CN212387792U - Acid mine effluent disposal system - Google Patents
Acid mine effluent disposal system Download PDFInfo
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- CN212387792U CN212387792U CN202020307422.4U CN202020307422U CN212387792U CN 212387792 U CN212387792 U CN 212387792U CN 202020307422 U CN202020307422 U CN 202020307422U CN 212387792 U CN212387792 U CN 212387792U
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Abstract
An acid mine wastewater treatment system belongs to the field of wastewater treatment. The processing system comprises: the adjusting tank is used for receiving raw water containing the acid mine wastewater to be treated and adjusting the water quality and the water quantity of the raw water; the aeration tank is communicated with the regulating tank and is used for receiving the effluent of the regulating tank and generating metal oxide through a dissolved oxygen reaction; the sedimentation tank is communicated with the aeration tank and is used for receiving the effluent of the aeration tank; the permeable reactive barrier is communicated with the sedimentation tank and is used for receiving and treating the effluent of the sedimentation tank; and the sludge temporary storage tank is communicated with the regulating tank and the sedimentation tank and is used for receiving sludge discharged from the sedimentation tank, discharging bottom sludge after the sludge is settled and returning supernatant to the regulating tank. The treatment system can effectively treat the acid mine wastewater, achieves low operation cost, and also has the advantages of high efficiency, ecological environmental protection and stable water outlet.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of wastewater treatment, in particular to an acid mine wastewater treatment system.
Background
During mining of coal mines, metal mines and the like, a great deal of slag, mine pits and mine holes are left. After the mine is shut down, yellow wastewater overflows due to long-term water accumulation in the mine or a mine hole. Wherein the wastewater is mine wastewater. The wastewater has the characteristics of low pH value, high content of characteristic pollutants such as iron and heavy metals and the like. Mine wastewater is discharged wantonly, which causes pollution to downstream rivers, lakes, farmlands and the like and harms life safety of surrounding residents.
At present, the main methods for treating acid mine wastewater include physical treatment, chemical treatment, physical and chemical treatment, biological method, mineral method and the like. Among them, the precipitation method by neutralization with alkali is most widely used. However, the precipitation method by neutralization with alkali has the following problems:
the early construction investment is large;
the corrosion is fast in the running process of the equipment;
the operation cost is high, such as high energy consumption, high labor cost and large medicament consumption;
the application range is small, and the treatment effect on the heavy metal wastewater difficult to precipitate is poor.
In order to solve the problems encountered in the existing acidic mine wastewater treatment process, a new process for treating acidic mine wastewater is urgently needed to be developed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to improve and even solve at least one problem mentioned above, the application provides an acid mine wastewater treatment process and system.
The application is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an acidic wastewater treatment system, including: the adjusting tank is used for receiving raw water containing the acid mine wastewater to be treated and adjusting the water quality and the water quantity of the raw water; the aeration tank is communicated with the regulating tank and is used for receiving the effluent of the regulating tank and generating metal oxide through a dissolved oxygen reaction; the sedimentation tank is communicated with the aeration tank and is used for receiving the effluent of the aeration tank; the permeable reactive barrier is communicated with the sedimentation tank and is used for receiving and treating the effluent of the sedimentation tank; and the sludge temporary storage tank is communicated with the regulating tank and the sedimentation tank and is used for receiving sludge discharged from the sedimentation tank, discharging bottom sludge after the sludge is settled and returning supernatant to the regulating tank.
In other examples of the first aspect, the permeable reactive barrier comprises: the device comprises a first-stage permeable reactive barrier and a second-stage permeable reactive barrier, wherein the inlet of the first-stage permeable reactive barrier is connected with a sedimentation tank, and the outlet of the first-stage permeable reactive barrier is connected with the inlet of the second-stage permeable reactive barrier.
In other examples of the first aspect, the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the first permeable reactive wall and the second permeable reactive wall are provided with water distribution grooves.
In other examples of the first aspect, the water outlet end of the primary permeable reactive barrier and the water inlet end of the secondary permeable reactive barrier share a water distribution trough.
In other examples of the first aspect, the distribution tank is a perforated tracery wall structure or a pipe-through tracery wall structure, wherein the perforations are square holes 50mm × 50mm, and the pipe diameter of the pipe-through is 50 mm.
In other examples of the first aspect, the regulating reservoir, the aeration tank, the sedimentation tank and the permeable reactive barrier are sequentially provided with water outlets distributed from high to low according to the self-flow direction of the fluid under the action of gravity.
In other examples of the first aspect, a stirring device is provided in the aeration tank to stir the stored water in the aeration tank.
In other examples of the first aspect, the stirring device comprises: the power supply, the motor, the gearbox and the impeller;
the motor is powered by a power supply, an output shaft of the motor is connected with an input end of the gearbox, and an output end of the gearbox is connected with the impeller.
In other examples of the first aspect, the power supply includes a solar panel and a rack connected by a connection device.
In other examples of the first aspect, the permeable reactive wall has a replaceable reactive charge disposed therein.
The wastewater treatment system of this application example can be used for implementing wastewater treatment process to the problem that it is difficult to maintain stable treatment up to standard to solve that acid mine wastewater treatment process exists, and have that the working costs is low, the treatment effeciency is high, go out that the water is stable up to standard and ecological economy environmental protection's characteristics. Firstly, the process can continuously and normally carry out wastewater treatment in the subsequent process links by controlling the quality and the quantity of the inlet water. The subsequent process links carry out different treatments on the wastewater according to different functional units, thereby removing different substances to be treated in the wastewater, treating the wastewater with high efficiency and stably discharging the process water.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of wastewater from an acid mine wastewater treatment process provided by way of example in the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an acid mine wastewater treatment system provided by way of example in the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a carrier frame for fixing a reactive filler in a permeable reactive wall in an acid mine wastewater treatment system provided by an example of the application.
Icon: 101-permeable reactive barrier; 1011-carrier rack; 201-a regulating reservoir; 202-an aeration tank; 203-a sedimentation tank; 204-sludge temporary storage tank.
Detailed Description
In the present application, all the embodiments, implementations, and features of the present application may be combined with each other without contradiction or conflict. In the present application, conventional equipment, devices, components, etc. are either commercially available or self-made in accordance with the present disclosure. In this application, some conventional operations and devices, apparatuses, components are omitted or only briefly described in order to highlight the importance of the present application.
In view of the problems of the prior art for treating acid mine wastewater by adding alkali to neutralize and precipitate, the inventors of the present application propose a new process (fig. 1 shows wastewater flowing direction in the treatment process) for treating acid mine wastewater. By implementing the novel process, one or more advantages and progress in the aspects of cost, efficiency, effluent stability, effluent standard-reaching rate, ecological environment protection and the like can be obtained when wastewater is expected to be treated.
The acid mine wastewater is special industrial wastewater generated in the mining process, and is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps: the pH is low and is acidic; fe. The Mn content is high and the product is yellow brown; the ore also contains special heavy metals such as Cd, Ni and the like according to the properties of the ore.
The traditional process generally adopts an alkali-adding neutralization precipitation method, and has the problems of serious equipment corrosion, large medicament dosage, large sludge generation amount, difficult operation and maintenance and the like, so that the system realized based on the method has high operation cost, can not operate normally and stably, and has low stable effluent standard reaching rate. The process of the application is designed aiming at the acid mine wastewater, and can achieve the advantages in at least the following aspects: on one hand, the gravity energy, the solar energy and the like are utilized as much as possible, the usage amount of equipment is reduced, and the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved; on the other hand, aiming at the characteristic pollutants of the wastewater, reaction fillers are researched and developed, and are regularly maintained, so that the later-stage operation cost is greatly reduced.
Overall, the process mainly comprises a plurality of process units which will be described in detail later, and each process unit has a relatively independent function (or can be selectively matched as required) so as to realize corresponding treatment operation on the wastewater. In the example, the process units mainly comprise a unit for adjusting the water quality and quantity of raw water, a unit for carrying out aeration treatment, a unit for carrying out sedimentation and a unit for carrying out osmotic reaction. Further, the process unit can also be provided with a unit which is matched with the unit for carrying out precipitation to carry out precipitate treatment according to the requirement.
The raw water is mainly acidic wastewater discharged from a mine. In other examples, the raw water may be simply treated from the acidic wastewater. And "preliminary simple treatment" may be, for example, dilution with water, removal of solid impurities (such as rocks, wood, metals, etc.), or other common treatments.
Generally, the above process unit can be implemented near a mine to perform a near treatment of wastewater. Alternatively, the process unit is selected to be implemented in an appropriate area, and the mine wastewater is transported and treated by transportation equipment (liquid transport vehicles and the like). It should be noted that, although the treatment process is described in the present application by taking the acid mine wastewater as an example, this is not intended to limit the application of the process to the acid mine wastewater. It should be understood that the process of the example may be applied to wastewater having the same or similar composition as the acid mine wastewater, or to other bodies of water treated to have a composition or characteristics similar to that of the acid mine wastewater.
In order to implement the process, the inventor provides an acid mine wastewater treatment system based on the process. Referring to fig. 2, the acid wastewater treatment system includes: a regulating tank 201, an aeration tank 202, a sedimentation tank 203, a permeable reactive wall 101 and a sludge temporary storage tank 204. The whole system is implemented to treat wastewater, therefore, the wastewater is conveyed among all the tanks through pipelines or ditches; accordingly, the connection between the various tanks can be made selectively by means of the aforementioned pipes or channels. The transfer of the waste water between the individual basins or treatment units can be effected by gravity flow, or alternatively by means of water pumps. Since the supply of electric power is required for the transportation of wastewater by a device such as a water pump, a gravity-fed system can be selected for use in consideration of energy consumption. However, gravity flow requires consideration of the spatial layout of each basin, and thus, corresponding structural and functional design of each basin may be required. For example, the regulating tank, the aeration tank, the sedimentation tank and the permeable reactive barrier are sequentially provided with water outlets arranged and distributed from high to low according to the gravity flow direction of the fluid from high to low under the action of gravity. Namely, the whole process flow can utilize the gravity of the wastewater to automatically flow into each process unit through the design control of the liquid level elevation of each process unit, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the operation cost.
Functionally, each treatment tank has at least the following functions and effects.
The regulating reservoir is used for receiving raw water containing acid mine wastewater to be treated. The raw water is regulated in the regulating tank for water quality and quantity, and is conveyed to a subsequent tank after meeting the required requirements. The regulating pond is used as a structure for regulating the water inlet and outlet flow, can ensure that a pipe duct and the like can normally work and is not influenced by the peak flow, the valley flow or the concentration change of waste water. As a structure for adjusting the water quality, the adjusting tank can also adjust the water quality of the sewage, such as adjusting the pH value and the water temperature of the sewage, so as to meet the working requirements of subsequent process units.
The effluent of the conditioning tank (mainly the overflow) is fed into the aeration tank where it reacts with dissolved oxygen to form metal oxides. Wherein, an aeration pipe or a stirring device is arranged in the aeration tank for forming dissolved oxygen with certain concentration in the wastewater in the aeration pipe. While some of the impurities in the wastewater (primarily metallic species, e.g., metal ions) can be removed from the water by reacting with dissolved oxygen in the water to form solid matter (e.g., metal oxides).
The aeration pipe directly dispersedly conveys oxygen or air to the water body, and in the process of contacting the oxygen and the water, the oxygen is dissolved in the water body through mass transfer to form dissolved oxygen. Therefore, the aeration pipe is also correspondingly provided with an air pump for supplying air. The aeration pipe is a hollow pipeline, and the pipe wall is provided with a plurality of air holes for dispersedly distributing the conveyed gas in the water body.
The stirring device can rapidly and violently stir the water in the aeration tank to ensure that the air is in contact with the water, thereby fully and rapidly dissolving the oxygen in the water. The stirring device can be realized by connecting a motor with an impeller. The impeller provides rotary power through the motor to stir the water body. For the mode of increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water body through the stirring device, the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the water body can be adjusted by selectively adjusting the stirring speed or the intensity. Generally, the rotational speed of the motor is changed by adjusting the power of the motor or the like. In other examples, the motor may be equipped with a gearbox to control its output speed. Accordingly, the motor is connected to the gearbox, which in turn is connected to the impeller. That is, the output shaft of the motor is connected with the input end of the gear box (can be connected through the transmission shaft), and the output end of the gear box is connected with the impeller. The dissolved oxygen content in the water meets the requirements of metal ions in the partially oxidized wastewater through the impeller with adjustable rotating speed, and the dissolved oxygen level in the pool is maintained.
Further, in order to reduce the demand and consumption of electric power to the outside, the stirring apparatus may be further provided with a power supplier. The power supply device generates power through wind energy or solar energy, so that power is supplied to the electric equipment. In an alternative example, the power supply comprises a solar panel and a bracket connected by a connecting means. Further, the solar panel may also be rotated by a steering gear provided at the connecting device (the rotation of the solar panel may be performed by using a commercially available device known to the inventor). Therefore, the solar power generation panel can rotate according to the local illumination condition and the sunlight so as to receive more sunlight for power generation.
And (4) conveying the effluent of the aeration tank into a sedimentation tank. The wastewater in the sedimentation tank stands still, the metal oxide in the aeration tank is settled to the bottom of the sedimentation tank through the sedimentation effect, and the water on the upper layer can be conveyed downstream for corresponding treatment. After the sedimentation tank is used for a long time, solid matters such as metal oxides and the like accumulated at the bottom of the sedimentation tank occupy the effective volume of the sedimentation tank and prevent the normal use of the sedimentation tank. Therefore, the "sludge" settled at the bottom of the sedimentation tank is discharged at an appropriate timing as needed to reserve a settling space for the sewage in the aeration tank.
Corresponding to the sedimentation tank, the acid wastewater treatment system includes a sludge temporary storage tank in an example. Which is used for receiving the sludge discharged from the sedimentation tank. Similarly to the sedimentation tank, the sludge discharged from the sedimentation tank (which can be realized by a sludge discharge pump) is kept still in the temporary sludge storage tank and is correspondingly settled, so that the layering, namely the bottom sludge at the bottom and the supernatant at the upper layer, is realized. The bottom sludge can be discharged for reduction, drying and other treatments, and the supernatant can be discharged or returned to the regulating reservoir for regulating the raw water. Correspondingly, the sludge temporary storage tank can be connected with the adjusting tank and can also be optionally connected with the sedimentation tank.
The permeable reactive barrier is used for receiving and treating effluent of the sedimentation tank. The permeable reactive barrier can filter the wastewater by osmosis to separate impurities (water soluble, such as ions, etc.; or water insoluble, such as macromolecular biological metabolites, etc.) from the water. The permeable reactive barrier may also react to remove selected substances from the wastewater.
Considering that the components and substances in the wastewater are complicated, the aforementioned substances may not be easily removed by the permeable reactive wall having a single function. Accordingly, it is considered to provide a plurality of permeable reactive walls or to make an optimum improvement in the function of the permeable reactive walls. For example, there are a plurality of functional units capable of performing both permeating and reacting functions in the permeable reactive wall, and the functional units are adaptively combined. In the application example, the number and the functions of the permeable reactive walls are selected to be improved in a synergistic optimization mode. For example, the permeable reactive barrier comprises a first permeable reactive barrier and a second permeable reactive barrier, wherein the inlet of the first permeable reactive barrier is connected with the sedimentation tank, and the outlet of the first permeable reactive barrier is connected with the inlet of the second permeable reactive barrier. Referring to fig. 3, each permeable reactive barrier 101 is further filled with reactive filler. The reactive filler can react with specific components in the water body through the active substances. Thus, permeable reactive walls generally comprise a wall and a reactive filler secured therein, wherein the reactive filler may be secured within the wall by a metal frame and a carrier frame 1011. The reaction packing is realized in a replaceable manner on the basis of optimization considerations. For example, the metal frame and carrier frame as a whole are replaced.
The reaction filler can be determined through experimental research and development according to the types and characteristics of heavy metals in the wastewater, and the quantity/type of the reaction filler can be one or a selection ratio of several. For example, three reactive fillers are provided in the examples. The elements of the first reaction filler comprise Mn (manganese), Si (silicon), Fe (iron), S (sulfur), Mg (magnesium) and O (oxygen), and the reaction mechanism is redox, electrostatic adsorption and complex reaction; elements of the second reaction filler comprise Mn (manganese), Fe (iron), Al (aluminum), O (oxygen) and H (hydrogen), and the reaction mechanism is catalytic oxidation, interception filtration and neutralization; the elements of the third reaction filler comprise Si (silicon), Fe (iron), Al (aluminum) and O (oxygen), and the reaction mechanism is potential adsorption, catalytic oxidation and interception filtration.
In addition, in order to distribute the waste water, the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the first permeable reactive barrier and the second permeable reactive barrier are respectively provided with a water distribution groove, so that the water distribution grooves are uniformly distributed on the permeable reactive barriers, and the permeation and the reaction can be more efficiently carried out. In consideration of the simplification and the convenient construction of the system, the water outlet end of the first-stage permeable reactive barrier and the water inlet end of the second-stage permeable reactive barrier share the water distribution tank. The water distribution tank can be realized in various ways, and by way of example, the water distribution tank can be selected to be a perforated tracery wall structure or a pipe-through tracery wall structure, wherein the perforation is a square hole with the diameter of 50mm multiplied by 50mm, and the pipe diameter of the pipe-through is 50 mm.
Based on the foregoing system, an acid mine wastewater treatment process can be explained by the following description.
(1) And leading the acid mine wastewater to be treated to an adjusting tank through a pipe channel to adjust the water quality and the water quantity of the raw water.
(2) The effluent of the regulating reservoir is lifted into an aeration tank through gravity flow or a pump, metal ions such as iron, manganese and the like in the wastewater are fully oxidized, the aeration tank is generally divided into 2 grids, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the tank is generally controlled to be more than 3mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time is 4 hours.
(3) The effluent of the aeration tank automatically flows into the sedimentation tank, the generated metal oxide is removed through sedimentation treatment, the water quality requirement of the water inflow of the first-level permeable reactive barrier is ensured, the effluent is generally divided into 2 grids, and the surface load is 5-9 m3/(m2·h)。
(4) The effluent of the sedimentation tank automatically flows into a first-level permeable reaction wall, a process reaction filler is filled in the first-level permeable reaction wall, and the wastewater is contacted with the reaction filler to perform the actions of neutralization, adsorption and the like, so that certain metal ions in the wastewater are removed, the wastewater is generally divided into 2 grids, and the reaction time is controlled to be at least 3 hours.
(5) Effluent of the first-stage permeable reactive barrier automatically flows into the second-stage permeable reactive barrier, process reactive filler is filled in the second-stage permeable reactive barrier, and after the wastewater contacts the reactive filler, the wastewater is oxidized and filtered, so that metal ions in the wastewater are further removed, the wastewater is generally divided into 2 grids, and the reaction time is controlled for at least 4 hours.
(6) And the effluent of the second-stage permeable reactive barrier is discharged into a receiving water body through a pipe duct.
(7) The temporary sludge storage tank is mainly used for storing bottom sludge periodically discharged by the sedimentation tank, supernatant liquid flows back to the regulating tank, and sludge is periodically transported and disposed.
Example 1
The main overproof factors of the water gushing from the mine hole of a closed abandoned mine in Hunan province are iron, manganese, pH and chromaticity.
Aiming at the water burst of the mine cavern, the process flow shown in figure 1 is adopted for wastewater treatment.
The design process scale was 150m3Design inlet water pH of 3.0, total iron concentration of 400mg/L, manganese concentration of 4.5 mg/L.
The total iron of the effluent water meets the discharge Standard of pollutants for the coal industry (GB20426-2006), namely 7 mg/L;
the pH value of the effluent and manganese are subjected to the Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), namely the pH value is 6-9 and the concentration of manganese is 2 mg/L.
The main process unit size is as follows:
the adjusting tank is 5.0m multiplied by 4.7m multiplied by 2.5 m;
8.2m multiplied by 3.0m multiplied by 2.5m of an aeration tank;
8.2m multiplied by 3.0m multiplied by 2.5m of sedimentation tank;
the first-level permeable reactive barrier is 8.2m multiplied by 4.0m multiplied by 2.5 m;
the secondary permeable reactive barrier is 8.2m multiplied by 4.0m multiplied by 2.5 m;
the sludge temporary storage tank is 5.0m multiplied by 3.3m multiplied by 2.5 m.
The main equipment is as follows: the oxygenation capacity of the solar aerator is 3-8m3H, 2 stations; submersible pump Q10 m3H15 m, N1.5 kW, 2 stages.
The process reaction filler mainly comprises a filler 1, a filler 2 and a filler 3, and the ratio of the fillers is 2:5: 3.
The investment of the project is about 196.4 ten thousand yuan, the project is put into operation in 2018 and 7 months, the operation is stable and reliable, the water quality of the effluent reaches the standard and is discharged, and the operation cost is about 1.02 yuan per ton of water.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An acid mine wastewater treatment system, comprising:
the adjusting tank is used for receiving raw water containing the acid mine wastewater to be treated and adjusting the water quality and the water quantity of the raw water;
the aeration tank is communicated with the regulating tank and is used for receiving the effluent of the regulating tank and generating metal oxide through a dissolved oxygen reaction;
the sedimentation tank is communicated with the aeration tank and is used for receiving the effluent of the aeration tank;
the permeable reactive barrier is communicated with the sedimentation tank and is used for receiving and treating the effluent of the sedimentation tank;
and the sludge temporary storage tank is communicated with the regulating tank and the sedimentation tank and is used for receiving sludge discharged from the sedimentation tank, discharging bottom sludge after the sludge is settled and returning supernatant to the regulating tank.
2. The acid mine wastewater treatment system of claim 1, wherein the permeable reactive wall comprises: the device comprises a first-stage permeable reactive barrier and a second-stage permeable reactive barrier, wherein the inlet of the first-stage permeable reactive barrier is connected with a sedimentation tank, and the outlet of the first-stage permeable reactive barrier is connected with the inlet of the second-stage permeable reactive barrier.
3. The acid mine wastewater treatment system of claim 2, wherein the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the first permeable reactive barrier and the second permeable reactive barrier are provided with water distribution tanks.
4. The acid mine wastewater treatment system of claim 3, wherein the water outlet end of the primary permeable reactive barrier and the water inlet end of the secondary permeable reactive barrier share a water distribution tank.
5. An acid mine wastewater treatment system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the water distribution tank is a perforated wall structure or a pipe-through wall structure, wherein the perforations are square holes of 50mm x 50mm, and the pipe diameter of the pipe-through is 50 mm.
6. The acid mine wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the regulating tank, the aeration tank, the sedimentation tank and the permeable reactive barrier are sequentially provided with water outlets distributed from high to low in height according to the flowing direction of the fluid under the action of gravity.
7. The acid mine wastewater treatment system of claim 1, wherein a stirring device is provided in the aeration tank to stir the water stored in the aeration tank.
8. The acid mine wastewater treatment system of claim 7, wherein the agitation device comprises: the power supply, the motor, the gearbox and the impeller;
the motor is powered by a power supply, an output shaft of the motor is connected with an input end of the gearbox, and an output end of the gearbox is connected with the impeller.
9. The acid mine wastewater treatment system of claim 8, wherein the power supply comprises a solar panel and a bracket connected by a connecting device.
10. The acid mine wastewater treatment system of claim 1, wherein the permeable reactive wall has a replaceable reactive packing disposed therein.
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