CN212470169U - Backfill formula friction stir spot welding instrument and backfill formula friction stir spot welding system - Google Patents
Backfill formula friction stir spot welding instrument and backfill formula friction stir spot welding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN212470169U CN212470169U CN202021260264.8U CN202021260264U CN212470169U CN 212470169 U CN212470169 U CN 212470169U CN 202021260264 U CN202021260264 U CN 202021260264U CN 212470169 U CN212470169 U CN 212470169U
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Abstract
An embodiment of the utility model provides a backfill formula friction stir spot welding instrument and backfill formula friction stir spot welding system relates to the metal welding field. The tool comprises a backfill workpiece and a tamping workpiece which are mutually independent, wherein the backfill workpiece comprises a stirring pin, a stirring sleeve and a pressing ring, the stirring sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the stirring pin, the pressing ring is arranged on the outer side of the stirring sleeve, the stirring pin can rotate and move up and down relative to the stirring sleeve, the stirring sleeve can rotate and move up and down relative to the pressing ring, and the stirring sleeve is in a circular truncated cone shape; the tamping workpiece comprises a stirring head, the stirring head comprises a cylindrical part and a circular table part which are mutually connected, and the taper of the stirring sleeve is equal to that of the circular table part. This application makes the solder joint be the round platform form through the stirring cover of round platform shape, and rethread stirring head pushes down the solder joint, makes upper plate and hypoplastron present mechanical interlock structure, and the pull of joint is cut performance and cross tensile properties reinforcing.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a metal welding field particularly, relates to a backfill formula friction stir spot welding instrument and backfill formula friction stir spot welding system.
Background
FSW welding (friction stir welding) refers to localized plasticization of the material being welded using heat generated by the friction of a high-speed rotating bonding tool against the workpiece as the tool moves forward along the weld interface; the plasticized material flows from the front part to the rear part of the welding tool under the action of the rotating friction force of the welding tool, and a compact solid-phase welding seam is formed under the extrusion of the welding tool. Friction stir welding commonly used in the prior art includes conventional FSSW and backfill friction stir spot welding.
Among them, the conventional FSSW is developed based on FSW, and its basic principle is similar to FSW. In the welding process, the stirring head rotates at a high speed and penetrates into a workpiece to be welded at a certain speed, the workpiece stays for a certain time after reaching a preset depth, then the stirring head is quickly drawn back to complete welding, and finally a keyhole is left in the middle of a welding point, as shown in figure 1. The stirring head rotating at a high speed mechanically heats a welded workpiece, so that materials around the stirring head are softened and generate plastic flow, and an original interface of the workpiece is crushed and forms metallurgical bonding under the action of the forging pressure of the shaft shoulder and the stirring action of the stirring needle, thereby forming a spot welding joint.
The backfill Friction Stir spot welding (RFSSW) technology is a new spot welding technology of 2002 utility model by the germany GKSS center, and uses a traditional backfill Friction Stir spot welding tool 1, which comprises a stirring pin 2, a stirring sleeve 3 and a pressing ring 4, and the structure of the backfill Friction Stir spot welding tool is shown in fig. 2. The backfilling type friction stir spot welding is mainly divided into 4 steps (see fig. 3): firstly, pressing a pressing ring on the surface of an upper plate, synchronously rotating a sleeve and a stirring pin, and rubbing with a material to be welded to generate friction heat so as to plasticize the material; secondly, the stirring pin and the sleeve respectively move upwards and downwards, and the sleeve extrudes plastic metal into a cavity reserved by the upward movement of the stirring pin; thirdly, after the pressing amount reaches a certain value, the stirring pin presses down to extrude the plastic metal into the cavity reserved by the sleeve barrel for pumping back; and fourthly, withdrawing the stirring head from the surface of the weldment. When the sleeve and the stirring pin respectively return to the upper surface of the test board, the sleeve and the stirring pin still need to stay on the surface of the welding point for a certain time and keep rotating so as to obtain the welding point with a good surface formation.
The applicant researches and discovers that:
the conventional friction stir spot welding has the keyhole defect, and the bearing area of the joint is obviously reduced, so that the mechanical property of the joint is reduced.
Although the existing backfill type friction stir spot welding eliminates the keyhole defect, in a pulling and shearing test, a cross stretching test and other mechanical tests, the consistency shows that an interface aluminum-coated strip and a sleeve withdrawal line are weak positions of a joint, the interface aluminum-coated strip can be eliminated through process adjustment, and the sleeve withdrawal line is an inherent organization characteristic of the process and cannot be eliminated.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a backfill formula friction stir spot welding instrument and backfill formula friction stir spot welding method, it can let final fashioned solder joint also form the toper, and then makes upper plate and hypoplastron form mechanical interlock structure to the pull of joint is effectively improved and is cut performance and cross tensile properties are provided.
The embodiment of the utility model discloses a can realize like this:
in a first aspect, embodiments provide a backfilling friction stir spot welding tool for welding overlapping upper and lower plates; the backfilling device comprises a backfilling workpiece and a tamping workpiece which are mutually independent, wherein the backfilling workpiece comprises a stirring pin, a stirring sleeve and a pressing ring, the stirring sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the stirring pin, the pressing ring is arranged on the outer side of the stirring sleeve, the stirring pin can rotate and move up and down relative to the stirring sleeve, the stirring sleeve can rotate and move up and down relative to the pressing ring, and the stirring sleeve is in a circular truncated cone shape; the tamping workpiece comprises a stirring head, the stirring head comprises a cylindrical part and a circular table part which are mutually connected, and the taper of the stirring sleeve is equal to that of the circular table part.
In an alternative embodiment, the agitator sleeve has a first upper base diameter Ds2, a first lower base diameter Ds1, and a first frustum height Ls;
the stirring head is provided with a second upper bottom circle diameter D1, and the diameter of the position with the height L from the second lower bottom circle is D2;
wherein Ds2 is D2, and L is 10% -15% of the thickness of the upper plate.
In an alternative embodiment, the first upper base diameter Ds2 of the agitator sleeve is between 10 and 20 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the first lower base diameter Ds1 of the agitator sleeve is 7-12 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the first frustum height Ls of the stirring sleeve is 10-20 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the taper of the stirring sleeve is equal to (Ds2-Ds1)/Ls, and the value of the taper ranges from 0.1 to 1.
In an alternative embodiment, the second upper base diameter D1 of the mixing head is 15-30 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the diameter D2 of the stirring head at the position with the height L from the second base circle is Ds2, and D2 is 10-20 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the diameter Dp of the stirring pin is 4 to 8mm, and the thickness of the upper plate is 1 to 15 mm.
In a second aspect, embodiments provide a backfilling friction stir spot welding system including a backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
The utility model discloses beneficial effect includes, for example:
through improving the stirring cover in the instrument to traditional backfill formula friction stir spot welding in this application, change original columniform stirring cover into round platform shape, and present narrow structure under the width, when backfilling the welding, can let the welded solder joint present the round platform form, and then make upper plate and hypoplastron form mechanical interlock structure, furtherly, through the stirring head of independent setting in this application, can continue to push down the solder joint after backfilling the end, be favorable to promoting the mechanical interlock joint strength reinforcing of upper plate and hypoplastron, thereby the pull shear performance and the cross tensile property of joint have effectively been improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional FSSW;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional backfilled FSSW tool;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a conventional backfilling FSSW welding process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a backfilling friction stir spot welding tool provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic size diagram of a stir sheath of a backfilling friction stir spot welding tool provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at A;
fig. 7 is a welding flow chart of a backfill type friction stir spot welding method according to an embodiment of the application.
Icon: 1-a traditional backfill type friction stir spot welding tool; 2-a stirring pin; 3-stirring sleeve; 4-a compression ring; 100-backfill type friction stir spot welding tool; 110-backfilling the workpiece; 111-a stirring pin; 112-stirring sleeve; 113-a compression ring; 120-tamping the workpiece; 121-stirring head; 1211-cylindrical portion; 1212-a dome; 200-upper plate; 300-lower plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship which is usually placed when the products of the present invention are used, the description is only for convenience of description and simplification, but the indication or suggestion that the indicated device or element must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be interpreted as a limitation of the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Examples
Referring to fig. 4, in a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a backfill type friction stir spot welding tool 100 for welding an upper plate 200 and a lower plate 300 that overlap. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool 100 of the present application comprises a backfilling workpiece 110 and a tamping workpiece 120 that are independent of each other, wherein the backfilling workpiece 110 is used in a pressing-down phase and a drawing-back phase, and the tamping workpiece 120 is a workpiece completely different from the prior art, and is mainly used in a newly added tamping phase.
Specifically, the backfill workpiece 110 includes a stirring pin 111, a stirring sleeve 112 and a compression ring 113, the stirring sleeve 112 is disposed outside the stirring pin 111, the compression ring 113 is disposed outside the stirring sleeve 112, the stirring pin 111 can rotate and move up and down relative to the stirring sleeve 112, and the stirring sleeve 112 can rotate and move up and down relative to the compression ring 113. It is worth to be noted that, the stirring sleeve 112 in the present application is in a circular truncated cone shape, and in the present application, the circular truncated cone shape is changed from the circular cylindrical stirring sleeve in the prior art to the circular truncated cone shape with a wide top and a narrow bottom, so that the finally formed welding spot is also in the circular truncated cone shape with the wide top and the narrow bottom, and further the mechanical engagement structure is formed between the upper plate 200 and the lower plate 300, so that the pulling and shearing performance and the cross tensile performance of the joint are effectively improved.
In the present application, the tamping tool 120 includes a stirring head 121, the stirring head 121 includes a cylindrical portion 1211 and a circular truncated cone portion 1212 with a wide top and a narrow bottom, which are connected to each other, and the taper of the stirring sleeve 112 is equal to the taper of the circular truncated cone portion 1212. The independent stirring head 121 is utilized in the application, after the drawing-back is completed, the circular truncated cone portion 1212 of the stirring head 121 is continuously utilized to extrude the welding spot downwards, and the formation of the welding spot is strengthened.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, for a more clear description of the backfilling fsw welding tool 100 of the present application, the first upper base diameter Ds2, the first lower base diameter Ds1, and the first frustum height Ls of the stirring sleeve 112 are set; the diameter of the second upper base circle of the stirring head 121 is D1, and the diameter of the position with the height of L from the second lower base circle is D2; wherein Ds2 is D2, and L is 10% -15% of the thickness of the upper plate 200.
The first upper base circle diameter Ds2 of the stirring sleeve 112 is 10-20 mm; preferably 14-16 mm; the first lower base circle diameter Ds1 of the stirring sleeve 112 is 7-12 mm; preferably 8-10 mm; the height Ls of the first frustum of the stirring sleeve 112 is 10-20 mm; preferably 14-16 mm. The second upper base circle diameter D1 of the agitator head 121 is greater than the diameter D2 at a position of the agitator head 121 that is L away from the second lower base circle; preferably, D1 is 15-30 mm; preferably 19-21 mm; preferably, D2 ═ Ds2, D2 is 10-20 mm; preferably 14-16 mm; preferably, the diameter Dp of the stirring pin 111 is 4 to 8mm, preferably 5 to 7 mm. The thickness of the upper plate 200 is 1-15 mm.
The conicity of the stirring sleeve 112 is equal to (Ds2-Ds1)/Ls, and the value range of the conicity is 0.1-1; preferably 0.3 to 0.5. The inventor researches and finds that the conical round table can obtain well-formed welding points so as to obtain better welding points, and when the conical degree is too large, the load of a stirring head can be increased, and meanwhile, the edge materials of the welding points are seriously deformed. When the taper is too small, the welding spot part can not form an occlusion structure, and the significance of the application is lost.
In a second aspect, the present application also provides a backfilling friction stir spot welding system including a backfilling friction stir spot welding tool 100 according to any of the preceding embodiments.
In addition, in a third aspect, the present application also provides a backfill friction stir spot welding method that is performed using a backfill friction stir spot welding tool 100 as in any one of the preceding embodiments.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, the backfill type friction stir spot welding method of the present application includes the following steps:
s1, preheating.
In the preheating stage, the pin 111 and the sleeve 112 stay on the surface of the upper plate 200 to generate heat by friction by rotation.
In the initial welding stage, the moving speed of the stirring pin 111 and the stirring sleeve 112 is 0, the stirring pin 111 and the stirring sleeve 112 are left on the upper surface of the upper plate 200 to be welded, and heat is generated by friction between the rotation of the stirring pin 111 and the stirring sleeve 112 and the upper surface of the workpiece to be welded, so that the fluidity and the tightness of the material are improved, and the preheating time is selected according to different materials to be welded.
In other embodiments, the preheating stage may not be performed, or other heating methods may be used for preheating.
Further, the treatment time in the preheating stage is 1-10s, preferably 5-8s, and generally the preheating time is preferably controlled within the above range, and too short preheating time does not have the effect of enhancing the fluidity of the material, and too long preheating time prolongs the working period.
S2, pressing down.
The rotating stirring pin 111 moves upwards, and the rotating stirring sleeve 112 moves downwards; in the pressing-down stage, the withdrawal speed of the stirring pin 111 and the pressing-down speed of the stirring sleeve 112 should satisfy a certain matching relationship so that the volume of the material pressed downwards by the stirring sleeve 112 is equal to the volume of the cavity withdrawn by the stirring pin 111; the pressing distance of the stirring sleeve 112 is 0.3-0.5 times of the thickness of the lower plate 300; specifically, the stirring sleeve 112 is pressed down at VT1 speed, and the stirring pin 111 is drawn back at VZ1 speed, wherein VT1 is 0.8-1.2mm/s, preferably 1 mm/s; VZ1 satisfies: VZ1 ═ (1.25+0.12t0) × VT 1); in the formula, t0 represents the push-down time measured from the start of the push-down of the boss.
S3, a pumping-back stage.
In the drawing-back stage, the rotating stirring pin 111 moves downwards, and the rotating stirring sleeve 112 moves upwards; when the stirring sleeve 112 is drawn back to a position 8-12% of the thickness of the upper plate 200, the upward drawing is stopped, and the stirring pin 111 is continuously pressed down until the lower surface of the stirring pin 111 and the lower surface of the stirring sleeve 112 are maintained at the same height.
In the withdrawal stage, the pressing rate of the stirring pin 111 and the withdrawal rate of the stirring sleeve 112 should satisfy a certain matching relationship so that the volume of the material pressed downwards by the stirring pin 111 is equal to the volume of the cavity withdrawn by the stirring sleeve 112; specifically, the stirring sleeve 112 is drawn back at VT2, and the stirring pin 111 is pressed down at VZ2, wherein VT2 is VT1, and VT2 is 0.8-1.2mm/s, preferably 1 mm/s; VZ2 satisfies: VZ2 ═ VZ1 (rate of movement of the pin at the end of depression) -0.12t1 × VT 2; in the formula, t1 represents the withdrawal time measured from the start of withdrawal of the boss.
At this time, the truncated cone-shaped welding points have been formed on the upper and lower plates 200 and 300.
And S4, an evacuation stage.
The backfill workpiece 110, namely the stirring pin 111, the stirring sleeve 112 and the compression ring 113, is removed.
S5, tamping.
The formed welding points are extruded downwards by using the stirring head 121 of the tamping workpiece 120, and the extrusion distance is 10-15% of the thickness of the upper plate 200; the diameter of the lower part of the stirring head 121 in the application is D2 from the position with the height of the second lower base circle being L; ds2 is D2 ═ D, and when utilizing the welding point of stirring head 121 degree round platform shape to carry out the downward extrusion this moment, the biggest position of decline of stirring head 121 is the distance of L promptly, can further extrude the welding point of round platform shape this moment, strengthens the welding effect, and can guarantee the welded degree of depth, and welding quality is better.
And S6, forming welding points.
The final solder joint that forms in this application is the solder joint of round platform form, and it is favorable to making to form mechanical interlock structure between upper plate 200 and the hypoplastron 300 to the tensile shear behavior and the cross tensile property of joint have effectively been improved.
It is noted that the structure or dimensions not mentioned in this application may be referenced to conventional backfilled friction stir spot welding.
According to the embodiment, the backfill type friction stir spot welding tool 100 works according to the following principle: through improving the stirring sleeve 112 in the traditional backfill type friction stir spot welding tool, the original cylindrical stirring sleeve 112 is changed into a circular truncated cone shape and has a structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and during backfill welding, a welding spot can also have a circular truncated cone-shaped structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, so that the upper plate 200 and the lower plate 300 form a mechanical engagement structure.
To sum up, the embodiment of the utility model provides a backfill formula friction stir spot welding instrument 100, it improves through the stirring cover 112 in the instrument to traditional backfill formula friction stir spot welding, change original columniform stirring cover 112 into the round platform shape, and present narrow structure down wide, an independent stirring head 121 has been increased simultaneously, thereby form unique backfill formula friction stir spot welding instrument 100 in this application, backfill work piece 110 and tamp work piece 120's independent setting in this application, it is more convenient to guarantee the step operation of tamping after the backfill end, only change stirring cover 112's shape in the work piece 110 in addition backfill, the influence of traditional backfill formula friction stir spot welding's instrument is less, and independent stirring head 121 can directly set up alone, whole structure does not change, practice thrift the cost more.
In addition, the backfill type friction stir spot welding method correspondingly provided by the application is carried out by adopting the backfill type friction stir spot welding tool 100, the finally formed welding point is changed due to the change of the structure of the stirring sleeve 112, and the mechanical meshing capacity of the upper plate 200 and the lower plate 300 is further enhanced by the increase of the tamping step, so that the tension-shear performance and the cross-shaped tensile performance of the joint are effectively improved.
Further, the backfill type friction stir spot welding system comprises the backfill type friction stir spot welding tool 100, friction stir spot welding can be performed on the overlapped upper plate and the overlapped lower plate, and the welding effect is better.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A backfill type friction stir spot welding tool is used for welding an upper plate and a lower plate which are overlapped; the device is characterized by comprising a backfill workpiece and a tamping workpiece which are mutually independent, wherein the backfill workpiece comprises a stirring pin, a stirring sleeve and a pressing ring, the stirring sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the stirring pin, the pressing ring is arranged on the outer side of the stirring sleeve, the stirring pin can rotate and move up and down relative to the stirring sleeve, the stirring sleeve can rotate and move up and down relative to the pressing ring, and the stirring sleeve is in a circular truncated cone shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part; the tamping workpiece comprises a stirring head, the stirring head comprises a cylindrical part and a circular table part, the cylindrical part and the circular table part are mutually connected, the upper part of the circular table part is wide, and the taper of the stirring sleeve is equal to that of the circular table part.
2. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to claim 1, wherein said stirring sleeve has a first upper base circle diameter Ds2, a first lower base circle diameter Ds1, and a first frustum height Ls;
the stirring head is provided with a second upper bottom circle diameter D1, and the diameter of the position with the height L from the second lower bottom circle is D2;
wherein Ds2 is D2, and L is 10% -15% of the thickness of the upper plate.
3. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to claim 2, wherein said first upper base circle diameter Ds2 of said stirring sleeve is 10-20 mm.
4. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to claim 2, wherein said stirring sleeve first lower base circle diameter Ds1 is 7-12 mm.
5. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool of claim 2, wherein the first frustum height Ls of said stirring sleeve is 10-20 mm.
6. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to claim 2, wherein the taper of said stirring sleeve is equal to (Ds2-Ds1)/Ls, and the value of said taper is in the range of 0.1-1.
7. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to any of claims 2-6, wherein said stirring head has a second upper base circle diameter D1 of 15-30 mm.
8. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein the diameter of the stirring head at the position of the height L from the second base circle is D2 ═ Ds2, D2 is 10-20 mm.
9. The backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein said stirring pin has a diameter Dp of 4-8mm and said upper plate has a thickness of 1-15 mm.
10. A backfilling friction stir spot welding system comprising a backfilling friction stir spot welding tool according to any of claims 1-9.
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| CN113798655A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-17 | 北京宇航系统工程研究所 | Friction stir spot welding tool and method capable of adapting to assembly gap |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113798655A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-17 | 北京宇航系统工程研究所 | Friction stir spot welding tool and method capable of adapting to assembly gap |
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