CN212621141U - Biprism interference experiment measuring device based on Hall effect - Google Patents
Biprism interference experiment measuring device based on Hall effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN212621141U CN212621141U CN202021537185.7U CN202021537185U CN212621141U CN 212621141 U CN212621141 U CN 212621141U CN 202021537185 U CN202021537185 U CN 202021537185U CN 212621141 U CN212621141 U CN 212621141U
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a biprism interference experiment measuring device based on Hall effect, which comprises a laser, a first convex lens, a displacement processing display system, an electrified coil, a photoelectric detector, a Hall sensor, a slide seat, a second convex lens, a track and a biprism; the laser, the first convex lens, the double prism, the second convex lens and the photoelectric detector are sequentially arranged on the track and are positioned on the same optical axis; the Hall sensor is connected with the photoelectric detector, the Hall sensor is placed between the two parallel electrified coils, and when the photoelectric detector is moved, the Hall sensor connected with the photoelectric detector is driven to move together, so that the Hall voltage changes; and the displacement processing and displaying system is connected with the Hall sensor and converts the change of Hall voltage into a displacement numerical value of the photoelectric detector to be displayed. The utility model discloses can be so that the coaxial regulation of light path is directly perceived visible, realize the automatic measure to the interference fringe interval, also make to measure the interference fringe interval more convenient and accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an optics experiment measuring instrument specifically is a biprism interference experiment measuring device based on hall effect.
Background
The existing double-prism interference experiment can measure the wavelength of light waves, and the correlation formula is lambda ═ deltax · D/D, where deltax is the distance between adjacent interference fringes, D is the distance between two virtual light sources, and D is the distance between the virtual light source and the receiving screen. In the experiment, the coaxial heights of all elements are adjusted, and the relative positions of all elements are recorded. The traditional experimental device adopts human eyes to roughly calibrate and adjust the optical path to be coaxial, which is inconvenient and intuitive; the traditional sliding block transverse adjusting function is easy to damage; under the dark light condition, the scale position of the recording element is also inconvenient to a certain extent; and the relative position of the interference fringe is recorded by a manual reading method, and then the delta x is calculated, but the one-dimensional sliding seat system used for recording the displacement of the photoelectric detector on the instrument is easy to make a mistake in reading due to long-term use, abrasion of scale scales or deviation of the positions of the main scale and the auxiliary scale, and finally, the deviation of an experimental result is very large. In addition, a receiving light screen is independently arranged in the traditional instrument, so that the initial experimental phenomenon can be conveniently received, the subsequent measurement process needs to be exchanged with a photoelectric detector for use, and the replacement process is complicated.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, the utility model provides a biprism interference experiment measuring device based on hall effect accomplishes the measurement to the photoelectric element displacement automatically, realizes the measurement to deltax promptly for coaxial regulation is more convenient and more directly perceived visible.
In order to realize the purpose, the utility model discloses a technical scheme is: a biprism interference experiment measuring device based on Hall effect comprises a laser, a first convex lens, a displacement processing display system, an electrified coil, a photoelectric detector, a Hall sensor, a sliding seat, a second convex lens, a track and a biprism; the laser, the first convex lens, the double prism, the second convex lens and the photoelectric detector are sequentially arranged on a track and are positioned on the same optical axis, and scale marks are divided on the track; the lower ends of the laser, the first convex lens, the double prism and the second convex lens are respectively fixed on a sliding block through a supporting rod, each sliding block is transversely embedded on the track and can transversely move on the track and fix the relative position through a fastening screw, the photoelectric detector is connected on a screw rod in a sliding seat through a supporting rod, the sliding seat is provided with a screw rod and is provided with an adjusting knob, and the adjusting knob is twisted to rotate the screw rod so that the photoelectric detector longitudinally moves perpendicular to the track; the sliding seat is transversely embedded on the rail, can transversely move on the rail and is fixed at a relative position through a sliding seat fixing screw; the Hall sensor is connected with the photoelectric detector, the Hall sensor is placed between the two parallel electrified coils, the photoelectric detector and the Hall sensor which drives the photoelectric detector to be connected move together when the photoelectric detector is moved, the position of the Hall sensor in a magnetic field changes, the magnetic field intensity of different positions of the Hall sensor is also different, and the Hall voltage changes; the displacement processing and displaying system is connected with the Hall sensor and the photoelectric detector, and converts the variation of Hall voltage into a displacement value of the photoelectric detector to be displayed;
the relationship between the hall voltage variation and the photodetector displacement variation is as follows:
in the formula: delta x is the displacement variation of the photoelectric detector; delta VH: a Hall voltage variation; kH: hall sensitivity; i isSThe working current of the Hall element;
n is the number of turns of the coil;
and I is the current in the coil.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: compared with the prior art, the utility model adopts the Hall sensor connected with the photoelectric detector, the Hall sensor is arranged between two parallel electrified coils, when the photoelectric detector is moved, the Hall sensor moves simultaneously, so that the position of the Hall sensor in the magnetic field is changed, the magnetic field intensity of different positions is also different, and the Hall voltage is changed; the displacement processing display system receives the change signal of handling hall voltage, and the conversion goes out photoelectric detector's displacement numerical value and shows to record the interference fringe interval, the utility model discloses can be so that the coaxial regulation of light path is directly perceived visible, realize the automatic measure to the interference fringe interval, also make to measure the interference fringe interval more convenient and accurate.
The utility model discloses it is further, the bracing piece is the telescopic link, is furnished with the confinement screw on the telescopic link.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: the supporting rod adopts the telescopic link design, can make things convenient for altitude mixture control.
The utility model discloses a further, the mark has all been done to the center department of the frame upper and lower left and right sides of laser instrument, first convex lens, second convex lens, four components of biprism.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: in the aspect of coaxial adjustment of an experimental light path, the central position of an element in an experiment is calibrated, and the central position is used as reference when the light path is debugged, so that the upper central point and the lower central point of each element are collinear, and the left central point and the right central point are collinear, and the coaxial adjustment of the light path can be well completed.
The utility model discloses it is further, the mark is the laser nick.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: the mark has high reliability and is not easy to damage, and other suitable modes can be adopted for marking.
The utility model discloses it is further, the laser instrument back is equipped with the inclination screw that is used for adjusting the light beam direction.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: for beam direction adjustment.
The utility model discloses it is further, photodetector is furnished with the receiving light cover, the receiving light cover is the face guard of white light tight material, leaves the breach that is used for placing the wire behind one's back.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: when the experimental phenomenon is observed in the initial stage of the experiment, the receiving photomask can be covered on the photoelectric detector, the observation is convenient, the receiving photomask is additionally arranged on the photoelectric detector, the receiving photomask can be used in place of the optical screen, and the trouble of replacement between the optical screen and the photoelectric detector is eliminated.
The utility model discloses it is further, scale mark department scribbles fluorescent material on the track.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: the observation reading is convenient to adjust in the dark environment.
The utility model discloses it is further, set up the guide rail on the slider, there is the little slider of slidable on the guide rail, laser instrument, first convex lens, biprism, second convex lens lower extreme are fixed on little slider through a bracing piece respectively, and little slider passes through slide fixed screw fixed position.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: the laser, the first convex lens, the double prism and the second convex lens are made to move longitudinally perpendicular to the rail. Therefore, the adjustment of each element is more flexible and convenient, and the user can adjust the adjustment according to the actual requirement and the cost consideration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of the hall sensor of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the slide carriage of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of the laser marking of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a first convex lens marking according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a biprism marking of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a second convex lens marking according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the back of the laser of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a receiving mask of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a back view of the receiving mask of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the change of the hall sensor during the displacement of the photoelectric detector of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of the slider structure of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a laser, 2, a first convex lens, 3, a displacement processing display system, 4, an electrified coil, 5, a photoelectric detector, 6, a Hall sensor, 7, a support rod, 8, an adjusting knob, 9, a slide seat, 10, a second convex lens, 11, a track, 12, a slide block, 13, a double prism, 14, a screw rod, 15, a mark, 16, an inclination screw, 17, a receiving photomask, 18, a slide seat fixing screw, 19 and a small slide block.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the utility model relates to a biprism interference experiment measuring device based on hall effect, which comprises a laser 1, a first convex lens 2, a displacement processing display system 3, an electric coil 4, a photoelectric detector 5, a hall sensor 6, a slide seat 9, a second convex lens 10, a track 11 and a biprism 13; the laser 1, the first convex lens 2, the double prism 13, the second convex lens 10 and the photoelectric detector 5 are sequentially arranged on a track 11 and are positioned on the same optical axis, and scale marks are divided on the track 11; the lower ends of the laser 1, the first convex lens 2, the double prism 13 and the second convex lens 10 are respectively fixed on a sliding block 12 through a supporting rod 7, each sliding block 12 is transversely embedded on a rail 11 and can transversely move on the rail 11 and fix the relative position through a fastening screw, the photoelectric detector 5 is connected on a screw rod 14 in a sliding seat 9 through a supporting rod 7, the screw rod 14 is arranged in the sliding seat 9 and is provided with an adjusting knob 8, and the adjusting knob 8 is twisted to rotate the screw rod 14 so that the photoelectric detector 5 longitudinally moves perpendicular to the rail; the sliding seat 9 is transversely embedded on the track 11, can transversely move on the track 11 and is fixed at a relative position through a sliding seat fixing screw 18;
the Hall sensor 6 is connected with the photoelectric detector 5, the Hall sensor 6 is placed between the two parallel electrified coils 4, the photoelectric detector 5 moves together with the Hall sensor 6 connected with the photoelectric detector when being moved, the position of the Hall sensor 6 in a magnetic field is changed, the magnetic field intensity of different positions of the Hall sensor 6 is also different, and the Hall voltage is changed; the displacement processing and displaying system 3 is connected with the Hall sensor 6 and the photoelectric detector 5, and converts the change of Hall voltage into the displacement value of the photoelectric detector to be displayed;
the relationship between the hall voltage variation and the photodetector displacement variation is as follows:
in the formula: delta x is the displacement variation of the photoelectric detector; delta VH: a Hall voltage variation; kH: hall sensitivity; i isSThe working current of the Hall element;
n is the number of turns of the coil;
and I is the current in the coil.
The relationship derivation process is shown in fig. 11: hall voltage VH＝KHISB(1)
Wherein: kH(ii) a Hall sensitivity, IS(ii) a Of Hall elementsOperating current, B: and (4) magnetic induction intensity.
V in the original formulaHIs in direct proportion to B, a linear relation that the position of the Hall element in the magnetic field is changed to cause the change of the magnetic field intensity B is found, and V is establishedHAnd position x. The linear change in magnetic field strength B is achieved by two energized coils placed in parallel.
Calculating the magnetic field intensity on the axis between the coils:
in the formula: n is the number of turns of the coil, and N is 500; r is the coil radius, and R is 10.00 cm; i is current, and I is 200 mA; mu 0 is the vacuum magnetic conductivity, and the value is a constant.
Description of the linear magnetic field device: the two coils are oppositely and parallelly arranged and are electrified with currents with equal magnitude and opposite directions; the distance between the two coils is equal to the coil radius.
Because the axial direction has an ideal linear relation between-3 cm and +3cm, the corresponding magnetic induction intensity range is-2.5 mT to 3.5 mT. Different coil radiuses have different linear relations, consequently the utility model discloses a coil radius 10cm calculates magnetic field intensity to get coil number of turns 500, electric current 200 mA. To obtain: b0.1029 x + 0.0421.
Coil turns and current are directly proportional to magnetic induction, and coil radius 10cm is fixed, so, can get according to actual need and adjust coil turns and current, for example the coil turns is N circles, and when the current is I, the linear relation is: b-mn (0.1029x +0.0421) wherein,
substituting B ═ mn (0.1029x +0.0421) into formula (1) VH＝KHISB＝KHISmn (0.1029x +0.0421), resulting in the relationship:
the relationship between the hall voltage variation and the photodetector displacement variation is:
the utility model adopts the Hall sensor 6 connected with the photoelectric detector 5, the Hall sensor 6 moves simultaneously between the two parallel-arranged electrified coils 4 when moving the photoelectric detector 5, so that the position of the Hall sensor 6 in the magnetic field is changed, the magnetic field intensity of different positions is also different, and the Hall voltage is changed; the displacement processing display system 3 receives the change signal of handling hall voltage and the light intensity signal that photoelectric detector gathered, converts out corresponding photoelectric detector's displacement variation numerical value and shows to record the interference fringe interval, the utility model discloses can make the coaxial regulation of light path directly perceived visible, realize the automatic measure to the interference fringe interval, also make the measurement interference fringe interval more convenient and accurate.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the rest of the embodiments are the same as the above embodiments, except that, as shown in fig. 1, the support rod 7 is a telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is provided with a fastening screw. The supporting rod adopts the telescopic link design, can make things convenient for altitude mixture control.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the rest of the embodiments are the same as the above embodiments, except that, as shown in fig. 4 to 7, the centers of the upper, lower, left and right sides of the outer frame of the laser 1, the first convex lens 2, the second convex lens 10, and the biprism 13 are marked. In the aspect of coaxial adjustment of an experimental light path, the central position of an element in an experiment is calibrated, and the central position is used as reference when the light path is debugged, so that the upper central point and the lower central point of each element are collinear, and the left central point and the right central point are collinear, and the coaxial adjustment of the light path can be well completed.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the rest of the embodiments are the same as the above embodiments, except that, as shown in fig. 4 to 7, the laser mark is a laser mark, which has high reliability as a mark and is not easy to damage, and other suitable methods can be adopted for marking.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the rest of the embodiments are the same as the above embodiments, except that, as shown in fig. 8, the back of the laser 1 is provided with an inclination screw 16 for adjusting the beam direction, so as to adjust the beam direction.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the rest of the embodiments are the same as the above embodiments, except that, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the photodetector 5 is equipped with a receiving mask 17, the receiving mask 17 is a white opaque mask, and a notch for placing a wire is left behind. When the experimental phenomenon is observed in the initial stage of the experiment, the receiving photomask 17 can be covered on the photoelectric detector, the observation is convenient, the receiving photomask is additionally arranged on the photoelectric detector and can replace a light screen, and the trouble of replacement between the light screen and the photoelectric detector is eliminated.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the rest of the embodiments are the same as the above embodiments, except that, as shown in fig. 1, the scale lines on the track 11 are coated with fluorescent materials, so that the observation reading can be conveniently adjusted in a dark environment.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the rest of the embodiments are the same as the above embodiments, except that, as shown in fig. 12, a guide rail is disposed on the slider 12, a small slidable slider 19 is disposed on the guide rail, the lower ends of the laser 1, the first convex lens 2, the double prism 13 and the second convex lens 10 are respectively fixed on the small slider 19 through a support rod 7, and the small slider 14 is fixed in position through a slide fixing screw 18, so that the laser 1, the first convex lens 2, the double prism 13 and the second convex lens 10 can move vertically to the track. Therefore, the adjustment of each element is more flexible and convenient, and the user can adjust the adjustment according to the actual requirement and the cost consideration.
In summary of the above embodiments, the first convex lens 2 focuses the light beam emitted by the laser 1; the double prism 13 is used for splitting the original light into two beams of coherent light to form two virtual light sources; the second convex lens 10 is used for focusing the two coherent light beams, i.e. generating a virtual light source image. The centers of the upper, lower, left and right sides of the outer frame of the laser 1, the first convex lens 2, the second convex lens 10 and the double prism 13 are marked, so that reference is made conveniently during coaxial adjustment of the optical path; the adjusting knob 8 can roll the screw rod, so that the position of the photoelectric detector 5 is changed, when the photoelectric detector 5 is moved, the position of the Hall sensor 6 in a magnetic field is changed, the magnetic field intensity of different positions is also different, and the Hall voltage is changed; the magnetic field device is two electrified coils 4 which are arranged in parallel; the displacement processing display system 3 receives and processes Hall voltage signals, processes the Hall voltage signals and converts the Hall voltage signals into displacement data, so that the distance between interference fringes is measured, and a PIC single chip microcomputer can be used as a processor of the displacement processing display system 3. In addition, the light intensity signal that photoelectric detector 5 can gather transmits for displacement processing display system 3, corresponds different light intensity signals, handles the displacement data that converts under the different light intensity, surveys the interference fringe interval.
Of course, the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not particularly limited thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: on the basis, the targeted adjustment can be carried out according to the actual requirement, so that different implementation modes can be obtained. This is not illustrated here, since many implementations are possible.
Claims (8)
1. A biprism interference experiment measuring device based on a Hall effect is characterized by comprising a laser (1), a first convex lens (2), a displacement processing display system (3), an electrified coil (4), a photoelectric detector (5), a Hall sensor (6), a sliding seat (9), a second convex lens (10), a track (11) and a biprism (13);
the laser device (1), the first convex lens (2), the double prism (13), the second convex lens (10) and the photoelectric detector (5) are sequentially arranged on the track (11) and are positioned on the same optical axis, and scale marks are divided on the track (11); the lower ends of the laser (1), the first convex lens (2), the double prism (13) and the second convex lens (10) are respectively fixed on a sliding block (12) through a supporting rod (7), each sliding block (12) is transversely embedded on the track (11), can transversely move on the track (11) and is fixed at the relative position through a fastening screw; the photoelectric detector (5) is connected to a screw rod (14) in a sliding seat (9) through a supporting rod (7), the screw rod (14) is arranged in the sliding seat (9) and is provided with an adjusting knob (8), and the adjusting knob (8) is twisted to rotate the screw rod (14) so that the photoelectric detector (5) can move vertically to the rail; the sliding seat (9) is transversely embedded on the track (11), can transversely move on the track (11) and is fixed at a relative position through a sliding seat fixing screw (18);
the Hall sensor (6) is connected with the photoelectric detector (5), the Hall sensor (6) is placed between the two parallel electrified coils (4), the photoelectric detector (5) moves together with the Hall sensor (6) connected with the photoelectric detector, the position of the Hall sensor (6) in a magnetic field changes, the magnetic field intensity of different positions of the Hall sensor is also different, and the Hall voltage changes; the displacement processing display system (3) is connected with the Hall sensor (6) and the photoelectric detector (5), and converts the change of Hall voltage into a displacement value of the photoelectric detector to be displayed;
the relationship between the hall voltage variation and the photodetector displacement variation is as follows:
in the formula: delta x is the displacement variation of the photoelectric detector; delta VH: a Hall voltage variation; kH: hall sensitivity; i isSThe working current of the Hall element;
n is the number of turns of the coil;
and I is the current in the coil.
2. The Hall-effect-based biprism interference experiment measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the supporting rod (7) is a telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is provided with a locking screw.
3. The Hall effect-based biprism interference experimental measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the centers of the upper, lower, left and right sides of the outer frame of the four elements of the laser (1), the first convex lens (2), the second convex lens (10) and the biprism (13) are marked.
4. The Hall effect based biprism interferometry experimental measurement device of claim 3, wherein said mark is a laser score.
5. The Hall-effect-based biprismatic interferometry measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the back of the laser (1) is provided with a tilt screw (16) for adjusting the beam direction.
6. The Hall-effect-based biprism interferometry measurement device according to claim 1, wherein said photodetector (5) is equipped with a receiving mask (17), said receiving mask (17) is a mask made of white opaque material, and a gap for placing a wire is left behind.
7. The Hall-effect-based biprism interferometry measurement device according to claim 1, wherein said track (11) is coated with a fluorescent material at the graduation marks.
8. The Hall-effect-based biprism interference experiment measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a guide rail is arranged on the slide block (12), a small slide block (19) capable of sliding is arranged on the guide rail, the lower ends of the laser (1), the first convex lens (2), the biprism (13) and the second convex lens (10) are respectively fixed on the small slide block (19) through a support rod (7), and the small slide block (19) is fixed in position through a slide fixing screw (18).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021537185.7U CN212621141U (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Biprism interference experiment measuring device based on Hall effect |
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| CN202021537185.7U CN212621141U (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Biprism interference experiment measuring device based on Hall effect |
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