CN212434834U - Antenna and aircraft - Google Patents
Antenna and aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN212434834U CN212434834U CN202021176047.0U CN202021176047U CN212434834U CN 212434834 U CN212434834 U CN 212434834U CN 202021176047 U CN202021176047 U CN 202021176047U CN 212434834 U CN212434834 U CN 212434834U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an antenna and aircraft, this antenna includes: top loading portion, metal floor, monopole and a plurality of earth connection post, top loading portion and metal floor are spaced each other and are parallel, and the one end setting of each earth connection post is at the edge of top loading portion, and metal floor is connected to the other end of each earth connection post, and the monopole setting is in the below of top loading portion, and wherein, top loading portion is circular and includes: the center part is arranged in the circle center area; a first top loading ring connected to the central portion; the second top loading circular ring and the first top loading circular ring are arranged concentrically and are separated from each other; and the square resistance sheet is connected with the second top loading ring, is separated from the first top loading ring and forms a circular gap. The utility model discloses an antenna carries out the square resistance distribution loading to top loading portion through the square resistance piece, optimizes the radiation impedance, improves the whole gain of antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an antenna technology field, in particular to antenna and aircraft.
Background
The frequency range of the ultrahigh frequency wireless communication is 300MHz-3000 MHz. The ultrahigh frequency communication has the advantages of wide available frequency, simple manufacture, small equipment volume and the like, so that the ultrahigh frequency communication is widely applied to the field of military and civil use. The ultrahigh frequency hopping communication is an important communication means, and particularly in modern military communication, the ultrahigh frequency hopping communication has very strong data transmission and anti-interference capabilities, and in addition, the frequency hopping communication technology also has the advantages of high frequency spectrum utilization rate, multipath resistance, fading resistance, easiness in networking and the like.
The antenna can not be separated in wireless communication, because the antenna is an outlet and an inlet in a radio frequency wireless communication system and is a conversion medium between a space electromagnetic signal and a wave guide device, the quality of the performance of the antenna directly influences the quality of the whole communication system. In frequency hopping communication in an ultra-high frequency band, an ultra-high frequency broadband antenna is particularly important as an important component in a system because the operating frequency band of the frequency hopping antenna is wide. In practical applications, the antenna is required to cover a wide operating frequency band and have a size as small as possible, which makes it difficult to design a miniaturized wideband antenna. Therefore, it is important to study the high performance, wide band and miniaturization of the uhf antenna.
At present, the ultrahigh frequency band antenna in the market is generally a whip or discoid monopole antenna. When the whip monopole or disc-cone monopole antenna resonates, the required height is too large, in order to reduce the height, an RLC network containing a loss element is inevitably adopted to be matched at a port, and the loss element matched with the port consumes more antenna radiation energy than the same value under the condition of distributed loading on the antenna, and the radiation energy can be generally higher by more than 50%. Therefore, the whole gain of the existing ultrahigh frequency band antenna is not high due to the adoption of the RLC matching network, and particularly, the electric length of a low frequency band is smaller and the gain is too low.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above problem, an object of the utility model is to provide an antenna and aircraft to the full frequency channel's of harmonious antenna radiation impedance ensures the low frequency channel gain, improves the whole gain of the full frequency channel of antenna, improves the communication quality of aircraft.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna, comprising: top loading portion, metal floor, monopole and a plurality of earth connection post, top loading portion with metal floor separates each other and is parallel, and the one end setting of each earth connection post is in the edge of top loading portion, the other end of each earth connection post is connected metal floor, the monopole sets up the below of top loading portion, wherein, top loading portion is circular and includes:
the center part is arranged in the circle center area;
a first top-loading ring connected to the central portion;
a second top loading ring concentrically disposed with and separated from the first top loading ring;
and the square resistance sheet is connected with the second top loading circular ring, is separated from the first top loading circular ring and forms a circular gap.
Optionally, the monopole is in a cone shape, a bottom surface of the cone is arranged below and connected with a central portion of the top loading portion, and a vertex of the cone extends towards the metal floor.
Optionally, a projection of a vertex of the cone on the plane of the top loading part coincides with a center of the top loading part.
Optionally, a feed hole is disposed at a central position of the metal floor, and the antenna further includes:
the feed portion comprises a top end and a bottom end, the top end of the feed portion penetrates through the feed hole of the metal floor and is connected with external feed, and the bottom end of the feed portion is connected with the conical top of the monopole.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises:
and the first metal sleeve is in a circular truncated cone shape, is sleeved on the periphery of the feed part and is mutually spaced from the plurality of grounding columns.
Optionally, the first metal sleeve includes a bottom end and a top end, the bottom end of the first metal sleeve is connected to the metal floor, the top end of the first metal sleeve is close to the top loading portion, and the cross-sectional size of the first metal sleeve is gradually reduced from bottom to top.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises:
and the second metal sleeve is in a circular truncated cone shape, is sleeved on the periphery of the monopole, is positioned above the first metal sleeve and is connected with the first metal sleeve.
Optionally, the second metal sleeve includes a bottom end and a top end, the bottom end of the second metal sleeve is connected to the top end of the first metal sleeve, the top end of the second metal sleeve is close to the top loading portion, and the cross-sectional size of the second metal sleeve is gradually increased from bottom to top.
Optionally, the cone axis of the monopole, the central axis of the first metal sleeve and the central axis of the second metal sleeve are coincided in three lines and perpendicular to the plane of the top loading part.
According to the utility model discloses a further aspect provides an aircraft, the aircraft includes the utility model provides an antenna.
The utility model provides an antenna includes: top loading portion, metal floor, monopole and a plurality of earth connection post, top loading portion and metal floor are spaced each other and are parallel, and the one end setting of each earth connection post is at the edge of top loading portion, and metal floor is connected to the other end of each earth connection post, and the monopole setting is in the below of top loading portion, and wherein, top loading portion is circular and includes: the center part is arranged in the circle center area; a first top loading ring connected to the central portion; the second top loading circular ring and the first top loading circular ring are arranged concentrically and are separated from each other; and the square resistance sheet is connected with the second top loading ring, is separated from the first top loading ring and forms a circular gap. Utilize first top loading ring and second top loading ring isolating construction to and set up the square resistance piece between first top loading ring and second top loading ring, and only be connected with second top loading ring, first top loading ring is the high frequency radiation loading, second top loading ring is the low frequency radiation loading, the square resistance piece sets up between the two, distribute the concentrated loading to top loading portion, the radiation impedance of harmonious top loading portion improves the electric length of the low frequency section of second top loading ring, the electric length of the high frequency section of first top loading ring is also guaranteed simultaneously. The utility model provides an antenna has improved the electric length of low frequency channel, has improved the gain of antenna low frequency channel, has ensured the electric length of high frequency channel simultaneously, ensures the high frequency channel gain to antenna full frequency channel whole gain has been improved.
The utility model provides an antenna establishes the first metal sleeve that the cross section size is gradually diminished by bottom to top at the monopole overcoat, and first metal sleeve bottom is connected to the floor, extends the antenna bandwidth, promotes the whole matching effect of antenna, realizes the miniaturization of antenna.
The utility model provides an antenna overlaps again outside the monopole and establishes the second metal sleeve that the cross section size becomes big between by bottom to top, and second metal sleeve's bottom is connected with first metal sleeve's top, further improves the whole matching effect of antenna, reduces antenna size.
The utility model provides an aircraft adopts the utility model provides an antenna, the whole gain of wireless communication signal in the full frequency channel of hyperfrequency is high, and communication quality is good.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 shows a top view of a top loading portion of an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a top view of a simulated installation environment of an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a port voltage standing wave ratio of an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 shows the minimum gain of each frequency point of the antenna at different elevation angles of the port of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 shows a top view of a top loading portion of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The top loading part 110 of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention includes a central part 5, a first top loading ring 1, a second top loading ring 2, and a square resistance sheet 3. The top loading part 110 is circular, the central part 5 is arranged in the circle center area, the first top loading ring 1 is circular and connected with the central part 5, the second top loading ring 2 is circular and concentrically arranged with the first top loading ring 1 and mutually separated, the square resistance piece 3 is positioned between the first top loading ring 1 and the second top loading ring 2, the outer edge of the square resistance piece 3 is in contact connection with the inner edge of the second top loading ring 2, the outer edge of the first top loading ring 1 is separated from the inner edge of the square resistance piece 3 and mutually separated, and a circular ring-shaped gap 4 is formed. The top loading portion 110 of the antenna is center fed.
The utility model discloses antenna adopts square resistance piece 3 to distribute the concentrated loading to the antenna, and its loading position selects the disc mid portion at top loading portion 110. First top loading ring 1 is the high band radiation loading, and second top loading ring 2 is the low frequency channel radiation loading, sets up square resistance piece 3 between high low frequency radiation loading, can tune the radiation impedance of full frequency channel, specifically arrives the utility model discloses the antenna is just mainly to absorb the electromagnetic wave energy of the slightly high frequency channel of first top loading ring 1, and is less to the low frequency channel electromagnetic wave energy absorption of second top loading ring 2 to the gain effect of low frequency channel has been ensured, simultaneously, has absorbed the electromagnetic wave energy of more high frequency channel, but the electric length of high frequency channel itself is secure, and high frequency channel gain is also secure, so the antenna has all had the assurance at the gain of full frequency channel. The first top loading circular ring 1 is connected with the central part 5 of the central feed, a gap is formed between the first top loading circular ring 1 and the second top loading circular ring 2, the gap can be equivalent to a lumped loading capacitor, and the effective electrical length of the low-frequency antenna of the second top loading circular ring 2 is guaranteed. In the present embodiment, the first top loading ring 1 and the second top loading ring 2 of the top loading part 110 are both circular rings, but are not limited to regular circular rings.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a top loading portion 110, a monopole 50, a plurality of ground posts 6 (four ground posts 6 are provided in this embodiment), a second metal sleeve 7, a first metal sleeve 8, a metal floor 9, and a feeding portion (not shown in fig. 2). The top loading part 110 and the metal floor 9 are spaced and parallel to each other, one end of each grounding column 6 is arranged at the edge of the top loading part 110, the other end of each grounding column 6 is connected with the metal floor 9, the monopole 50 is arranged below the top loading part 110, the monopole is specifically arranged right below the central part 5 of the top loading part 110, the edge part of the top loading part 110 is connected to the metal floor 9 through four grounding columns 6, the four grounding columns 6 are symmetrically arranged in pairs, the projection points of the two adjacent grounding columns 6 in the circular top loading part 110 are different by 90 degrees, and the two spaced grounding columns 6 are respectively arranged at two ends of the diameter of the circular top loading part 110.
The first metal sleeve 8 is in a circular truncated cone shape, is sleeved on the periphery of the feeding portion, and is spaced from the plurality of grounding posts. The bottom end of the second metal sleeve 7 is connected with the top end of the first metal sleeve 8, and the bottom end of the first metal sleeve 8 is connected to the metal floor 9 and is spaced from the grounding post 6; the bottom end of the second metal sleeve 7 faces the top loading part 110, the area of the bottom end of the first metal sleeve 8 is larger than that of the bottom end of the second metal sleeve 7, the bottom end of the central part 5 is connected to the power feed downwards and is connected with the first top loading ring 1 upwards, and the central part 5 is also connected with the power feed. The metal floor 9 has a central opening (feed hole), and a feed end (top end) of the feed portion extends to the opening position to be connected with an external feed. The metal floor 9 also serves as a fixing member for the antenna, and the antenna is integrally fixed to the metal floor 9.
In the present embodiment, the monopole 50 is in the form of a cone, the vertex of the cone extends in the direction of the metal floor 9, and the projection of the vertex of the cone on the plane of the top loading portion 110 coincides with the center of the top loading portion 110 on the plane.
The top loading part 110 can expand the bandwidth of the antenna and reduce the height of the antenna, the four grounding columns 6 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the top loading part 110 and are connected with the top loading part 110 and the metal floor 9, and the grounding columns 6 are adopted to short-circuit the top loading part 110 and the metal floor 9, so that the transverse size of the antenna is effectively reduced.
The second metal sleeve 7 and the first metal sleeve 8 are used as gradual change sleeves of the antenna, the whole of each gradual change sleeve is in a cone shape with gradually changed cross section size, the gradual change sleeves are made of conductive metal materials, the cross section size of the first metal sleeve 8 is gradually reduced from the bottom end to the top end (from bottom to top with the metal floor 9 as the lower part), the bottom end of the first metal sleeve 8 is connected with the metal floor 9, the area is large, the bottom end edge of the first metal sleeve 8 is close to the grounding column 6, and the top end of the first metal sleeve 8 is close to the top loading part 110; the cross section size of the second metal sleeve 7 is gradually increased from the bottom end to the top end (from bottom to top with the metal floor 9 as the lower part), the bottom end of the second metal sleeve 7 is connected with the top end of the first metal sleeve 8, the top end of the second metal sleeve 7 faces the top loading part 110, the antenna bandwidth can be expanded by the gradual change sleeve, and the transverse size of the antenna is reduced. The first metal sleeve 8 is sleeved on the periphery of the feed portion, the second metal sleeve 7 is sleeved on the periphery of the monopole, in other embodiments, the feed portion is extremely small in size, the monopole extends to a metal floor, and it can be understood that the first metal sleeve 8 and the second metal sleeve are sleeved on the periphery of the monopole.
The monopole 50 is a cone, the bottom surface of the cone of the monopole is disposed below the central portion 5 of the top loading portion 110 and connected to the central portion 5, the vertex of the cone of the monopole extends toward the metal floor 9, and the vertex is connected to the bottom end of the feeding portion, the top end of the feeding portion passes through the feeding hole at the central position of the metal floor 9 to receive the external feeding signal, thereby feeding the monopole. The second metal sleeve 7 and the first metal sleeve 8 are sleeved on the peripheries of the monopole and the feed part.
The combined design of the second metal sleeve 7 and the first metal sleeve 8 can further expand the bandwidth compared with the single sleeve design, and is convenient for integral matching adjustment, the bottom end of the first metal sleeve 8 is directly connected to the metal floor 9 to play a role in grounding, the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded to reduce the transverse size, the structure of the gradual change sleeve is adopted, the structure can be equivalent to an infinite number of grounding posts inclined relative to the floor, the length of the grounding posts is greater than that of the grounding posts vertical to the floor, the bandwidth expansion effect is better than that of the vertical grounding posts, the second metal sleeve 7 and the first metal sleeve 8 extend outwards from the connecting part, and the impedance matching effect is good. Meanwhile, the grounding post vertical to the floor is designed on the outer layer, the transverse space of the inner layer is limited by the design of the grounding post on the outer layer, the gradual change sleeve is designed on the inner layer in consideration of the integral matching of the antenna, the lower end edge of the gradual change first metal sleeve 8 is close to the grounding post 6 as much as possible without contacting with the grounding post, the space in the limited transverse space is fully utilized, the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded, and the transverse size is reduced. Wherein, the feeding part can also be a needle-shaped feeding probe.
Fig. 3 shows a top view of a simulated installation environment of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The utility model discloses in the whole embedding metal cavity 210 of antenna 100 of embodiment, outer ground plate 200 is the actual metal floor of antenna 100. The cavity 210 has a specification of 460mm by 135mm, the antenna 100 has a height of 125mm, the center portion is one end of the feeding unit 10 (corresponding to a monopole), and the antenna 100 is integrally fixed to the external ground plate 100. The feeding portion 10 comprises a top end and a bottom end, a feeding hole is formed in the center of the metal floor 9, the top end of the feeding portion 10 penetrates through the feeding hole of the metal floor 9 to receive an external feeding signal, and the bottom end of the feeding portion is connected with the conical top of the monopole of the cone to transmit feeding information to the monopole.
In the antenna 100 of the embodiment, the three lines of the cone axis of the monopole, the central axis of the first metal sleeve 8 and the central axis of the second metal sleeve 7 are superposed and perpendicular to the plane of the top loading part 110, so that the symmetry is high, and the simulation design is facilitated.
Fig. 4 shows a port voltage standing wave ratio of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The utility model discloses in the effective frequency channel of antenna, the abscissa is the frequency, and the ordinate is voltage standing wave ratio, and the voltage standing wave ratio of the full frequency channel within range of antenna (0.3 GHz-3GHz frequency range of hyperfrequency radio communication promptly) is less than 3, satisfies the engineering user demand. Wherein, the voltage standing wave ratio part of low frequency band is less than 2.5, and the best part has and is less than 1.5, shows that the utility model discloses an antenna low frequency impedance matching is effectual.
Fig. 5 shows the minimum gain of each frequency point of the antenna at different elevation angles of the port of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention. The abscissa is frequency, the ordinate is gain, the solid line broken line with nodes is the gain of each band of the antenna at a horizontal plane elevation angle of 60 ° (tha ═ 30 °), the broken line is the gain of each band of the antenna at a horizontal plane elevation angle of 30 ° (tha ═ 60 °), and the solid line broken line is the gain of each band of the antenna at a horizontal plane elevation angle (tha ═ 90 °). The antenna of the embodiment of the utility model has the advantages that the gain of each frequency point on the horizontal plane (the theta is 90 degrees) can be more than-7 dBi, wherein the gain of the low frequency band is more than-5 dBi, and the high frequency band is better than 2 dBi; the minimum gain of each frequency point is larger than-2 dBi under the elevation angle of 30 degrees (the theta is 60 degrees), and the low frequency band is 0 dBi; the minimum gain of each frequency point under the elevation angle of 60 degrees (the theta is 30 degrees) is larger than-2.5 dBi, wherein the gain of the low frequency band is larger than 0.5dBi, and is better than the high frequency band by 3 dBi.
The utility model discloses antenna 100 is whole fixed for metal floor 9, metal floor 9 reconnection to actual installation environment, the whole metal cavity that is embedded into of antenna, feed portion 10 top is from outside feed receiving feed, the bottom is connected to central part 5, central part 5 radiates the high frequency electromagnetic wave through first top loading ring 1, second top loading ring 2 is from outer edge radiation low frequency electromagnetic wave after the regulation of square resistance piece 3 to the feed, second metal sleeve 7, first metal sleeve 8 and top loading portion 110 correlation radiation, extend the bandwidth. The square resistance sheet 3 can improve the electrical length of the second top loading ring 2, reduce the radiation energy loss and improve the gain of the corresponding low-frequency band radiation loading. The first top loading ring 1 radiates high-frequency-band electromagnetic waves from the gap 4, and the high-frequency-band electromagnetic waves are absorbed by the square resistance sheet 3, so that the radiation impedance of the second top loading ring 2 is reduced, and the low-frequency-band gain is improved.
The utility model provides an aircraft adopts the utility model provides an antenna, whole gain in the hyperfrequency frequency channel is high, and communication quality is secure.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention as set forth above, these embodiments are not exhaustive and do not limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and its various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna, characterized in that the antenna comprises: top loading portion, metal floor, monopole and a plurality of earth connection post, top loading portion with metal floor separates each other and is parallel, and the one end setting of each earth connection post is in the edge of top loading portion, the other end of each earth connection post is connected metal floor, the monopole sets up the below of top loading portion, wherein, top loading portion is circular and includes:
the center part is arranged in the circle center area;
a first top-loading ring connected to the central portion;
a second top loading ring concentrically disposed with and separated from the first top loading ring;
and the square resistance sheet is connected with the second top loading circular ring, is separated from the first top loading circular ring and forms a circular gap.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the monopole is conical, a base surface of the cone being disposed below and connected to a center portion of the top loading portion, an apex of the cone extending in a direction of the metal floor.
3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein a projection of the apex of the cone onto the plane of the top loading portion coincides with the center of the top loading portion.
4. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein a feed hole is provided at a central position of the metal floor, the antenna further comprising:
the feed portion comprises a top end and a bottom end, the top end of the feed portion penetrates through the feed hole of the metal floor and is connected with external feed, and the bottom end of the feed portion is connected with the conical top of the monopole.
5. The antenna of claim 4, further comprising:
and the first metal sleeve is in a circular truncated cone shape, is sleeved on the periphery of the feed part and is mutually spaced from the plurality of grounding columns.
6. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the first metal sleeve comprises a bottom end and a top end, the bottom end of the first metal sleeve is connected to the metal floor, the top end of the first metal sleeve is close to the top loading portion, and the cross-sectional dimension of the first metal sleeve is gradually reduced from bottom to top.
7. The antenna of claim 5, further comprising:
and the second metal sleeve is in a circular truncated cone shape, is sleeved on the periphery of the monopole, is positioned above the first metal sleeve and is connected with the first metal sleeve.
8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein the second metal sleeve comprises a bottom end and a top end, the bottom end of the second metal sleeve is connected to the top end of the first metal sleeve, the top end of the second metal sleeve is close to the top loading portion, and the cross-sectional dimension of the second metal sleeve gradually increases from bottom to top.
9. The antenna of claim 7 wherein the monopole cone axis, the first metal sleeve central axis, and the second metal sleeve central axis are collinear and perpendicular to the plane of the top loading portion.
10. An aircraft, characterized in that the aircraft comprises an antenna according to any of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021176047.0U CN212434834U (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2020-06-22 | Antenna and aircraft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021176047.0U CN212434834U (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2020-06-22 | Antenna and aircraft |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN212434834U true CN212434834U (en) | 2021-01-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021176047.0U Active CN212434834U (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2020-06-22 | Antenna and aircraft |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN212434834U (en) |
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2020
- 2020-06-22 CN CN202021176047.0U patent/CN212434834U/en active Active
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Effective date of registration: 20230410 Address after: 518000 Room 201, no.1301-38, Guanlan street, Longhua District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Shenzhen Guangqi High-end Equipment Technology Research and Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710000 second floor, building B3, yunhuigu, 156 Tiangu 8th Road, software new town, Xi'an high tech Zone, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: Xi'an Guangqi Advanced Technology Research Institute |
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