CN212380457U - Battery system and vehicle - Google Patents
Battery system and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN212380457U CN212380457U CN202021121718.3U CN202021121718U CN212380457U CN 212380457 U CN212380457 U CN 212380457U CN 202021121718 U CN202021121718 U CN 202021121718U CN 212380457 U CN212380457 U CN 212380457U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a battery system and vehicle, battery system includes: the battery pack comprises N battery modules; the battery management system comprises a high-voltage monitoring unit, a battery management unit and N battery core monitoring circuits; the N battery cell monitoring circuits are connected with the N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and are sequentially connected in series for communication to form a cascaded daisy chain, wherein two adjacent battery cell monitoring circuits are in bidirectional communication; the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain, the battery cell monitoring circuit at the tail end of the daisy chain and the high-voltage monitoring unit; the battery management unit is used for controlling the high-voltage monitoring unit and the N battery core monitoring circuits to synchronously acquire data and monitoring the battery pack according to the acquired data. The battery system can realize synchronous sampling and can enhance the robustness of bus structure communication.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the vehicle technique and specifically relates to a battery system and a vehicle are related to.
Background
The physical quantity of the Battery is monitored by a Battery Management System (BMS) on the electric vehicle to ensure the safe operation of the Battery. The battery physical quantity detection includes: cell voltage, cell temperature, total battery voltage, and current. The voltage and temperature of the Cell are usually detected by a Cell monitoring Circuit (CSC).
According to different network grouping modes of the battery cell monitoring circuit, the battery cell monitoring circuit can be divided into a daisy chain structure and a distributed structure.
For a distributed structure, the monitoring of the cell is completed by N CSCs, the N CSCs implement data communication with a Battery Management Unit (BMU) through an internal subnet CAN, each cell monitoring circuit needs to be equipped with a microcontroller to form a slave control module to monitor the cell voltage and temperature, and send the detected digital quantity to a master control Unit through a Battery Management system distributed internal communication network, and the CSCs are cluster control units. The physical quantities such as total voltage and current of the High-voltage battery are completed by a High Voltage Supervisory Unit (HVSU), and the HVSU and the battery management unit realize data communication through an internal sub-network CAN. The HVSU is provided with a microcontroller to form a slave control module to monitor the total voltage and current of the battery, and transmits the detected digital quantity to the master control unit through a distributed internal communication network of the battery management system, wherein the HVSU is a cluster control unit. The master control is the battery management unit while the algorithm is partly under the responsibility of the master control and the power supply of each CSC is derived from the BMU, i.e. the power line of each CSC needs to be connected in parallel to the power line of the BMU. However, since all CAN nodes in such topologies are connected in parallel to a bus, if a node of the bus is disconnected, local communication is also disconnected. Moreover, the power supply of the subsystems in the distributed structure is sourced from the BMU, and the power supply structures of the subsystems are connected to the power bus in parallel, so that a plurality of wire harnesses can be added, and even if a power supply of one subsystem is short-circuited, the power supply of the whole system is short-circuited to cause system running.
For the daisy chain structure, the monitoring of the Battery cell is completed by the N CSCs for voltage and temperature monitoring, the N CSCs realize data Communication with the Battery management unit through the internal subnet CAN, a microcontroller is required to be equipped between each Battery cell monitoring circuit and the BMU, and the detected digital quantity is sent to the main control unit through the internal Communication network of the Battery management system, and the microcontroller part is called as a Battery Communication Converter (BCC) for controlling the monitoring of the voltage and temperature of the Battery cell. The physical quantities of the total voltage, the current and the like of the battery are monitored by a master controller, the master controller is the BMU, and meanwhile, the algorithm part is responsible for the master controller. And, its power supply to each CSC is sourced by the battery module, and need not be provided by the BMU. Since the CSC is not powered from the BMU, mains supply line wiring is not required.
In the two schemes, synchronous sampling needs to be realized for the master control and the cluster control, sampling of HVSU is controlled by the BMU, sampling of CSC is controlled by the slave control, and in order to realize synchronous sampling of current and monomer voltage, synchronization needs to be carried out on the HVSU controlled by the BMU and the CSC controlled by the slave control, but certain difficulty is brought to synchronous sampling.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses aim at solving one of the technical problem that exists among the prior art at least. For this reason, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery system, which can realize synchronous sampling and can enhance the robustness of bus structure communication.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a battery system.
The third objective of the present invention is to provide a vehicle.
In order to solve the above problem, a battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the battery pack comprises N battery modules; the battery management system comprises a high-voltage monitoring unit, a battery management unit and N battery core monitoring circuits; the N battery cell monitoring circuits are connected with the N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and are sequentially connected in series for communication to form a cascaded daisy chain, wherein two adjacent battery cell monitoring circuits are in bidirectional communication; the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain, the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the tail end of the daisy chain, and the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication with the high-voltage monitoring unit; the high-voltage monitoring unit is in two-way communication with a head-end battery module, and the head-end battery module is a battery module corresponding to the electric core monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain in the N battery modules; the battery management unit is used for controlling the high-voltage monitoring unit and the N battery core monitoring circuits to synchronously acquire data based on the sampling time of the battery core monitoring circuits and the sampling time of the high-voltage monitoring units, and monitoring the battery pack according to the acquired data.
According to the battery system of the embodiment of the present invention, the battery management system monitors the status of the battery pack, wherein the battery management system connects with N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner to monitor and collect the voltage and temperature of the battery cell, and the N battery cell monitoring circuits are serially connected in series to communicate with each other in a daisy chain manner to perform data communication, thereby reducing the number of power supply lines and cost, and the embodiment of the present invention is based on the communication connection of the battery management unit with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain and the battery cell monitoring circuit at the tail end of the daisy chain, so that the daisy chain communication loop structure is formed between the battery management unit and the N battery cell monitoring circuits, and the two-way communication is adopted between the two adjacent battery cell monitoring circuits, and between the battery management unit and the high voltage monitoring unit and the battery cell monitoring circuits, make the signal can two-way conveying simultaneously, especially when the daisy chain bus appears the broken string, also can be at breakpoint back level toward battery management unit send data to strengthen the robustness of bus structure communication, and, the embodiment of the utility model provides a sampling time based on electric core monitoring circuit and high-pressure monitor unit carries out data synchronization collection, realizes highly synchronous sampling through a battery management unit control N electric core monitoring circuit and high-pressure monitor unit.
In some embodiments, each of the cell monitoring circuits includes a battery monitoring chip; the high-voltage monitoring unit comprises an application specific integrated circuit; the battery management unit is in communication connection with the battery monitoring chip and the special integrated circuit of the battery core monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain respectively, and the battery management unit is used for controlling the battery monitoring chip and the special integrated circuit to perform synchronous data acquisition.
In some embodiments, the battery management unit comprises: a microcontroller; the first bridge interface is in communication connection with the microcontroller and the battery monitoring chip at the head end of the daisy chain; and the second bridge interface is in communication connection with the microcontroller and the application specific integrated circuit respectively.
In some embodiments, the battery management system further comprises a power distribution box, the battery pack having two electrode terminals for drawing current, the power distribution box being connected with the two electrode terminals of the battery pack; the high-voltage monitoring unit collects the whole electric signal of the battery pack through the distribution box.
An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides a battery system, including: the battery pack comprises N battery modules; the battery management system comprises a high-voltage monitoring unit, a battery management unit and N battery core monitoring circuits; the N battery cell monitoring circuits are connected with the N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and are sequentially connected in series for communication to form a cascaded daisy chain, wherein two adjacent battery cell monitoring circuits are in bidirectional communication; the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication connection with the high-voltage monitoring unit, the high-voltage monitoring unit is in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain, and the battery management unit is also in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the tail end of the daisy chain; the high-voltage monitoring unit is also in bidirectional communication with a head-end battery module, wherein the head-end battery module is a battery module corresponding to the electric core monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain in the N battery modules; the battery management unit is used for controlling the high-voltage monitoring unit and the N battery core monitoring circuits to synchronously acquire data based on the sampling time of the battery core monitoring circuits and the sampling time of the high-voltage monitoring units, and monitoring the battery pack according to the acquired data.
According to the battery system of the embodiment of the present invention, the battery management system monitors the state of the battery pack, wherein the battery pack is connected with the N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner through the N battery cell monitoring circuits to monitor and collect the voltage and temperature of the battery cells, and the N battery cell monitoring circuits are sequentially connected in series for communication in a daisy chain manner, so as to reduce the number of power supply lines and the cost, and the embodiment of the present invention is based on the communication connection between the battery management unit and the high voltage monitoring unit, the battery cell monitoring circuit at the end of the daisy chain, and the communication connection between the high voltage monitoring unit and the battery cell monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain, so that a daisy chain communication loop structure is formed among the battery management unit, the high voltage monitoring unit and the N battery cell monitoring circuits, and between the two adjacent battery cell monitoring circuits, and between battery management unit and high voltage monitoring unit, the last terminal electric core monitoring circuit of daisy chain, and between the electric core monitoring circuit of head end on high voltage monitoring unit and the daisy chain, all adopt two way communication's mode for the data of gathering can two way transfer simultaneously, especially when the daisy chain bus appears the broken string, also can send data toward battery management unit at the breakpoint back level, thereby strengthen the robustness of bus structure communication, and, the embodiment of the utility model provides a based on the sampling time of electric core monitoring circuit and high voltage monitoring unit, carry out data synchronous acquisition through a plurality of electric core monitoring circuit of battery management unit control and high voltage monitoring unit, realize synchronous sampling.
In some embodiments, each of the cell monitoring circuits includes a battery monitoring chip; the high-voltage monitoring unit comprises an application specific integrated circuit; the battery management unit is in communication connection with the special integrated circuit, the special integrated circuit is in communication connection with the battery monitoring chip of the battery core monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain, and the battery management unit is used for controlling the battery monitoring chip and the special integrated circuit to perform synchronous data acquisition.
In some embodiments, the battery management unit comprises: a microcontroller; and the third bridging interface is in communication connection with the microcontroller and the application specific integrated circuit respectively.
In some embodiments, the battery management system further comprises a power distribution box, the battery pack having two electrode terminals for drawing current, the power distribution box being connected with the two electrode terminals of the battery pack; the high-voltage monitoring unit collects the whole electric signal of the battery pack through the distribution box.
An embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle, including high voltage switch and the above-mentioned embodiment the battery system, the battery system with the high voltage switch is connected.
According to the utility model discloses the vehicle, through adopting the battery system that above-mentioned embodiment provided to monitor the battery package, can realize the synchronous acquisition to battery state data, and can strengthen the robustness of bus structure communication.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a topology diagram of a battery system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a detailed topology of a battery system connected to a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery system for synchronous sampling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a topology diagram of a battery system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a vehicle 100; a battery system 10; a battery management system 20;
a battery pack 1; a battery cell monitoring circuit 2; a high voltage monitoring unit 3; a battery management unit 4; a distribution box 5; a high-voltage switch 6;
a battery module 11; a microcontroller 40; a first bridge interface 41; a second bridge interface 42 and a third bridge interface 43.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the embodiments described with reference to the drawings are exemplary.
In the related art, software of a plurality of microprocessors needs to be developed no matter in a distributed structure or a daisy chain structure, and microcontrollers with different resources are respectively used for the BMU, the CSC and the BCC, so that the development and maintenance costs of the software are increased. And because different battery physical quantities are distributed on the master control and the slave control for monitoring, two BMUs are required to cooperate with the CSC/BMU, so that the synchronous sampling of the battery core physical quantity and the whole package of high-voltage physical quantity can be realized, and the cost is high.
In order to solve the above problem, a battery system provided according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is described below with reference to the drawings, and the battery system can implement synchronous sampling and can enhance robustness of bus structure communication.
As shown in fig. 1, a battery system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery pack 1 and a battery management system 20 (not shown in the figure).
Specifically, the battery pack 1 includes N battery modules 11, and the battery modules 11 may be connected in series or in parallel; the battery management system 20 includes a high voltage monitoring unit (HVSU)3, a Battery Management Unit (BMU)4, and N cell monitoring circuits (CSC)2, wherein, as shown in fig. 1, the N cell monitoring circuits 2 are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery modules 11, the N cell monitoring circuits 2 are sequentially connected in series communication to form a daisy chain in cascade, wherein, two-way communication is performed between the adjacent two cell monitoring circuits 2, and, as shown in fig. 2, the battery management unit 4 performs two-way communication with the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end on the daisy chain, and the battery management unit 4 performs two-way communication with the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the tail end on the daisy chain, and the high voltage monitoring unit 3 performs two-way communication with the cell monitoring circuit 11 at the head end, the cell monitoring circuit 11 at the head end refers to the battery module 11 corresponding to the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end on the daisy chain among the N battery modules 11, and the battery management unit 4 is used for controlling the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 and the N battery core monitoring circuits 2 to synchronously acquire data based on the sampling time of the battery core monitoring circuits 2 and the high-voltage monitoring unit 3, and monitoring the battery pack 1 according to the acquired data.
For an electric vehicle, the battery management system 20 monitors the physical quantity of the battery pack 1 to ensure the safe operation of the battery, and the battery physical quantity at least comprises: cell voltage, cell temperature, total battery voltage, and current. As shown in fig. 2, the battery management unit 4 and the cascaded grouped battery cell monitoring circuits 2 mainly complete the collection of the battery module state information, monitor the battery module state information in real time and balance control and fault diagnosis between the battery cells, and perform data communication in a daisy chain manner, so that the power supply of each battery cell monitoring circuit 2 does not come from the battery management unit 4, thereby reducing the arrangement of power line routing, and, as shown in fig. 3, the high voltage monitoring unit 3 detects the total voltage at the front end of the battery pack, the total voltage at the rear end of the battery pack, i.e., PackV, LinkV, and the high voltage monitoring unit 3 monitors the current PackI. The cell monitoring circuit 2 monitors the voltage and temperature of the cell, i.e., CellV and CellT. The battery management unit 4 is used for controlling the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 and the battery core monitoring circuit 2 to measure, the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 and the battery core monitoring circuit 2 belong to a high-voltage part, and the battery management unit 4 belongs to a low-voltage part, so that high-voltage and low-voltage isolation is realized, the use number of high-voltage isolation devices is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
In the embodiment, in order to enhance the reliability of daisy chain communication, as shown in fig. 2, in the battery system 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the battery management unit 4 is communicatively connected to the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain and the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the end of the daisy chain respectively, so that a daisy chain communication loop structure is formed between the battery management unit 4 and the N cell monitoring circuits 2, that is, the battery system according to the embodiment of the present invention uses a loop structure based on the daisy chain communication and passes through between two adjacent cell monitoring circuits 2, and between the battery management unit 4 and the high voltage monitoring unit 3 and the cell monitoring circuits 2, both two-way communication is adopted, so that signals can be transmitted in two ways at the same time, and when performing data communication, the battery management unit 4 can directly transmit instructions or receive collected data from the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain, the instructions can also be directly sent or the acquired data can be received from the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the end of the daisy chain, and then the signals are sequentially transmitted to perform communication interaction with the subsequent cell monitoring circuit 2, and particularly, when the daisy chain bus is broken, the data can be sent to the battery management unit 4 at the later stage of the break point. For example, the last cell monitoring circuit 2 in fig. 2 is connected to the battery management unit 4, forming a daisy chain loop. When a bus between the second cell monitoring circuit 2 or CSC2 and the third cell monitoring circuit 2 or CSC3 breaks, the battery management unit 4, through the daisy chain communication loop back configuration, may communicate with the cell monitoring circuits 2 from the head end of the daisy chain i.e. the CSC1, and feeds back the data collected by the CSC1 and the CSC2 to the battery management unit 4 in a bidirectional communication mode, and, the battery management unit 4 may also communicate with the subsequent cell monitoring circuits 2 sequentially from the end of the daisy chain, i.e. the CSCN, and feeds back the data collected by the cell monitoring circuit 2 between the CSC3 and the CSCN to the battery management unit 4 in a bidirectional communication manner, so that the CSC3 can realize the communication interaction between the N cell monitoring circuits 2 and the battery management unit 4 without the need of a disconnection point, therefore, the problem that communication cannot be continued after a certain node is disconnected is avoided, and the robustness of bus structure communication is enhanced.
In the embodiment, the battery management unit 4 is configured to control the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 and the cell monitoring circuit 2 to sample, formulate a balancing strategy according to the voltage states of the individual cells, and send a balancing instruction; the battery management unit 4 is used for estimating the real-time charge and discharge power of the battery and managing the charge and discharge of the battery; the battery management unit 4 is used for controlling contactors of a power circuit of the whole vehicle, and comprises main contactors, negative contactors, pre-charging contactors and the like; and a battery management unit 4 for monitoring the high voltage power loop connection; and the battery management unit 4 is used for monitoring various external signals such as a collision signal, a slow charge signal, a CC2 and the like, and making corresponding judgment and instructions.
In the embodiment, in the battery system 10 of the embodiment of the present invention, the battery management unit 4 controls the N cell monitoring circuits 2 and the high voltage monitoring units 3 to synchronously collect data based on the sampling time of the cell monitoring circuits 2 and the high voltage monitoring units 3, and monitors the battery pack 1 according to the collected data, the control function of the cell monitoring circuit 2 and the control of the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 are all performed by the battery management unit 4, the battery management unit 4 sends sampling instructions to the cell monitoring circuit 2 and the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 at the same time, so that the detection of each physical quantity of the battery pack 1 by the battery management unit 4 is controlled by the same clock, therefore, highly synchronous sampling can be realized, controllers do not need to be arranged on the battery core monitoring circuit 2 and the high-voltage monitoring unit independently, and the problems of communication delay and response delay caused by the fact that the controllers are not coordinated and consistent do not exist.
The synchronous sampling refers to that the whole process from sampling of a starting chip ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) to completion of ADC conversion needs to be synchronized. The embodiment of the utility model provides a 4 battery management units through in the battery management system 20 successively send and start the conversion command to can guarantee that the ADC sampling process keeps unanimous in the at utmost.
According to the utility model discloses battery system 10 carries out state monitoring by battery management system 20 to battery package 1, wherein, is connected through N electric core monitoring circuit 2 and N battery module 11 one-to-one, with control and collection electric core monomer voltage and temperature, and N electric core monitoring circuit 2 series communication connection carries out data communication with the mode of daisy chain in proper order, can reduce the setting of power supply line, reduce cost, and, the embodiment of the utility model provides a based on battery management unit 4 and electric core monitoring circuit 2 of the head end on the daisy chain, terminal electric core monitoring circuit 2 is equal communication connection on the daisy chain for constitute daisy chain communication loop structure between battery management unit 4 and N electric core monitoring circuit 2, and between two adjacent electric core monitoring circuit 2, and battery management unit 4 and high voltage monitoring unit 3, Between electric core monitoring circuit 2, all adopt two-way communication's mode for the signal can be two-way transmission simultaneously, especially when the daisy chain bus appears the broken string, also can be at breakpoint back level toward battery management unit 4 sending data, thereby strengthen the robustness of bus structure communication, and, the embodiment of the utility model provides a based on electric core monitoring circuit 2 and high voltage monitoring unit 3's sampling time, carry out data synchronization collection through a battery management unit 4 control N electric core monitoring circuit 2 and high voltage monitoring unit 3 to monitor battery package 1 according to the data collection, can realize synchronous sampling.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, each cell monitoring circuit 2 includes a battery monitoring chip (AFE); the high voltage monitoring unit 3 includes an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC); the battery management unit 4 is in communication connection with a battery monitoring chip AFE and an application specific integrated circuit ASIC of the electric core monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain respectively, and the battery management unit 4 is used for controlling the battery monitoring chip AFE and the application specific integrated circuit ASIC to perform synchronous data acquisition. Namely, the AFE detects the voltage and temperature of the single cell in the cell monitoring circuit 2, and the ASIC detects the high voltage and current in the high voltage monitoring unit 3.
In an embodiment, the battery monitoring chip AFE includes MAXIN, ADI, TI, NXP, etc., and the application specific integrated circuit ASIC includes LTC, NXP, ADI, TI, etc.
In some embodiments, based on the current Microcontroller resource, the resources are more and more abundant, so that a single Microcontroller can fully realize all functions of master control and slave control, as shown in fig. 4, the battery management Unit 4 includes a Microcontroller ((MCU Unit) 40, a first bridge interface 41, and a second bridge interface 42, where the first bridge interface 41 is in communication connection with the Microcontroller 40 and the battery monitoring chip AFE of the first-end cell monitoring circuit 2 on the daisy chain, and the second bridge interface 42 is in communication connection with the Microcontroller 40 and the ASIC respectively, that is, in the battery system 10 of the embodiment of the present invention, the battery management Unit 4 controls the N cell monitoring circuits 2 and the high voltage monitoring units 3 to synchronously collect data based on the sampling time of the cell monitoring circuits 2 and the high voltage monitoring units 3, and monitors the battery pack 1 according to the collected data, specifically, the MCU40 controls the battery monitoring chip AFE to detect the cell voltage and temperature through the first bridge interface 41, and the MCU40 controls the ASIC to detect the total voltage of the battery pack, the total voltage of the body end, and the current through the second bridge interface 42. That is, the MCU40 realizes cell voltage monitoring through daisy chain communication control AFE, and realizes whole package high voltage and current monitoring through daisy chain communication control ASIC. Therefore, the control function of the battery core monitoring circuit 2 is distributed to the microcontroller 40 of the battery management unit 4, and the control of the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 is controlled by the battery management unit 4, so that a slave control unit, namely the arrangement of the microcontroller in the battery core monitoring circuit 2, is omitted, the battery system 10 is uniformly controlled by only one microcontroller 40, the monitoring function of the battery pack 1 is realized, the detection of each physical quantity of the battery pack 1 is also uniformly controlled by the clock of the microcontroller 40, high-degree synchronous sampling is facilitated, the problems of communication delay and response delay caused by the cooperation of the microcontrollers are avoided, meanwhile, the battery management system 20 is only provided with one microcontroller, the difficulty and the maintenance cost of software development are reduced, and the EE wiring harness and the layout in the battery pack 1 are relatively simplified, and the cost is reduced.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the battery management system 20 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a Power Distribution Unit (PDU) 5, the battery pack 1 has two electrode terminals for drawing current, and the PDU 5 is connected to the two electrode terminals of the battery pack 1; the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 collects the whole electric signal of the battery pack 1 through the distribution box 5. The two electrode terminals of the battery pack 1 are respectively the electrode terminal led out from the head-end battery module 11 and the electrode terminal led out from the tail-end battery module 11 in the N battery modules, so that high voltage can be output to the PDU, and the HVSU3 monitors the whole pack layer.
In an embodiment, in the battery system 10 provided in the first aspect of the present invention, since the chips used by the battery management unit 4 and the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 are different, the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain cannot indirectly implement communication interaction with the battery management unit 4 through the high-voltage monitoring unit 3, based on this, the second aspect of the present invention provides a battery system, as shown in fig. 5, the battery system 10 includes a battery pack 1 and a battery management system 20, and the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 and the battery management unit 4 in the battery system 10 use the same chip.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, N cell monitoring circuits 2 are connected to N battery modules 11 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the N cell monitoring circuits 2 are sequentially connected in series for communication to form a daisy chain in cascade, where the cell monitoring circuits 2 and the cell monitoring circuits 2 are in bidirectional communication; the battery management unit 4 is in communication connection with the high-voltage monitoring unit 3, the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 is in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain, and the battery management unit 4 is also in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit 2 at the tail end of the daisy chain; the battery management unit 4 is used for controlling the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 and the N battery core monitoring circuits 2 to synchronously acquire data based on the sampling time of the battery core monitoring circuit 2 and the high-voltage monitoring unit 3, and monitoring the battery pack 1 according to the acquired data.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, there are N battery modules 11 in the battery pack, the battery management system 20 includes a high voltage monitoring unit 3, a battery management unit 4 and N cell monitoring circuits 2, wherein the N cell monitoring circuits 2 are connected to the N battery modules 11 in a one-to-one correspondence, the N cell monitoring circuits 2 monitor the cell level, and the N cell monitoring circuits 2 are sequentially connected in series to form a daisy chain, and the battery management unit 4 is connected in communication with the high voltage monitoring unit 3 and the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the end of the daisy chain, the high voltage monitoring unit 3 is connected in communication with the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain, that is, the battery management unit 4 and the cell monitoring circuits 2 adopt a daisy chain communication mode, so that the power supply of each cell monitoring circuit 2 does not come from the battery management unit 4, thereby reducing the arrangement of power lines, the cost is reduced.
In the embodiment, in order to enhance the reliability of daisy chain communication, as shown in fig. 5, in the battery management system 20 of the embodiment of the present invention, the battery management unit 4 is communicatively connected to the high voltage monitoring unit 3, the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the end of the daisy chain, and the high voltage monitoring unit 3 is communicatively connected to the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain, so that the daisy chain communication loop structure is formed among the battery management unit 4, the N cell monitoring circuits 2, and the high voltage monitoring unit 3, that is, the battery system of the embodiment of the present invention uses the loop structure based on the daisy chain communication and passes through between two adjacent cell monitoring circuits 2, between the battery management unit 4 and the high voltage monitoring unit 3, between the cell monitoring circuits 2 at the end of the daisy chain, and between the high voltage monitoring unit 3 and the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain, the two-way communication mode is adopted, so that signals can be transmitted in two ways at the same time, when data communication is carried out, the battery management unit 4 can indirectly send instructions or receive collected data from the battery cell monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain, or directly send instructions or receive collected data from the battery cell monitoring circuit 2 at the tail end of the daisy chain, and then the signals are sequentially transmitted to carry out communication interaction with the subsequent battery cell monitoring circuit 2, especially when the daisy chain bus is broken, the data can be sent to the battery management unit 4 at the rear stage of the break point, the problem that communication cannot be continued after the break of a certain node is avoided, and the robustness of bus structure communication is enhanced.
In an embodiment, the high voltage monitoring unit 3 is also in bidirectional communication with the head end battery module 11 for monitoring the high voltage state of the battery pack 1. The first-end battery module 11 refers to a battery module corresponding to the first-end cell monitoring circuit 2 in the daisy chain among the N battery modules 11.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the battery management unit 4 and the high voltage monitoring unit 3 mainly complete the collection of insulation impedance information of the whole battery pack, high voltage at the vehicle body end, current and high voltage system, and monitor the high voltage state in real time, that is, the detection of the high voltage part of the battery pack 1 is realized by the high voltage monitoring unit 3, so that the high voltage measurement and the low voltage control are completely independent, the modular design of the function is realized, the arrangement of EE (Electronic and Electrical) parts inside the battery pack is facilitated, the long-distance wiring is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
And, in the battery system 10 of the embodiment, through battery management unit 4 based on electric core monitoring circuit 2 and high-pressure monitoring unit 3's sampling time control high pressure monitoring unit 3 and N electric core monitoring circuit 2 carry out data synchronization collection, and monitor the battery package according to the data of gathering, send sampling instruction to electric core monitoring circuit 2 and high pressure monitoring unit 3 simultaneously by battery management unit 4 promptly, with unified control high pressure monitoring unit 3, electric core monitoring circuit 2 is to monomer voltage, the temperature, whole package total voltage, the sampling process of electric current, realize highly synchronous sampling, need not to set up the controller again to high pressure monitoring unit 3, electric core monitoring circuit 2 alone, do not have because the problem of the communication delay and the response delay that the controller produced in coordination, the degree of difficulty and the maintenance cost of software development have also been reduced simultaneously.
According to the battery system 10 of the embodiment of the present invention, the battery management system 20 monitors the status of the battery pack 1, wherein the battery management system is connected with the battery modules 11 in a one-to-one correspondence manner through the cell monitoring circuits 2 to monitor and collect the cell voltage and temperature, and the cell monitoring circuits 2 are sequentially connected in series for communication in a daisy chain manner, so as to reduce the power supply line configuration and the cost, and the embodiment of the present invention is based on the communication connection between the battery management unit 4 and the high voltage monitoring unit 3, the cell monitoring circuits 2 at the end of the daisy chain, and the communication connection between the high voltage monitoring unit 3 and the cell monitoring circuits 2 at the head end of the daisy chain, so that a daisy chain communication loop structure is formed between the battery management unit 4, the high voltage monitoring unit 3 and the cell monitoring circuits 2, and through the communication between the adjacent two cell monitoring circuits 2, and between battery management unit 4 and high voltage monitoring unit 3, the last terminal electric core monitoring circuit 2 of daisy chain, and between high voltage monitoring unit 3 and the electric core monitoring circuit 2 of the last head end of daisy chain, all adopt two-way communication's mode for the data of gathering can two-way conveying simultaneously, especially when the daisy chain bus appears the broken string, also can send data toward battery management unit 4 at the breakpoint back level, thereby strengthen the robustness of bus structure communication, and, the embodiment of the utility model provides a based on electric core monitoring circuit 2 and high voltage monitoring unit 3's sampling time, carry out data synchronization collection through a battery management unit 4 control N electric core monitoring circuit 2 and high voltage monitoring unit 3, and monitor battery package 1 according to the data of gathering, can realize synchronous sampling.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, each cell monitoring circuit 2 includes a battery monitoring chip (AFE); the high voltage monitoring unit 3 includes an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC); the battery management unit 4 is in communication connection with an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), the ASIC is in communication connection with a battery monitoring chip (AFE) of the battery core monitoring circuit 2 at the head end of the daisy chain, and the battery management unit 4 is used for controlling the battery monitoring chip (AFE) and the ASIC to perform synchronous data acquisition. Namely, the cell monitoring circuit 2 is internally provided with an AFE for detecting the voltage and the temperature of the single cell, and the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 is internally provided with an ASIC for detecting the high voltage and the current.
In an embodiment, the battery monitoring chip AFE includes MAXIN, ADI, TI, NXP, etc., and the application specific integrated circuit ASIC includes LTC, NXP, ADI, TI, etc.
In some embodiments, the battery management Unit 4 includes a Microcontroller (MCU) 40 and a third bridge interface 43, where the third bridge interface 43 is in communication connection with the Microcontroller 40 and the ASIC, respectively, that is, the MCU40 directly performs communication interaction with the high voltage monitoring Unit 3 through the third bridge interface 43 to control the ASIC to perform the detection of the total voltage of the battery pack, the total voltage of the vehicle body end, and the current, and based on the connection of the high voltage monitoring Unit 3 with the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the daisy chain head end, the MCU40 indirectly performs communication interaction with the cell monitoring circuit 2 at the daisy chain head end through the third bridge interface to control the battery monitoring chip to perform the detection of the cell voltage and the temperature, and the monitoring of the physical quantity of each battery is uniformly controlled by the clock of the MCU AFE 40, which facilitates the realization of highly synchronous sampling.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the battery management system 20 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a Power Distribution Unit (PDU) 5, the battery pack 1 has two electrode terminals for drawing current, and the PDU 5 is connected to the two electrode terminals of the battery pack 1; the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 collects the whole electric signal of the battery pack 1 through the distribution box 5. The two electrode terminals of the battery pack 1 are respectively the electrode terminal led out from the head-end battery module 11 and the electrode terminal led out from the tail-end battery module 11 in the N battery modules, so that high voltage can be output to the PDU, and the HVSU3 monitors the whole pack layer.
Following is directed at the embodiment of the utility model provides a battery management unit 4 carries out data synchronization collection based on electric core monitoring circuit 2 and high-pressure monitoring unit 3's a sampling time control N electric core monitoring circuit 2 and high-pressure monitoring unit 3 to monitor battery package 1 according to the data collection, realize that the process of synchronous sampling specifically explains. The ASIC can automatically and synchronously realize the synchronous detection of the total voltage and the current of the whole pack, so the synchronism of the two physical quantities is completed by the ASIC, and the ASIC and the AFE are further required to be controlled by the MCU in a unified way, and the synchronous sampling of the physical quantities of the batteries can be realized.
In the embodiment, since the time for the ASIC to complete one ADC sampling is 0.8ms and the time for sending the start ADC sampling command is 0.1ms, the time from sending the start ADC sampling command to completion of ADC conversion is 0.9 ms. And, for the AFE, the time to complete one ADC measurement is 3.445ms while ensuring the measurement accuracy, the configuration sets 16 times oversampling, and the time to send the start ADC sampling command is 0.3ms, so the time from sending the start ADC sampling command to completion of ADC conversion is 3.745 ms. Therefore, the ASIC finish sample time is approximately 1/4 times of the AFE finish sample time, so the ASIC needs to be controlled to perform 4 oversampling to balance the measurement bias. According to the calculation result, the final synchronous deviation can reach 55us, and the deviation of 0.1ms can be realized.
For the above reasons, the implementation of the synchronous sampling process according to the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated below with reference to fig. 4, and the specific implementation steps are as follows.
Step 1: when the synchronous sampling period arrives, the processor of the BMU first issues a command to start the ADC sampling of the AFE to the first bridge interface 41, and the first bridge interface 41 automatically sends the start command to the AFE. And the AFE starts sampling after receiving the starting command. The synchronous sampling period can be set to 1s according to the algorithm calculation period requirement. The best state is that each sampling is synchronously performed, so that the comprehensive judgment of the fault is convenient.
Step 2: after the MCU sends the AFE start command, the ADC sampling command to start the ASIC is sent to the second bridge interface 42 after a delay of 172.5us, and the second bridge interface 42 automatically sends the start command to the ASIC. The ASIC begins sampling after receiving the start command.
And step 3: after the MCU issues the start ASIC command, the MCU issues a second ADC sample command to the second bridge interface 42 to start ASIC after 0.9 ms.
And 4, step 4: the MCU sends out a first conversion result for reading the ASIC.
And 5: repeating the steps 3-4 twice.
Step 6: the MCU issues a fourth conversion result to read the ASIC.
Therefore, through the above steps, the battery management unit 4 is used for uniformly controlling the battery core monitoring circuit 2 and the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 to acquire data, the ASIC in the high-voltage monitoring unit 3 can automatically and synchronously realize synchronous detection of the total voltage and current of the whole pack, and the MCU40 is used for uniformly controlling the sampling processes of the ASIC and the AFE on the cell voltage, the temperature, the total voltage and the current of the whole pack, so that highly synchronous sampling is realized.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle, as shown in fig. 6, a vehicle 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a high-voltage switch 6 and the battery system 10 provided in the foregoing embodiment.
The battery system 10 comprises a battery pack 1 and a battery management system 20, the battery pack 1 is connected with the high-voltage switch 6, the battery management system 20 is connected with the battery pack 1, and the battery management system 20 is used for monitoring the battery pack 1 to ensure the safe operation of the battery.
In the embodiment, only one MCU is arranged in the battery management system 20, the MCU uniformly controls the sampling process of the battery management system 20 on the voltage and temperature of the single battery, the total voltage and current of the whole battery pack, that is, the detection of each physical quantity of the battery pack is also uniformly controlled by the clock of the microcontroller, so that the arrangement of the microcontroller in the slave control unit is omitted, synchronous sampling is realized, the problems of communication delay and response delay caused by the cooperation of the microcontrollers do not exist, meanwhile, the battery management system 20 is only provided with one microcontroller, the difficulty of software development and maintenance cost are also reduced, the EE wiring harness and layout inside the battery pack 1 are relatively simplified, and the cost is reduced. Moreover, the battery management system 20 adopts a daisy chain communication loop structure, so that the problem that communication cannot be continued after a certain node is disconnected can be avoided, and the robustness of bus structure communication is enhanced.
According to the utility model discloses vehicle 100 is through adopting the battery system 10 that above-mentioned embodiment provided to monitor battery package 1, can realize the synchronous sampling to battery state data, and can strengthen the robustness of bus structure communication.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A battery system, comprising:
the battery pack comprises N battery modules;
the battery management system comprises a high-voltage monitoring unit, a battery management unit and N battery core monitoring circuits;
the N battery cell monitoring circuits are connected with the N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and are sequentially connected in series for communication to form a cascaded daisy chain, wherein two adjacent battery cell monitoring circuits are in bidirectional communication;
the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain, the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the tail end of the daisy chain, and the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication with the high-voltage monitoring unit;
the high-voltage monitoring unit is in two-way communication with a head-end battery module, and the head-end battery module is a battery module corresponding to the electric core monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain in the N battery modules;
the battery management unit is used for controlling the high-voltage monitoring unit and the N battery core monitoring circuits to synchronously acquire data based on the sampling time of the battery core monitoring circuits and the sampling time of the high-voltage monitoring units, and monitoring the battery pack according to the acquired data.
2. The battery system according to claim 1,
each battery cell monitoring circuit comprises a battery monitoring chip;
the high-voltage monitoring unit comprises an application specific integrated circuit;
the battery management unit is in communication connection with the battery monitoring chip and the special integrated circuit of the battery core monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain respectively, and the battery management unit is used for controlling the battery monitoring chip and the special integrated circuit to perform synchronous data acquisition.
3. The battery system according to claim 2, wherein the battery management unit includes:
a microcontroller;
the first bridge interface is in communication connection with the microcontroller and the battery monitoring chip at the head end of the daisy chain;
and the second bridge interface is in communication connection with the microcontroller and the application specific integrated circuit respectively.
4. The battery system according to claim 1,
the battery management system further comprises a distribution box, the battery pack is provided with two electrode terminals for leading out current, and the distribution box is connected with the two electrode terminals of the battery pack;
the high-voltage monitoring unit collects the whole electric signal of the battery pack through the distribution box.
5. A battery system, comprising:
the battery pack comprises N battery modules;
the battery management system comprises a high-voltage monitoring unit, a battery management unit and N battery core monitoring circuits;
the N battery cell monitoring circuits are connected with the N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and are sequentially connected in series for communication to form a cascaded daisy chain, wherein two adjacent battery cell monitoring circuits are in bidirectional communication;
the battery management unit is in bidirectional communication connection with the high-voltage monitoring unit, the high-voltage monitoring unit is in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain, and the battery management unit is also in bidirectional communication with the battery cell monitoring circuit at the tail end of the daisy chain;
the high-voltage monitoring unit is also in bidirectional communication with a head-end battery module, wherein the head-end battery module is a battery module corresponding to the electric core monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain in the N battery modules;
the battery management unit is used for controlling the high-voltage monitoring unit and the N battery core monitoring circuits to synchronously acquire data based on the sampling time of the battery core monitoring circuits and the sampling time of the high-voltage monitoring units, and monitoring the battery pack according to the acquired data.
6. The battery system according to claim 5,
each battery cell monitoring circuit comprises a battery monitoring chip;
the high-voltage monitoring unit comprises an application specific integrated circuit;
the battery management unit is in communication connection with the special integrated circuit, the special integrated circuit is in communication connection with the battery monitoring chip of the battery core monitoring circuit at the head end of the daisy chain, and the battery management unit is used for controlling the battery monitoring chip and the special integrated circuit to perform synchronous data acquisition.
7. The battery system according to claim 6, wherein the battery management unit includes:
a microcontroller;
and the third bridging interface is in communication connection with the microcontroller and the application specific integrated circuit respectively.
8. The battery system according to claim 5,
the battery management system further comprises a distribution box, the battery pack is provided with two electrode terminals for leading out current, and the distribution box is connected with the two electrode terminals of the battery pack;
the high-voltage monitoring unit collects the whole electric signal of the battery pack through the distribution box.
9. A vehicle, characterized by comprising a high-voltage switch and the battery system of any one of claims 1-4 or the battery system of any one of claims 5-8, the battery system being connected to the high-voltage switch.
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