CN212370808U

CN212370808U - Device for pyrolyzing, recycling and granulating plastic of waste electrical and electronic products

Info

Publication number: CN212370808U
Application number: CN202021948068.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方海宝
Original assignee: Qingyuan Dongjiang Environmental Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingyuan Dongjiang Environmental Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-08
Filing date: 2020-09-08
Publication date: 2021-01-19
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-08

Abstract

The utility model discloses an adopt device of old and useless electrical apparatus electronic product plastics pyrolysis recovery granulation, including rotary drum formula centrifugal heating equipment, rotary drum formula centrifugal heating equipment's discharge end is provided with the granulator, the discharge end of granulator is provided with the breaker, the discharge end of breaker is provided with the hammer mill, the discharge end of hammer mill is provided with high-voltage static sorter, the discharge end of high-voltage static sorter is provided with the tubular furnace, the tubular furnace is connected with the pyrolysis furnace to the discharge end of tubular furnace is provided with distillation plant. The utility model adopts the mechanical physical separation method to carry out the pretreatment of the recovered waste electrical and electronic products, and separates out non-metallic materials such as plastics and metallic materials for the subsequent treatment; the utility model discloses retrieve the granulation to the plastics that can directly retrieve the granulation, belong to the physical mechanical method, pollute lessly, production efficiency is high.

Description

Device for pyrolyzing, recycling and granulating plastic of waste electrical and electronic products

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a plastics recycle technical field specifically is an adopt old and useless electrical apparatus electronic product plastics pyrolysis to retrieve device of granulation.

Background

The recycling of waste plastics is increasingly gaining attention as a measure for saving energy and protecting the environment, and especially, the recycling of waste plastics in developed countries has already received obvious benefits when working early. As most of plastics are not degradable and accumulate day by day, serious white pollution can be caused, and the ecological environment of the earth is damaged. The recycling of the molding material can relieve the pollution problem, and the waste plastic still has good comprehensive material performance after being processed into granules, can meet the technical requirements of film blowing, wire drawing, pipe drawing, injection molding, profile extrusion and the like, and can be widely applied to the production of plastic products. And the recycled plastic has outstanding price advantage and obvious benefit, and the domestic waste molding material recycling market gradually becomes climate.

The total amount of the waste electronic products in the world in 2018 is estimated to reach 4850 ten thousand tons, and the trend is increased every year. Only 20% of electronic waste is properly disposed of on a global scale. The dismantling treatment industry of the waste electric and electronic products in China is still in the initial development stage, the related technical standards are not standard and common, the experience of treatment enterprises is insufficient, and the like, and some treatment enterprises still have problems of unclear responsibility subject, unsound management system, substandard dismantling treatment operation and the like in the production process, thereby causing adverse effects on pollution prevention and use safety of the waste electric and electronic products. Particularly, the average content of the plastic in the waste electronic products is up to 80%, which shows that the plastic in the processed waste electronic products is all the key of the processed waste electronic products, particularly under the condition of combining the requirements of environmental protection, recycling, economy, feasibility and the like.

At present, there are several ways for processing waste plastics at home and abroad: filling and burying. The method is the most direct and simple method, more than 50 percent of waste plastics in the global market are directly buried, and infinite hidden dangers are left although the treatment cost is low; and ② burning. The method is simple and easy to implement, but pollutes the environment and wastes resources; and utilizing heat energy. Waste plastics are used as fuel, and heat energy is recovered by directly burning or burning mixed combustible waste, so that the utilization rate is not high, and air pollution is caused; and fourthly, pyrolysis. Namely, the proposed recycling technology is used for recycling fuel oil, combustible gas and solid fuel, so that industrial continuous operation is realized, and no secondary pollution is caused.

The utility model discloses combine together the pyrolysis technology with retrieve the granulation and study, explore an adoption old and useless electrical apparatus electronic product plastics pyrolysis and retrieve the device of granulation to realize the method of industrialization production, in order to reach the target that improves recovery efficiency.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an adopt device of old and useless electrical apparatus electronic product plastics pyrolysis recovery granulation, including rotary drum formula centrifugal heating equipment, rotary drum formula centrifugal heating equipment's discharge end is provided with the granulator, the discharge end of granulator is provided with the breaker, the discharge end of breaker is provided with the hammer mill, the discharge end of hammer mill is provided with high-voltage static sorter, the discharge end of high-voltage static sorter is provided with the tubular furnace, the tubular furnace is connected with the pyrolysis furnace to the discharge end of tubular furnace is provided with distillation plant, distillation plant's discharge end is provided with the collecting device who is used for collecting the material.

As an optimized technical proposal of the utility model, the outside of the cracking furnace is provided with a baffle plate which can prevent the personnel from being scalded.

As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, rotary drum centrifugal heating equipment's feed end is provided with charging equipment.

As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, one side of collecting device is provided with the discharging equipment who is used for conveying collecting device.

As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, rotary drum centrifugal heating equipment, granulator, breaker, hammer mill, high-voltage electrostatic separation machine, tubular furnace, pyrolysis furnace, distillation plant and collecting device's outside is provided with the cage that prevents gas overflow jointly to the outside intercommunication of cage has exhaust treatment device.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the device for pyrolyzing, recovering and granulating the plastic of the waste electrical and electronic products adopts a mechanical physical separation method to pretreat the recovered waste electrical and electronic products, and separates out non-metallic materials such as plastic and the like and metallic materials so as to be respectively treated later.

Two, the utility model discloses to the pyrolysis technique of adopting of other unable direct recoveries to chemical process pyrolysis form realizes retrieving and recycles, retrieves the granulation to the plastics that can directly retrieve the granulation, belongs to the physical machinery method, pollutes lessly, and production efficiency is high.

Thirdly, the utility model discloses can improve the recycle ratio of old and useless electrical and electronic product, and categorised clear and definite control of being convenient for to improve economic benefits greatly, done environmental protection control simultaneously, can reduce the secondary pollution that recovery processing is not thorough and cause by the at utmost.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic layout view of a device for pyrolysis, recycling and granulation of waste electrical and electronic product plastics according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a process flow chart of the apparatus for pyrolysis, recycling and granulation of waste electrical and electronic product plastics of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a heating device; 2. a granulator; 3. a crusher; 4. a hammer mill; 5. a high-voltage electrostatic separator; 6. a tube furnace; 7. a cracking furnace; 8. a distillation apparatus; 9. a collection device; 10. feeding equipment; 11. a discharge device; 12. an isolation cover; 13. an exhaust gas treatment device.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are presented herein only to illustrate and explain the present invention, and not to limit the present invention.

Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, a device for pyrolyzing, recovering and granulating plastics of waste electrical and electronic products comprises a rotary drum type centrifugal heating device 1, wherein a granulator 2 is arranged at a discharge end of the rotary drum type centrifugal heating device 1, a crusher 3 is arranged at a discharge end of the granulator 2, a hammer mill 4 is arranged at a discharge end of the crusher 3, a high-voltage electrostatic classifier 5 is arranged at a discharge end of the hammer mill 4, a tube furnace 6 is arranged at a discharge end of the high-voltage electrostatic classifier 5, the tube furnace 6 is connected with a cracking furnace 7, a distillation device 8 is arranged at a discharge end of the tube furnace 6, and a collection device 9 for collecting materials is arranged at a discharge end of the distillation device 8.

The outside of the cracking furnace 7 is provided with a baffle for preventing the personnel from being scalded. The feeding end of the drum type centrifugal heating device 1 is provided with a feeding device 10. One side of the collecting device 9 is provided with an outfeed device 11 for conveying the collecting device 9.

The exterior of the rotary drum type centrifugal heating equipment 1, the granulator 2, the crusher 3, the hammer mill 4, the high-voltage electrostatic separator 5, the tube furnace 6, the cracking furnace 7, the distillation equipment 8 and the collection equipment 9 are provided with an isolation cover 12 for preventing gas from overflowing together, and the exterior of the isolation cover 12 is communicated with an exhaust gas treatment device 13.

As shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:

s1, removing soldering tin from the waste electronic product, and separating out components, a substrate and the soldering tin; in S1, the waste electronic product is desoldered by the drum-type centrifugal heating apparatus 1.

S2, carrying out magnetic separation and electrostatic separation on the materials of the substrate and the soldering tin, and reintroducing the materials with the particle size larger than r1 into a recycling granulation system; in S2 and S6, r1 is 50 mm.

S3, preheating the granules to a constant temperature, and uniformly feeding the granules into a granulator 2 after the constant temperature is achieved; in the step S3, it is required to ensure that the airflow in the pelletizer is stable and that the feeding speed of the pelletizer is matched with the feeding speed.

S4, crushing the substrate in the S1 to be below r2 through primary shearing, then crushing the substrate below r2 and part of components for the second time, wherein the crushing granularity is below r3, and separating iron and non-iron materials through magnetic separation on the materials crushed to be below r 3; in the S4, r2 and r3 are respectively 20mm and 3 mm.

The metal materials in the waste electronic products have higher toughness, but the non-metal materials (mainly plastic, accounting for about 80 percent) have brittleness, the mechanical and physical treatment method is to carry out separation according to different physical properties of the materials contained in the waste electronic products, and the mature crushing and separation technology in the raw material processing industry is widely adopted. The purpose of crushing is to dissociate metals and nonmetal in waste electronic products and obtain material granularity meeting the requirement of subsequent operation, which is the premise that the purpose can be successfully achieved by sorting; sorting is a key in the recovery process, and aims to realize the separation of metals and nonmetals so as to completely separate various materials in the metals.

S5, putting the non-ferrous materials below r3 into a hammer mill 4 for fine grinding, keeping the particle size of most of the materials below r4, separating aluminum from the materials above r4 through eddy current, and then, feeding the materials into the hammer mill again for fine grinding; in S5, r4 is 0.6 mm.

S6, hammer-milling to obtain materials with the granularity below r4, sieving to obtain materials with the granularity larger than r5, separating the materials from metal materials in a high-voltage electrostatic separator 5, recycling the generated metal materials by a metal comprehensive resource utilization system, and introducing the generated non-metal waste and particles with the granularity larger than r1 in S2 into a pyrolysis system; in S6, r5 is 0.045 mm.

S7, heating the tube 6 furnace in the cracking furnace 7, changing the plastic from solid state to gas through liquid state, condensing through a condenser, changing most of cracking gas into liquid, and after the reaction is finished, taking the residual substance remained in the quartz boat as residue;

pyrolysis is also known in the industry as retorting. Pyrolysis of solid waste is a process of thermal decomposition under oxygen-free or anoxic conditions, taking advantage of the thermal instability of organic matter. In the pyrolysis process, the organic matters are chemically decomposed to obtain gaseous, liquid or solid substances. Pyrolysis is a complex and continuous chemical reaction process involving the cleavage of large molecular bonds, isomerization, and polymerization of small molecules, resulting in smaller molecules. In the process of pyrolysis, two changes of intermediate products exist, namely, the intermediate products are changed from macromolecules to small molecules until the cracking process of gas; the second is a polymerization process for polymerizing small molecules into large molecules. These reactions are not clearly staged, and many are carried out in tandem. The pyrolysis reaction process can be represented by the following simplified formula:

organic solid waste- > combustible gas + organic liquid + solid residue.

The pyrolysis process is complex and is dependent on many factors, such as solid waste type, solid waste particle size, heating rate, final temperature, pressure, heating time, pyrolysis atmosphere, etc. in practical applications, multiple experiments are required to achieve optimal pyrolysis results for different waste materials and final application requirements.

And S8, after the cracking reaction is finished, distilling the collected liquid product, wherein the fraction with the temperature lower than t1 belongs to gasoline, the fraction between t1 and t2 belongs to diesel oil, and the fraction higher than t2 is heavy oil which can be directly recycled. In the S8, t1 and t2 are 180 ℃ and 330 ℃, respectively.

The recycled waste plastics are classified firstly, the classified plastics are respectively crushed and cleaned to remove labels, mud, impurities and the like in the plastics, and then the cleaned crushed plastics are dried; the pretreated plastics enter a plastic granulator to be subjected to a series of processes such as high-temperature melting, plasticizing and extruding, the physical properties of the plastics are changed, the plasticizing and molding of the plastics are achieved, and finally the plastics are cooled, granulated, bagged and transported outside. In the whole processing process, waste generated by processing electronic product plastics needs to be subjected to environment-friendly treatment and timely discharged.

The working principle and the beneficial effects are as follows:

the device for pyrolyzing, recovering and granulating the plastic of the waste electrical and electronic products pretreats the recovered waste electrical and electronic products by adopting a mechanical and physical separation method to separate non-metallic materials such as plastic and the like and metallic materials so as to be respectively treated later.

② the utility model discloses retrieve the granulation to the plastics that can directly retrieve the granulation, belong to the physical machinery method, pollute less, production efficiency is high. Other materials which cannot be directly recovered are recycled by adopting a pyrolysis technology in a chemical pyrolysis mode.

Third the utility model discloses can improve the recycle ratio of old and useless electrical and electronic product, and categorised clear and definite control of being convenient for to improve economic benefits greatly, done environmental protection control simultaneously, can reduce the secondary pollution that recovery processing is not thorough and cause by the at utmost

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an adopt device of old and useless electrical apparatus electronic product plastics pyrolysis recovery granulation, includes rotary drum formula centrifugal heating equipment (1), its characterized in that, the discharge end of rotary drum formula centrifugal heating equipment (1) is provided with granulator (2), the discharge end of granulator (2) is provided with breaker (3), the discharge end of breaker (3) is provided with hammer mill (4), the discharge end of hammer mill (4) is provided with high-voltage static sorter (5), the discharge end of high-voltage static sorter (5) is provided with tubular furnace (6), tubular furnace (6) are connected with pyrolysis furnace (7) to the discharge end of tubular furnace (6) is provided with distillation plant (8), the discharge end of distillation plant (8) is provided with collecting device (9) that are used for collecting the material.

2. The device for pyrolyzing, recycling and granulating plastics of waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, wherein a baffle plate for preventing personnel from being scalded is arranged outside the cracking furnace (7).

3. The device for pyrolyzing, recycling and granulating waste electrical and electronic product plastics according to claim 1, wherein a feeding device (10) is arranged at the feeding end of the rotary drum type centrifugal heating device (1).

4. The device for pyrolyzing, recycling and granulating waste electrical and electronic product plastics according to claim 1, wherein a discharging device (11) for conveying the collecting device (9) is arranged at one side of the collecting device (9).

5. The device for pyrolyzing, recycling and granulating plastics of waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, wherein an isolation cover (12) for preventing gas overflow is arranged outside the rotary drum type centrifugal heating equipment (1), the granulator (2), the crusher (3), the hammer mill (4), the high-voltage electrostatic separator (5), the tube furnace (6), the cracking furnace (7), the distillation equipment (8) and the collection equipment (9) together, and the outside of the isolation cover (12) is communicated with a waste gas treatment device (13).