CN212379256U - Experimental device for simulating corrosion environment of ocean splash zone - Google Patents
Experimental device for simulating corrosion environment of ocean splash zone Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an experimental device for simulating the corrosion environment of a marine splash zone and a use method thereof, which comprises a simulated dry environment experimental box arranged at the upper part and an infiltration corrosion experimental box arranged at the lower part; the experimental box for simulating the drying environment comprises an experimental box body, a constant temperature device, a fan and a sample steel lifting device; a sample steel lifting device is arranged in the experiment box body, and a fan and a constant temperature device are respectively fixed on two sides of the experiment box body; the sample suspension bracket is used for fixing a sample; the sample steel lifting device drives a sample to enter and exit the corrosion experiment groove; the water bath temperature control device is used for adjusting the temperature of the liquid in the corrosion experiment groove. The advantages are that: the temperature of the corrosive liquid is adjusted by using the water bath temperature control device, the constant temperature device and the fan are arranged in the drying environment simulation experiment box, so that the sample can be quickly dried, and the influence of the sea water temperature in the ocean splashing area and the drying speed of the marine steel along with the change of the ambient temperature around the clock can be really simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of metal material's corruption and protection, especially, relate to an experimental apparatus for simulation ocean splash zone corrosion environment.
Background
The seawater has complex water quality and components, and marine mechanical equipment is often in an alternate dry-wet environment, so that the corrosion phenomenon is serious, and the equipment parts are corroded at high speed, so that the function of the equipment is invalid, and the safety production is seriously threatened. In addition, the corrosion effect of the area is particularly obvious in the sea splashing area due to splashing scouring, alternation of dry and wet, solarization, full inflation on the surface and the like of seawater, and the steel structure in the splashing area is very seriously corroded, so that great economic loss is caused; therefore, research on the corrosion behavior of the complex dry and wet environment is very important, but due to the limitation of practical conditions, a laboratory corrosion experiment for simulating the environment is usually adopted to calculate the corrosion behavior of the metal in the practical environment; since the complex simulation experiment of the actual environment needs to control many parameters such as temperature, humidity, pH value, wave size and amplitude, and the like, the devices and methods for simulating such experiments are also diverse, so it is very important to actively explore experimental devices and implementation methods capable of simulating the most real complex corrosion environment.
At present, salt fog boxes are mostly adopted to carry out simulation experiments on the existing experimental devices and methods for simulating the corrosion of metals in the complex environments of the ocean at home and abroad, and in addition, partial rocker-plate type, piston type and push-plate type wave generators are also used for simulating the ocean corrosion environment. Patent numbers: CN 208568231U, discloses an integral type wave generator with an adjustable lifting mechanism; patent numbers: CN 201649711U, which discloses a vacuum wave-making device; patent numbers: CN 109342309A discloses a test device and a test method for simulating marine corrosion environment; the devices play a great role in the previous simulation experiment, but have some limitations, such as the fog box simulation experiment can only replace the periodic corrosion experiment of complete drying and complete infiltration with periodic salt spray corrosion, and can not truly simulate the corrosion environment of seawater splashing and immersion; in addition, the existing wave making device can not truly simulate the wave state of the seawater splashing area and has the problems of complex pipeline system, large pressure loss, low efficiency and the like; the existing experimental equipment is lack of conditions for simulating the drying state, and the drying speed of the marine steel is influenced by the change of the temperature difference between day and night; the periodic infiltration corrosion experiment box manufactured by the talandt instrument company can be used for single periodic corrosion experiment, but the periodic infiltration corrosion experiment box cannot truly simulate the corrosion environment of a seawater splashing area due to the absence of a wave making device, is expensive, and cannot be widely applied to laboratories of common small and medium-sized research institutes and common colleges.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide an experimental device for simulating the corrosion environment of a marine splashing area, which can fully simulate the corrosion environment of the marine splashing area, is used for simulating the periodic corrosion experiment of marine steel in the marine splashing area, and can also be used for simulating the full immersion, half immersion and periodic immersion corrosion experiment of metal materials in non-corrosive liquid; the equipment cost is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes:
an experimental device for simulating the corrosion environment of a marine splash zone comprises a simulated dry environment experimental box arranged at the upper part and an infiltration corrosion experimental box arranged at the lower part,
the experimental box for simulating the drying environment comprises an experimental box body, a constant temperature device, a fan and a sample steel lifting device; a sample steel lifting device is arranged in the experiment box body, and a fan and a constant temperature device are respectively fixed on two sides of the experiment box body;
the sample steel lifting device comprises a sample suspension frame, a rotating shaft, a corrosion-resistant winding wire, a bidirectional direct current motor and two small belt pulleys, wherein the rotating shaft is arranged at the top of the experimental box body and is connected with the sample suspension frame through a bearing; the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a corrosion-resistant winding, and the end part of the corrosion-resistant winding is fixedly connected with the sample suspension bracket; the sample suspension bracket is used for fixing a sample;
the infiltration corrosion experiment box comprises a corrosion experiment groove, a water bath temperature control device and a wave making device;
the wave making device comprises a wave making motor, a transmission shaft, a wave making plate, a wave making frame and two bevel gears which are meshed with each other, wherein an output shaft of the wave making motor is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft through a coupler, the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with one bevel gear, the other bevel gear is fixedly connected with the wave making frame, the wave making plates are radially and uniformly fixed on the wave making frame, and the wave making plates are arranged in a corrosion experiment groove;
the sample steel lifting device drives a sample to enter and exit the corrosion experiment groove; the water bath temperature control device is used for adjusting the temperature of the liquid in the corrosion experiment groove.
The bidirectional direct current motor is connected with a speed regulator.
The surface of the wave making plate, the surface of the wave making frame, the surfaces of the two bevel gears and the inner wall of the corrosion experiment groove are all coated with Ni-P coatings.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
1) the sample steel lifting device can regulate and control four operation variables, the lifting travel of a sample is used for setting the operation time, and a required periodic corrosion experiment can be performed by setting different immersion and drying times;
the temperature of the corrosive liquid is adjusted by using the water bath temperature control device, the constant temperature device and the fan are arranged in the drying environment simulation experiment box, so that the sample can be quickly dried, and the influence of the sea water temperature in the ocean splashing area and the drying speed of the marine steel along with the change of the ambient temperature around the clock can be really simulated.
2) The wave making device is characterized in that the wave making motor drives the wave making plate to rotate, and the radially and uniformly distributed wave making plates increase the impact area of the corrosive liquid and the wave making plate; from the corrosion point of view, the marine environment is generally divided into an ocean atmosphere area, a spray splash area (the area can be splashed by seawater spray, but the area is not immersed in seawater when the seawater rises and tides), a tidal range area (the area is immersed and ebbed when the seawater rises and tides and is exposed to the atmosphere), a seawater full immersion area (always immersed in seawater) and a seabed mud area (always in seabed mud). Compared with the prior wave making device, the sea water spray state produced by rotary wave making can simulate the wave shape of the sea water in the splashing area more truly.
3) The manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the operation is simple, the price is low, and the device can be widely applied to laboratories of various small and medium-sized research institutes and common colleges and universities.
4) The surfaces of the wave making plates, the surfaces of the wave making frames, the surfaces of the two bevel gears and the inner wall of the corrosion experiment groove are all coated with Ni-P coatings, so that various performances, particularly corrosion resistance, are greatly improved. In the absence of external current, Ni2+The reduction reaction is carried out, and the generated Ni atoms are attached to the surface of the plated part to form a nickel plating layer to protect the plated part. The composite Ni-P plating layer has higher corrosion resistance to the bipolar plate, and the effect of improving the corrosion resistance of the composite Ni-P plating layer is optimal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an external structure diagram of an experimental device for simulating a corrosive environment of a marine splash zone.
FIG. 2 is a front view of an experimental setup simulating a corrosive environment in a marine splash zone.
FIG. 3 is a side view of an experimental setup simulating a corrosive environment in a marine splash zone.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an immersion corrosion experimental box.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for simulating the corrosive environment of the marine splash zone.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sample steel lifting device.
Fig. 7 is a main circuit schematic diagram of the wave-making motor.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit for the hoist motor.
In the figure: 1-sample steel lifting device 2-motor and instrument storage box 3-console 4-simulated dry environment experiment box 5-fan 6-infiltration corrosion experiment box 7-wave making motor 8-sample hanging frame 9-constant temperature device 10-lifting motor 11-corrosion experiment groove 12-wave making frame 13-water bath temperature control device 14-bevel gear 15-wave making plate 16-small belt pulley 17-belt 18-rotating shaft 19-outer box body 20-sample 21-transmission shaft 22-corrosive liquid 23-water storage part.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-8, an experimental device for simulating a corrosive environment of a marine splash zone comprises a simulated dry environment experimental box 4 arranged at the upper part and an infiltration corrosion experimental box 6 arranged at the lower part;
the simulated drying environment experiment box 4 comprises an experiment box body, a constant temperature device 9, a fan 5 and a sample steel lifting device 1; a sample steel lifting device 1 is arranged in the experiment box body, and a fan 5 and a constant temperature device 9 are respectively fixed on two sides of the experiment box body; the motor and instrument storage box 2 and the control console 3 are fixed outside the experiment box body and used for storing power devices such as motors and instruments.
The sample steel lifting device 1 comprises a sample suspension bracket 8, a rotating shaft 18, a corrosion-resistant winding wire, a bidirectional direct current motor and two small belt pulleys 16, wherein the rotating shaft 18 is arranged at the top of the experiment box body, the rotating shaft 18 is connected with the sample suspension bracket 8 through a bearing, the end part of the rotating shaft 18 is fixedly connected with one small belt pulley 16, the other small belt pulley 16 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the bidirectional direct current motor, the two small belt pulleys 16 are connected through a belt 17, the bidirectional direct current motor drives the other small belt pulley 16 to rotate, and the small belt pulley 16 is driven by the belt 17 to rotate so as to drive the rotating shaft 18; the rotating shaft 18 is fixedly connected with a corrosion-resistant winding, and the end part of the corrosion-resistant winding is fixedly connected with the sample suspension bracket 8; the sample hanger 8 is used to hold the sample 20. The bidirectional direct current motor is connected with a speed regulator.
The thermostatic device 9 comprises a temperature sensor, a heat preservation lamp and an inductive switch, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the drying oven and feeding the temperature back to the heat preservation lamp switch, the heat preservation lamp is used for heating a passage when the temperature is lower than the minimum value of a set value, and the drying oven is disconnected and stops heating when the temperature is higher than the maximum value of the set value, so that the temperature of the drying oven reaches a constant value.
The fan 5 is provided with a timing switch, the on-off time is set, and the fan 5 works when the sample 20 is in a drying oven stage, so that the sample 20 is dried quickly. The open time of the time switch is the sum of the time of the sample 20 in the descending stage, the submergence stage and the ascending stage.
The sample steel lifting device 1 comprises a sample suspension bracket 8, a rotating shaft 18, a corrosion-resistant winding wire, a lifting motor 10 and two small belt pulleys 16, wherein the rotating shaft 18 is arranged at the top of the drying box body, the rotating shaft 18 is connected with the sample suspension bracket 8 through a bearing, the end part of the rotating shaft 18 is fixedly connected with one small belt pulley 16, the other small belt pulley 16 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the lifting motor 10, the two small belt pulleys 16 are connected through a belt 17, the lifting motor 10 drives the other small belt pulley 16 to rotate, and the small belt pulley 16 is driven by the belt 17 to rotate so as to drive the rotating shaft 18 to rotate; the rotating shaft 18 is fixedly connected with a corrosion-resistant winding, and the end part of the corrosion-resistant winding is fixedly connected with the sample suspension bracket 8; the sample hanger 8 is used to hold the sample 20. The bidirectional direct current motor for controlling the lifting is connected with a circuit board and a speed regulator for controlling the motor to count forward and backward and count static.
The sample 20 lifting motor 10 can realize the working states of forward rotation, stop, reverse rotation and stop, and the infiltration, drying and lifting time can be set on the YF-8 type direct current motor forward and reverse rotation control plate, so that the sample 20 can correspondingly reach the states of rising, drying, falling and immersion along with the forward, stop, reverse and stop operation of the motor.
The infiltration corrosion experiment box 6 comprises a corrosion experiment groove 11, a water bath temperature control device 13 and a wave making device; the sample steel lifting device 1 drives the sample 20 to enter and exit the corrosion experimental groove 11; the water bath temperature control device 13 is used for adjusting the temperature of the liquid in the corrosion experiment groove 11.
The water bath temperature control device 13 is composed of a water bath tank, a temperature sensor, a heater and an inductive switch, when the temperature of the corrosive liquid 22 is lower than the minimum value of a set value, the temperature sensor feeds back the inductive switch, the circuit of the heater is switched on, water in the water bath tank starts to be heated to the set value, and then the temperature sensor feeds back the inductive switch to enable the heater to be switched off. So as to ensure the constant temperature of the corrosive liquid 22 in the corrosion tank arranged in the water bath box body.
The wave making device comprises a wave making motor 7, a transmission shaft 21, a wave making plate 15, a wave making frame 12 and two bevel gears 14 which are meshed with each other, wherein an output shaft of the wave making motor 7 is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft 21 through a coupler, the transmission shaft 21 is fixedly connected with one bevel gear 14, the other bevel gear 14 is fixedly connected with the wave making frame 12, the wave making plates 15 are radially and uniformly fixed on the wave making frame 12, the four wave making plates 15 are shown in figure 5, and the wave making plates 15 are arranged in a corrosion experiment groove 11. The wave-making motor 7, the frequency converter, the bidirectional direct current motor and the speed regulating device are all controlled by a PLC controller arranged in the control box. The whirling of the wave-making plate 15 can provide the corrosion liquid 22 in the corrosion tank with wave patterns with proper amplitude and size, and more truly the wave patterns of the seawater in the splashing area.
Under the cooperation of the PLC and the frequency converter, the wave making motor 7 drives the wave making plate 15 to rotate back and forth, the four wave making plates 15 rotate back and forth and are impacted by the corrosive liquid 22, so that spray with proper amplitude and size can be provided for the corrosive liquid 22, and the wave shape of the seawater in the splashing area is simulated more truly.
The surfaces of the wave making plate 15, the wave making frame 12, the two bevel gears 14 and the inner wall of the corrosion experiment groove 11 are all coated with Ni-P coatings, so that the wave making plate can stably run for a long time, and the service life of the wave making plate can be prolonged.
The thermostatic device 9 can realize temperature control in a drying stage and rapid drying of the sample 20, can truly simulate the influence of the drying speed of the marine steel along with the change of the external temperature around the clock, the water bath temperature control device 13 regulates and controls the temperature of the corrosive liquid 22, the change of the temperature of seawater in a marine splashing area is simulated, the whole equipment stably runs under a set experimental time period, the automatic lifting of the sample 20 and the timed retention in a dry and wet corrosion environment are realized, and therefore, a more real corrosion environment of the marine steel in the marine splashing area is simulated. The equipment parameters are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 Equipment parameters Table
The use method of the experimental device for simulating the corrosion environment of the marine splash zone comprises the following steps:
1) the marine steel is made into a test sample 20 and is connected to the test sample suspension bracket; injecting the corrosive liquid 22 simulating seawater into the corrosion experiment groove 11, adjusting the temperature of the corrosive liquid 22, and adjusting the pH value of the corrosive liquid 22; the temperature of the drying box is adjusted, and the working time of the air supply fan 5 is set.
2) Starting the wave making device, and setting the size and amplitude of the waves of the corrosive liquid 22; setting the test period to be 24-600 h, and setting the time of the drying and soaking stage of the periodic corrosion test cycle;
3) starting an experiment, driving a sample 20 to be in a constant-temperature corrosion experiment tank 11 by a sample steel lifting device 1, fully soaking and corroding the sample 20, driving the sample 20 to be transferred from a corrosive liquid 22 to a drying box by the sample steel lifting device 1 after the fully soaking and corroding in a set soaking time is finished, wherein the rising and falling time of the sample 20 is 19-20 s, and driving the sample 20 to be transferred from the drying box to the corrosive liquid 22 by the sample steel lifting device 1 after the set drying time is finished, so that the sample 20 realizes periodic corrosion in two dry and wet corrosion environments;
4) and after the experiment is finished, taking out the sample 20 to measure various corrosion, and further realizing the periodic infiltration corrosion experiment of the sample 20.
Example (b):
Preparing a compact Ni-P coating on the surfaces of core components such as the inner wall (mainly a water storage part 23) of the corrosion experiment groove 11, a wave making plate 15, a wave making frame 12, a transmission shaft 21 and the like by adopting a chemical plating process; preparing corrosive liquid 22: NaCl solution with concentration of 3.5%; injecting the corrosive liquid 22 into the corrosion experiment groove 11, and adjusting the pH value of the corrosion environment by weak acid or weak base; controlling the temperature of the corrosive liquid 22 to be 25-27 ℃; and respectively connecting the samples 20 to the sample suspension brackets 8, setting the convolution frequency and the running stroke of the wave making plate 15, adjusting a frequency converter of the wave making motor 7, and driving the wave making plate 15 to rotate. The rotating speed of the lifting motor 10 is controlled to be 9-10 r/min, the rising and falling time of the sample 20 is controlled to be 19-20 s (after the time is determined by the motor speed, the distance from the position where the sample 20 is immersed to the position where the sample 20 is static in a drying area is adjusted to be a fixed value of 200-250 mm by adjusting the immersion depth of the sample 20, the lifting time is calculated as the lifting stroke of the sample 20 pair), and the total immersion of the sample 20 is set to be an initial state; setting the time of the soaking stage in the corrosion cycle to be 9-11 min, the time of the drying stage to be 49-51 min, the time of the forward and reverse rotation work of the lifting motor 10 to be 19-20 s, the drying time of the sample 20 in the simulated drying environment experiment box 4 to be 50min (the time is determined by the time of the drying stage), and the immersion time of the sample 20 in the corrosive liquid 22 to be 10min (determined by the time of the soaking stage). The experimental period can be set to 24h, 72h, 168h, 288h, 432h, 600h according to the standard GBT 19746-2005. After the experiment, the sample 20 was taken out, further subjected to corrosion measurement, the water storage part 23 was taken out, and the corrosive solution 22 was cleaned.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) coating the Ni-P coating on the surface of a wave making plate 15, the surface of a wave making frame 12, the surfaces of two bevel gears 14, the surface of a transmission shaft 21 and the inner wall of a corrosion experiment groove 11, and then stably operating for a long time after coating treatment, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of plating: polishing the surface of the part to be plated by using water abrasive paper to make the part smooth, then cleaning the part by using deionized water, and soaking the part into 1000ml (20g/L NaOH, 20 g/LNa) of alkaline degreasing solution after drying2CO3) And adjusting the temperature to be constant at 69-71 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5min to achieve the effect of removing the oil stains on the parts. Acidifying the deoiled part with 10% HF solution for 3min to remove the partAnd (5) oxidizing the film.
(2) Preparation of plating solution: the formula is as follows: 21.9-22.1 g/L NiSO4·6H2O，19.9～20.1g/L NaH2PO2·5H2O，9.90～10.1g/L NH4HF2，14.9～15.1g/L Na3C6H5O7·2H2O，0.08～0.10g/L(CH3COO)2Pb，0.08～0.10g/L C12H25SO4Na, weighing a proper amount of medicine according to the formula before the experiment and dissolving the medicine for standby, and firstly, adding the complexing agent Na during the experiment3C6H5O7·2H2Pouring O into salt solution NiSO4·6H2Adding stabilizer NH after completely mixing in O4HF2Then the buffer solution (CH)3COO)2Pb is poured into a reaction device, and a surfactant C is added12H25SO4Na, mixing them thoroughly, adding reducing agent NaH2PO2·5H2O。
(3) And (3) chemically plating and depositing a Ni-P coating: sequentially carrying out oil removal and acid washing activation processes on the polished parts according to the step (1), taking out the parts, quickly putting the parts into a solution to be plated, carrying out plating at a constant temperature of 84-85 ℃, a pH value of 7.1-7.3 for 1.9-2.1 h, washing the parts with deionized water at a temperature of 84-85 ℃, washing the parts with the deionized water at a normal temperature, and drying the parts after washing with the deionized water at the normal temperature; and finally, preparing a uniform and compact Ni-P coating on the part.
Above-mentioned drying experiment box, its inside temperature can be realized accuse temperature by the circuit system that temperature-sensing ware, heat preservation lamp and inductive switch constitute, controls the circuit of miniwatt air supply fan through the time switch controller, can realize the rapid draing of sample 20 in the drying cabinet, and the simulation sea breeze is to the rapid draing on the area marine steel corrosion surface that the wave splashes.
The infiltration corrosion experiment box 6 controls the temperature of the corrosive liquid 22 through the water bath temperature control device 13 to simulate the influence of the temperature of the seawater in the ocean splashing area on the corrosion of the marine steel; in a set experiment time period, the sample 20 is lifted and stopped in a dry and wet corrosion environment at regular time, so that a more real corrosion environment of the marine steel in a seawater splashing area is simulated.
The device of the utility model has simple structure and convenient operation, and also has the functions of adjusting the temperature of dry and wet environment, fast pneumatic drying, wave making and the like, and can automatically control the experimental time period and stably operate for a long time by setting the time and the temperature of each device circuit controller of the equipment, thereby simulating the real corrosive environment of seawater dry-wet alternate periodic corrosion marine steel in a splashing area; the device is mainly used for simulating periodic corrosion experiments of marine steel in a seawater splashing area, and can also be suitable for simulating full immersion, half immersion and periodic immersion corrosion experiments of metal materials in different corrosive liquids 22.
Claims (3)
1. An experimental device for simulating the corrosion environment of a marine splash zone is characterized by comprising a simulated dry environment experimental box arranged at the upper part and an infiltration corrosion experimental box arranged at the lower part;
the experimental box for simulating the drying environment comprises an experimental box body, a constant temperature device, a fan and a sample steel lifting device; a sample steel lifting device is arranged in the experiment box body, and a fan and a constant temperature device are respectively fixed on two sides of the experiment box body;
the sample steel lifting device comprises a sample suspension frame, a rotating shaft, a corrosion-resistant winding wire, a bidirectional direct current motor and two small belt pulleys, wherein the rotating shaft is arranged at the top of the experimental box body and is connected with the sample suspension frame through a bearing; the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a corrosion-resistant winding, and the end part of the corrosion-resistant winding is fixedly connected with the sample suspension bracket; the sample suspension bracket is used for fixing a sample;
the infiltration corrosion experiment box comprises a corrosion experiment groove, a water bath temperature control device and a wave making device;
the wave making device comprises a wave making motor, a transmission shaft, a wave making plate, a wave making frame and two bevel gears which are meshed with each other, wherein an output shaft of the wave making motor is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft through a coupler, the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with one bevel gear, the other bevel gear is fixedly connected with the wave making frame, the wave making plates are radially and uniformly fixed on the wave making frame, and the wave making plates are arranged in a corrosion experiment groove;
the sample steel lifting device drives a sample to enter and exit the corrosion experiment groove; the water bath temperature control device is used for adjusting the temperature of the liquid in the corrosion experiment groove.
2. The experimental device for simulating the corrosive environment of the marine splash zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein a speed regulator is connected to the bidirectional direct current motor.
3. The experimental device for simulating the corrosive environment of the marine splash zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the wave making plate, the surface of the wave making frame, the surfaces of the two bevel gears and the inner wall of the corrosion experimental groove are all coated with Ni-P coatings.
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