circuit, and the CAN communication circuit is used for providing an interface for data transmission between the battery management unit 7 and the battery control system 8, so that multi-node information communication CAN be realized only by using two hinged wires, and the wire connection between the two nodes is greatly reduced. In a specific implementation, the high side and the low side of the CAN interface of the battery control system 8 are connected to the high side CAN1H and the low side CAN1L of the CAN bus of the battery management unit 7, respectively.
Further, for the collection that realizes 1 voltage data of group battery and temperature data, the embodiment of the utility model provides a battery management circuit still includes voltage acquisition circuit (not shown in the figure) and temperature acquisition circuit (not shown in the figure). The voltage acquisition circuit is respectively connected with the battery pack 1 and the battery management unit 7 and is used for acquiring voltage data of a plurality of single batteries in the battery pack 1 and sending the voltage data to the battery management unit 7, and in detail, the voltage acquisition circuit is used for detecting the divided voltage of each single battery in the battery pack and collecting the detected voltage data by the battery management unit 7. The temperature acquisition circuit is connected with battery pack 1 and battery management unit 7 respectively, and the temperature acquisition circuit is arranged in gathering the temperature data of a plurality of battery cells in battery pack 1 to with temperature data transmission to battery management unit 7, in detail, the temperature of temperature acquisition circuit detection group battery to the temperature data that detect is collected by battery management unit 7.
In addition, the battery management circuit of the present application further includes a current source 10, the current source 10 is connected in series with the battery pack 1, and the battery management unit 7 collects current data of the battery pack 1 through the current source 10. In detail, the current source 10 is connected in series in the current loop, the on-resistance in the current source 10 is controlled in real time by the output current when passing through the sampling and negative feedback circuit, the on-resistance in the current source 10 increases when the trend of increasing the loop current occurs due to the decrease of the load resistance or the increase of the loop voltage, and the on-resistance in the current source 10 decreases when the trend of decreasing the loop current occurs due to the increase of the load resistance or the decrease of the loop voltage, thereby maintaining the stability of the loop current.
The battery control system 8 is a central processing unit in the battery management circuit, and is respectively connected to the control terminals of the first switch 3, the second switch 4 and the third switch 5, so as to control the on and off of the first switch 3, the second switch 4 and the third switch 5, thereby controlling and managing the battery string.
Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem of reduction of the actual available capacity of the battery pack caused by consistency of battery capacity in the prior art, the battery control system 8 and the battery management unit 7 both adopt an intelligent technology of passive balance control. The battery management unit 7 collects the state information of each single battery in the battery pack, and performs in-pack electric quantity balancing on the single batteries in the battery pack according to the state information of the single batteries, and the battery control system 8 acquires the total state information of each battery pack from the battery management unit 7 and performs in-pack electric quantity balancing on the battery pack according to the total state information of the battery pack.
In addition, the battery management circuit further comprises a background monitoring system 9, an AC-DC converter 11 and a screen 12.
The battery control system 8 is respectively connected with a background monitoring system 9, an AC-DC converter 11 and a screen 12, wherein the background monitoring system 9 is used for monitoring the battery management circuit, the battery control system 8 is connected with a mains supply through the AC-DC converter 11, and the screen 12 is used for displaying voltage data, current data and temperature data and inputting an operation instruction to the battery control system 8. Preferably, RS-485 communication is adopted between the battery control system 8 and the background monitoring.
In addition, in order to ensure the safety of the battery pack during use, the battery management circuit further has the functions of real-time monitoring, routing inspection and the like. In a specific embodiment, the battery control system 8 includes a first self-test module and a first memory, and the first self-test module is configured to automatically test the battery control system 8, generate a system self-test result, and store the system self-test result in the first memory, so as to record and query system self-test information. Correspondingly, the battery management unit 7 comprises a second self-checking module and a second memory, the second self-checking module is used for automatically detecting the battery management unit 7 and generating a unit self-checking result, and the unit self-checking result is stored in the second memory, so that the recording of unit self-checking information is realized, and the inquiry can be realized.
The components of the battery management circuit and the connection relationship between the components have been described above, and the main functions of the battery management circuit are described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
1. Communication function
The BMS may communicate both internally and with external back-ends. Further specifically, CAN communication is adopted inside, and RS485 communication is adopted outside.
1.1, downstream communication
The battery control system 8 collects battery string information, i.e., total state information of each battery pack and state information of each battery cell in the battery pack, including information of total voltage, total current, temperature, and the like, as well as voltage and temperature information of the battery cells in the battery pack, in a downward communication manner.
1.2, uplink communication
The battery control system 8 reports the battery string information and the information of each battery to the screen 12 or an upper computer such as an EMS (enhanced message service) and the background monitoring system 9.
2. Alarm protection
The battery management circuit of the application makes different battery alarm protection parameters according to different application environments, different battery manufacturers and different battery types. Depending on the setting of different parameters, the battery control system 8 triggers different types of alarms and protection events and gives an alarm via an alarm system in the screen 12. The main alarm types and the main protection types are listed below.
The main alarm types are: the method comprises the following steps of battery pack string overvoltage alarm, battery pack string undervoltage alarm, battery pack string overcurrent alarm, single battery overvoltage alarm, single battery undervoltage alarm, single battery overcurrent alarm, single battery overtemperature alarm and single battery low-temperature alarm.
The main protection types are: the protection circuit comprises a battery pack string overvoltage protection device, a battery pack string undervoltage protection device, a battery pack string overcurrent protection device, a single battery overvoltage protection device, a single battery undervoltage protection device, a single battery overcurrent protection device, a single battery overtemperature protection device, a single battery low-temperature protection device and a short-circuit protection device.
3. Equalization function
Because reasons such as the difference of battery individuality and user state's difference, the battery can be more and more serious in the use inconsistency, and the system should judge and initiatively carry out equalization processing, the embodiment of the utility model provides a battery management circuit adopts passive form balanced.
When the battery management unit 7 detects that the pressure difference of the single batteries in the battery pack exceeds a certain value, starting internal equalization of the battery pack, performing passive equalization among the single batteries in the battery pack, and balancing the pressure difference in the battery pack; when the battery control system 8 detects that the voltage difference between the battery packs exceeds a certain value, the battery packs are balanced, passive balance between each group of battery packs is carried out, and the voltage difference between the battery packs is balanced. Wherein, the starting pressure difference threshold values of the group internal balance and the group inter-balance can be set according to the actual conditions.
4. Self-checking function
The battery management circuit can automatically detect whether the analog quantity acquisition function of the battery management circuit is normal, the battery control system 8 can issue an instruction to enable the battery management unit 7 to start the self-checking analog quantity acquisition function to be normal, namely, the battery management unit 7 detects the battery management unit by the second self-checking module, and locally stores the collected unit self-checking result in the second memory, or uploads the collected BMU self-checking result and the self-checking result to the second memory, or uploads the BMU self-checking result and the self-checking result to the battery control system 8. Similarly, the battery control system 8 may also perform self-detection through the first self-detection module, and locally store the collected system self-detection result in the first memory, or upload the collected system self-detection result to the background monitoring system 9.
The battery management circuit performs self-checking in real time, if a fault is recorded, the record can be checked by using a communication means, and the battery control system 8 locally stores or reports self-checking information, so that the self-checking information is recorded, and the inquiry is facilitated.
5. Automatic calibration
Meanwhile, the screen 12 inputs a control instruction to the battery control system 8, an automatic calibration function can be started on an interface of the screen 12, and according to the electric quantity condition of the battery, when the State-of-Charge (SOC) of the battery is greater than a preset value, a full-Charge-emptying process is used for calibration, wherein the Charge-discharge multiplying power is configured according to the type of the battery and environmental factors.
6. Event logging
The battery control system 8 and the battery management unit 7 respectively adopt a first memory and a second memory, and can store and read event records, parameters, historical data, communication abnormality, system state abnormality events and the like.
7. Charge and discharge control
(1) Charge control
In the charging process, the battery management unit 7 is responsible for collecting and detecting the voltage and the temperature of each battery monomer in the battery pack in real time, detecting the total voltage and the total current at the same time, and sending information data to the battery control system 8. When any one of the cell voltages of the battery pack reaches a preset cell voltage value (settable) or the total voltage exceeds a preset total voltage value (settable), or the SOC reaches a state of 100% (settable), the battery control system 8 turns off the charging relay.
(2) Discharge control
The BMS system is powered on, the pre-charging relay is closed, and the system is in a pre-charging state. And after the pre-charging is finished, the pre-charging relay is switched off, the discharging relay is switched on, the system is in a normal discharging state, in the middle process, as long as the discharging relay of the system is switched off, the pre-charging is carried out before the next switching-on, and the pre-charging adopts a method of delaying for 2 s. When the discharge voltage of any battery cell in the battery pack drops to a preset cell discharge voltage value (settable) or the total voltage is lower than a preset discharge total voltage value (settable), or the SOC drops to a 15% (settable) state, the battery control system 8 turns off the discharge relay.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery management circuit, adopt battery management unit and battery control system's two-stage BMS management scheme, battery management unit manages the battery module, battery control system is used for controlling and managing the battery group cluster, carry out real time monitoring, charge-discharge, balanced, patrol and examine, temperature monitoring etc. to battery cell and whole group battery, thus can manage multiunit battery simultaneously, detect all battery cell voltages in every group, group battery total current, multichannel ambient temperature etc. simultaneously, battery management unit and battery control system in the battery management circuit of this application can realize in the group battery, the passive equalization control between the battery group, even if be equipped with the battery that the capacity is different in the group battery, when the group battery cluster charges, all batteries all can be fully filled and the low capacity battery overcharge phenomenon can not appear, when the group battery cluster discharges, all batteries will exhaust simultaneously, the problem of the actual available capacity of group battery reduction that battery capacity uniformity leads to has been solved, has improved the life of battery, and is safer.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative components and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The above-mentioned embodiments, further detailed description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, it should be understood that the above description is only the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A battery management circuit is characterized by comprising a battery pack, a fuse, a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a pre-charging resistor, a battery management unit, a battery control system, a current source, a background monitoring system and an AC-DC converter;
the battery pack, the current source, the fuse, the first switch and the second switch are connected in series; the third switch is connected in series with the pre-charging resistor and is connected with the second switch in parallel; the output end of the battery management unit is connected with the input end of the battery control system; the battery control system is respectively connected with the control ends of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch and is connected with commercial power through the AC-DC converter; the background monitoring system is connected with the battery control system.
2. The battery management circuit according to claim 1, wherein the battery control system comprises an inter-battery-group balancing module, a first self-test module, and a first memory; the first self-checking module is connected with the first memory;
the battery pack balancing module is used for balancing the electric quantity among the battery packs; the first self-checking module automatically detects the battery control system and generates a system self-checking result; the first memory stores the system self-test result.
3. The battery management circuit of claim 2, wherein the battery management unit comprises an in-battery equalization module, a second self-test module, and a second memory; the second self-checking module is connected with the second memory;
the battery pack internal balancing module is used for balancing the internal electric quantity of the battery monomer in the battery pack; the second self-checking module automatically detects the battery management unit and generates a unit self-checking result; the second memory stores the unit self-test result.
4. The battery management circuit of claim 1, further comprising a screen coupled to the battery control system.
5. The battery management circuit of claim 1, further comprising a voltage acquisition circuit; the voltage acquisition circuit is respectively connected with the battery pack and the battery management unit.
6. The battery management circuit of claim 1, further comprising a temperature acquisition circuit; the temperature acquisition circuit is respectively connected with the battery pack and the battery management unit.
7. The battery management circuit of claim 1, wherein the battery management circuit further comprises a CAN communication circuit; the CAN communication circuit is respectively connected with the battery control system and the battery management unit.
8. The battery management circuit of claim 1, wherein RS-485 communication is used between the battery control system and the background monitor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021197433.8U CN212627218U (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Battery management circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021197433.8U CN212627218U (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Battery management circuit |
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| CN212627218U true CN212627218U (en) | 2021-02-26 |
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