CN212513338U - Lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN212513338U CN212513338U CN202021185502.3U CN202021185502U CN212513338U CN 212513338 U CN212513338 U CN 212513338U CN 202021185502 U CN202021185502 U CN 202021185502U CN 212513338 U CN212513338 U CN 212513338U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection early warning comprehensive experiment system, which comprises an explosion-proof box body, a weight detection sensor, an infrared fire detector, a gas detector, a smoke detector, a first thermocouple, a second thermocouple, a thermal flowmeter and an NI data acquisition system; the experiment platform is small in size, low in cost and high in practicability, early warning of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery and detection of the thermal runaway characteristic can be achieved at the same time, and the functions are comprehensive; the method for detecting the fire disaster by using the multi-technology cooperative detection method based on the infrared thermal imaging detection technology, the gas concentration analysis technology, the photoelectric smoke sensing detection technology and the like is adopted to analyze the heat distribution, the gas component distribution and the smoke particle characteristics of the fire disaster, so that the time for judging the fire disaster and the false alarm rate of the fire disaster can be effectively reduced, the defect of single smoke detection is overcome, and the battery fire disaster can be detected more accurately and rapidly.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a lithium ion battery tests technical field, concretely relates to lithium ion battery thermal runaway conflagration detection early warning comprehensive experiment system.
Background
At present, most of lithium battery experiment platforms are large experiment cabins, the cost is high when the lithium battery experiment platforms are built, and the functions are single. In addition, the photoelectric smoke detection alarm is widely used in lithium battery fire detection at present, but the photoelectric smoke detection alarm has the defects of high false alarm rate of fire, delayed alarm, incapability of detecting the temperature of combustible materials and the like, and cannot meet the fire detection requirement. Besides the smoke sensing detection technology, the method mainly comprises an infrared temperature detection technology, an optical fiber temperature detection technology, an image detection technology, a gas concentration detection technology and the like. By using an infrared thermal imaging detection method, the internal temperature change of the goods cannot be sensed, and the fire detection capability of the internal fire or smoldering mode of the goods is weak. When the optical fiber is used as a signal sensing and transmission medium, the optical fiber is suitable for places which are not easy to approach, is not interfered by electromagnetism, humidity and the like, and can be used in tunnels, large transformers and special occasions. However, for a limited space with a small spatial dimension, the detection optical fiber cannot be close to the surface of an object or arranged in a gap of the object, so that the temperature distribution and the change of the goods cannot be accurately sensed, the temperature distribution of the goods near the cabin wall can be detected only, and the method is not suitable for detecting internal combustible fire. The image detection technology is used for detection, and the detection can be carried out only after the combustible generates flame, so that the fire finding time is greatly delayed from that of the common smoke sensing equipment. Although a gas sensor has high detection sensitivity and a low false alarm rate, an electrochemical reaction film inside the sensor is easily worn to reduce the sensitivity, and the electrochemical reaction film needs to be maintained, calibrated and the like at irregular intervals. The single fire detection technology cannot meet the fire detection requirement of the lithium battery in civil aviation transportation at present, and the problems of high false alarm rate, delayed alarm and the like of the lithium battery fire detection are urgently solved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the shortcoming of the prior art, the utility model aims at providing a lower, the practicality of cost is strong, can realize carrying out the lithium ion battery thermal runaway conflagration detection early warning comprehensive experiment system that detects to lithium ion battery thermal runaway's process and thermal runaway characteristic.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme, a lithium ion battery thermal runaway conflagration detection early warning comprehensive experiment system, include:
an explosion-proof box body;
the weight detection sensor is arranged at the bottom of the explosion-proof box body and used for detecting the weight of the lithium ion battery;
the infrared fire detector is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body and is used for detecting and imaging the heat distribution generated by the lithium ion battery in a fire;
the gas detector is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body and is used for detecting components and distribution conditions of gas generated when the lithium ion battery is in fire;
the smoke detector is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body and used for detecting the characteristics of smoke particles generated by the lithium electronic battery in a fire disaster;
the first thermocouple is arranged on the side wall of the lithium ion battery to be detected and is used for detecting the wall surface temperature of the lithium ion battery;
the second thermocouple is arranged above the lithium ion battery and used for detecting the temperature of flame smoke generated by the lithium ion battery in a fire;
the thermal flowmeter is arranged in the explosion-proof box body and positioned right above the lithium ion battery and used for detecting the thermal flow of the lithium ion battery and collecting the detected data through a paperless recorder; and the NI data acquisition system is used for acquiring the temperature data detected by the first thermocouple and the second thermocouple.
The top of the explosion-proof box body is provided with a smoke exhaust pipeline, the end part of the smoke exhaust pipeline is provided with an exhaust fan, and the middle part of the smoke exhaust pipeline is connected with a smoke collection pipeline communicated with the smoke exhaust pipeline.
And the smoke collection pipeline is internally provided with a filtering device, a drying device and a smoke concentration analyzer from inside to outside in sequence.
The weight detection sensor is an electronic balance, and heat insulation cotton is arranged on the electronic balance.
The explosion-proof box body comprises a cabin body made of stainless steel materials and an explosion-proof glass door movably connected to the front end of the cabin body.
The upper end of the explosion-proof box body inclines towards the center of the top of the explosion-proof box body, and the slope height of the inclination is 15 cm; the smoke exhaust pipeline is arranged at the center of the top of the explosion-proof box body.
The anti-explosion glass door is characterized by further comprising a camera for recording the process of fire of the lithium battery placed in the anti-explosion box body, and the camera is located right in front of the anti-explosion glass door.
And a heating rod for heating the lithium ion battery is arranged in the explosion-proof box body.
And a plurality of wire holes are respectively formed in the bottoms of the two sides of the explosion-proof box body.
A lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment method is carried out according to the following method:
s1, placing a lithium ion battery on heat insulation cotton on an electronic balance in an explosion-proof box, winding a first thermocouple on the lithium ion battery, fixing a heating rod on the lithium ion battery, closing an explosion-proof glass door of the explosion-proof box, and placing a camera right in front of the explosion-proof glass door;
s2, the heating rod heats the lithium ion battery until the lithium ion battery catches fire, the first thermocouple is used for detecting the temperature change of the lithium ion battery when the electric heating rod is heated, and the second thermocouple is used for detecting the flame temperature generated by the lithium ion battery after catching fire;
and S3, collecting the temperatures detected by the first thermocouple and the second thermocouple by the NI data acquisition system, and comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of smoke particles generated after the lithium ion battery is ignited by the smoke detector in combination with the weight change data detected by the weight detection sensor, the fire heat distribution condition detected by the infrared fire detector when the lithium ion battery is ignited, the gas component distribution generated after the lithium ion battery is ignited detected by the gas detector and the smoke particles generated after the lithium ion battery is ignited detected by the smoke detector.
The utility model has the advantages that: the experiment platform has the advantages of small size, low cost and strong practicability, can realize early warning of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery and detection of the thermal runaway characteristic, and has comprehensive functions.
The method for detecting the fire disaster by using the multi-technology cooperative detection method based on the infrared thermal imaging detection technology, the gas concentration analysis technology, the photoelectric smoke sensing detection technology and the like is adopted to analyze the heat distribution, the gas component distribution and the smoke particle characteristics of the fire disaster, so that the time for judging the fire disaster and the false alarm rate of the fire disaster can be effectively reduced, the defect of single smoke detection is overcome, and the battery fire disaster can be detected more accurately and rapidly.
The cabin body is small, so that the experiment operation is more convenient and faster, the experiment efficiency is improved, the cabin can be placed into a large variable-pressure variable-temperature cabin to carry out lithium battery fire detection in a variable-pressure environment, the real environment of the airplane during cruising is simulated, the reliability of the multi-technology cooperative detection method is researched, and theoretical support is provided for the lithium battery fire detection in civil aviation transportation; inert gas can be introduced into the chamber to study the influence of different gas environments on the lithium battery fire; the battery experiment phenomenon can be recorded in real time through the window on the front side of the cabin, mechanism analysis is better carried out, in addition, the closed cabin body greatly reduces the danger problem brought by lithium battery explosion experiments in open space, the safety of experimenters is ensured, smoke is discharged in a centralized manner through the smoke pipe, the diffusion of harmful gas generated by lithium ion battery explosion is reduced, and the experiment platform has a good protection effect on environment and human health.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection early warning comprehensive experiment system, which includes:
an explosion-proof box body 1; the explosion-proof box body is composed of a cabin body made of 304 stainless steel and explosion-proof glass movably connected with a front door of the cabin body, the cabin body made of the stainless steel has good strength and hardness and is not easy to rust, the length, the width and the height of the cabin body are both 50cm, a plurality of layers of sealing rubber strips are arranged in the front door of the cabin body, the sealing performance of the whole cabin body is ensured, the explosion-proof glass movably connected with the front door ensures the visibility and the firmness of the explosion-proof box body, the top of the cabin body is inclined, the inclined slope height is 15cm, and smoke generated after ignition of a lithium ion battery can rapidly pass through the top of the cabin body;
the weight detection sensor 2 is arranged at the bottom of the explosion-proof box body 1 and is used for detecting the weight of the lithium ion battery; the weight detection sensor 2 is an electronic balance, the electronic balance is arranged at the center of the bottom of the explosion-proof box body 1, meanwhile, the electronic balance is provided with heat insulation cotton 15 too flatly, so that the lithium ion battery placed on the electronic balance cannot damage the electronic balance after being ignited, and meanwhile, the weight detection sensor 2 mainly detects the weight change data of the lithium ion battery when the lithium ion battery is ignited;
the infrared fire detector 3 is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body 1 and is used for detecting and imaging the heat distribution generated when the lithium ion battery is in a fire;
the gas detector 4 is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body 1 and is used for detecting components and distribution conditions of gas generated when the lithium ion battery is in fire;
the smoke detector 5 is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body 1 and used for detecting the characteristics of smoke particles generated by the lithium electronic battery in a fire disaster;
the infrared fire detector 3, the gas detector 4 and the smoke detector 5 are arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body 1 and are arranged in parallel, meanwhile, the fire detector 3 is used for detecting the distribution of fire heat generated after a lithium ion battery catches fire during an experiment, the fire situation of the lithium ion battery is determined according to the detected distribution situation of the fire heat, the generated gas is detected by the gas detector 4 when the lithium ion battery catches fire, the gas detector 4 detects the components in the gas and the distribution situation thereof to judge the hazard situation of the gas, the smoke detector 5 analyzes the characteristics of smoke particles generated after the lithium ion battery catches fire, and the time for judging the fire and the false fire alarm rate can be reduced by integrating the results detected by the infrared detector 3, the gas detector 4 and the smoke detector 5, the defect of single smoke detection is overcome, and the fire condition of the battery can be detected more accurately and rapidly.
The first thermocouple 6 is arranged on the side wall of the lithium ion battery to be detected and is used for detecting the wall surface temperature of the lithium ion battery; the first thermocouple 6 is used for detecting the temperature condition of the lithium ion battery in the process of fire, and can judge that the lithium ion battery can be in fire at the temperature critical point according to the temperature change condition; when in use, the two first thermocouples are respectively arranged at two sides of the lithium ion battery for experiment;
the second thermocouple 7 is arranged above the lithium ion battery and is used for detecting the temperature of flame smoke generated by the lithium ion battery in a fire; the number of the second thermocouples is four, the second thermocouples are arranged in the explosion-proof box body 1 according to different heights, and the thermocouples with different heights detect the battery flame and the smoke temperature thereof;
the temperature data generated by the first thermocouple and the second thermocouple are effectively collected by an NI data collecting system;
the thermal flowmeter 8 is arranged in the explosion-proof box body 1 and is positioned right above the lithium ion battery, and is used for detecting the heat flow of the lithium ion battery and collecting the detected data through a paperless recorder; the thermal flowmeter 8 is arranged above the battery for experiment by 10cm, detects the thermal flow of the battery of the lithium ion battery in case of fire in real time, and acquires the detected data through a paperless recorder.
And the camera 16 is arranged in front of the explosion-proof glass door in the explosion-proof box body 1, is used for carrying out loading shooting on the lithium ion battery in the explosion-proof box body 1 in the process of fire disaster, and is used for recording the condition of the later-stage battery fire disaster.
The method for detecting the fire disaster by using the multi-technology cooperative detection method based on the infrared thermal imaging detection technology, the gas concentration analysis technology, the photoelectric smoke sensing detection technology and the like is adopted to analyze the heat distribution, the gas component distribution and the smoke particle characteristics of the fire disaster, so that the time for judging the fire disaster and the false alarm rate of the fire disaster can be effectively reduced, the defect of single smoke detection is overcome, and the battery fire disaster can be detected more accurately and rapidly.
The cabin body is smaller, so that the experiment operation is more convenient and faster, the experiment efficiency is improved, the cabin can be placed into a large variable-pressure variable-temperature cabin to carry out lithium battery fire detection under a variable-pressure environment, the real environment of the aircraft during cruise is simulated, the reliability of the multi-technology collaborative detection method is researched, and theoretical support is provided for lithium battery fire detection in civil aviation transportation.
Inert gas can be introduced into the chamber to study the influence of different gas environments on the lithium battery fire; the battery experiment phenomenon can be recorded in real time through a window at the front side of the cabin, and mechanism analysis can be better carried out; in addition, the closed cabin greatly reduces the danger problem caused by lithium battery explosion experiments in open space, and ensures the safety of experimenters.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, in order to reduce the harm to experimenters caused by gas generated by a lithium battery in case of fire, a smoke exhaust pipeline 9 is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body 1, an exhaust fan 10 is arranged at the end part of the smoke exhaust pipeline 9, and a smoke collection pipeline 11 communicated with the smoke exhaust pipeline 9 is connected to the middle part of the smoke exhaust pipeline 9. Smoke generated when lithium ions in the explosion-proof box body 1 are in a fire disaster is discharged through the smoke discharge pipeline 9, so that toxic gas in the smoke is prevented from damaging an experimental human body;
meanwhile, gas discharged from the smoke discharge pipeline 9 enters the color smoke pipeline 11, the smoke collecting pipeline 11 is internally and sequentially provided with a filtering device 12, a drying device 13 and a smoke concentration analyzer 14 for sequentially filtering and drying the discharged smoke, and the smoke concentration analyzer 14 is used for effectively analyzing carbon dioxide, oxygen and carbon monoxide in the discharged smoke, wherein the filtering device 12 and the drying device 13 are the most commonly used smoke filter and smoke drier for current smoke treatment, and the specific structures of the filtering device and the drying device are not described in detail.
When carrying out the experiment, closed cabin body design, not only greatly reduced carry out the dangerous problem that lithium cell explosion experiment brought in open space, toxic gas passes through the tobacco pipe and concentrates the discharge, has reduced harmful gas's diffusion, has ensured experimenter's safety. In conclusion, the experiment platform is low in cost, more economical and practical, and can be used for carrying out lithium battery thermal runaway experiment research quickly and efficiently.
A plurality of line holes 18 are respectively arranged at the bottom of two sides of the anti-explosion box body 1, three line holes are respectively arranged at the bottom of two sides of the cabin, 3 line holes with the diameter of 1cm are respectively arranged at the bottom of two sides of the cabin, and when the line holes are not used, sealing rubber strips are used for sealing, so that the sealing performance of the cabin body is guaranteed.
A lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment method is carried out according to the following method:
s1, placing a lithium ion battery on heat insulation cotton 15 on an electronic balance in an explosion-proof box body 1, winding a first thermocouple 6 on the lithium ion battery, fixing a heating rod 17 on the lithium ion battery, closing an explosion-proof glass door of the explosion-proof box body 1, and placing a camera 16 right in front of the explosion-proof glass door;
s2, heating the lithium ion battery by the heating rod 17, wherein when the lithium ion battery is ignited and the electric heating rod 17 is heated, the first thermocouple 6 is used for detecting the temperature change of the lithium ion battery, and the second thermocouple 7 is used for detecting the flame temperature generated by the ignited lithium ion battery;
and S3, collecting the temperatures detected by the first thermocouple 6 and the second thermocouple 7 by the NI data acquisition system, and comprehensively analyzing the weight change data of the lithium ion battery detected by the weight detection sensor 2, the fire heat distribution condition when the lithium ion battery is ignited detected by the infrared fire detector 3, the gas component distribution generated after the lithium ion battery is ignited detected by the gas detector 4, and the smoke particle characteristics generated after the lithium ion battery is ignited detected by the smoke detector 5.
The experiment platform is small in size, low in cost and high in practicability, early warning of the thermal runaway initial stage of the lithium ion battery and detection of the thermal runaway characteristic can be achieved simultaneously, and functions are comprehensive. The method for detecting the fire disaster by using the multi-technology cooperative detection method based on the infrared thermal imaging detection technology, the gas concentration analysis technology, the photoelectric smoke sensing detection technology and the like is adopted to analyze the heat distribution, the gas component distribution and the smoke particle characteristics of the fire disaster, so that the time for judging the fire disaster and the false alarm rate of the fire disaster can be effectively reduced, the defect of single smoke detection is overcome, and the battery fire disaster can be detected more accurately and rapidly. The cabin body is smaller, so that the experiment operation is more convenient and faster, the experiment efficiency is improved, the cabin can be placed into a large variable-pressure variable-temperature cabin to carry out lithium battery fire detection under a variable-pressure environment, the real environment of the aircraft during cruise is simulated, the reliability of the multi-technology collaborative detection method is researched, and theoretical support is provided for lithium battery fire detection in civil aviation transportation. Inert gas can be introduced into the chamber to study the influence of different gas environments on the lithium battery fire. The battery experiment phenomenon can be recorded in real time through a window on the front side of the cabin, and mechanism analysis can be better carried out. In addition, the closed cabin greatly reduces the danger problem caused by lithium battery explosion experiments in open space, and ensures the safety of experimenters. Smoke is discharged through the smoke pipe in a centralized manner, so that the diffusion of harmful gas generated by explosion of the lithium ion battery is reduced, and the environment and the human health are well protected. In conclusion, the experiment platform is low in cost, more economical and practical, and can be used for carrying out lithium battery thermal runaway experiment research quickly and efficiently.
The above embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention, and all designs the same as or similar to the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system is characterized by comprising an explosion-proof box body (1), wherein the bottom of the explosion-proof box body (1) is provided with a weight detection sensor (2) for detecting the weight of a lithium ion battery to be tested, and an infrared fire detector (3), a gas detector (4) and a smoke detector (5) which are arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body (1) and are horizontally arranged;
the weight detection sensor (2) is provided with a heating rod (17) for heating the lithium ion battery and a first thermocouple (6) for measuring the temperature of the outer wall of the lithium ion battery, and a plurality of second thermocouples (7) which are arranged above the weight detection sensor (2) and used for detecting the flame temperature when the lithium ion battery is in fire and a heat flow meter (8) for detecting the heat flow generated when the lithium ion battery is in fire are arranged above the weight detection sensor.
2. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a smoke exhaust pipeline (9) is arranged at the top of the explosion-proof box body (1), an exhaust fan (10) is arranged at the outlet end of the smoke exhaust pipeline (9), and a smoke collection pipeline (11) communicated with the smoke exhaust pipeline (9) is connected to the middle of the smoke exhaust pipeline (9).
3. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system as claimed in claim 2, wherein a filtering device (12), a drying device (13) and a flue gas concentration analyzer (14) are sequentially arranged in the smoke collection pipeline (11) from inside to outside.
4. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight detection sensor (2) is an electronic balance, and heat insulation cotton (15) is arranged on the electronic balance.
5. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof box body (1) comprises a cabin body made of stainless steel material and an explosion-proof glass door movably connected to the front end of the cabin body.
6. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper end of the explosion-proof box body (1) is inclined towards the center of the top of the explosion-proof box body (1), and the inclined slope height is 15 cm; the smoke exhaust pipeline (9) is arranged at the center of the top of the explosion-proof box body (1).
7. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a camera (16) for recording the process of fire occurrence of the lithium battery placed in the explosion-proof box body (1), wherein the camera (16) is positioned right in front of the explosion-proof glass door.
8. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first thermocouple (6) and the second thermocouple (7) are in communication connection with an NI data acquisition system arranged outside the explosion-proof box body (1); the thermal flowmeter (8) is electrically connected with the paperless recorder.
9. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire detection and early warning comprehensive experiment system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of wire holes (18) are respectively formed at the bottom parts of the two sides of the explosion-proof box body (1).
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| CN113217815A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏微导纳米科技股份有限公司 | Explosion-proof device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113217815A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏微导纳米科技股份有限公司 | Explosion-proof device |
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