CN212586522U

CN212586522U - Thermal runaway test tool and thermal runaway test device for battery

Info

Publication number: CN212586522U
Application number: CN202021211127.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 段晋杰; 张海建; 杨振宇; 王森; 臧楠
Original assignee: Svolt Energy Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Svolt Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-24
Filing date: 2020-06-24
Publication date: 2021-02-23
Anticipated expiration: 2030-06-24

Abstract

The utility model relates to a thermal runaway test frock and thermal runaway test device for battery, thermal runaway test frock includes frock shell (1), heating device (2), battery support (3) and stopper (4), the frock shell is including relative first side (11) and the second side (12) that set up, heating device is fixed to be set up in the frock shell and be located first side, at least two batteries (100) are arranged between first side and second side, battery support is used for supporting the battery and makes the setting of battery interval, the stopper design is for supporting between battery and second side, so that the battery that is close to first side laminates with heating device. Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the experimental frock of thermal runaway that this disclosure provided can satisfy the demand of carrying out the thermal runaway test to the battery of equidimension not, can practice thrift the test resource and practice thrift the cost.

Description

Thermal runaway test tool and thermal runaway test device for battery

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of battery safety test, in particular to a thermal runaway test tool and a thermal runaway test device for a battery.

Background

The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high output power, low self-discharge rate and the like, so the lithium ion battery has wide application in the fields of electric vehicles, power grid energy storage and the like. When the lithium ion battery is under the abuse conditions of short circuit, impact, overcharge, overheating and the like, the internal of the lithium ion battery is easy to generate an unblocked chain reaction, the temperature of the battery is increased exponentially, and the thermal runaway of the battery is generated. During the thermal runaway of the battery, a large amount of smoke and severe jet fire are often accompanied. When the battery is out of control, if the battery is not protected in time, the flame and the out of control process are easy to diffuse to the adjacent lithium ion energy storage unit, and then a larger-scale fire explosion accident is caused. In order to avoid the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents, it is necessary to perform some tests on the battery to evaluate the behavior and damage of thermal runaway and thermal runaway propagation of the battery in advance.

In the related art, in order to realize uniform cooling of each battery, improve the accuracy of battery temperature collection, the battery cooling surface is increased, and a single battery has no temperature gradient. However, the battery sizes are various, and the thermal runaway test tool designed for the cooling method cannot be adapted to batteries with different sizes.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a thermal runaway test frock for battery, this thermal runaway test frock can satisfy the demand of carrying out the thermal runaway test to the battery of equidimension not, can practice thrift experimental resource and practice thrift the cost.

It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a thermal runaway test apparatus suitable for performing thermal runaway tests on batteries of different sizes.

In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a thermal runaway test fixture, which includes a fixture housing, a heating device, a battery support and a limiting block, wherein the fixture housing includes a first side and a second side that are oppositely disposed, the heating device is fixedly disposed in the fixture housing and located at the first side, at least two batteries are disposed between the first side and the second side, the battery support is used for supporting the batteries and making the batteries are disposed at intervals, and the limiting block is designed to abut against the batteries and the second side between the batteries so that the batteries close to the first side are attached to the heating device.

Optionally, the tool housing includes a bottom plate, an end plate and a plurality of side plates, the end plate is located on the second side, a flow channel for cooling liquid to flow through is arranged inside the side plates, a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are arranged in the side plates, and the cooling liquid enters the flow channel from the cooling liquid inlet and flows out of the cooling liquid outlet into the inner space of the tool housing.

Optionally, the side plate comprises a front side plate, a right side plate and a rear side plate which are connected in sequence, the end plate is connected with the front side plate and the rear side plate, the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet are formed in the front side plate, the front side plate and the right side plate are provided with two flow channels which are not communicated, and the rear side plate is provided with two flow channels which are communicated.

Optionally, the cooling liquid inlet is lower than the cooling liquid outlet in a height direction.

Optionally, an overflow port is provided on the end plate, and the overflow port is not higher than the coolant outlet in the height direction.

Optionally, the battery support includes a U-shaped support and a support plate, the U-shaped support includes two vertical plates and a horizontal plate connecting the two vertical plates, and the support plate is perpendicular to the end of the vertical plate and is configured to support the battery.

Optionally, the support plate is symmetrically arranged with respect to the vertical plate.

Optionally, the heating device is configured as a heating plate.

Optionally, the first side is provided with a mounting groove, in which the heating plate is disposed.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the thermal runaway test device comprises the thermal runaway test tool.

Through the technical scheme, this thermal runaway test frock for battery that this disclosure provided can be used for carrying out the thermal runaway test to two at least batteries, be provided with battery holder between two adjacent batteries, closely laminate battery and battery holder through the stopper, thereby can laminate the battery that is close to the first side of frock shell with the heating device who is located the first side, when carrying out the thermal runaway test, the heat conduction that heating device produced is to treating the battery that is close to heating device, in order to initiate this battery thermal runaway, thereby verify that the cooling method who uses can restrain stretching of thermal runaway. The thermal runaway test can be carried out on the batteries with different thicknesses by adjusting the size of the limiting block so as to verify the volume or flow of the cooling liquid required by the batteries with different thicknesses for inhibiting the thermal runaway propagation, and the purposes of saving test resources and saving cost can be achieved. In addition, the gaps between the batteries can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the battery bracket so as to verify the influence of different battery gaps on thermal runaway. Thereby, the volume and flow rate of the coolant required to suppress the thermal runaway spread of the batteries can be effectively verified, and the design of the gap between the batteries can be more rationalized.

Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a thermal runaway test fixture provided in an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 2 is another schematic perspective view of a thermal runaway test fixture provided in an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a thermal runaway test fixture provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, wherein a fixture housing is not shown;

fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a tool housing in a thermal runaway test tool provided by an embodiment of the disclosure, wherein a direction of a coolant flowing in the tool housing is shown;

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a thermal runaway test fixture provided by an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 5;

fig. 9 is a schematic perspective structure diagram of a battery holder in a thermal runaway test fixture provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.

Description of the reference numerals

1-a tool shell, 11-a first side, 12-a second side, 13-an end plate, 131-an overflow port, 14-a front side plate, 141-a cooling liquid inlet, 142-a cooling liquid outlet, 15-a right side plate, 151-a mounting groove, 16-a rear side plate, 17-a bottom plate, 2-a heating device, 3-a battery bracket, 31-a vertical plate, 32-a horizontal plate, 33-a supporting plate, 4-a limiting block and 100-a battery.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the terms of orientation such as "up and down" are generally used to mean "up and down", "left and right, front and back" are defined by the tool housing 1, and the "front and back" orientations are parallel to the width direction of the tool housing 1, corresponding to the upper and lower orientations in the drawing direction of fig. 5, and the "left and right" orientations are parallel to the length direction of the tool housing 1, corresponding to the left and right orientations in the drawing direction of fig. 5, in which the corresponding parts are opposed to each other in the gravity direction when in the use state. Further, "inner and outer" are "inner and outer" with respect to the contour of the corresponding component itself. Furthermore, the terms "first, second, etc. are used herein to distinguish one element from another, and are not necessarily sequential or significant. Furthermore, in the following description, when referring to the figures, the same reference numbers in different figures denote the same or similar elements, unless otherwise explained. The foregoing definitions are provided to illustrate and describe the present disclosure only and should not be construed to limit the present disclosure.

According to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 1 to 9, a thermal runaway test tool for a battery is provided, the thermal runaway test tool includes a tool housing 1, a heating device 2, a battery support 3 and a limit block 4, the tool housing 1 includes a first side 11 and a second side 12 which are oppositely disposed, the heating device 2 is fixedly disposed in the tool housing 1 and located on the first side 11, at least two batteries 100 are disposed between the first side 11 and the second side 12, the battery support 3 is used for supporting the batteries 100 and enabling the batteries 100 to be spaced apart, and the limit block 4 is designed to abut against between the batteries 100 and the second side 12, so that the batteries 100 close to the first side 11 are attached to the heating device 2. The battery 100 may be a lithium ion battery, and the battery 100 to be tested may be a battery module or a single battery as needed, which is not limited in this disclosure.

Through the technical scheme, the thermal runaway test frock for battery that this disclosure provided can be used for carrying out the thermal runaway test to two at least batteries 100, be provided with battery holder 3 between two adjacent batteries 100, closely laminate battery 100 and battery holder 3 through stopper 4, thereby can laminate the battery 100 that is close to first side 11 of frock shell 1 with heating device 2 that is located first side 11, when carrying out the thermal runaway test, the heat conduction that heating device 2 produced is to waiting to be close to battery 100 of heating device 2, in order to initiate this battery 100 thermal runaway, thereby verify that the cooling method who uses can restrain the stretching of thermal runaway. Aiming at the batteries 100 with different thicknesses, the thermal runaway test can be performed on the batteries 100 with different thicknesses by adjusting the size of the limiting block 4, so that the volume or flow of the cooling liquid required by the batteries 100 with different thicknesses for inhibiting the thermal runaway propagation can be verified, and the purposes of saving test resources and saving cost can be achieved. In addition, the gap between the batteries 100 can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the battery holder 3 to verify the influence of different battery 100 gaps on thermal runaway. Thereby, the volume and flow rate of the coolant required to suppress the thermal runaway spread of the batteries 100 are effectively verified, and the design of the gap between the batteries 100 can be rationalized.

In the specific embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the tooling housing 1 includes a bottom plate 17, and an end plate 13 and a plurality of side plates which are arranged around the bottom plate 17, the end plate 13 is located at the second side 12, a flow channel for cooling liquid to flow through is arranged inside each side plate, and a cooling liquid inlet 141 and a cooling liquid outlet 142 are arranged, the cooling liquid enters the flow channel from the cooling liquid inlet 141 and flows out of the cooling liquid outlet 142 into the internal space of the tooling housing 1, the cooling liquid flows through the plurality of side plates of the tooling housing 1 and also flows through the internal space of the tooling housing 1, so that the side surfaces of the batteries 100 can be cooled, each battery 100 can be uniformly cooled, the cooling mode adopted by the batteries 100 in practical application can be simulated more accurately, and the test structure of the thermal runaway test can be more accurate.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the side plates may include a front side plate 14, a right side plate 15, and a rear side plate 16, which are connected in sequence, the end plate 13 is connected to the front side plate 14 and the rear side plate 16, the coolant inlet 141 and the coolant outlet 142 are disposed on the front side plate 14, and in conjunction with fig. 4, 6 to 8, the front side plate 14 and the right side plate 15 are provided with two flow passages that are not communicated, and the rear side plate 16 is provided with two flow passages that are communicated. The coolant flows into the front plate 14 from the coolant inlet 141, flows along the lower flow channel of the front plate 14 to the lower flow channel of the right plate 15, and then flows to the lower flow channel of the rear plate 16, and after the liquid level of the coolant reaches the upper flow channel of the rear plate 16, the coolant continues to flow toward the upper flow channel of the rear plate 16, flows through the upper flow channel of the right plate 15 to the upper flow channel of the front plate 14, and enters the internal space of the tool case 1 from the coolant outlet 142 to cool each battery 100.

Wherein the cooling liquid inlet 141 is lower than the cooling liquid outlet 142 in a height direction to prevent the cooling liquid from flowing back, thereby achieving cooling of each battery 100.

In addition, in order to prevent the amount of the coolant entering the internal space of the tool housing 1 from being excessively large and flowing over the upper surface of the battery 100 during the flowing process, the end plate 13 is provided with an overflow port 131, and the overflow port 131 is not higher than the coolant outlet 142 in the height direction, so that the battery 100 is protected, and the electrode of the battery 100 is prevented from being soaked in the coolant and damaging the battery 100.

In the specific embodiments provided by the present disclosure, the battery holder 3 may be configured in any suitable manner. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3 and 9, the battery holder 3 includes a U-shaped holder including two vertical plates 31 and a horizontal plate 32 connecting the two vertical plates 31, and a support plate 33 disposed perpendicular to an end of the vertical plate 31 for supporting the battery 100. Therefore, the cooling liquid can cool the bottom of the battery 100 and each side face of the battery 100, so that each battery 100 can be cooled more uniformly, the cooling mode adopted by the actual battery 100 can be simulated more accurately through the arrangement, and the test structure of the thermal runaway test is more accurate and convincing.

The supporting plates 33 can be symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical plate 31, so that the battery 100 can be supported only by arranging one battery support 3 between two adjacent batteries 100, and the test resources and the cost can be saved.

In the specific embodiments provided by the present disclosure, the heating device 2 may be configured in any suitable manner. Alternatively, the heating device 2 may be configured as a heating plate, and a resistance wire on the heating plate is energized, so that the resistance wire heats up and then transfers the heat to the battery 100 near the first side 11, thereby causing the battery 100 to be thermally out of control.

Wherein, combine to show in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 4 and fig. 5, first side 11 is provided with mounting groove 151, and the hot plate setting is in this mounting groove 151, and battery 100 and the right side plate 15 butt of frock shell 1 avoid the effort extrusion hot plate that stopper 4 acted on battery 100 and cause the damage of hot plate like this.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the thermal runaway test device comprises the thermal runaway test tool for the battery 100, and therefore the thermal runaway test tool has the characteristics, and is not repeated to avoid repetition.

The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various combinations that are possible in the present disclosure are not described again.

In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway test tool for a battery is characterized by comprising a tool shell (1), a heating device (2), a battery bracket (3) and a limiting block (4), the tool shell (1) comprises a first side (11) and a second side (12) which are oppositely arranged, the heating device (2) is fixedly arranged in the tool housing (1) and is located on the first side (11), at least two batteries (100) are arranged between the first side (11) and the second side (12), the battery bracket (3) is used for supporting the batteries (100) and enabling the batteries (100) to be arranged at intervals, the stop block (4) is designed to abut between the battery (100) and the second side (12), so that the battery (100) close to the first side (11) is in abutment with the heating means (2).

2. The tool for the thermal runaway test according to claim 1, wherein the tool housing (1) comprises a bottom plate (17) and an end plate (13) and a plurality of side plates, the end plate (13) is arranged around the bottom plate (17), the end plate (13) is located on the second side (12), a flow channel for cooling liquid to flow through is arranged inside each side plate, and a cooling liquid inlet (141) and a cooling liquid outlet (142) are arranged, and the cooling liquid enters the flow channel from the cooling liquid inlet (141) and flows out of the cooling liquid outlet (142) to an inner space of the tool housing (1).

3. The thermal runaway test tool according to claim 2, wherein the side plates comprise a front side plate (14), a right side plate (15) and a rear side plate (16) which are sequentially connected, the end plate (13) is connected with the front side plate (14) and the rear side plate (16), the cooling liquid inlet (141) and the cooling liquid outlet (142) are formed in the front side plate (14), the front side plate (14) and the right side plate (15) are provided with two flow channels which are not communicated, and the rear side plate (16) is provided with two flow channels which are communicated.

4. The thermal runaway test tool according to claim 3, wherein the coolant inlet (141) is lower than the coolant outlet (142) in the height direction.

5. The thermal runaway test tool according to claim 3, characterized in that an overflow port (131) is formed in the end plate (13), and the overflow port (131) is not higher than the coolant outlet (142) in the height direction.

6. The thermal runaway test tool according to claim 2, wherein the battery support (3) comprises a U-shaped support and a support plate (33), the U-shaped support comprises two vertical plates (31) and a transverse plate (32) connecting the two vertical plates (31), and the support plate (33) is perpendicular to the end of each vertical plate (31) and is used for supporting the battery.

7. The thermal runaway test tool according to claim 6, wherein the support plates (33) are symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical plate (31).

8. The thermal runaway test tool according to any one of claims 1-7, characterised in that the heating device (2) is configured as a heating plate.

9. The tool according to claim 8, wherein the first side (11) is provided with an installation groove (151), and the heating plate is arranged in the installation groove (151).

10. A thermal runaway test device comprising the thermal runaway test fixture for a battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.