CN212571373U - Electromagnetic space regulation and control system composed of transparent super surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a transparent electromagnetism space regulation and control system that surpasses surface and constitute, including at least one transparent super surface, at least one drive and control module group and self-adaptive control treater: the transparent super surface is formed by a plurality of super material units which are arranged periodically or non-periodically, and the super material units at least form a light-permeable structure by compounding an upper transparent film functional layer, a transparent substrate and a lower transparent film functional layer in a single layer or multiple layers; the driving and controlling module drives and controls the electric regulating element to realize the function of regulating and controlling parameters such as electromagnetic wave amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization and the like on the transparent super surface; the adaptive control processor implements adaptive control strategies and methods, as well as co-processing, and even training and optimizing the strategies and methods. The utility model provides an electromagnetism space regulation and control system based on transparent super surface constitutes can realize indoor coverage optimization and the application that outdoor wireless transmission optimizes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of novel artifical electromagnetic material surface technique and specifically relates to a transparent electromagnetism space regulation and control system that surpasses surface and constitute.
Background
The metamaterial refers to an artificial composite structure formed by units with sub-wavelength scales according to a certain macroscopic arrangement mode (periodicity or aperiodicity). Because the basic units and the arrangement mode can be designed at will, the limitation that the traditional material is difficult to accurately control at the atomic or molecular level can be broken through, the unconventional medium parameters which can not be realized by the traditional material and the traditional technology are constructed, the electromagnetic wave is efficiently and flexibly regulated, and a series of novel physical characteristics and applications are realized. In the last two decades, the metamaterial is always the international leading edge in the fields of physics and information, and based on the equivalent medium theory, under the guidance of methods such as conversion optics and the like, novel electromagnetic structure designs are continuously emerging, such as electromagnetic stealth clothes, stealth carpets, perfect wave absorbers, electromagnetic black holes and the like, so that the metamaterial attracts high attention of scientists and government organizations in various countries in the world.
The novel artificial electromagnetic surface, also known as a super surface, can control the parameters of amplitude, phase, polarization, wave beam, orbital angular momentum and the like of electromagnetic waves by designing the unit characteristics and spatial arrangement of the surface, realizes the functions of deflection, focusing, wave absorption and the like of electromagnetic energy, and can be used in the fields of antennas, imaging and the like. The information super surface further establishes a relation between the super surface unit and digital information by using an information theory method, the binary digits 0/1 are used for coding to represent the super surface unit, various parameters of electromagnetic waves are dynamically regulated and controlled in real time by various adjustable means, different functions such as beam scanning, polarization conversion, amplitude/phase modulation and the like are realized by using the same information super surface, and the information super surface has wide application prospects in the fields of communication, radar, stealth and the like. In the fifth generation wireless communication (5G) system, a large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna and a millimeter wave technology are widely applied, new requirements are provided for a radio frequency link and an antenna in a communication system hardware architecture, and new challenges are faced in the aspects of cost, performance, power consumption, integration level and the like. However, the information super surface brings a new idea for the hardware design of the 5G communication system due to the characteristics of low cost, easy integration, low energy consumption and the like.
An important advantage in the field of 5G and next generation wireless communication is the application of millimeter wave technology, and although millimeter waves bring wider spectrum utilization bandwidth, faster transmission rate and larger transmission capacity, the penetration of millimeter waves is much worse than that of traditional Sub-6G frequency band signals, which limits the coverage and access of wireless signals for some buildings or vehicles (such as trains). The information super-surface serves as an intelligent electromagnetic regulation and control surface, for example, "an information super-surface intelligent processing system applied to cell base station wireless communication" proposed in CN 110336575a by the university of southeast, trekko and iron military issue group can adaptively perform secondary regulation and control on spatial electromagnetic waves, solve the problems of multipath fading and path loss in wireless communication, improve communication quality, optimize channel performance, reduce hardware complexity, and realize an intelligent wireless communication environment with low cost, low power consumption and low radiation. However, the current electromagnetic regulation surface research is mostly limited to rigid or flexible dielectric materials such as polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like, the designed patterns are mostly etched or electroplated on the dielectric layer in a metal patch mode, and then the structure is covered on a metal body to regulate the scattering property of the target body. The metal patch/dielectric substrate/metal layer structure cannot realize transparency to visible light, and the requirements for realizing wireless signal regulation and control in the fields of carriage/cabin glass, window glass, outer wall glass/glass facade of buildings and the like of vehicles such as trains, buses, ships and the like cannot be met, especially the traditional multi-resonance structure mostly utilizes a multilayer stacking technology to realize bandwidth expansion, so that the transparent electromagnetic regulation and control surface has high manufacturing cost and difficult manufacturing, and the biggest defect is that the light transmission performance can be seriously deteriorated.
At present, schemes of transparent electromagnetic super-surfaces are respectively disclosed in CN106252897A and CN106356636A in the early period of a team, visible light transparency is realized, excellent electromagnetic wave regulation and control performance is realized, reflection echoes are mainly absorbed or dispersed, the electromagnetic waves are passive and non-reconfigurable, once design is completed, the performance and the regulation and control capability are solidified, and self-adaptive regulation and control cannot be carried out according to changes of an external electromagnetic environment and a scene.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: the electromagnetic space regulation and control system is characterized in that a transparent super surface is formed, related medium materials are transparent substrates (glass, PET and the like), the electromagnetic space regulation and control system can be used for compartment/cabin glass, window glass, building external window glass/glass external vertical surfaces and the like of vehicles such as trains, buses and ships, existing electromagnetic signals in the space can be regulated, controlled and processed, and the electromagnetic space regulation and control system aims to solve the problems of coverage, access and the like in wireless communication by using the intelligent super surface, improve communication quality and optimize channel performance.
The utility model discloses a solve above-mentioned technical problem and adopt following technical scheme: an electromagnetic space control system formed by a transparent super surface, which at least comprises: the system comprises a transparent super surface, a driving and control module and an adaptive control processor; the transparent super surface is formed by arranging super material units with transmission function to electromagnetic wave/electromagnetic field, or the transparent super surface is formed by arranging super material units with reflection function to electromagnetic wave/electromagnetic field; the driving and control module is connected with the transparent super surface, and the transparent super surface is used for regulating and controlling electromagnetic waves/electromagnetic fields by driving and controlling current, voltage or on/off of an electric adjusting element of the super-structure material unit; the adaptive control processor is connected with the driving and control module and controls the driving and control module to realize adaptive control of the state of the metamaterial unit.
Furthermore, the driving and control module is connected with the transparent super surface in a cable or plug-in mode, and the adaptive control processor is connected with the driving and control module in a cable or plug-in mode.
Furthermore, the adaptive control processor is integrated with one or more of a photosensitive sensor, a sound sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a gyroscope, and provides a controlled environment and reference input for the adaptive control processor through data fed back by the sensors.
Furthermore, the metamaterial unit with the transmission function for the electromagnetic waves/fields at least comprises an upper transparent film functional layer, a transparent substrate and a lower transparent film functional layer, conductive patches are arranged on the upper transparent film functional layer and the lower transparent film functional layer, the conductive patches on each layer are connected through an electric adjusting element, and the upper transparent film functional layer is electrically communicated with the conductive patches on the lower transparent film functional layer.
Furthermore, the metamaterial unit with the reflection function on the electromagnetic wave/electromagnetic field at least comprises an upper transparent film functional layer, a transparent substrate and a lower transparent film functional layer; the upper layer transparent film functional layer is provided with a conductive patch, the conductive patch is connected through an electric tuning element, the lower layer transparent film functional layer is provided with an electromagnetic reference ground formed by a conductive sheet, and the upper layer transparent film functional layer is electrically communicated with the conductive patch of the lower layer transparent film functional layer.
Furthermore, electrically tunable materials are filled between the transparent film functional layer of the metamaterial unit and the transparent substrate, and the electrically tunable materials are electrically connected with the transparent film functional layer of the metamaterial unit and the transparent substrate.
Further, the electric tuning element is any one of a PIN diode, a varactor diode, a FET tube, an MEMS device, and a power amplifier or a low noise amplifier chip.
Further, the transparent substrate is one or more of common glass, quartz glass, organic glass and PET and PEN transparent flexible materials.
Furthermore, the metamaterial units on the transparent super surface are distributed in a mode of uniformly-spaced full arrays or in a mode of non-uniformly-spaced sparse arrays.
Furthermore, an electromagnetic space regulation and control system formed by any transparent super surface is arranged on a window of an object, the state of a super-structure material unit of the transparent super surface is adaptively regulated according to an application scene so as to regulate and control the time domain-space domain-frequency domain multidimensional characteristic of electromagnetic waves incident on the super surface, and the access and coverage optimization of the electromagnetic waves outside the window are realized through the transmission function of the super surface.
Furthermore, an electromagnetic space regulation and control system formed by any transparent super surface is arranged on the surface of an object, the state of a super-structure material unit of the super surface is adaptively regulated according to an application scene so as to regulate and control the time domain-space domain-frequency domain multidimensional characteristic of the reflected electromagnetic wave, and one or more regulation and control of coverage optimization, non-line-of-sight relaying and local signal enhancement of a wireless signal transmission channel are realized through the reflection function of the super surface.
Has the advantages that: the utility model adopts the above technical scheme to compare with prior art, have following beneficial technological effect:
(1) the transparent super surface has the high-transparency characteristic of visible light, can be applied to scenes such as carriage/cabin glass of vehicles such as trains, buses and ships, window glass, external wall glass/glass facade of buildings and the like, and simultaneously has the functions of intelligence and surface regulation and control of electromagnetic waves.
(2) The transparent super surface and the electromagnetic regulation and control system formed by the transparent super surface can realize the covering and access of indoor wireless signals of vehicles such as trains, buses and ships and buildings, can access the signal wireless signals of an outdoor macro base station or a micro base station into the room, particularly can solve the problem that 5G millimeter wave signals are difficult to directly cover/access the room, and has the characteristic of concealment.
(3) The transparent super surface can be used as an electromagnetic scatterer, covers a proper position of a building, plays a role of a space signal relay station, or can directionally send a signal to a user in a signal blind area when performing secondary scattering on a wireless signal of a macro base station or a micro base station; the electromagnetic regulation and control system formed by the distributed transparent super surface can further adaptively optimize the channel performance, improve the transmission rate and the communication quality and reduce the interference among different receiving devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exemplary embodiment of an electromagnetic spatial conditioning system comprising a transparent super surface;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of a transmissive transparent super-surfaced metamaterial unit, wherein 2a is a side view of the exemplary metamaterial unit; 2b is a schematic diagram of an upper or lower functional layer of the typical metamaterial unit; 2c is a schematic diagram of a transmission type working principle of the typical metamaterial unit;
FIG. 3 is another exemplary embodiment of a transmissive transparent super-surface metamaterial unit featuring a three-layer structure;
FIG. 4 is yet another exemplary embodiment of a transmissive transparent super-surfaced metamaterial unit, wherein 4a is a side view of the exemplary metamaterial unit; 4b is a schematic representation of the upper or lower functional layer of the typical metamaterial unit.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary embodiment of a reflective transparent super-surface metamaterial unit, wherein 5a is a side view of the exemplary metamaterial unit; 5b is a schematic diagram of an upper functional layer of the typical metamaterial unit; 5c is a schematic view of the lower functional layer of the typical metamaterial unit; 5d is a schematic diagram of a reflection type working principle of the typical metamaterial unit;
FIG. 6 is another exemplary embodiment of a reflective transparent super-surface metamaterial unit, wherein 6a is a side view of the exemplary metamaterial unit; 6b is a schematic diagram of an upper functional layer of the typical metamaterial unit; and 6c is a schematic view of the lower functional layer of the typical metamaterial unit.
FIG. 7 is an exemplary embodiment of a transparent metamaterial unit with a liquid metal filled in between, wherein 7a is a side view of the exemplary metamaterial unit; 7b is a schematic diagram of an upper functional layer of the typical metamaterial unit; 7c is a schematic representation of the underlying functional layer of the exemplary metamaterial unit.
FIG. 8 is an exemplary embodiment of a mesofilled liquid crystal metamaterial unit, wherein 8a is a side view of the exemplary metamaterial unit; and 8b is a schematic diagram of an upper or lower functional layer of the typical metamaterial unit.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the utility model is further explained in detail with the attached drawings as follows:
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
With reference to fig. 1 to fig. 3, for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic space regulation and control system composed of a transparent super surface includes a transparent super surface 11, a driving and control module 12, and an adaptive control processor 13: the transparent super surface 11 and the drive and control module 12 are interconnected by means of a flex cable 14, and the drive and control module 12 and the adaptive control processor 13 are interconnected by means of an ethernet cable 15.
Wherein, the typical transparent super surface 11 is formed by a plurality of metamaterial units 111 arranged periodically or non-periodically; the typical driving and control module 12 is composed of a plurality of driving or I/O expansion chips 121, a plurality of power chips 122, and a control/logic chip 123 (such as FPGA, CPLD, DSP or ARM, RISC-v, and one-chip), and its related peripheral circuits; a typical adaptive control processor 13 includes a CPU chip 131 and its associated peripheral circuits, a memory 132, and even configurable accelerators such as GPUs: the driving or I/O expansion chip 121, under the control of the control/logic chip 123, performs driving and control in the current, voltage, or on/off manner on the active regulation and control component on the metamaterial unit 111, so that the transparent super-surface 11 generates different response states, thereby realizing the function of regulating and controlling parameters such as the electromagnetic wave amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization, and the like of the super-surface 11.
The adaptive control processor 13 provides the strategy and method for adaptive control, cooperative processing, and even artificial intelligence training and optimization for the strategy and method for the driving and controlling module 12 and the control/logic chip 123 thereof. The transparent super-surface 11 and the super-structure material unit 111 thereof may be a transmission type working mode or a reflection type working mode according to different application scenarios and working modes.
An exemplary embodiment of a transmissive transparent super-surface metamaterial unit 21 is described below with reference to fig. 2. The transparent metamaterial unit 21 is formed by bonding or pressing an upper transparent film functional layer 211, a transparent substrate 212 and a lower transparent film functional layer 213: the transparent substrate 212 of the super-structure material unit is one or more of common glass, quartz glass, organic glass and PET and PEN transparent flexible materials; the upper layer transparent film functional layer 211 and the lower layer transparent film functional layer 213 are symmetrical or reciprocal structures, and an artificial electromagnetic structure 216 specially designed, such as a conductive patch with a slit in the middle, is arranged on the transparent film functional layer 211 or 213; the artificial electromagnetic structure 216 on the transparent thin film functional layer 211 or 213 is formed by one or more materials of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, tin antimony oxide, a graphene film and a metal nanowire, and is formed on the transparent thin film functional layer 211 or 213 through etching, photoetching, or chemical corrosion, or electroplating; a PIN diode 214 is attached to the artificial electromagnetic structure 216, namely, the conductive patch with the slot in the middle is connected through the PIN diode;
the artificial electromagnetic structures of the upper layer transparent film functional layer 211 and the lower layer transparent film functional layer 213 are electrically communicated with the upper and lower functional layers through a metal wire/metal nanowire embedded by a micro-nano process or a via hole structure 215 formed in a via hole metallization mode. The number and position of the via structures 215 can be freely set. Specifically, the two conductive patches on the upper transparent film functional layer 211 and the two conductive patches on the lower transparent film functional layer 213 are electrically connected to each other through a via hole structure 215 formed by a metal wire/metal nanowire or via hole metallization.
Further, referring to fig. 2c to explain the operation principle of the unit 21 of the transmissive transparent super surface, when an incident electromagnetic wave/field 22 is irradiated onto the upper functional layer of the unit 21 from one side, an induced current is formed on the artificial electromagnetic structure of the upper functional layer, the induced current 23 is conducted to the artificial electromagnetic structure of the lower functional layer through the wire/metal nanowire or via structure 215 to form an induced current, so as to form an electromagnetic wave/field 24 again and emit the electromagnetic wave/field, that is, the unit 21 realizes the transmission of the electromagnetic wave/field, that is, the electromagnetic transmission effect of the smart super surface.
The PIN diodes 214 on the functional layers 211 and 213 regulate the distribution and current intensity of the induced current on the artificial electromagnetic structures of the functional layers 211 and 213 by regulating the on/off or loaded current value or voltage value thereof, thereby regulating the amplitude, or phase, or amplitude-phase integrated response state of the induced electromagnetic field.
Further, the intelligent meta-surface is formed by arranging a plurality of metamaterial units 21 periodically or non-periodically, and different electromagnetic response effects can be formed by regulating the distribution of amplitude and phase response states on each unit, that is, assuming that the intelligent meta-surface based on the information metamaterial is formed by M × N units arranged non-periodically or periodically, the electric field of scattering or radiation is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
induced electric field of a unit of information metamaterial, theta and
space coordinate under spherical coordinate systemElectric field of
Azimuth angle of the beam, k is wave number value, d is period interval of information metamaterial unit, AmnFor the amplitude response value corresponding to the code of the (m, n) th metamaterial unit,
and (4) encoding corresponding phase response values for the (m, n) th metamaterial unit. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional material or a common active or passive super-structure material, the visible light range transmittance is more than or equal to 80 percent.
Without loss of generality, active regulating components on the metamaterial unit are not limited to PIN diodes, but can also be devices such as variable capacitance diodes, FET tubes, MEMS devices, power amplifiers or low-noise amplifier chips and the like, and the response state of amplitude or phase or amplitude-phase synthesis of the induced electromagnetic field on the metamaterial unit is realized.
The metamaterial unit may also be formed by multi-layer compounding of a transparent thin film functional layer and a transparent substrate, as shown in fig. 3, the transmissive transparent metamaterial unit 31 is formed by mutually bonding or laminating an upper transparent substrate 314, an upper transparent thin film functional layer 311, a middle transparent substrate 315, a lower transparent thin film functional layer 312, and a lower transparent substrate 316.
The transparent film functional layer 311 or 312 is provided with a specially designed artificial electromagnetic structure, and an active regulation and control component is attached to the artificial electromagnetic structure; the transparent thin film functional layer 311 or 312 is disposed between the upper transparent substrate 314 and the lower transparent substrate 316, i.e., the artificial electromagnetic structure and the active control device can be effectively protected, so that the artificial electromagnetic structure and the active control device have excellent environmental adaptability and reliability, and even can be treated for special applications such as bulletproof, explosion-proof and the like. That is, the structure of fig. 2 can be considered as an upper layer and an upper layer transparent substrate, and a lower layer transparent substrate for protection.
As shown in fig. 4, a specific structure of another embodiment of the transmissive transparent metamaterial unit 32 is described with reference to fig. 4a to 4 b: the transparent film substrate is formed by mutually bonding or pressing an upper layer transparent film functional layer 321, a middle transparent substrate 322 and a lower layer transparent film functional layer 323, and the transparent film functional layers 321 and 323 are symmetrical or reciprocal structures; the transparent thin film functional layer 321 or 323 is provided with a specially designed artificial electromagnetic structure, such as a circular patch 326 and a microstrip transmission line 327, and is generally formed by one or more materials of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, tin antimony oxide, a graphene film and a metal nanowire; a low noise amplifier or power amplifier 324 is mounted on the microstrip transmission line 327; one end of a microstrip transmission line 327 on the functional layer is connected with the circular patch 326, and a via hole structure 325 is arranged at the other end of the microstrip transmission line 327, that is, microstrip lines on the upper and lower functional layers are vertically interconnected through the via hole structure 325, so that the electrical communication between the upper transparent thin film functional layer 321 and the lower transparent thin film functional layer 323 is realized. By adjusting the driving voltage of the low noise amplifier or power amplifier 324, the gain value of the device can be adjusted, thereby further adjusting the amplitude of the transmitted electromagnetic wave of the transparent metamaterial unit 32.
With further reference to fig. 5, an exemplary embodiment of a reflective transparent super-surface metamaterial unit 41 is illustrated. The reflective transparent metamaterial unit 41 is formed by mutually bonding or pressing an upper transparent film functional layer 411, a transparent substrate 412 and a lower transparent film functional layer 413:
as shown in fig. 5a to 5c, the transparent substrate 412 of the metamaterial unit is one or more of common glass, quartz glass, organic glass, and PET, PEN transparent flexible materials; a specially designed artificial electromagnetic structure 417, such as a slotted bow-tie shaped conductive patch or a rectangular conductive patch, is provided on the transparent thin film functional layer 411; the artificial electromagnetic structure 417 on the transparent thin film functional layer 411 is formed by one or more of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, tin antimony oxide, a graphene film and a metal nanowire, and is formed on the transparent thin film functional layer 411 or 413 through etching, photoetching, or chemical corrosion, or electroplating;
a PIN diode or a variable capacitance diode 414 is attached to the artificial electromagnetic structure 417; the artificial electromagnetic structures of the upper layer transparent film functional layer 411 and the lower layer transparent film functional layer 413 are via hole structures 415 and 416 formed by metal wires/metal nanowires embedded by a micro-nano process or via hole metallization;
the lower transparent film functional layer 413 is provided with a complete conductive patch 418 to form an electromagnetic reference ground, at least one via hole structure 415 in each unit structure needs to be communicated with the electromagnetic reference ground 418, the via hole 416 on the other side can not be communicated with the electromagnetic reference ground 418 according to design, and the conductive patch 418 is also formed by one or more of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, tin antimony oxide, a graphene film and a metal nanowire.
Further, referring to fig. 5d to explain the operation principle of the unit 41 of the transmissive transparent super surface, when an incident electromagnetic wave/field 42 is irradiated onto the upper functional layer of the unit 41 from one side, an induced current is formed on the artificial electromagnetic structure of the upper functional layer, and at the same time, the artificial electromagnetic structure of the lower functional layer forms a ground-referenced structure, so that an electromagnetic wave/field 43 is formed again and emitted, that is, the unit 41 realizes the reflection of the electromagnetic wave/field, that is, the electromagnetic reflection effect of the smart super surface. The PIN diodes 414 on the functional layers 411 and 413 regulate the distribution and current intensity of the induced current on the artificial electromagnetic structure of the functional layer 211 by regulating the on/off or loaded current or voltage thereof, thereby regulating the amplitude, or phase, or comprehensive response state of the amplitude and phase of the induced electromagnetic field.
Still further, the reflective transparent super-surface is formed by periodically or non-periodically arranging the cells 41, thereby forming an effect of different electromagnetic responses in a manner and method similar to those of the transmissive type.
As shown in fig. 6, another embodiment of a reflective transparent metamaterial unit 42 is described with reference to fig. 6a to 6c, which show the following specific structure: the transparent substrate is formed by mutually bonding or pressing an upper layer transparent substrate 421, an upper layer transparent film functional layer 422, a middle transparent substrate 423 and a lower layer transparent film functional layer 424; the upper layer transparent substrate 421 plays a role in protecting the upper layer transparent film function layer 422; an artificial electromagnetic structure 426 with a specific design is arranged on the transparent thin film functional layer 422, a conductive patch designed as shown in fig. 6b is formed by one or more of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, tin antimony oxide, a graphene film and a metal nanowire, a flexible PIN diode 425 is attached to the conductive patch 426, and the flexible PIN diode 425 is in a thin film form, so that the flexible PIN diode 425 can be better attached to the upper transparent thin film functional layer 422 and has certain light transmittance;
having an integral conductive patch 428 on the lower transparent thin film functional layer 424 to form an electromagnetic reference ground; the edge of the artificial electromagnetic structure patch 426 is provided with a metal nanowire or a microstrip 427 as a dc feed and control line, which can be communicated with the adjacently arranged units to form a parallel feed/serial control mode, or can be independently fed and controlled by dc.
And further expanding, for the transmission type or reflection type metamaterial unit, electric control materials such as liquid crystal and liquid metal can be filled between the transparent film function layer and the transparent substrate through a micro-nano process, the shape or on/off of the conductive patch of the artificial electromagnetic structure, the equivalent dielectric constant and loss factor of the artificial electromagnetic structure and the like can be changed through voltage or current, and therefore the amplitude or phase and amplitude-phase comprehensive response state of different electromagnetic fields on the metamaterial unit can be achieved.
The transparent metamaterial unit structure filled with liquid metal in the middle is described with reference to fig. 7a to 7 c: the transparent metamaterial unit 51 is formed by mutually bonding or pressing an upper transparent film functional layer 511, a transparent substrate 513 and a lower transparent film functional layer 512; the transparent substrate 513 is one or more of common glass, quartz glass, organic glass and PET and PEN transparent flexible materials; liquid metal is filled between the transparent film function layer 511 and the transparent substrate 513, the transparent substrate 513 is processed or etched by a micro-nano process to form a runner 515, the liquid metal is bound in the runner 515, and the liquid metal can flow in the runner by loading voltage to form artificial electromagnetic structures 516 with different lengths; the edge of the flow channel 515 in the unit structure is communicated with the via hole structure 514 embedded in the transparent substrate 513, so that the via hole structure 514 forms a control line for voltage regulation; the lower transparent film functional layer 513 is provided with a complete conductive patch 517 to form an electromagnetic reference ground, and the conductive patch 517 is also formed by one or more of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, tin antimony oxide, a graphene film and a metal nanowire. By changing the artificial electromagnetic structures 516 with different lengths, the unit structure of the transparent metamaterial filled with the liquid metal can realize the reconstruction and regulation of the electromagnetic wave reflection phase. Fig. 7 shows a reflective super-surface unit structure.
The cell structure of the transparent metamaterial with liquid crystal filled in the middle is described with reference to fig. 8a and 8 b: the transparent metamaterial unit 61 is formed by mutually bonding or pressing an upper transparent film functional layer 611, a transparent substrate 612 and a lower transparent film functional layer 613, and the transparent film functional layers 611 and 613 are of a symmetrical structure; liquid crystal materials 615 are respectively filled between the upper layer transparent film functional layer 611 and the transparent substrate 612, and between the transparent substrate 612 and the lower layer transparent film functional layer 613; a designed artificial electromagnetic structure 617, such as a rectangular conductive patch, is arranged on the transparent film functional layer 611 or 613, and is formed by one or more of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, tin antimony oxide, a graphene film and a metal nanowire, and is formed on the transparent film functional layer 611 or 613 by etching, photoetching, or chemical corrosion, or electroplating; a buried via structure 616 is provided in the transparent substrate 612 of the cell structure as a feed line for regulating the voltage or current applied to the liquid crystal material. By changing different current or voltage values, the dielectric constant and the loss factor of the liquid metal filled in the unit 61 are changed, so that the frequency response of the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the unit 61 is changed, and the reconstruction regulation is realized. Fig. 8 shows a cell structure of the transmissive super-surface.
Without loss of generality, the reflection type transparent metamaterial units or the transmission type transparent metamaterial units are periodically or non-periodically arranged to form the transparent super surface, can be arranged in a mode of uniformly spacing full arrays, and can also be arranged in a mode of non-uniformly spacing thin arrays, so that the cost is saved, the structure is simplified, and meanwhile, the visible light transmittance of the transparent super surface can be further improved.
The electromagnetic space regulation and control system formed by the transparent super surface generally comprises at least one transparent super surface, a driving and control module and a self-adaptive control processor; the system also can be provided with a plurality of transparent super surfaces, a driving and control module and an adaptive control processor, or a plurality of transparent super surfaces, a plurality of driving and control modules and an adaptive control processor, and the transparent super surfaces, the driving and control modules and the adaptive control processor are installed and deployed in a distributed mode to adapt to different application scenes. For distributed collaboration, it can work in a synchronous or asynchronous manner.
The adaptive control processor of the electromagnetic space control system formed by the transparent super surface provides adaptive control strategies and methods for the driving and control module and the control/logic chip thereof, and trains and optimizes artificial intelligence for the strategies and methods; further optionally, the adaptive control processor may be integrated with other sensors, such as a light sensor, a sound sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a gyroscope, and the like, and may sense the external comprehensive environment; and providing a regulated environment and reference input for the adaptive control processor through data fed back by the sensor so as to guide the adaptive control processor to train or optimize according to a regulation strategy or method.
Without loss of generality, the electromagnetic space regulation system formed by the transparent super surface can be applied as follows.
The electromagnetic space regulation and control system formed by the transmission type transparent super surface can realize the application of the access and coverage optimization scene of indoor wireless signals of buildings, particularly the defect that the traditional mobile communication signals are difficult to directly access/cover indoor coverage blind areas of high-rise buildings and millimeter wave indoor coverage of 5G mobile communication, the wireless signals of other signal coverage devices such as a macro base station, a micro base station, a repeater station and the like are directly accessed into the indoor space by deploying the transmission type electromagnetic space regulation and control system on an external window of the building, different unit state combinations, namely codes with different efficacies, of the transparent super surface functional layer at the outer side and the transparent super surface functional layer at the inner side can be regulated and controlled through the adaptive control processor of the electromagnetic space regulation and control system, namely transmitted electromagnetic waves are regulated and controlled from multi-dimensional characteristics such as time-space-frequency and the like, meanwhile, the indoor coverage effect is adaptively optimized according to different user numbers or indoor layouts.
For example, the first transmissive transparent super surface 71 and the second transmissive transparent super surface 72 constitute a distributed electromagnetic space regulation system, and are interconnected through an optical fiber; the third transparent transmission-type super surface 73 is an independently deployed electromagnetic space regulation and control system; the adaptive control processor is deployed in an equipment room, a machine room or a certain room of a building.
The electromagnetic space regulation and control system formed by the transmission type transparent super surface can realize the application of accessing and covering optimized scenes of wireless signals in a carriage, particularly the application of the transmission type electromagnetic space regulation and control system on the defects that the traditional mobile communication signals have poor covering effect on the carriage such as a high-speed rail and the like and 5G mobile communication millimeter waves are difficult to directly access/cover the carriage, the wireless signals of other signal covering devices such as a macro base station, a micro base station, a repeater and the like are directly accessed into the carriage by deploying the transmission type electromagnetic space regulation and control system on an external window of the vehicle or the high-speed rail, different codes of the transparent super surface at the inner side and the outer side of the carriage or a window in the cabin can be respectively regulated and controlled through an adaptive control processor of the electromagnetic space regulation and control system, namely transmitted electromagnetic waves are regulated and controlled according to the number of different users or the layout of, the effect of indoor coverage is adaptively optimized.
For example, the fourth transparent transmission-type super surface 81 and the fifth transparent transmission-type super surface 82 form a distributed electromagnetic space regulation system on an external window of a high-speed rail, and are interconnected through an optical fiber; the sixth transparent super surface 83 is an electromagnetic space regulation and control system which is independently deployed on an outer window of the passenger car; the adaptive control processor is deployed in the vehicle, and further can be integrated with other sensors, such as a temperature and humidity sensor, a gyroscope, a GPS and the like, so that the beam direction, the power and even the adaptive beam forming of the received/transmitted electromagnetic waves can be further adaptively controlled according to the conditions of the geographic position, the driving speed, the attitude of the vehicle and the like, and wireless signals can be better accessed.
The electromagnetic space regulation and control system formed by the reflective transparent super surface can be applied to outdoor wireless transmission optimization, and by deploying the reflective electromagnetic space regulation and control system on an outer vertical surface or an outer window of a building, other signals such as a macro base station, a micro base station and a repeater station are optimized in space transmission, and coverage optimization, non-line-of-sight relay and local signal enhancement are performed on an outdoor wireless transmission channel, namely reflected electromagnetic waves are regulated and controlled from multi-dimensional characteristics such as time-space-frequency characteristics.
For example, the first reflective transparent super surface 91 and the second reflective transparent super surface 92 form a distributed electromagnetic space regulation and control system, which are interconnected through optical fibers, and perform coverage optimization and signal enhancement together with a base station for a user dense area, thereby improving coverage quality; the third reflective transparent super surface 93 is an independently deployed electromagnetic space regulation and control system, and performs relay transmission and signal blindness compensation for users covered by buildings and in non-line-of-sight; the fourth reflective transparent super-surface 94 is an independently deployed electromagnetic space regulation and control system, and is used for performing local signal enhancement, directional regulation and control and improving the signal connection quality of users with weak coverage far away from the base station; the adaptive control processor is deployed in an equipment room, a machine room or a certain room of a building, and can further adaptively control the beam direction and power of electromagnetic waves on the outer side and even adaptive beam forming according to the monitoring of a base station side or a cloud server, so that the wireless signals transmitted and covered are better optimized, the channel performance is optimized, the transmission efficiency and the communication quality are improved, and the interference among different receiving devices is even reduced.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An electromagnetic space control system formed by a transparent super surface, which is characterized by at least comprising: the system comprises a transparent super surface, a driving and control module and an adaptive control processor; the transparent super surface is formed by arranging super material units with transmission function to electromagnetic wave/electromagnetic field, or the transparent super surface is formed by arranging super material units with reflection function to electromagnetic wave/electromagnetic field; the driving and control module is connected with the transparent super surface, and the transparent super surface is used for regulating and controlling electromagnetic waves/electromagnetic fields by driving and controlling current, voltage or on/off of an electric adjusting element of the super-structure material unit; the adaptive control processor is connected with the driving and control module and controls the driving and control module to realize adaptive control of the state of the metamaterial unit.
2. The electromagnetic space control system formed by the transparent super surface according to claim 1, wherein the driving and control module is connected with the transparent super surface by a cable or a plug-in manner, and the adaptive control processor is connected with the driving and control module by a cable or a plug-in manner.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the adaptive control processor is integrated with one or more of a light sensor, a sound sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a gyroscope, and provides controlled environment and reference input for the adaptive control processor through data fed back by the sensors.
4. The electromagnetic space regulation system formed by the transparent super surface according to claim 1, wherein the metamaterial unit having a transmission function for electromagnetic waves/fields at least comprises an upper transparent thin film functional layer, a transparent substrate and a lower transparent thin film functional layer, wherein conductive patches are arranged on the upper and lower transparent thin film functional layers, the conductive patches on each layer are connected through an electric tuning element, and the conductive patches on the upper transparent thin film functional layer and the lower transparent thin film functional layer are electrically communicated.
5. The electromagnetic space regulation system formed by the transparent super surface according to claim 1, wherein the metamaterial unit having a reflection function to the electromagnetic wave/field at least comprises an upper transparent thin film functional layer, a transparent substrate and a lower transparent thin film functional layer; the upper layer transparent film functional layer is provided with a conductive patch, the conductive patch is connected through an electric tuning element, the lower layer transparent film functional layer is provided with an electromagnetic reference ground formed by a conductive sheet, and the upper layer transparent film functional layer is electrically communicated with the conductive patch of the lower layer transparent film functional layer.
6. The electromagnetic space regulation and control system formed by the transparent super surface according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that electrically tunable materials are filled between the transparent thin film functional layer of the metamaterial unit and the transparent substrate, and the electrically tunable materials are electrically connected with the transparent thin film functional layer of the metamaterial unit and the transparent substrate.
7. The system of claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein the electrical tuning element is any one of a PIN diode, a varactor, a FET, a MEMS device, and a power amplifier or a low noise amplifier chip.
8. The system of claim 4 or 5, wherein the transparent substrate is one or more of ordinary glass, quartz glass, plexiglass, and PET or PEN transparent flexible material.
9. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the metamaterial units on the transparent super surface are arranged in a uniformly-spaced full array or a non-uniformly-spaced sparse array.
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| CN113241530A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-08-10 | 华中科技大学 | Intelligent super surface and control method thereof |
| CN113488776A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-10-08 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Super surface structure |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113241530A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-08-10 | 华中科技大学 | Intelligent super surface and control method thereof |
| CN113488776A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-10-08 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Super surface structure |
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