CN212430984U - Device for filtering oil smoke and range hood - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a household electrical appliances technical field discloses a device for filtering oil smoke, includes: oil net portion, water conservancy diversion portion and power portion. The oil screen part is provided with a plurality of pores; the flow guide part is arranged in the center of the oil screen part and is configured to guide airflow blowing to the center of the oil screen part to the periphery; the power unit is connected to the center of the oil network unit and configured to rotate the oil network unit. In this application, set up water conservancy diversion portion in oil net portion centre of a circle region, be favorable to with the regional oil smoke of centre of a circle edge reason in the oil net portion, reduce the oil smoke volume through oil net portion centre of a circle region, increase the oil smoke interception rate of oil net portion. The application also discloses a range hood.

Description

Device for filtering oil smoke and range hood

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of household appliances, for example to a device, lampblack absorber for filtering oil smoke.

Background

At present, an oil net of a household range hood is generally a single-layer metal oil net or a multi-layer common metal oil net, and due to the fact that the aperture of the oil net is large, the interception efficiency is low, and the oil smoke interception rate of the oil net is about 30%. If the size of the mesh on the oil screen is reduced, the effect of improving the oil smoke interception rate is limited, and the wind resistance can be increased, the oil screen can capture particles in oil smoke through rotation by arranging the dynamic oil screen in the related technology, so that the oil smoke interception rate of the whole machine can be improved on the premise of small air loss.

In the process of implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is found that at least the following problems exist in the related art:

the oil fume interception efficiency of the circle center area is lower than that of the circumferential edge, so that the whole oil fume interception rate is reduced.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview nor is intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of such embodiments but rather as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a device for filtering oil smoke and a range hood, and aims to solve the problem that the oil smoke interception efficiency of a circle center area is lower than that of a circumferential edge, so that the whole oil smoke interception rate is reduced.

In some embodiments, an apparatus for filtering cooking fumes comprises: oil net portion, water conservancy diversion portion and power portion. The oil screen part is provided with a plurality of pores; the flow guide part is arranged in the center of the oil screen part and is configured to guide airflow blowing to the center of the oil screen part to the periphery; the power unit is connected to the center of the oil network unit and configured to rotate the oil network unit.

In some embodiments, a range hood includes: the device for filtering oil smoke of the above embodiment.

The device for filtering oil smoke, the range hood provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can realize the following technical effects:

the flow guide part is arranged in the circle center area of the oil net part, so that oil smoke in the circle center area can be guided to the circumferential edge, the oil smoke passing through the circle center area of the oil net part is reduced, and the oil smoke interception rate of the oil net part is increased.

The foregoing general description and the following description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.

Drawings

One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the accompanying drawings and not in limitation thereof, in which elements having the same reference numeral designations are shown as like elements and not in limitation thereof, and wherein:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for filtering soot according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an oil screen section provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is an exploded schematic view of a range hood provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of an internal structure of a range hood provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a dynamic oil screen and oil deflector combination provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic oil network provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Reference numerals:

100. an oil screen section; 101. a pore; 200. a power section; 201. connecting ribs; 300. a flow guide part; 400. a housing; 500. a flue; 600. a dynamic oil screen; 700. an oil guide ring; 701. a collecting section; 702. an oil guide part; 703. a circular through opening; 704. a leak hole; 800. an oil cup; 900. and (4) a protection net.

Detailed Description

So that the manner in which the features and elements of the disclosed embodiments can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the disclosed embodiments, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In the following description of the technology, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices may be shown in simplified form in order to simplify the drawing.

The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims, and the above-described drawings of embodiments of the present disclosure, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the present disclosure described herein may be made. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the disclosed embodiments and their examples and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation. Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meanings of these terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

In addition, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "secured" are to be construed broadly. For example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

The term "plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

With reference to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a device for filtering soot, including: oil pan section 100, power section 200, and flow guide section 300. The oil screen portion 100 is provided with a plurality of apertures 101; the guide part 300 is disposed at the center of the oil screen part 100 and configured to guide the air flow blowing toward the center of the oil screen part 100 toward the periphery; the power unit 200 is connected to the center of the oil network unit 100 and configured to rotate the oil network unit 100.

By adopting the device for filtering oil smoke provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the flow guide part 300 is arranged in the circle center area of the oil screen part 100, so that the oil smoke in the circle center area can be guided to the circumferential edge, the oil smoke passing through the circle center area of the oil screen part 100 can be reduced, and the oil smoke interception rate of the oil screen part 100 can be increased.

Alternatively, the power part 200 is a motor, and a rotating shaft of the motor is connected to the center of the oil screen part 100. Thus, when the power part 200 drives the oil net part 100 to rotate, the oil net part 100 is stressed uniformly.

Optionally, the rotating shaft of the motor is detachably connected to the oil screen portion 100. Thus, the oil screen portion 100 is easily installed and removed, and when the oil screen portion 100 is contaminated or damaged, the oil screen portion 100 is easily removed for maintenance.

Optionally, the detachable connection comprises a screw connection or a snap connection. Therefore, the screw connection and the buckle connection belong to common detachable connection modes, and are convenient to operate and install.

Optionally, the flow guide 300 is a hollow structure. Like this, do benefit to the weight that alleviates water conservancy diversion portion 300 self structure, the power portion 200 of being convenient for drives water conservancy diversion portion 300 and carries out high-speed rotation, improves rotation efficiency for water conservancy diversion portion 300 leads the oil smoke in the regional oil smoke of oil net portion 100 centre of a circle circumferential edge reason, increases the interception rate of oil net portion 100.

Optionally, the flow guide 300 is a conical structure. Thus, the conical structure has the effect of guiding flow to the periphery in the rotating process, and is beneficial to guiding the oil smoke in the circle center area of the oil screen part 100 to the circumferential area.

Optionally, the sides of the flow guide 300 are arc-shaped. Thus, when the guiding portion 300 guides the oil smoke in the circle center area to the circumferential edge, the resistance between the guiding portion 300 and the oil smoke is reduced, the amount of the oil smoke passing through the circle center area of the oil net portion 100 is reduced, and the oil smoke interception rate of the oil net portion 100 is increased.

Alternatively, the deflector 300 is fixed to the oil pan 100 to rotate with the oil pan 100. Thus, the oil screen part 100 and the flow guide part 300 rotate together, which is beneficial for the flow guide part 300 to uniformly guide the oil smoke to the edge of the oil screen part 100, and increases the oil smoke interception rate.

Optionally, the flow guide part 300 is an integral structure with the oil pan part 100. Like this, do benefit to water conservancy diversion portion 300 and oil net portion 100 synchronous revolution under power portion 200 drives, utilize the rotatory centrifugal force that forms of water conservancy diversion portion 300 better to dredge the oil smoke to the circumferencial direction of oil net portion 100, improve the water conservancy diversion effect, and then improve the interception rate of oil smoke.

Optionally, the flow guide 300 is covered with an oil-repellent coating. Thus, the adhesion of oil stains on the surface of the flow guide part 300 can be reduced, and more oil stains are prevented from being adhered to the flow guide part 300.

Optionally, the oil-repellent coating is a nanosilica coating. Like this, spray nanometer silica on water conservancy diversion portion 300, prevent that the oil stain from condensing on water conservancy diversion portion 300, keep the cleanness of water conservancy diversion portion 300.

Optionally, the oil screen portion 100 is circular, and the apertures 101 are arc-shaped groove structures that diverge to the circumference along the center of the oil screen portion 100. Thus, when the oil screen part 100 rotates, the air flow impacting the oil smoke can be cut through the pores 101 of the arc-shaped groove structure, and the interception rate of the oil smoke is improved.

Optionally, the oil screen portion 100 is divided into a plurality of annular regions from the center to the circumference, and the bending direction of the pores 101 in one annular region is opposite to that in the other annular region. Thus, the part of the aperture 101 with the same bending direction as the rotation direction of the oil mesh part 100 can reduce wind-cut noise; the part of the pore 101 with the bending direction opposite to the rotation direction of the oil screen part 100 impacts the oil smoke gas flow through cutting, so that the oil smoke interception rate can be improved, the bending direction of the pore 101 in the partial annular area of the oil screen part 100 is opposite to the bending direction of the rest of the pore 101, namely, the oil smoke can be intercepted efficiently, and the effect of reducing noise is achieved.

Alternatively, the bending direction of the apertures 101 in the annular region near the circumference of the oil screen portion 100 is the same as the rotation direction of the oil screen portion 100, and the bending direction of the apertures 101 in the annular region near the center of the oil screen portion 100 is opposite to the rotation direction of the oil screen portion 100. In this way, the linear velocity of the circle center area of the oil screen part 100 is smaller than that of the circumference area in the rotating process, so that the oil fume interception rate of the circle center area is lower, the wind shear noise of the circumference area is higher, the bending direction of the pores 101 in the annular area close to the circumference of the oil screen part 100 is the same as the rotating direction of the oil screen part 100, the wind shear noise of the circumference area can be reduced, the bending direction of the pores 101 in the annular area close to the circle center of the oil screen part 100 is opposite to the rotating direction of the oil screen part 100, and the oil fume interception rate of the circle center area can be improved.

Alternatively, the annular regions are arranged in pairs, the circle near the oil screen portion 100 refers to the one of the paired annular regions that is closer to the circumference of the oil screen portion 100, and the circle center near the oil screen portion 100 refers to the one of the paired annular regions that is closer to the circle center of the oil screen portion 100. Therefore, the characteristic that the bending directions of the holes 101 in different annular areas are different can be utilized to achieve the effect of reducing noise or improving the oil smoke interception rate.

Alternatively, the oil screen portion 100 is provided in plurality, the plurality of oil screen portions 100 are concentrically provided, and the pore diameter of the pore 101 is enlarged layer by layer. Therefore, the oil smoke with different particle sizes is intercepted according to the different pore sizes of the oil screen part 100, the oil screen part 100 with the large pore size intercepts the oil smoke with large particles, the oil screen part 100 with the small pore size intercepts the oil smoke with small particles, and therefore the oil smoke with different particle sizes can be intercepted, and the oil smoke interception rate is improved.

Alternatively, the pore diameters of the pores 101 on the oil mesh part 100 on the leeward side one layer are enlarged layer by layer toward the pore diameters of the pores 101 on the oil mesh part 100 on the windward side one layer. Therefore, when oil smoke enters the oil screen part 100, large-particle oil smoke particles are intercepted first, small-particle oil smoke particles are intercepted later, and the oil smoke interception rate is improved.

Alternatively, multiple oil network portions 100 are driven by the same power portion 200. Thus, the oil net parts 100 are uniformly stressed and synchronously rotate by the driving of the same power part 200, and the oil net part is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Alternatively, the apertures 101 of the plurality of oil mesh parts 100 are bent in different directions. Thus, the oil net part 100 having the same bending direction of the apertures 101 as the rotation direction can reduce wind-cut noise, and the oil net part 100 having the opposite bending direction of the apertures 101 as the rotation direction can improve the oil smoke interception rate, so that the oil net part 100 can reduce noise and improve the oil smoke interception rate.

Alternatively, the bending directions of the apertures 101 on two adjacent oil mesh parts 100 are opposite. Thus, when the soot passes through two adjacent oil mesh parts 100, the oil mesh parts 100 having the same bending direction of the apertures 101 as the rotation direction can reduce wind-cut noise, and the oil mesh parts 100 having the opposite bending direction of the apertures 101 as the rotation direction can improve the soot interception rate.

Alternatively, the bending directions of the apertures 101 on two adjacent oil screen portions 100 are opposite, and the bending directions of the apertures 101 on corresponding positions of two adjacent oil screen portions 100 are opposite.

Alternatively, the plurality of oil mesh portions 100 have different diameters. Thus, in the rotation process of the oil screen portion 100, the linear velocity of the area close to the circle center of the oil screen portion 100 is smaller than the linear velocity of the circumferential area, which results in the oil smoke interception rate of the circle center area of the oil screen portion 100 being lower than that of the circumferential area, but in the rotation process of the oil screen portions 100 with different diameters, the oil screen portion 100 with the small diameter guides the oil smoke in the circle center area of the oil screen portion 100 with the large diameter to the circumferential area, thereby improving the oil smoke interception rate.

Alternatively, of the plurality of oil mesh parts 100, the diameter of the oil mesh part 100 on the windward side is smaller than the diameter of the oil mesh part 100 on the leeward side. Therefore, when the oil screen part 100 positioned on the windward side rotates, the oil smoke in the circle center area of the oil screen part 100 positioned on the leeward side can be guided to the circumferential area, and the oil smoke interception rate is effectively improved.

Referring to fig. 3-6, in some embodiments, a range hood includes the device for filtering soot of any of the above embodiments.

In some embodiments, a range hood, comprising: a housing 400, a dynamic oil screen 600, and an oil guide ring 700. A vertical flue 500 is arranged inside the shell 400; the dynamic oil screen 600 is arranged in the flue 500 or at a port, and comprises an oil screen part 100 and a power part 200 for driving the oil screen part 100 to rotate; the oil guide ring 700 includes a collecting portion 701 and an oil guide portion 702 provided below the collecting portion 701, and the collecting portion 701 is fitted around the oil screen portion 100.

Adopt this disclosed embodiment to provide's lampblack absorber, set up at dynamic oil net 600 and lead oil ring 700, wherein lead oil ring 700's collection portion 701 cover and establish the week circle at dynamic oil net 600, collect the oil stain back that dynamic oil net 600 threw away, make the oil stain store in oil guide portion 702 along with collection portion 701 flows in, better collect the oil stain on dynamic oil net 600, prevent oil stain sputtering.

Alternatively, the oil guide 702 is a rectangular groove with a circular through hole 703 in the middle. Thus, the oil guide part 702 can smoothly guide the collected oil stain out, and the oil stain is prevented from leaking.

Optionally, the diameter of the circular through opening 703 is larger than the diameter of the oil mesh portion 100. Therefore, external oil smoke can smoothly enter the dynamic oil net 600 through the oil guide part 702, and oil stains in the oil smoke are conveniently intercepted by the dynamic oil net 600.

Optionally, the collecting part 701 is a flange protruding upward relative to the oil guide part 702, and the collecting part 701 and the oil guide part 702 are connected by welding. Like this for the oil stain that collection portion 701 can be better collection oil net part 100 throws away prevents that oil stain spatters.

Alternatively, the power part 200 is a motor, and a rotating shaft of the motor is connected to the center of the oil screen part 100. Thus, when the power part 200 drives the oil net part 100 to rotate, the oil net part 100 is stressed uniformly.

Optionally, the rotating shaft of the motor is detachably connected to the oil screen portion 100. Thus, the oil screen part 100 is convenient to mount and dismount, and the oil screen part 100 is convenient to dismount for maintenance when the oil screen part 100 is damaged or seriously polluted.

Optionally, the detachable connection comprises a screw connection or a snap connection. Therefore, the screw connection and the buckle connection belong to common detachable connection modes, and are convenient to operate and install.

Alternatively, the power part 200 is fixed to the inner wall of the flue 500 by welding through the connecting rib 201. In this way, the power unit 200 is welded and fixed to the inner wall of the flue 500 by the connecting ribs 201, so that the power unit 200 is more stable, and vibration and noise generated when the power unit 200 works are reduced.

Optionally, the oil guiding ring 700 is detachably mounted on the side wall of the flue 500 corresponding to the dynamic oil screen 600. Thus, the oil guide ring 700 is convenient to disassemble for maintenance.

Optionally, a preset included angle is formed between the dynamic oil screen 600 and the horizontal plane. Therefore, oil stains intercepted on the dynamic oil screen 600 can smoothly flow down, and the dynamic oil screen 600 is convenient to clean.

Optionally, a conical table is arranged at the center of the oil screen part 100. Therefore, in the rotating process of the oil screen part 100, the linear velocity close to the circle center area is smaller than the linear velocity close to the circumferential edge, so that the oil fume interception efficiency of the circle center area is lower than that of the circumferential edge, and the conical table arranged at the circle center of the oil screen part 100 is beneficial to guiding the oil fume in the circle center area to the circumferential edge, thereby being beneficial to improving the oil fume interception rate of the dynamic oil screen 600.

Optionally, the oil screen part 100 is detachably mounted with the conical table. Therefore, the conical table is convenient to mount and dismount and clean.

Optionally, oil deflector 700 is mounted in parallel with dynamic oil screen 600. Like this for lead oil ring 700 plane and dynamic oil net 600 plane parallel, do benefit to and lead oil ring 700 and collect the derivation to the oil stain that throws away when rotating dynamic oil net 600, prevent that the oil stain from outwards sputtering.

Optionally, dynamic oil screen 600 is horizontally disposed. Therefore, the oil screen part 100 is stressed uniformly when rotating, and the service life of the oil screen part 100 is prolonged.

Optionally, the collecting part 701 is installed in parallel with the dynamic oil net 600, and a preset included angle is formed between the lower side surface of the oil guiding part 702 and the horizontal plane. Like this for collection portion 701 is in the coplanar with developments oil net 600, does benefit to the oil stain that collection portion 701 throwed away when rotating developments oil net 600 and collects, leads to be equipped with between oil portion 702 downside and the horizontal plane and predetermine the contained angle and do benefit to the oil stain of collection portion 701 collection and derive smoothly, and better collects the oil stain on developments oil net 600, prevents that the oil stain from spattering.

Optionally, the preset included angle is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees. Like this for dynamic oil net 600 inclines for the horizontal plane, but dynamic oil net 600's inclination is less than or equal to the degree, has both guaranteed that the oil stain of interception on dynamic oil net 600 can flow down smoothly, and the atress is relatively even when making dynamic oil net 600 rotate again, can be better collect the oil stain on dynamic oil net 600, can prolong dynamic oil net 600's life again.

Optionally, the radial size difference between the oil guide ring 700 and the dynamic oil screen 600 is L, and L is greater than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 10 mm. Like this, be convenient for lead collection portion 701 cover of oil ring 700 and establish on dynamic oil net 600, do not influence the rotation of dynamic oil net 600 and better collect the oil stain of intercepting on dynamic oil net 600, prevent oil stain sputtering.

Optionally, the vertical height difference of the assembly of the oil guide ring 700 and the dynamic oil screen 600 is B, and B is greater than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. Like this, make and lead and have vertical difference in height between oil portion 702 of oil ring 700 and the oil net portion 100 of dynamic oil net 600, be convenient for carry out the water conservancy diversion to the oil stain of collecting when not influencing dynamic oil net 600 and rotate, prevent oil stain sputtering.

Optionally, an oil cup 800 is provided at the lower side of the lower end of the oil guide ring 700. Like this for the oil stain that leads oil portion 702 and derive can flow into oil cup 800 smoothly, be convenient for the storage of oil stain, prevent that the oil stain from leaking outward.

Alternatively, the oil cup 800 is detachably provided at the lowermost end of the oil guide 702. Thus, the oil cup 800 is convenient to disassemble and clean oil stains in the oil cup 800.

Optionally, the lowest end of the oil guide 702 is provided with a leak hole 704 configured to communicate the oil guide 702 with the oil cup 800. Thus, oil stains in the oil guide part 702 are dropped into the oil cup 800 through the drain hole 704, and the oil stains can be conveniently led out.

Optionally, the oil cup 800 is strip-shaped. Like this for more oil stain can be stored to oil cup 800 when not sheltering from dynamic oil net 600, prevents that the oil stain from leaking outward.

Optionally, the range hood further comprises: and a protection net 900 disposed under the dynamic oil net 600. Therefore, the user can be protected from contacting the rotating dynamic oil net 600 in the using process, and the safety is improved.

Optionally, protection net 900 is detachably mounted on oil guide ring 700, and mounted protection net 900 is concentric with dynamic oil net 600. Therefore, the protection net 900 is convenient to detach and maintain, and the installed protection net 900 does not influence the oil smoke entering the flue 500 to be cleaned by the dynamic oil net 600.

Optionally, protective netting 900 is covered with an oil-repellent coating. Like this, reduce the attached of oil stain on guard net 900, prevent to attach more oil stain influence oil smoke's suction on guard net 900.

Optionally, the oil-repellent coating is a nanosilica coating. Thus, the nano silicon dioxide is sprayed on the protection net 900 to prevent oil stains from being condensed on the protection net 900, and the protection net 900 is kept clean.

The above description and drawings sufficiently illustrate embodiments of the disclosure to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural and other changes. The examples merely typify possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the sequence of operations may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of others. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A device for filtering cooking fumes, characterized by comprising:

an oil screen portion provided with a plurality of pores;

a flow guide part disposed at the center of the oil screen part and configured to guide an air flow blowing toward the center of the oil screen part toward the periphery;

and the power part is connected with the center of the oil screen part and is configured to drive the oil screen part to rotate.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the flow guide is a hollow structure.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the flow guide is a conical structure.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the sides of the flow guide are arcuate.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the deflector is fixed to the oil pan section for rotation therewith.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow guide portion is of unitary construction with the oil pan portion.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the oil screen portion is circular and the apertures are in the form of arcuate slots that diverge circumferentially along a center of the oil screen portion.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the oil screen portion is divided into a plurality of annular regions from a center to a circumference, and a bending direction of the apertures in some of the annular regions is opposite to that of the apertures in the rest of the annular regions.

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the oil mesh portion is provided in plurality, the plurality of oil mesh portions are concentrically arranged, and the pore diameter of the pores is enlarged layer by layer.

10. A range hood, characterized by further comprising a device for filtering cooking fumes according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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