CN212450655U - Movable miniaturized biomass continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation integrated machine - Google Patents
Movable miniaturized biomass continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation integrated machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN212450655U CN212450655U CN202021656596.8U CN202021656596U CN212450655U CN 212450655 U CN212450655 U CN 212450655U CN 202021656596 U CN202021656596 U CN 202021656596U CN 212450655 U CN212450655 U CN 212450655U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a movable miniaturized biomass continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation method and an integrated machine, which respectively complete the movement of biomass materials in a carbonization chamber and a carbon base in an activation chamber by adopting a reaction tube and a propelling screw; the temperature in the carbonization chamber and the temperature in the activation chamber are respectively controlled, so that the biomass material can complete continuous and uninterrupted thermal cracking carbonization reaction and steam high-temperature activation reaction in a short distance, finished activated carbon is obtained, and the integration and miniaturization of carbonization and activation of the biomass material are realized. The all-in-one machine comprises a carriage body, wherein a rack is arranged in the carriage body, a carbonization chamber and an activation chamber which are matched with each other are arranged on the rack, a carbon-based transfer device is arranged at the discharge end of the carbonization chamber, and the carbon-based transfer device corresponds to the feed end of the activation chamber. The utility model has the characteristics of can effectively reduce equipment area, reduction in production cost, improve product quality, reduce the energy consumption and improve the feature of environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a processing apparatus of biomass material, especially a continuous pyrolysis carbomorphism activation all-in-one of portable miniaturized biomass.
Background
The biomass material is mainly agricultural and forestry waste such as straw, sawdust, bagasse, rice chaff and the like, directly burns biomass, belongs to high-pollution fuel, is only used in a rural large stove, and is not allowed to be used in cities; at present, the biomass material can be prepared into various formed (such as block, granular and the like) novel clean fuels which can be directly combusted through the processes of crushing, mixing, extruding, drying and the like; biomass activated carbon can also be produced by cracking or activating biomass feedstock. However, the prior process and equipment for manufacturing the biomass activated carbon are still the main processes, the carbon base manufacturing process and the activation process are still carried out separately, and the processes of repeated occupation of land, repeated labor, repeated transportation and repeated storage are carried out in the middle, so that the comprehensive cost is increased, and the labor intensity is enhanced. And the processes of producing the carbon base and producing the activated carbon are carried out in batches, each batch has quality difference, and the quantity of the carbon base to be activated is large in the steam activation process, so that the difficulty of full contact between steam and the carbon base is increased, and the phenomenon of uneven activation is caused. Moreover, the high-temperature steam used in the activation process needs to be obtained by additionally using an energy heating boiler, and the energy consumption is huge. Meanwhile, a large amount of polluted waste gas is discharged in the combustion process, and the environment is easily affected. Therefore, the prior art has the problems of large occupied area, high production cost, unstable quality, large energy consumption and easy pollution to the environment.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a method and an integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of movable miniaturized biomass. The utility model has the characteristics of can effectively reduce equipment area, reduction in production cost, improve product quality, reduce the energy consumption and improve the feature of environmental protection.
The technical scheme of the utility model: the movable small integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass comprises a carriage body, wherein a rack is arranged in the carriage body, a carbonization chamber and an activation chamber which are communicated with each other are arranged on the rack, a discharge end of the carbonization chamber is provided with a carbon-based transfer device, and the carbon-based transfer device corresponds to a feed end of the activation chamber; the carbonization chamber is internally provided with a screw propulsion type carbonization reactor, and the activation chamber is internally provided with a screw propulsion type activation reactor.
In the movable small-sized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber are transversely arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui'.
In the movable small-sized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, the activation chamber comprises an activation combustion chamber, the screw propulsion type activation reactor comprises an activation reaction tube positioned in the activation combustion chamber, and an activation propulsion screw is arranged in the activation reaction tube; and the activation reaction tube is sequentially provided with a heating area and a steam high-temperature activation area along the material propelling direction.
In the movable small-sized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, the activation combustion chamber is provided with combustible gas conveying pipes corresponding to the heating zone and the high-temperature steam activation zone respectively.
In the movable small-sized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, the activation reaction tube is provided with a volatile component exhaust hole and a steam nozzle which respectively correspond to the heating area and the steam high-temperature activation area.
In the movable small-sized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, the feed end of the activation combustion cavity is provided with a carbon-based feed bin, and the discharge end of the activation combustion cavity is provided with a steam release bin; the activation reaction tube penetrates through the carbon-based feeding bin, the activation combustion cavity and the steam release bin.
In the movable small integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, the steam boiler connected with the activation chamber is arranged outside the chamber body.
In the movable small-sized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, the steam boiler is connected with the tail gas discharge system, the tail gas discharge system is connected with the steam release bin through the steam waste gas pipe, and the tail gas discharge system is also provided with the waste heat discharge controller and the waste heat discharge pipe which are connected with the activation chamber.
In the aforesaid portable miniaturized biomass continuous thermal cracking carbomorphism activation all-in-one, still be equipped with finished product ejection of compact transfer device in the steam release storehouse, finished product ejection of compact transfer device below is equipped with conveyor.
In the movable small-sized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, a combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller is arranged at the communication part between the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber; and combustible gas conveying pipes corresponding to the heating area and the steam high-temperature activation area are arranged in the activation combustion chamber respectively, and are matched with the combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller.
In the movable small integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of biomass, a heat energy controller is arranged between the steam boiler and the activation chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model installs the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber in the same box body, and utilizes the cooperation between the propelling screw (propelling the material to move in the rotating process, so that each surface of the material can absorb sufficient heat energy) and the reaction tube (heating the material in all directions without heating dead angles), so that the material can absorb heat energy in all directions and in multiple dimensions, thereby realizing the purpose of rapid heating in a shorter distance, and the biomass material can complete continuous thermal cracking carbonization reaction and steam high-temperature activation reaction in a short distance, further realizing the miniaturization of carbonization-activation integrated equipment, greatly reducing the occupied area of the equipment, when in use, only needing to convey the box body to the biomass raw material centralized place, put the box body in an appointed place, and can realize continuous and uninterrupted production of active carbon through simple assembly, simple structure, small in size, installation and operation are also very convenient, need not to build charcoal base production factory building and activation factory building, also need not to carry out long-distance transport with biomass material and charcoal base to reduction in production cost that can be by a wide margin. Simultaneously, carbomorphism room and activation room link each other, the combustible pyrolysis gas that biomass material released in the carbomorphism room not only can supply the required heat energy of carbomorphism in the carbomorphism district, unnecessary combustible pyrolysis gas can also get into the indoor burning of activation, for the activation room heating, simultaneously the waste heat in the activation room still for the boiler provides heat energy production steam, the energy that whole process can effective reasonable utilization biomass material self produced, improve the utilization ratio of self energy, reduce the consumption of external energy, and then can reduce the whole energy consumption of equipment. And, the utility model discloses the whole process from carbomorphism to activation is incessant in succession, and charcoal base temperature drop is little, has saved the heat energy that the secondary heated greatly, and biomass material gets into carbomorphism room and activation room in order all the time to through the temperature of control carbomorphism room and activation room, make the even exquisiteness of activation product, the effectual quality that improves the product. The utility model completes the carbonization and activation process of biomass material by the uninterrupted sealed square-shaped structure formed by the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber, and the heat energy between carbonization and activation is shared in the process, thereby improving the temperature of the activation chamber; the utility model ensures the contact between the steam and the carbon base in the activation process, so that the carbon base is activated uniformly, the heat energy can be saved, the activation quality is ensured, and the steam consumption is reduced; and the utility model discloses still utilize activation chamber high temperature combustion environment, will contain the combustible pyrolysis gas of pyrolkigneous liquid, tar, nitrogen oxide and utilize (800-. To sum up, the utility model has the characteristics of can effectively reduce equipment area, reduction in production cost, improve product quality, reduce the energy consumption and improve the feature of environmental protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion a in fig. 1 according to the present invention.
The labels in the figures are: 1-frame, 2-carbonization chamber, 3-activation chamber, 4-carbon-based transfer device, 5-steam boiler, 6-tail gas discharge system, 7-steam waste gas pipe, 8-waste heat discharge controller, 9-waste heat discharge pipe, 10-combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller, 11-heat energy controller, 201-carbonization combustion chamber, 202-carbonization reaction pipe, 203-carbonization propulsion screw, 204-pyrolysis propulsion motor, 205-biomass feed bin, 206-combustible pyrolysis gas exhaust pipe, 301-activation combustion chamber, 302-carbon-based feed bin, 303-steam release bin, 304-activation reaction pipe, 305-activation propulsion screw, 306-activation propulsion motor, 307-volatile exhaust hole, 308-steam nozzle, 309-finished product discharging and transferring device, 310-conveying device.
Detailed Description
The following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1. A movable method for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of miniaturized biomass adopts a reaction tube and a propelling screw to respectively finish the movement of biomass materials in a carbonization chamber and a carbon base in an activation chamber; the temperature in the carbonization chamber and the temperature in the activation chamber are respectively controlled, so that the biomass material can complete continuous and uninterrupted thermal cracking carbonization reaction and steam high-temperature activation reaction in a short distance, finished activated carbon is obtained, and the integration and miniaturization of carbonization and activation of the biomass material are realized.
The specific process of the thermal cracking carbonization reaction in the carbonization chamber is as follows: a carbonization chamber is used for heating the carbonization reaction tube, and a plurality of working sections with the temperature in step distribution are arranged on the carbonization reaction tube along the advancing direction of the biomass material; the biomass material sequentially passes through each working section in the carbonization reaction tube under the propelling action of the carbonization propelling screw, and then thermal cracking carbonization reaction is completed to obtain the carbon base.
The plurality of working sections include a preheating zone, a first zone for preliminary cracking, a second zone for preliminary cracking, a first zone for complete cracking, a second zone for complete cracking, and a carbonization zone.
The temperature of the preheating zone is 220-320 ℃, the temperature of the primary cracking zone is 410-510 ℃, the temperature of the primary cracking zone is 580-680 ℃, the temperature of the complete cracking zone is 650-750 ℃, the temperature of the complete cracking zone is 680-780 ℃ and the temperature of the carbonization zone is 650-750 ℃.
The temperature in the carbonization chamber is 400-1000 ℃.
The carbonization chamber utilizes combustible pyrolysis gas released by the biomass material in the thermal cracking carbonization reaction to burn and generate heat, so as to realize heating of the carbonization reaction tube; meanwhile, the control of the combustion heat production of combustible pyrolysis gas is realized by controlling the oxygen feeding amount of the carbonization chamber in different working sections of the carbonization reaction tube, thereby completing the temperature regulation of different working sections of the carbonization reaction tube.
The specific process of the steam high-temperature activation reaction in the activation chamber comprises the following steps: heating the activation reaction tube by using an activation chamber, and arranging a heating section and a steam high-temperature activation section on the activation reaction tube along the carbon-based advancing direction; under the propelling action of the activating propelling screw, the carbon base sequentially passes through a heating section and a steam high-temperature activating section in the activating reaction tube, and is activated under the action of steam to obtain the finished product of the activated carbon.
The temperature in the activation chamber is 800-1500 ℃.
The temperature of the heating section is 800-1200 ℃, and the temperature of the steam high-temperature activation section is 1100-1500 ℃.
Combustible pyrolysis gas released by thermal cracking and carbonization reaction in the carbonization chamber and volatile components generated by high-temperature activation of steam in the activation chamber are combusted to generate heat in the activation chamber, so that the activation reaction tube is heated.
The combustion heat generation quantity of the positions corresponding to the heating section and the steam high-temperature activation section in the activation chamber is adjusted by controlling the air input quantity of the combustible pyrolysis gas, so that the temperature control of the heating section and the steam high-temperature activation section on the activation reaction tube is realized.
The steam in the high-temperature steam activation zone comes from a steam boiler, and the heat source of the steam boiler is provided by the heat energy generated by combustion in the activation chamber.
Steam is sprayed into the high-temperature steam activation area through a steam nozzle, and the spraying frequency of the steam nozzle is in direct proportion to the propelling speed of the activation propelling screw.
The device comprises a compartment body, wherein a rack 1 is arranged in the compartment body, a carbonization chamber 2 and an activation chamber 3 which are communicated with each other are arranged on the rack 1, a carbon-based transfer device 4 is arranged at the discharge end of the carbonization chamber 2, and the carbon-based transfer device 4 corresponds to the feed end of the activation chamber 3; a screw-propelled carbonization reactor is arranged in the carbonization chamber 2, and a screw-propelled activation reactor is arranged in the activation chamber 3.
The carbonization chamber 2 and the activation chamber 3 are transversely arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'hui' with an upper layer and a lower layer.
The activation chamber 3 comprises an activation combustion chamber 301, the screw propulsion type activation reactor comprises an activation reaction pipe 304 positioned in the activation combustion chamber 301, and an activation propulsion screw 305 is arranged in the activation reaction pipe 304; the activation reaction tube 304 is provided with a heating zone and a steam high-temperature activation zone in sequence along the material advancing direction.
The activation reaction tube 304 is provided with a volatile component exhaust hole 307 and a steam nozzle 308 which respectively correspond to the heating zone and the steam high-temperature activation zone.
A charcoal-based feeding bin 302 is arranged at the feeding end of the activation combustion cavity 301, and a steam release bin 303 is arranged at the discharging end of the activation combustion cavity 301; the activation reaction tube 304 penetrates through the charcoal-based feed bin 302, the activation combustion chamber 301 and the steam release bin 303.
A steam boiler 5 connected with the activation chamber 3 is arranged outside the chamber body.
The steam boiler 5 is connected with a tail gas discharge system 6, the tail gas discharge system 6 is connected with a steam release bin 303 through a steam waste gas pipe 7, and the tail gas discharge system 6 is also provided with a waste heat discharge controller 8 and a waste heat discharge pipe 9 which are connected with the activation chamber 3.
A finished product discharging and transferring device 309 is further arranged in the steam release bin 303, and a conveying device 310 is arranged below the finished product discharging and transferring device 309.
A combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller 10 is arranged at the communication position between the carbonization chamber 2 and the activation chamber 3. The activation combustion cavity 301 is internally provided with a combustible gas conveying pipe corresponding to the heating area and the steam high-temperature activation area respectively, and the combustible gas conveying pipe is matched with the combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller 10.
A thermal energy controller 11 is arranged between the steam boiler 5 and the activation chamber 3.
And (3) burning 25-35% of combustible pyrolysis gas released by the thermal cracking and carbonization reaction in the carbonization chamber, and burning the rest combustible pyrolysis gas in the activation chamber to mix with volatile components.
The specific process of the activation reaction in the activation chamber is as follows: heating the carbon base in an activation reaction tube and then entering a steam high-temperature activation area; in the steam high-temperature activation area, the carbon base instantaneously releases volatile under the action of steam and opens the pores to complete activation, and the volatile is discharged into the activation chamber through the volatile release pores to participate in combustion.
The activated carbon enters the steam release chamber after coming out of the activation chamber, the waste steam is discharged through the steam waste gas pipe, and the finished activated carbon is discharged through the finished product conveying device.
The combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller, the heat energy controller and the waste heat discharge controller can adopt control partition plates.
And combustible gas is combusted in the carbonization combustion cavity and the activation combustion cavity.
The carbonization chamber 2 comprises a carbonization combustion chamber 201, the screw propulsion type carbonization reactor comprises a carbonization reaction tube 202 which is transversely arranged in the carbonization combustion chamber 201, a carbonization propulsion screw 203 is arranged in the carbonization reaction tube 202, and thermal cracking propulsion motors 204 are arranged at two ends of the carbonization propulsion screw 203; the feeding end of the carbonization reaction tube 202 is provided with a biomass feeding bin 205, and the end part of the carbonization propulsion screw 203 is positioned in the biomass feeding bin 205; the carbonization reaction tube 202 is also provided with a combustible pyrolysis gas exhaust tube 206.
Ignition equipment is arranged in the carbonization combustion chamber, a plurality of groups of oxygen inlet pipes are arranged above the working sections of the corresponding carbonization reaction pipes, and the combustion degree of the area is controlled by controlling the air input of oxygen in the oxygen inlet pipes, so that the aim of controlling temperature regulation is fulfilled.
The activation combustion cavity is internally provided with ignition equipment and two groups of combustible gas conveying pipes which respectively correspond to the heating section and the steam high-temperature activation section of the activation reaction pipe, and the purpose of adjusting the heating temperature is achieved by controlling the gas flow of the combustible gas conveying pipes.
The carbon-based transfer device and the finished product discharge transfer device are of a conveying auger structure.
And a carbon-based feeding auger is also arranged on the carbon-based feeding bin.
The steam nozzle is connected with a steam boiler through a pipeline.
The carbonization chamber and the activation chamber are respectively provided with a plurality of temperature sensors, and the controller adjusts and controls the opening of the partition plate according to the data of the temperature sensors so as to control the flow of the pyrolysis gas in the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber.
The movable carriage body can be a standard 50-foot container, a rack, a carbonization chamber, an activation chamber and the like are arranged in the movable carriage body, consigned to a biomass raw material concentration place, the movable carriage body is placed in an appointed place, and continuous and uninterrupted production of the activated carbon can be realized through simple assembly (feeding, discharging and exhaust pipelines).
The device is integrally arranged into an upper layer and a lower layer in a transverse reversed-square-shaped layout and comprises a carbonization chamber and an activation chamber, wherein a transverse carbonization propulsion screw is arranged in the carbonization chamber of one layer for propulsion, a carbonization reaction pipe penetrates through a biomass feeding bin to a carbon discharging area, an outlet of the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber of the second layer are connected to the carbon-based feeding bin through the head end of an auger (carbon-based transfer device), an activation propulsion screw in a transverse reverse direction is arranged in the activation chamber, and the activation reaction pipe penetrates through a bin to an activated carbon discharging port. The biomass material in the carbonization chamber of one layer releases combustible pyrolysis gas after thermal cracking and burns, a large amount of combustible pyrolysis gas enters the activation chamber of the upper layer to burn while providing the heat energy required by carbonization of the carbonization chamber, the activation chamber is heated, simultaneously, the waste heat in the activation chamber provides heat energy for the steam boiler to generate steam, the steam is sprayed into the activation reaction pipe through the steam nozzle, so that high-temperature carbon base is instantly released to volatilize volatile components to open pores to complete activation, the volatile components are discharged into the activation chamber through the volatile component release holes to participate in burning, and a plurality of waste heat energy is discharged into a tail gas system through an adjustable partition plate (a waste heat discharge controller). The activated carbon is pushed to the steam release sealed bin by the activation pushing screw, and a large amount of water vapor is discharged into a tail gas exhaust system by a steam waste gas pipe at the top of the steam release sealed bin. The carbonization and the activation are continuous, the temperature drop of the carbon base is small, the heat energy of secondary heating is greatly saved, the biomass material always enters the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber in order, and the activated product is uniform and delicate. The materials do not stay in the carbonization and activation process, the controllable heat energy generated in the biomass thermal cracking process is reasonably distributed in links of carbonization, activation secondary heating, boiler steam and the like, and the steam quantity in an activation area is accurately controlled, so that the carbon base is uniformly activated and the heat energy can be saved; because the utility model discloses can utilize (800-.
The carbonization chamber and the activation chamber are connected with an upper layer and a lower layer, and the temperature of the two areas is accurately controlled by the temperature sensor.
The active carbon is conveyed to a sealing conveyor belt (conveying device) by a packing auger and then is conveyed to a storage tank for cooling and then is packaged.
The side wall of the activation chamber is a heat-insulating layer filled with heat-insulating materials. The whole equipment is made of 304 stainless steel, the carbonization reaction tube in the carbonization chamber and the activation reaction tube in the activation chamber are made of high-temperature resistant special stainless steel, a vertical steam boiler is arranged at the top of the activation chamber, and a heat source is provided by the waste heat of the activation chamber.
The biomass raw material sequentially passes through four processes of preheating, initial cracking (a first zone and a second zone), complete cracking (a first zone and a second zone) and carbonization in the moving process of the carbonization reaction tube, the generated combustible cracking gas enters the carbonization chamber to be combusted to generate a temperature of 400-.
And a water-cooling exchanger is arranged outside the tail gas emission system.
Example 2, a wood chip biomass material was used as an example. A movable method for continuous thermal cracking, carbonization and activation of miniaturized biomass adopts a reaction tube and a propelling screw to respectively finish the movement of biomass materials in a carbonization chamber and a carbon base in an activation chamber; the temperature in the carbonization chamber and the temperature in the activation chamber are respectively controlled, so that the biomass material can complete continuous and uninterrupted thermal cracking carbonization reaction and steam high-temperature activation reaction in a short distance, finished activated carbon is obtained, and the integration and miniaturization of carbonization and activation of the biomass material are realized.
The specific process of the thermal cracking carbonization reaction in the carbonization chamber is as follows: a carbonization chamber is used for heating the carbonization reaction tube, and a plurality of working sections with the temperature in step distribution are arranged on the carbonization reaction tube along the advancing direction of the biomass material; the biomass material sequentially passes through each working section in the carbonization reaction tube under the propelling action of the carbonization propelling screw, and then thermal cracking carbonization reaction is completed to obtain the carbon base.
The plurality of working sections include a preheating zone, a first zone for preliminary cracking, a second zone for preliminary cracking, a first zone for complete cracking, a second zone for complete cracking, and a carbonization zone.
The temperature of the preheating zone is 270.2 ℃, the temperature of the primary cracking zone I is 460.6 ℃, the temperature of the primary cracking zone II is 631.8 ℃, the temperature of the complete cracking zone I is 705.6 ℃, the temperature of the complete cracking zone II is 730.8 ℃ and the temperature of the carbonization zone is 708.5 ℃.
The carbonization chamber utilizes combustible pyrolysis gas released by the biomass material in the thermal cracking carbonization reaction to burn and generate heat, so as to realize heating of the carbonization reaction tube; meanwhile, the control of the combustion heat production of combustible pyrolysis gas is realized by controlling the oxygen feeding amount of the carbonization chamber in different working sections of the carbonization reaction tube, thereby completing the temperature regulation of different working sections of the carbonization reaction tube.
The specific process of the steam high-temperature activation reaction in the activation chamber comprises the following steps: heating the activation reaction tube by using an activation chamber, and arranging a heating section and a steam high-temperature activation section on the activation reaction tube along the carbon-based advancing direction; under the propelling action of the activating propelling screw, the carbon base sequentially passes through a heating section and a steam high-temperature activating section in the activating reaction tube, and is activated under the action of steam to obtain the finished product of the activated carbon.
The temperature in the activation chamber is 800-1500 ℃.
The temperature of the heating section was 1097.7 ℃ and the temperature of the steam high temperature activation section was 1300.9 ℃.
Combustible pyrolysis gas released by thermal cracking and carbonization reaction in the carbonization chamber and volatile components generated by high-temperature activation of steam in the activation chamber are combusted to generate heat in the activation chamber, so that the activation reaction tube is heated.
The combustion heat generation quantity of the positions corresponding to the heating section and the steam high-temperature activation section in the activation chamber is adjusted by controlling the air input quantity of the combustible pyrolysis gas, so that the temperature control of the heating section and the steam high-temperature activation section on the activation reaction tube is realized.
The steam in the high-temperature steam activation zone comes from a steam boiler, and the heat source of the steam boiler is provided by the heat energy generated by combustion in the activation chamber.
Steam is sprayed into the high-temperature steam activation area through a steam nozzle, and the spraying frequency of the steam nozzle is in direct proportion to the propelling speed of the activation propelling screw.
The device comprises a compartment body, wherein a rack 1 is arranged in the compartment body, a carbonization chamber 2 and an activation chamber 3 which are communicated with each other are arranged on the rack 1, a carbon-based transfer device 4 is arranged at the discharge end of the carbonization chamber 2, and the carbon-based transfer device 4 corresponds to the feed end of the activation chamber 3; a screw-propelled carbonization reactor is arranged in the carbonization chamber 2, and a screw-propelled activation reactor is arranged in the activation chamber 3.
The carbonization chamber 2 and the activation chamber 3 are transversely arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'hui' with an upper layer and a lower layer.
The activation chamber 3 comprises an activation combustion chamber 301, the screw propulsion type activation reactor comprises an activation reaction pipe 304 positioned in the activation combustion chamber 301, and an activation propulsion screw 305 is arranged in the activation reaction pipe 304; the activation reaction tube 304 is provided with a heating zone and a steam high-temperature activation zone in sequence along the material advancing direction.
The activation reaction tube 304 is provided with a volatile component exhaust hole 307 and a steam nozzle 308 which respectively correspond to the heating zone and the steam high-temperature activation zone.
A charcoal-based feeding bin 302 is arranged at the feeding end of the activation combustion cavity 301, and a steam release bin 303 is arranged at the discharging end of the activation combustion cavity 301; the activation reaction tube 304 penetrates through the charcoal-based feed bin 302, the activation combustion chamber 301 and the steam release bin 303.
A steam boiler 5 connected with the activation chamber 3 is arranged outside the chamber body.
The steam boiler 5 is connected with a tail gas discharge system 6, the tail gas discharge system 6 is connected with a steam release bin 303 through a steam waste gas pipe 7, and the tail gas discharge system 6 is also provided with a waste heat discharge controller 8 and a waste heat discharge pipe 9 which are connected with the activation chamber 3.
A finished product discharging and transferring device 309 is further arranged in the steam release bin 303, and a conveying device 310 is arranged below the finished product discharging and transferring device 309.
A combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller 10 is arranged at the communication position between the carbonization chamber 2 and the activation chamber 3. The activation combustion cavity 301 is internally provided with a combustible gas conveying pipe corresponding to the heating area and the steam high-temperature activation area respectively, and the combustible gas conveying pipe is matched with the combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller 10.
A thermal energy controller 11 is arranged between the steam boiler 5 and the activation chamber 3.
30% of combustible pyrolysis gas released by the thermal cracking and carbonization reaction in the carbonization chamber is combusted in the carbonization chamber, and the rest combustible pyrolysis gas enters the activation chamber to be mixed with volatile components for combustion.
The specific process of the activation reaction in the activation chamber is as follows: heating the carbon base in an activation reaction tube and then entering a steam high-temperature activation area; in the steam high-temperature activation area, the carbon base instantaneously releases volatile under the action of steam and opens the pores to complete activation, and the volatile is discharged into the activation chamber through the volatile release pores to participate in combustion.
The activated carbon enters the steam release chamber after coming out of the activation chamber, the waste steam is discharged through the steam waste gas pipe, and the finished activated carbon is discharged through the finished product conveying device.
The combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller, the heat energy controller and the waste heat discharge controller can adopt control partition plates.
And combustible gas is combusted in the carbonization combustion cavity and the activation combustion cavity.
The carbonization chamber 2 comprises a carbonization combustion chamber 201, the screw propulsion type carbonization reactor comprises a carbonization reaction tube 202 which is transversely arranged in the carbonization combustion chamber, a carbonization propulsion screw 203 is arranged in the carbonization reaction tube 202, and thermal cracking propulsion motors 204 are arranged at two ends of the carbonization propulsion screw 203; the feeding end of the carbonization reaction tube 202 is provided with a biomass feeding bin 205, and the end part of the carbonization propulsion screw 203 is positioned in the biomass feeding bin 205; the carbonization reaction tube 202 is also provided with a combustible pyrolysis gas exhaust tube 206.
Ignition equipment is arranged in the carbonization combustion chamber, a plurality of groups of oxygen inlet pipes are arranged above the working sections of the corresponding carbonization reaction pipes, and the combustion degree of the area is controlled by controlling the air input of oxygen in the oxygen inlet pipes, so that the aim of controlling temperature regulation is fulfilled.
The activation combustion cavity is internally provided with ignition equipment and two groups of combustible gas conveying pipes which respectively correspond to the heating section and the steam high-temperature activation section of the activation reaction pipe, and the purpose of adjusting the heating temperature is achieved by controlling the gas flow of the combustible gas conveying pipes.
The carbon-based transfer device and the finished product discharge transfer device are of a conveying auger structure.
And a carbon-based feeding auger is also arranged on the carbon-based feeding bin.
The steam nozzle is connected with a steam boiler through a pipeline.
The carbonization chamber and the activation chamber are respectively provided with a plurality of temperature sensors, and the controller adjusts and controls the opening of the partition plate according to the data of the temperature sensors so as to control the flow of the pyrolysis gas in the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber.
The movable carriage body can be a standard 50-foot container, a rack, a carbonization chamber, an activation chamber and the like are arranged in the movable carriage body, consigned to a biomass raw material concentration place, the movable carriage body is placed in an appointed place, and continuous and uninterrupted production of the activated carbon can be realized through simple assembly (feeding, discharging and exhaust pipelines).
The device is integrally arranged into an upper layer and a lower layer in a transverse reversed-square-shaped layout and comprises a carbonization chamber and an activation chamber, wherein a transverse carbonization propulsion screw is arranged in the carbonization chamber of one layer for propulsion, a carbonization reaction pipe penetrates through a biomass feeding bin to a carbon discharging area, an outlet of the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber of the second layer are connected to the carbon-based feeding bin through the head end of an auger (carbon-based transfer device), an activation propulsion screw in a transverse reverse direction is arranged in the activation chamber, and the activation reaction pipe penetrates through a bin to an activated carbon discharging port. The biomass material in the carbonization chamber of one layer releases combustible pyrolysis gas after thermal cracking and burns, a large amount of combustible pyrolysis gas enters the activation chamber of the upper layer to burn while providing the heat energy required by carbonization of the carbonization chamber, the activation chamber is heated, simultaneously, the waste heat in the activation chamber provides heat energy for the steam boiler to generate steam, the steam is sprayed into the activation reaction pipe through the steam nozzle, so that high-temperature carbon base is instantly released to volatilize volatile components to open pores to complete activation, the volatile components are discharged into the activation chamber through the volatile component release holes to participate in burning, and a plurality of waste heat energy is discharged into a tail gas system through an adjustable partition plate (a waste heat discharge controller). The activated carbon is pushed to the steam release sealed bin by the activation pushing screw, and a large amount of water vapor is discharged into a tail gas exhaust system by a steam waste gas pipe at the top of the steam release sealed bin. The carbonization and the activation are continuous, the temperature drop of the carbon base is small, the heat energy of secondary heating is greatly saved, the biomass material always enters the carbonization chamber and the activation chamber in order, and the activated product is uniform and delicate. The materials do not stay in the carbonization and activation process, the controllable heat energy generated in the biomass thermal cracking process is reasonably distributed in links of carbonization, activation secondary heating, boiler steam and the like, and the steam quantity in an activation area is accurately controlled, so that the carbon base is uniformly activated and the heat energy can be saved; because the utility model discloses can utilize (800-.
The carbonization chamber and the activation chamber are connected with an upper layer and a lower layer, and the temperature of the two areas is accurately controlled by the temperature sensor.
The active carbon is conveyed to a sealing conveyor belt (conveying device) by a packing auger and then is conveyed to a storage tank for cooling and then is packaged.
The side wall of the activation chamber is a heat-insulating layer filled with heat-insulating materials. The whole equipment is made of 304 stainless steel, the carbonization reaction tube in the carbonization chamber and the activation reaction tube in the activation chamber are made of high-temperature resistant special stainless steel, a vertical steam boiler is arranged at the top of the activation chamber, and a heat source is provided by the waste heat of the activation chamber.
The biomass raw material sequentially passes through four processes of preheating, initial cracking (a first zone and a second zone), complete cracking (a first zone and a second zone) and carbonization in the moving process of the carbonization reaction tube, the generated combustible cracking gas enters the carbonization chamber to be combusted to generate a temperature of 400-.
And a water-cooling exchanger is arranged outside the tail gas emission system.
Claims (10)
1. Portable miniaturized biomass continuous pyrolysis carbomorphism activation all-in-one, its characterized in that: the device comprises a compartment body, wherein a rack (1) is arranged in the compartment body, a carbonization chamber (2) and an activation chamber (3) which are communicated with each other are arranged on the rack (1), a carbon-based transfer device (4) is arranged at the discharge end of the carbonization chamber (2), and the carbon-based transfer device (4) corresponds to the feed end of the activation chamber (3); a screw propulsion type carbonization reactor is arranged in the carbonization chamber (2), and a screw propulsion type activation reactor is arranged in the activation chamber (3).
2. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carbonization chamber (2) and the activation chamber (3) are transversely arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'hui' with an upper layer and a lower layer.
3. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the activation chamber (3) comprises an activation combustion cavity (301), the screw propulsion type activation reactor comprises an activation reaction pipe (304) positioned in the activation combustion cavity (301), and an activation propulsion screw (305) is arranged in the activation reaction pipe (304); the activation reaction tube (304) is sequentially provided with a heating zone and a steam high-temperature activation zone along the material advancing direction.
4. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and a combustible gas conveying pipe corresponding to the heating area and the steam high-temperature activation area is arranged in the activation combustion cavity (301).
5. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the activation reaction tube (304) is provided with a volatile component exhaust hole (307) and a steam nozzle (308) which respectively correspond to the heating area and the steam high-temperature activation area.
6. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a carbon-based feeding bin (302) is arranged at the feeding end of the activation combustion cavity (301), and a steam release bin (303) is arranged at the discharging end of the activation combustion cavity (301); the activation reaction pipe (304) penetrates through the carbon-based feeding bin (302), the activation combustion chamber (301) and the steam release bin (303).
7. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a steam boiler (5) connected with the activation chamber (3) is arranged outside the compartment body.
8. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the steam boiler (5) is connected with a tail gas discharge system (6), the tail gas discharge system (6) is connected with the steam release bin (303) through a steam waste gas pipe (7), and the tail gas discharge system (6) is also provided with a waste heat discharge controller (8) and a waste heat discharge pipe (9) which are connected with the activation chamber (3).
9. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 8, wherein: still be equipped with finished product ejection of compact transfer device (309) in steam release storehouse (303), finished product ejection of compact transfer device (309) below is equipped with conveyor (310).
10. The movable miniaturized integrated machine for continuous thermal cracking, charring and activating of biomass as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a combustible pyrolysis gas flow controller (10) is arranged at the communication part between the carbonization chamber (2) and the activation chamber (3); a heat energy controller (11) is arranged between the steam boiler (5) and the activation chamber (3).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023081997A1 (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-05-19 | RDA Technologies Inc. | Method of biochar formation and machine for conversion of biomass to biochar |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023081997A1 (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-05-19 | RDA Technologies Inc. | Method of biochar formation and machine for conversion of biomass to biochar |
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