CN212567302U - Portable wheel geometric parameter measuring system - Google Patents
Portable wheel geometric parameter measuring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN212567302U CN212567302U CN202020916268.0U CN202020916268U CN212567302U CN 212567302 U CN212567302 U CN 212567302U CN 202020916268 U CN202020916268 U CN 202020916268U CN 212567302 U CN212567302 U CN 212567302U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a portable wheel geometric parameters measurement system belongs to track traffic technical field. The utility model discloses a laser controller control laser sensor among the measurement system, laser sensor send laser and gather wheel profile data, and the encoder links to each other with meter rice wheel, and the wheel side sets up the response piece, and during the wheel rotation, the response piece triggers inductive switch, and laser controller begins to take notes wheel profile data to according to the trigger pulse of encoder, a wheel profile curve is gathered to certain pulse data of every. The utility model discloses can once measure and obtain the rim height, the rim is thick, the rim integrated value, tread footpath jump, axle center footpath jump, skew footpath jump isopiestic geometric parameters to and the two-dimensional figure of visual display wheel application such as the axial profile curve of wheel, circumference profile curve, simultaneously, the utility model discloses still for some check out test set that only can measure the tread footpath jump provides one kind and obtains the method that the axle center footpath jumps.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a track traffic technical field, more specifically say, relate to a portable wheel geometric parameters measurement system.
Background
The wheel is one of the important vibration sources of rail transit vehicle vibration, and the application condition of the wheel directly influences the driving safety of a train. The vibration from the wheel mainly includes two aspects, namely tread deformation generated after the wheel is worn and eccentricity generated during wheel machining. For a new wheel or a wheel which is just turned, a tread circle and a rim vertex circle can be regarded as concentric standard circles, the tread deformation is 0, namely the tread radial run-out (the radial run-out based on the rim vertex circle center) is 0, but an axis center during processing is not concentric with the rim vertex circle center, namely the axial distance (the distance between the axis center and the rim vertex circle center) is not 0, and the axis radial run-out (the radial run-out based on the axis center) is not 0.
The wheel tread is deformed along with the abrasion of the wheel, and the wheel rim vertex circle is not abraded, so the abraded wheel tread circle and the wheel rim vertex circle are not concentric any more, but the abraded wheel tread has an own equivalent circle center, namely the equivalent circle center is deviated along with the abrasion of the wheel, and the radial jump taking the equivalent circle center as the reference is called the deviation radial jump. When the train runs, the wheel rolls on the basis of an equivalent circle center, and the vibration of the wheel needs to be measured by axle center radial run-out (tread surface and eccentricity), so the axle center radial run-out of the wheel needs to be obtained.
Through retrieval, the utility model patent of patent No. CN200720076529.7 discloses a portable railway wheel out-of-roundness and diameter measuring device, and the device lifts up the train wheel, makes it can use the axle center as the benchmark free rotation to measure the profile of wheel tread a week, obtain out-of-roundness (or the radius jump) of wheel, this out-of-roundness or radius jump is axle center radius jump, but the device need lift up the train wheel one by one and measure, and measurement efficiency is low, and measurement accuracy is also low. The patent number is CN 200720082608.9's utility model patent, discloses an online dynamic detection device of over-and-under type wheel tread face scratch and out-of-roundness, and the device direct mount is on the circuit, and the train is from the equipment on just can accomplish the detection of all wheels, and detection efficiency obtains improving, but the device's detection principle is with the tread footpath jump that the rim summit centre of a circle obtained as the benchmark, is not the axle center footpath jump.
In addition, the utility model with the patent number of CN200920266592.6 discloses a portable measuring device for the roughness of the circumferential surface of a wheel and the non-circular abrasion, wherein a laser head of a laser displacement sensor is fixed on a laser head supporting seat; the serial port and the USB interface of the laser displacement sensor are respectively connected with the serial port and the USB interface of the computer; the small wheel shaft of the small wheel mechanism is connected with an incremental photoelectric encoder, the signal output end of the incremental photoelectric encoder is connected with the control signal input end of the laser displacement sensor, and the measuring equipment can measure the surface roughness and the non-circular abrasion condition of the circumferences of various wheels on site. The utility model with the patent number 201320613795.4 discloses a portable measuring device for measuring the circumferential irregularity and the diameter of a rail vehicle wheel, wherein one side of the upper surface of a magnetic base of the measuring device is hinged with the lower end of a rotating arm, a rotating shaft at the upper end of the rotating arm is matched with a small wheel, and a rotary encoder is arranged on the rotating shaft; the middle part of the rotating arm is connected with the middle part of the upper surface of the magnetic base through a tension spring; a sensor support frame is fixed on the other side of the upper surface of the magnetic base, the upper end of the sensor support frame is connected with a displacement sensor fixing plate, and a displacement sensor is connected to the displacement sensor fixing plate in a threaded manner; the photoelectric trigger is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is also electrically connected with the displacement sensor and the rotary encoder. The equipment has the advantages of convenient carrying and easy assembly and disassembly. However, the above applications also have the problems of single measurement parameter and low measurement efficiency.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
1. Technical problem to be solved by the utility model
The utility model provides a portable wheel geometric parameters measurement system uses the utility model provides a parameter measurement system can once measure the diameter that obtains the wheel, rim height, rim thickness, rim integrated value, tread footpath jump, axle center footpath jump, skew footpath jump, axle margin, geometric parameters such as skew coefficient to and the axial profile curve of wheel, two-dimensional figure of visual display wheel application such as circumference profile curve, simultaneously, the utility model also provides a conversion method that tread footpath jump is to axle center footpath jump, provides a method that obtains axle center footpath jump for some check out test set that only can measure tread footpath jump.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a technical scheme does:
the utility model discloses a portable wheel geometric parameters measurement system, including laser controller, laser sensor, meter rice wheel, encoder and response piece, laser controller control laser sensor, laser sensor sends laser and gathers wheel profile data, the encoder links to each other with meter rice wheel, meter rice wheel hugs closely the wheel tread, the wheel side sets up the response piece, during the wheel rotation, the response piece triggers inductive switch, laser controller begins to take notes wheel profile data to according to the trigger pulse of encoder, a wheel profile curve is gathered to certain pulse data of every.
Furthermore, the measuring system comprises a laser adjusting unit, the laser adjusting unit comprises a bottom plate, an X-direction sliding plate and a Y-direction sliding plate, the X-direction sliding plate is arranged on the bottom plate and can move along the X direction of the bottom plate, an X-direction fastening knob is arranged on the bottom plate, and after the laser sensor is adjusted to the position required by the X direction, the X-direction fastening knob positions the X-direction sliding plate to enable the X-direction sliding plate not to move; the Y-direction sliding plate is arranged on the X-direction sliding plate and can move in the Y direction along the X-direction sliding plate, the Y-direction sliding plate is provided with a Y-direction fastening knob, and after the laser sensor is adjusted to a position required by the Y direction, the Y-direction fastening knob acts on the X-direction sliding plate to lock the Y-direction sliding plate.
Furthermore, the laser adjusting unit further comprises a laser angle adjusting assembly, the laser angle adjusting assembly comprises a horizontal angle adjusting knob and a laser mounting plate, the laser mounting plate is arranged on the Y-direction sliding plate, a rotating shaft is arranged on one side, connected with the Y-direction sliding plate, of the laser mounting plate, the horizontal angle adjusting knob drives the laser mounting plate to rotate through the rotating shaft, and the horizontal angle of the laser detection light beam is adjusted; meanwhile, a guide hole and a positioning hole are formed in the laser mounting plate, a positioning pin on the laser sensor is inserted into the positioning hole, a guide pin is inserted into the guide hole, and the laser sensor rotates by taking the positioning pin as an axis through adjusting the guide pin to adjust the pitch angle of the laser detection light beam.
Furthermore, the measuring system also comprises a metering wheel adjusting unit, the metering wheel adjusting unit comprises a movable plate, a support, a supporting plate and an encoder, the movable plate can move along the bottom plate, a movable plate fastening knob is arranged on the movable plate, and after the metering wheel is adjusted to a required position, the movable plate fastening knob acts on the bottom plate to lock the movable plate; the meter counting wheel is arranged on the supporting plate and connected with the encoder, a sliding block is arranged between the supporting plate and the support, the support is arranged on the movable plate, a spring is arranged inside the sliding block, the sliding block and the spring are used for enabling the meter counting wheel to be attached to a tread of the wheel tightly, when the wheel rotates, the meter counting wheel is driven to rotate at the same linear speed, and the encoder is driven to send out a pulse signal by the rotation of the meter counting wheel.
The utility model discloses a wheel geometric parameters measuring method, its step is:
acquiring data by using the parameter measuring system to obtain a tread axial contour curve;
step two, calculating each profile curve obtained in the step one, solving three parameters of rim height, rim thickness and rim comprehensive value, and finding out maximum rim height, minimum rim height, maximum rim thickness, minimum rim thickness, maximum rim comprehensive value, minimum rim comprehensive value and corresponding profile curve; averaging Y coordinates of each X coordinate on all the obtained contour curves, and outputting an average axial contour curve of the wheel;
step three, solving the diameter of the wheel, extracting a circumferential profile curve, and calculating the radial run-out of the wheel according to the extracted circumferential profile curve;
and step four, establishing a coordinate system 1 by taking the center of the rim vertex circle as an original point, establishing a coordinate system 2 by taking the axis as an original point, respectively performing circle fitting on the profiles of the nominal rolling circles in the two coordinate systems, calculating the center of the fitting circle, namely the equivalent center of the nominal rolling circle, determining the axis coordinate through the offset direction and the distance of the equivalent center relative to the center of the rim vertex circle and the axis, and calculating the axis radial run-out.
Furthermore, in the first step, the parameter measurement system can only obtain a part of wheel tread axial contour curve by one measurement, the obtaining of the tread axial contour curve is divided into two cases, the first case is that the type of the wheel tread is known, the distance d1 from the inner rim surface to the rim vertex and the height h1 from the measurement point to the nominal rolling circle are known, only a part of contour including the rim vertex and the nominal rolling circle needs to be measured, and the part of contour is spliced with the contour from the inner rim surface to the rim vertex after the known tread type to obtain the tread axial contour curve; the second condition is that the tread type of the wheel is unknown, a partial contour comprising an inner rim surface and a rim vertex is measured, a partial contour comprising the rim vertex and a nominal rolling circle is measured, and then the two sections of contours are spliced to obtain an axial contour curve of the tread.
Further, the specific process of splicing in the second case is as follows:
a.1, performing straight line fitting on the contour of the inner rim surface part in the measured contour to obtain the slope k of a fitted straight line;
a.2, rotating the contour in the counterclockwise direction by an angle of A degrees, wherein A is 90-arctank; the rotation formula is:
X＝(x-x0)cosA-(y-y0)sinA+x0
Y＝(x-x0)sinA+(y-y0)cosA+y0
wherein (X, Y) is a coordinate after rotation, (X, Y) is a coordinate before rotation, and (X)0,y0) Coordinates of the center of rotation; and then the contour curve obtained after rotation is spliced with a part of contour curve including the top point of the wheel rim and the nominal rolling circle, so that the axial contour curve of the wheel can be obtained.
Further, the specific process of the step two is as follows:
b.1, extracting the maximum value of the Y coordinate in each contour line obtained in the first step, and storing the maximum value in an array flangeY [ n ], wherein the average value of the maximum value is V _ flangeY; finding the X coordinate of the wheel rim vertex in each contour line, storing the X coordinate in an array flangeX [ n ], and simultaneously calculating an average value V _ flangeX;
b.2, according to the distance d1 from the inner rim surface to the rim vertex and the V _ flangeX, finding out the X coordinate of a nominal rolling circle as nominal _ circleX ═ V _ flangeX + (70-d1), directly finding out the point of each contour line with the X coordinate as nominal _ circleX, extracting the Y coordinate corresponding to the point, storing the Y coordinate in an array nominal _ circleX [ n ], and simultaneously finding out the average value V _ nominal _ circleX;
b.3, solving Y coordinates of the A measuring point and the B measuring point on each contour line, wherein the Y coordinates are AY [ i ] respectively]＝nominal_circleY[i]+h1And BY [ i]＝flangeY[i]-2 and finding the corresponding X coordinates, each placed in an array AX [ n ]]And BX [ n ]]In the formula, the calculation formula is:
wherein (AX)1,AY1)，(AX2,AY2) The coordinates of two points which are closest to the left and the right of the point A are obtained;
solving formula of BX is the same as AX, and then average X coordinates of A, B points are solved as V _ AX and V _ BX;
b.4, calculating three parameters of the wheel rim, wherein,
height of the wheel rim: sh ═ V _ flangeY-V _ nominal _ circleY
Thickness of the wheel rim: sd d1+ (V _ AX-V _ flangeY)
The comprehensive value of the wheel rim is as follows: qr V _ AX-V _ BX
And B.5, finding the maximum rim height, the minimum rim height, the maximum rim thickness, the minimum rim thickness, the maximum rim comprehensive value, the minimum rim comprehensive value and the corresponding profile curves, extracting the six axial profile curves, averaging the average Y coordinate of each X coordinate on all rim lines, and outputting the average axial profile curve of the wheel.
Further, the specific process of step three is:
b.6, calculating the wheel diameter D:
in the formula, N is the total pulse number sent by an encoder for collecting one circle of wheels, K is the pulse number sent by the encoder for measuring one circle of rotation of the meter wheel, and C is the perimeter of the meter wheel;
b.7, extracting a contour curve of a rim vertex circle with the axis as the reference, namely flangeY [ n ]; rolling the outline curve of the circle by taking the axis as a reference, namely nominal _ circleY [ n ]; the two extracted contours are subjected to phase difference to obtain a third nominal rolling circle contour curve which takes the center of the rim vertex circle as the reference, namely, a flap _ nominal _ circle [ n ], wherein the value of the third nominal rolling circle contour curve is flap _ nominal _ circle [ i ] - [ flap _ circle [ i ] - [ minor _ circle [ i ];
b.8, calculating the difference between the maximum value of the Y coordinate and the minimum value of the Y coordinate in each contour curve in the three extracted circumferential contour curves, namely the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the three data of flangeY [ n ], nominal _ circleY [ n ] and flangenominal _ circleY [ n ], namely the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the three data of the axle center reference rim vertex circle, the axle center reference nominal rolling circle radial run-out and the rim vertex circle center reference nominal rolling circle radial run-out.
Further, the specific process of step four is:
c.1, performing circle fitting on the nominal rolling circle profile taking the center of the rim vertex circle as the reference in a coordinate system 1 to obtain the center coordinates (X) of the fitting circle1，Y1) And calculating the radius of each point on the contour by using the center coordinates, wherein the difference between the maximum radius and the minimum radius is the deviation radius jump G1 relative to the center of the rim vertex circle, and
the eccentric quantity of the equivalent circle center relative to the circle center of the rim vertex circle is taken as the eccentric quantity;
c.2, in coordinate system 2Performing circle fitting on the nominal rolling circle profile with the axis as the reference to obtain the coordinates (X) of the center of the fitted circle2，Y2) And calculating the radius of each point on the contour by using the center coordinates, wherein the difference between the maximum radius and the minimum radius is the deviation radius jump G2 relative to the axis, and
the eccentricity of the equivalent circle center relative to the axis is taken as the eccentricity;
c.3, calculating the coordinate (X) of the axis in the coordinate system 13，Y3) Wherein X is3＝X1-X2，Y3＝Y1-Y2And is and
the distance between the axis and the center of the top circle of the wheel rim is the distance between the axis and the center of the top circle of the wheel rim, namely the distance between the axis and the wheel rim; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,
and (X)3，Y3) The image limiting position in the coordinate system 1 can obtain the included angle between the connecting line of the axis and the original point and the X-axis direction;
c.4 if only the nominal rolling circle profile taking the center of the rim vertex circle as the reference is adopted, P is required to be added when the axle center diameter jump is calculated3And cos α as known conditions, and thus can be represented by the system of equations:
find (X)3，Y3) In which Y is3Two solutions can be obtained, one of the solutions can be eliminated according to the quadrant where the axis is located, and the only axis coordinate (X) can be obtained3,Y3) Thus, the axial run-out can be obtained.
3. Advantageous effects
Adopt the technical scheme provided by the utility model, compare with existing well-known technique, have following apparent effect:
(1) the utility model discloses a measuring system, structural design is simple easily to operate, after utilizing this system to measure and handle data, can obtain the tread diameter jump of wheel, axle center diameter jump, skew diameter jump, the wheel flange apart from, the eccentricity etc., can also obtain wheel diameter, the rim height, the rim is thick, geometric parameters such as rim integrated value, the geometric parameters who obtains are more comprehensive, and can obtain the geometric parameters in the full girth scope of wheel, make the average value through measuring the geometric parameters in the full girth scope of wheel, it is many more than the geometric parameters precision that other online equipment and portable equipment only measured the wheel part and obtained;
(2) the utility model can also extract the circumferential profile curve of any position of the wheel tread and various axial profile curves, including a maximum wheel rim high axial profile curve, a minimum wheel rim high axial profile curve, a maximum wheel rim thick axial profile curve, a minimum wheel rim thick axial profile curve, a maximum wheel rim comprehensive value axial profile curve, a minimum wheel rim comprehensive value and an average axial profile curve; the contour curves can visually display the application state of the wheel, and provide reference for researching wheel vibration;
(3) the utility model discloses analyze out and jump the method that becomes axle center footpath jump with the tread footpath, combine the wheel circumference contour that online measuring equipment recorded, can give all wheel axle centers footpaths of train fast and jump, provide a method that obtains axle center footpath jump for some check out test set that only can measure tread footpath jump.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a state of use of the fixing unit of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser adjusting unit in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the laser adjusting unit according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the laser angle adjusting assembly of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the laser angle adjustment assembly of the present invention;
fig. 6 (a) - (c) are three views of the metering wheel adjusting unit of the present invention;
fig. 7 (a) - (c) are three views of the laser angle adjusting block of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a usage state diagram of the measurement module of the present invention;
fig. 9 (a) and (b) are axial profile graphs of the wheel tread of the present invention;
FIG. 10 (a) is a graph of a profile of raw data including the rim vertices and the nominal rolling circle; FIGS. 10 (b) - (a) are graphs showing data rotation before and after curves when the distance from the rim vertex to the inner rim surface is measured;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the axial profile of a wheel tread;
FIG. 12 is a graph of six axial profiles obtained in example 2.
The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:
1. a track;
2. a fixing unit; 21. a fixed seat; 22. a suction seat;
3. a laser adjusting unit; 31. a base plate; 311. an X-direction slide rail; 312. a movable plate slide rail; 32. an X-direction slide plate; 321. an X-direction chute; 322. driving the strip in the X direction; 323. a Y-direction slide rail; 33. an X-direction adjusting knob; 34. an X-direction fastening knob; 35. a Y-direction slide plate; 351. a Y-direction chute; 352. a Y-direction drive bar; 36. a Y-direction adjusting knob; 37. a Y-direction fastening knob; 38. a horizontal angle adjusting knob; 39. laser mounting plate; 391. a guide hole; 392. a rotating shaft; 310. a laser sensor; 3101. positioning pins; 3102. a guide pin;
4. a metering wheel adjusting unit; 41. a movable plate; 411. a movable plate chute; 412. a movable plate driving bar; 42. a movable plate adjusting knob; 43. the movable plate is fastened with a knob; 44. a support; 45. a support plate; 46. a slider; 47. a meter wheel; 48. an encoder;
5. a laser angle adjusting block; 51. a regulating block body; 511. a first adjustment slit; 52. an angle adjusting column; 53. a lateral ear; 531. a second adjustment slot;
6. a hose;
7. and (7) wheels.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the portable wheel geometric parameter measurement system of the embodiment is composed of three parts, namely a mechanical part, an electrical part and a software part, and structurally comprises a control module, a measurement module and a data processing module, wherein the control module mainly realizes control of each electrical element and data acquisition, the measurement module completes installation and fixation of equipment, adjustment of a sensor and the like, and the data processing module mainly realizes data processing and result display.
Wherein, the hardware of the control module comprises a power supply, a PLC control panel, a 2D laser controller, an encoder, an inductive switch and the like. The PLC control panel is responsible for the logic control of the whole measuring process. The 2D laser controller is used for controlling the 2D laser to acquire the wheel profile data. The encoder is connected with the meter counting wheel, the meter counting wheel is tightly attached to a wheel tread in the measuring process, when the wheel rotates, the meter counting wheel rotates along with the wheel, and the rotating linear speed is the same. The side of wheel is with a fixed response piece of magnet, and when the wheel rotated, the response piece triggered inductive switch, and the PLC control panel received trigger signal to control 2D laser controller and begin to record wheel profile data, and according to the trigger pulse of encoder, a wheel profile curve just is gathered to every certain pulse data, and when the wheel rotated a week, when the response piece triggered inductive switch once more, the collection was ended.
With reference to fig. 8, the measuring module is mainly a mechanical structure, and includes a fixing unit and an adjusting unit, the fixing unit (see fig. 1) includes a fixing base 21 and a suction base 22, the suction base 22 is a magnetic suction base, the suction base 22 is disposed on the fixing base 21, the fixing base 21 abuts against a side surface of the track 1, and the suction base 22 is located at the center of the track top and is used for fixing the whole mechanism on the top surface of the track 1.
The adjusting unit mainly comprises a laser adjusting unit 3 and a metering wheel adjusting unit 4, and referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to keep the distance between the 2D laser displacement sensor and the wheel within the measuring range, the front-back distance of the 2D laser displacement sensor relative to the wheel needs to be adjusted. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the profile curve measured by the 2D laser displacement sensor includes the rim vertex and the nominal rolling circle, it is necessary to adjust the left and right positions thereof.
The laser adjusting unit 3 shown in fig. 2 and 3 includes a base plate 31, an X-direction slide plate 32, and a Y-direction slide plate 35; the X-direction sliding plate 32 is arranged on the bottom plate 31, an X-direction sliding groove 321 is arranged on the lower surface of the X-direction sliding plate 32, the X-direction sliding groove 321 is matched with an X-direction sliding rail 311 arranged on the bottom plate 31, an X-direction driving strip 322 is further arranged on the lower surface of the X-direction sliding plate 32, a tooth-shaped structure is arranged on the X-direction driving strip 322, the X-direction adjusting knob 33 drives a gear to be matched with the X-direction driving strip 322, the X-direction sliding plate 32 is driven to move along the X-direction sliding rail 311, an X-direction fastening knob 34 is arranged on the bottom plate 31, and after the position required by the laser sensor 310 to the X direction is adjusted, the X-direction fastening.
Similarly, a Y-direction slide groove 351 is provided on the lower surface of the Y-direction slide plate 35, the Y-direction slide groove 351 is engaged with a Y-direction slide rail 323 provided on the X-direction slide plate 32, and the Y-direction slide rail 323 is perpendicular to the X-direction slide rail 311. The lower surface of the Y-direction sliding plate 35 is also provided with a Y-direction driving strip 352, the Y-direction driving strip 352 is provided with a toothed structure, the Y-direction adjusting knob 36 drives a gear to be matched with the Y-direction driving strip 352 to drive the Y-direction sliding plate 35 to move along the Y-direction sliding rail 323, the Y-direction sliding plate 35 is provided with a Y-direction fastening knob 37, and after the laser sensor 310 is adjusted to a required position in the Y direction, the Y-direction fastening knob 37 acts on the X-direction sliding plate 32 to lock the Y-direction sliding plate 35.
The laser sensor 310 has three angles with respect to the wheel 7 during measurement, i.e., a pitch angle, a horizontal angle, and a yaw angle. Wherein, vertical angle can be adjusted by the correction function of laser itself by oneself, and pitch angle and vertical angle need adjust well before measuring. The pitching adjustment standard is that the plane of the 2D laser detection beam passes through the normal line of the wheel 7, and the vertical angle adjustment standard is that the direction of the 2D laser beam is vertical to the axis of the wheel 7.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the laser adjusting unit 3 further includes a laser angle adjusting assembly, the laser angle adjusting assembly includes a horizontal angle adjusting knob 38 and a laser mounting plate 39, the laser mounting plate 39 is disposed on the Y-direction sliding plate 35, a rotating shaft 392 is disposed on one side of the laser mounting plate 39 connected to the Y-direction sliding plate 35, and the horizontal angle adjusting knob 38 drives the laser mounting plate 39 to rotate through the rotating shaft 392 to adjust the horizontal angle of the 2D laser detection beam. Meanwhile, the laser mounting plate 39 is provided with a guide hole 391 and a positioning hole, the positioning pin 3101 on the laser sensor 310 is inserted into the positioning hole, the guide pin 3102 is inserted into the guide hole 391, and the laser sensor 310 can rotate around the positioning pin 3101 as an axis by adjusting the guide pin 3102, so as to adjust the pitch angle of the 2D laser detection beam.
With reference to (a) - (c) of fig. 6, the present embodiment further provides a metering wheel adjusting unit 4, the metering wheel adjusting unit 4 includes a movable plate 41, a support 44, a support plate 45 and an encoder 48, a movable plate chute 411 is disposed at a bottom of the movable plate 41, the movable plate chute 411 is matched with a movable plate slide rail 312 disposed on the bottom plate 31, a movable plate driving bar 412 is further disposed at a bottom of the movable plate 41, a tooth-shaped structure is disposed on the movable plate driving bar 412, the movable plate adjusting knob 42 drives a gear to be matched with the movable plate driving bar 412 to drive the movable plate 41 to move along the movable plate slide rail 312, a movable plate fastening knob 43 is disposed on the movable plate 41, and after the metering wheel is adjusted to a desired position, the movable plate fastening knob 43 acts on the bottom plate. The meter counting wheel 47 is arranged on the supporting plate 45 and connected with the encoder 48, the sliding block 46 is arranged between the supporting plate 45 and the support 44, the support 44 is arranged on the movable plate 41, the spring is arranged inside the sliding block 46, the meter counting wheel 47 can be tightly attached to the tread of the wheel 7 under the action of the sliding block 46 and the spring, when the wheel 7 rotates, the meter counting wheel 47 is driven to rotate at the same linear speed, and the encoder 48 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the meter counting wheel 47 to send out a pulse signal.
Fig. 7 (a) - (c) show a laser angle adjusting block 5, wherein the adjusting block body 51 is L-shaped, one side of the adjusting block body 51 is provided with a side lug 53, the adjusting block body 51 is provided with a first adjusting slit 511, the side lug 53 is provided with a second adjusting slit 531, the first adjusting slit 511 and the second adjusting slit 531 are kept flush, and one side of the adjusting block body 51 away from the side lug 53 is provided with 2 angle adjusting columns 52, and the two angle adjusting columns 52 are arranged axially symmetrically by using the first adjusting slit 511 as an axis. The laser angle adjusting block 5 is matched with the laser sensor 310 for use, when the 2D laser angle is adjusted, the adjusting block body 51 is attached to the inner rim surface of the wheel 7, the two angle adjusting columns 52 are tightly pressed on the top point of the rim, so that the 2D laser detection light beam is flush with the first adjusting seam 511 and the second adjusting seam 531, and the laser light beam simultaneously passes through the first adjusting seam 511 and the second adjusting seam 531 (see fig. 8), thereby not only ensuring the horizontal angle, but also ensuring the pitch angle, and at the moment, the 2D laser detection light beam just passes through the normal line of the wheel and is perpendicular to the axis of the wheel.
In addition, this embodiment has still installed hose 6 on bottom plate 31, has set up inductive switch in the hose 6, and the wheel 7 side pastes the response piece, starts measuring when 7 rotations of wheel make the response piece trigger inductive switch, and when the wheel rotated a week, the measurement was ended when the response piece triggered inductive switch again, just gathered the profile data of wheel tread a week. A handle is also mounted on the base plate 31 for moving the measuring device.
The portable wheel geometric parameter measuring system is simple in structural design and easy to operate, can measure the geometric parameters comprehensively at one time, can measure the geometric parameters within the full circumference range of the wheel, and is much higher in accuracy than the geometric parameters obtained by only measuring the local part of the wheel by other online equipment and portable equipment.
Example 2
Based on the portable wheel geometric parameter measurement system described in embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for converting a wheel tread radial run-out to an axle center radial run-out, which specifically includes:
the raw data measured in this example is wheel tread axial profile curve data, and the complete wheel axial tread profile curve is shown in fig. 9.
With reference to fig. 9 (a) and (b), the raised portion of the wheel axial tread profile curve is the rim II, the highest point of the rim is the rim vertex, and the distance from the rim vertex to the inner rim surface I is d 1. A point on the tread III at a distance L1(L1 is generally 70mm) from the inner rim surface is called a nominal rolling circle V formed by surrounding the wheel tread for one circle, the intersection point of a distance h1(h1 is generally 10mm or 12mm, and the specific reference TBT449-2003) higher than the nominal rolling circle and the throat part of the rim is a measuring point of the rim thickness and QR, and the curve part of the tread III far away from the rim II is an outer rim surface IV.
Due to the limitation of the measuring range of the 2D laser displacement sensor, only partial wheel tread axial contour curves can be obtained by one-time measurement. The curve of the wheel axial tread profile shown in fig. 9 can be obtained in two cases, the first case is the case of the known wheel tread type, the distance d1 from the inner rim surface to the rim vertex can be known in advance, and the height h1 from the measurement point A to the nominal rolling circle (h1 is generally 10mm or 12mm), only the part of the profile containing the rim vertex and the nominal rolling circle needs to be measured and spliced with the profile of the part from the inner rim surface to the rim vertex after the known tread type. The second situation is that when the tread type of the wheel is unknown, because the tread types of the wheels on the same train are the same, a partial profile including an inner rim surface and a rim vertex is measured, then a partial profile including the rim vertex and a nominal rolling circle is measured, and then the two profiles are spliced to obtain the tread type of the wheel.
In the first case, the profile measured by the 2D laser displacement sensor is shown in fig. 10 (a), and only a part of the profile including the rim vertex and the nominal rolling circle is available, and since the tread type of the wheel is known and the profile from the inner rim surface to the rim vertex is not worn, the part of the profile can be directly spliced with the measured profile.
In the second case, in addition to the measurement of the contour shown in fig. 10 (a), the measurement of the contour including the portion from the inner rim surface to the apex of the contour is also required, as shown in fig. 10 (b). Because the profile of the inner rim surface needs to be measured, a certain angle must exist between the 2D laser displacement sensor and the inner rim surface of the wheel, so the measured profile shown in (a) in fig. 10 needs to be rotated to rotate the profile of the inner rim surface to be vertical, and the specific method is as follows:
a.1, performing straight line fitting on the contour of the inner rim surface part in the measured contour to obtain the slope k of a fitted straight line;
and A.2, rotating the contour in a counterclockwise direction by a rotation angle (A ═ 90-arctank), wherein the rotation formula is as follows:
X＝(x-x0)cosA-(y-y0)sinA+x0
Y＝(x-x0)sinA+(y-y0)cosA+y0
wherein (X, Y) is a coordinate after rotation, (X, Y) is a coordinate before rotation, and (X)0,y0) Is the coordinate of the center of rotation. The profile curve obtained after the rotation is shown in fig. 10 (c). Then, the curve shown in (c) in fig. 10 is spliced with the curve shown in (a) in fig. 10, so that the wheel axial profile curve can be obtained.
When d1 is a known quantity, step A can be omitted, and the calculation process is:
and B.1, extracting the maximum value of the Y coordinate in each contour line, wherein the maximum value is the displacement value of the wheel rim vertex, storing the maximum value in a flangeY [ n ] array, the average value of the maximum value is V _ flangeY, finding the X coordinate of the wheel rim vertex in each contour line, storing the X coordinate in an array flangeX [ n ], and simultaneously calculating the average value V _ flangeX.
And B.2, according to d1 and V _ flangeX, finding out that the X coordinate of the nominal rolling circle is nominal _ circleX ═ V _ flangeX + (70-d1), directly finding out a point of which the X coordinate is nominal _ circleX in each contour line, extracting a Y coordinate corresponding to the point, namely the Y coordinate of the nominal rolling circle, storing an array of nominal _ circleX [ n ], and simultaneously finding out an average value V _ nominal _ circleX.
B.3, calculating Y coordinates of the point A and the point B on each contour line, wherein the Y coordinates are AY [ i ] respectively]＝nominal_circleY[i]+h1And BY [ i]＝flangeY[i]-2 and find their corresponding X coordinates, placed in the array AX [ n ] respectively]And BX [ n ]]In the formula, the calculation formula is:
(the solving formula of BX is the same as AX), in the formula, (AX1, AY1), (AX2, AY2) are coordinates of two points which are closest to the left and right sides of the point a (or B) to be obtained (the closest point can be obtained because points collected by the 2D laser displacement sensor are discrete). The average X coordinates of the two points are determined A, B as V _ AX and V _ BX.
And B.4, solving three parameters of the wheel rim, wherein the wheel rim height Sh is V _ deflection Y-V _ nominal _ circleY, the wheel rim thickness is Sd-d 1+ (V _ AX-V _ deflection), and the wheel rim comprehensive value is Qr-V _ AX-V _ BX
And B.5, extracting the axial profile curve of the wheel. From the above calculations, the maximum rim height, the minimum rim height, the maximum rim thickness, the minimum rim thickness, the maximum rim integrated value, the minimum rim integrated value, and their corresponding profile curves can be found, and the six axial profile curves can be extracted, as shown in fig. 12, it can be seen that the six profile curves almost coincide. In addition, the average Y coordinate of each X coordinate on all the contour lines obtained in the steps B.1, B.2 and B.3 can be obtained, and the average axial contour curve of the wheel can be output.
And B.6, calculating the diameter of the wheel.
In the formula, N is the total pulse quantity sent by the encoder for collecting one circle of the wheel, K is the pulse quantity sent by the encoder for rotating one circle of the metering wheel, and C is the perimeter of the metering wheel.
B.7, extracting a circumferential profile curve. The embodiment measures the circumferential profile curve of any position on the wheel tread, has three values, one is the profile curve of the rim vertex circle taking the axle center as the benchmark, namely flangeY [ n ]; secondly, rolling the outline curve of the circle in the nominal mode by taking the axis as a reference, namely nominal _ circleY [ n ]; and (3) performing phase difference on the two extracted contours to obtain a third nominal rolling circle contour curve taking the center of the rim vertex circle as the reference, namely, a flap _ nominal _ circle [ n ], wherein the value of the third nominal rolling circle contour curve is flap _ nominal _ circle [ i ] -flap _ circle [ i ] - [ minor _ circle [ i ].
B.8, calculating radial run out. In the three extracted circumferential profile curves, an X coordinate is the circumference of the wheel, a Y coordinate is a distance value measured by the 2D laser displacement sensor, and the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the Y coordinate in each profile curve is the radial run-out of each profile curve, namely the maximum value and the minimum value in three data of flangeY [ n ], non _ cyclic [ n ] and flange _ non _ cyclic [ n ]. They are respectively the radial runout of the axis reference rim vertex circle, the axis reference nominal rolling circle radial runout, namely the axis radial runout; and the radial run-out of the rolling circle is the radial run-out of the wheel rim vertex circle center reference nominal, namely the tread radial run-out.
Because the wheel rim vertex circle is not worn and is always a standard circle, the shape of the nominal rolling circle profile taking the center of the wheel rim vertex circle as the reference is completely the same as that of the nominal rolling circle profile taking the axis as the reference, and only the eccentricity of the two profiles caused by the difference of the coordinates of the centers of the circles is caused, namely after one of the profiles is translated for a certain distance (the distance between the axes and the edges) along a certain direction (the direction of the offset of the circle center), the two profiles can be completely superposed. Therefore, in the conversion of the tread radial jump to the axle center radial jump, the key problem to be solved is to find the axle center coordinate in the nominal rolling circle profile taking the center of the rim vertex circle as the reference, and then recalculate the maximum radius and the minimum radius through the axle center coordinate, so as to obtain the axle center radial jump.
In a nominal rolling circle profile taking the center of a rim vertex circle as a reference, the origin of coordinates of the profile is the center of the rim vertex circle, and in order to obtain the axis coordinates in the coordinate system, only the distance between the axes is not enough, and the offset direction of the axis relative to the center (namely the origin) of the rim vertex circle needs to be known, so that the embodiment provides an intermediate quantity capable of linking the two centers of circles, namely the equivalent center of the nominal rolling circle. For convenience of description, in the present embodiment, a coordinate system established with the center of the rim vertex circle as the origin is referred to as a coordinate system 1, and then the nominal rolling circle profile with the center of the rim vertex circle as the reference is in the coordinate system 1; if the coordinate system established with the axis as the origin is referred to as the coordinate system 2, the nominal rolling circle profile based on the axis is in the coordinate system 2, and as described above, the two profiles have the same shape and only have a positional deviation caused by eccentricity. If circle fitting is respectively carried out on the profiles of the nominal rolling circles in the two coordinate systems, the circle center of the fitting circle, namely the equivalent circle center of the nominal rolling circle, is solved, and the offset directions of the equivalent circle center and the rim vertex circle center and the axis can be determined according to the offset directions and distances of the equivalent circle center relative to the circle center and the axis of the rim vertex circle. The method comprises the following steps:
c.1, performing circle fitting on the nominal rolling circle profile taking the center of the rim vertex circle as the reference in a coordinate system 1 to obtain the center coordinates (X) of the fitting circle1，Y1) And the wheel is obtained according to the coordinates of the center of the circleRadii of points on the profile, wherein the difference between the maximum radius and the minimum radius is the offset radius G1 from the center of the rim apex circle, and
the eccentricity of the equivalent circle center relative to the circle center of the rim vertex circle is shown.
C.2, performing circle fitting on the nominal rolling circle profile taking the axis as the reference in the coordinate system 2 to obtain the center coordinates (X) of the fitting circle2，Y2) And calculating the radius of each point on the contour by using the center coordinates, wherein the difference between the maximum radius and the minimum radius is the deviation radius jump G2 relative to the axis, and
the eccentricity of the equivalent circle center relative to the axis is shown.
C.3, calculating the coordinate (X) of the axis in the coordinate system 13，Y3) Wherein X is3＝X1-X2，Y3＝Y1-Y2And is and
namely the distance between the axis and the center of the rim vertex circle, namely the distance between the axis and the rim. At the same time, the user can select the desired position,
and (X)3，Y3) The image-limiting position in the coordinate system 1 can obtain the included angle between the connecting line of the axis and the origin and the X-axis direction.
C.4 if only the nominal rolling circle profile (namely the profile measured by only on-line dynamic detection equipment) taking the center of the rim vertex circle as the reference is available, P is required to be used for calculating the axle center diameter jump3And cos α as known conditions, it is reasonable to take these two quantities as known conditions, since the rim vertices are not worn once the wheel is machined or turned, and the position of the rim vertex circle center with respect to the axis center is fixed and does not change. Thus, by the system of equations:
find (X)3，Y3) In which Y is3Two solutions can be obtained, one of the solutions can be eliminated according to the quadrant where the axis is located, and the only axis coordinate (X) can be obtained3，Y3) The coordinate of any point i on the contour is (x)i，yi) Then the radius of the point
Then from RiAnd finding the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value to obtain the axis radial jump.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, and the description is not limited thereto, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching of the present invention, without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, the person skilled in the art should also design the similar structural modes and embodiments without creativity to the technical solution, and all shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A portable wheel geometry measurement system, comprising: including laser controller, laser sensor (310), meter rice wheel (47), encoder (48) and response piece, laser controller control laser sensor (310), laser sensor (310) send laser and gather wheel profile data, encoder (48) link to each other with meter rice wheel (47), meter rice wheel (47) hug closely wheel (7) tread, wheel (7) side sets up the response piece, the response piece can trigger inductive switch during the wheel rotation, laser controller can record wheel profile data, and according to the trigger pulse of encoder (48), a wheel profile curve is gathered to every certain pulse data.
2. A portable wheel geometry parameter measurement system according to claim 1 wherein: the measuring system comprises a laser adjusting unit (3), wherein the laser adjusting unit (3) comprises a bottom plate (31), an X-direction sliding plate (32) and a Y-direction sliding plate (35), the X-direction sliding plate (32) is arranged on the bottom plate (31) and can move along the X-direction of the bottom plate (31), an X-direction fastening knob (34) is arranged on the bottom plate (31), and after the laser sensor (310) is adjusted to a position required by the X-direction, the X-direction fastening knob (34) positions the X-direction sliding plate (32) to enable the X-direction sliding plate not to move; the Y-direction sliding plate (35) is arranged on the X-direction sliding plate (32) and can move along the X-direction sliding plate (32) in the Y direction, the Y-direction sliding plate (35) is provided with a Y-direction fastening knob (37), and after the laser sensor (310) is adjusted to a required position in the Y direction, the Y-direction fastening knob (37) acts on the X-direction sliding plate (32) to lock the Y-direction sliding plate (35).
3. A portable wheel geometry parameter measurement system according to claim 2 wherein: the laser adjusting unit (3) further comprises a laser angle adjusting assembly, the laser angle adjusting assembly comprises a horizontal angle adjusting knob (38) and a laser mounting plate (39), the laser mounting plate (39) is arranged on the Y-direction sliding plate (35), a rotating shaft (392) is arranged on one side, connected with the Y-direction sliding plate (35), of the laser mounting plate (39), the horizontal angle adjusting knob (38) drives the laser mounting plate (39) to rotate through the rotating shaft (392), and the horizontal angle of the laser detection light beam is adjusted; meanwhile, a guide hole (391) and a positioning hole are formed in the laser mounting plate (39), a positioning pin (3101) on the laser sensor (310) is inserted into the positioning hole, a guide pin (3102) is inserted into the guide hole (391), and the laser sensor (310) rotates by taking the positioning pin (3101) as an axis through adjusting the guide pin (3102), so that the pitch angle of the laser detection light beam is adjusted.
4. A portable wheel geometry parameter measurement system according to claim 2 or claim 3 wherein: the measuring system further comprises a metering wheel adjusting unit (4), the metering wheel adjusting unit (4) comprises a movable plate (41), a support (44), a supporting plate (45) and an encoder (48), the movable plate (41) can move along the bottom plate (31), a movable plate fastening knob (43) is arranged on the movable plate (41), and after the metering wheel (47) is adjusted to a required position, the movable plate fastening knob (43) acts on the bottom plate (31) to lock the movable plate (41); meter rice wheel (47) set up on backup pad (45) and connect encoder (48), set up slider (46) between backup pad (45) and support (44), support (44) set up on fly leaf (41), slider (46) inside sets up the spring, slider (46) and spring's effect can paste meter rice wheel (47) tight wheel (7) tread, when wheel (7) rotated, drive meter rice wheel (47) and rotate with the same linear velocity, meter rice wheel (47)'s rotation drives encoder (48) and sends pulse signal.
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| CN111595263A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-28 | 马鞍山市雷狮轨道交通装备有限公司 | Portable wheel geometric parameter measuring system and method |
| CN111595263B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2024-04-26 | 马鞍山市雷狮轨道交通装备有限公司 | Portable wheel geometric parameter measurement system and method |
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