CN212364071U - Motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device based on laser multidimensional space scanning - Google Patents
Motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device based on laser multidimensional space scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN212364071U CN212364071U CN202021681151.5U CN202021681151U CN212364071U CN 212364071 U CN212364071 U CN 212364071U CN 202021681151 U CN202021681151 U CN 202021681151U CN 212364071 U CN212364071 U CN 212364071U
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000041 tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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Abstract
The utility model provides a motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device based on laser multidimensional space scanning, which comprises a laser driving unit, a data acquisition control module and a reflecting material; the laser driving unit is connected with a laser group in a conduction manner; one side of the laser group is provided with a laser beam combining unit; one side of the laser beam combining unit is provided with an optical two-dimensional scanning element; the data acquisition control module is in conduction connection with a detector control module and an industrial personal computer; the detector control module is connected with an outer detector in a conduction mode; and one side of the data acquisition control module is also provided with a light beam collection focusing module. The utility model discloses simple structure, detection method is simple and convenient, has the characteristics that detect multilane, high vehicle capture rate, high accuracy, high stability, and can assist discernment cold start vehicle, can also measure the absolute total amount of discharging of tail gas based on the mileage, reduces the decision-making for tail gas and provides important information.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing field, concretely relates to motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device based on laser multidimensional space scanning and detection method thereof.
Background
The motor vehicle tail gas detection is that researchers obtain basic data by detecting the tail gas emission conditions of automobiles under different urban traffic conditions, provide reference information for government decision-making organs, and is beneficial to government decisions such as urban road planning, traffic management and the like; there are various devices and methods for detecting exhaust gas of motor vehicles in the prior art, however, these methods have the following disadvantages:
(1) the horizontal remote sensing detection equipment for the tail gas of the motor vehicle disclosed in the prior art is strictly only suitable for a single lane, and the problem that the vehicles are mutually shielded in light or the tail gas of multiple vehicles is mutually interfered in parallel in multiple lanes cannot be simultaneously detected for the multiple motor vehicles on the multiple lanes.
(2) The vertical remote sensing detection equipment for the tail gas of the motor vehicle disclosed in the prior art usually adopts a coated mirror on the ground to perform V-shaped or W-shaped mirror reflection, can be used for multi-lane detection, but the reflecting mirror has higher requirement on the stability of the whole light beam, and the light beam is easy to shift under the vibration of the road surface; secondly, the exhaust pipe position difference of different motorcycle types is great, and the route of traveling has randomness when the vehicle passes through equipment, so the road coverage width that V type or W type reflected light beam can detect automobile exhaust is limited, hardly compromises the detection of all vehicles, can increase the vehicle and miss the detection rate undoubtedly.
(3) The prior art also discloses that a vertical scanning type tail gas remote sensing detection technology is adopted to carry out scanning detection on roads, compared with a mirror reflection mode, the vehicle detection capture rate can be improved, but a continuous wide-spectrum infrared light source is adopted, and the detection accuracy of the tail gas of the vehicle is limited due to the insufficient spectral resolution; in addition, the tail gas is measured by synchronously penetrating all cross sections of a road through fan-shaped laser expanded by a beam splitting lens, the scanning mode is synchronous static scanning instead of continuous dynamic scanning, the scanning area cannot be flexibly changed, and the detectable distance of a lane is limited by the divergence attenuation of the light intensity after the beam expansion; the tail gas remote sensing detection device based on the TDLAS scanning receiving and sending integrated type is characterized in that laser is used for scanning and detecting tail gas in a one-dimensional linear scanning mode, the detection accuracy and the vehicle capture rate can be obviously improved, the tail gas absolute content cannot be detected only by detecting the relative volume concentration of the tail gas, and meanwhile the tail gas plume shape space distribution characteristic cannot be obtained in the one-dimensional linear scanning mode.
(4) In practice, the temperature of the tail gas discharged when the vehicle normally runs is far higher than the ambient temperature, the measured concentration of the tail gas is related to the temperature of the tail gas through which the light beam passes, the temperature of the tail gas cannot be directly measured by the conventional equipment, the obtained concentration of the tail gas is measured at normal temperature by default, and the measurement result has deviation without being subjected to actual temperature calibration of the tail gas; meanwhile, the unknown exhaust temperature cannot be used for discharging the vehicle in cold start, the cold start of the vehicle can weaken the emission reduction performance of the exhaust emission reduction device, and the exhaust emission of the qualified vehicle can exceed the standard in serious cases; in addition, the high-temperature tail gas can also radiate low-frequency infrared light, spectral interference can be caused to tail gas detection equipment which adopts wide-spectrum infrared as a detection light source, and the excellent wavelength monochromaticity and the rapid modulability of the laser can not be influenced by the thermal radiation of the high-temperature tail gas.
(5) The existing tail gas remote sensing detection equipment obtains the relative volume concentration value of the tail gas under the transient state only by measuring a small part of tail gas and then passing through an engine combustion equation concentration inversion model, but not measuring the absolute emission content value of the whole tail gas cross section, in the existing patent, although a tail gas emission factor (each component mass of the tail gas exhausted by consuming one kilogram of fuel oil) can be deduced through the engine combustion equation concentration inversion model, the model simplifies a complex engine combustion process mechanism and cannot truly represent the actual emission of a vehicle.
In order to realize the detection of multiple lanes, improve the detection efficiency, accuracy and stability and realize cold start of vehicles, the invention needs to invent a novel remote sensing detection device and a detection method for the tail gas of the motor vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device and detection method based on laser multidimensional space scanning.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: a motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device based on laser multidimensional space scanning comprises a laser driving unit, a data acquisition control module and a reflecting material; the laser driving unit is connected with a laser group in a conduction manner; one side of the laser group is provided with a laser beam combining unit; an optical two-dimensional scanning element is arranged on one side of the laser beam combining unit; the data acquisition control module is in conduction connection with a detector control module and an industrial personal computer; the detector control module is connected with an outer detector in a conduction mode; and one side of the data acquisition control module is also provided with a light beam collection focusing module.
Furthermore, the optical two-dimensional scanning element comprises two rotating shafts, and a reflecting mirror is arranged on each of the two rotating shafts.
Further, the two reflector plates are perpendicular to each other.
Furthermore, the laser beam combining unit is arranged on one side of the light beam emitted by the laser group and used for coupling the light beam emitted by the laser group to form highly-overlapped combined light.
Furthermore, the optical two-dimensional scanning element is arranged on one side of the laser beam combining unit, which emits the combined beam light, and is used for reflecting the combined beam light.
Further, the reflective material is disposed on the ground.
The utility model discloses a motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device and detection method based on laser multidimensional space scanning adopts laser quick multidimensional space scanning technique, can be used for the high-efficient detection of whole lane, not only shows improvement vehicle capture rate, can know tail gas plume diffusion profile spatial distribution characteristic moreover, has improved the accuracy of detection; the tail gas temperature is calibrated in real time, the accuracy of tail gas concentration measurement is further improved, and cold start vehicles can be identified in an auxiliary mode; the diffuse reflection light path has stronger stability and strong ground vibration resistance; the method can measure the absolute total exhaust emission based on mileage, and provides important information for exhaust emission reduction decisions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional scanning element;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the exhaust scanning area when the two-dimensional scanning beam passes through the exhaust;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of beam splitting and exhaust gas detection when a two-dimensional scanning beam passes through the exhaust gas.
In the figure, a laser driving unit-101, a laser group-102, a laser beam combining unit-103, an optical two-dimensional scanning element-104, a light beam collecting and focusing module-105, a reflecting material-106, an infrared detector-107, a detector control module-108, a data acquisition control module-109 and an industrial personal computer-110; an exhaust pipe-200, discharged tail gas-201, a rectangular scanning area-202 and a two-dimensional scanning light beam 203; scanning a light beam-301, a tiny light column-302, vehicle tail gas-303 and scanning a certain cross section-304 on the ground; a rotating shaft-104.1, a reflecting mirror-104.2, a target scanning surface-104.3 and a laser beam-104.4.
Detailed Description
The following describes the remote sensing device for detecting vehicle exhaust gas based on laser multidimensional space scanning and the detection method thereof in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device based on laser multidimensional space scanning comprises a laser driving unit 101, a data acquisition control module 109, and a reflective material 106; the laser driving unit 101 is connected with a laser group 102 in a conducting manner; a laser beam combining unit 103 is arranged on one side of the laser group 102; an optical two-dimensional scanning element 104 is arranged on one side of the laser beam combining unit 103; the data acquisition control module 109 is in conductive connection with a detector control module 108 and an industrial personal computer 110; the detector control module 108 is conductively connected with an outer detector 107; a light beam collecting and focusing module 105 is also arranged on one side of the data acquisition control module 109; the optical two-dimensional scanning element 104 comprises two rotating shafts 104.1, and a reflecting lens 104.2 is arranged on each of the two rotating shafts 104.1; the two reflector plates 104.2 are vertical to each other; the laser beam combining unit 103 is arranged on one side of the light beam emitted by the laser group 102 and is used for coupling the light beam emitted by the laser group 102 to form highly-coincident combined light; the optical two-dimensional scanning element 104 is arranged on one side of the laser beam combining unit 103, which emits the combined beam light, and is used for reflecting the combined beam light; the reflective material 106 is disposed on the ground.
In practical use, the utility model discloses a use method specifically contains following step:
a. a tester operates the laser driving unit 101 to control the laser group 102 to emit the target absorption wavelength of each component to be tested; the laser driving unit 101 comprises a laser current driver and a temperature driver, and controls the laser group 102 to scan and emit the characteristic absorption wavelength of the component to be measured by controlling the working current and the working temperature of the laser group 102, so that on one hand, the laser group 102 can be ensured to normally work in a target wavelength range in various environments, and on the other hand, the laser group 102 is loaded with a high-frequency modulation signal, so that the tail gas can be rapidly measured; the laser group 102 comprises a plurality of tunable infrared lasers, the plurality of lasers can be modulated in a time-sharing manner by adopting an electronic time sequence modulation mode, time-sharing emission and detection of all the lasers are controlled, the plurality of lasers only need to share one broadband detector capable of simultaneously responding to the wavelengths of all the lasers, and the plurality of lasers can be grouped in a combination manner according to the difference of the wavelength ranges of the lasers, wherein the lasers with the approximate wavelengths can be grouped into one group, and each group of lasers are modulated in a time-sharing manner and share one narrow-band detector capable of responding to each group of lasers;
b. the laser combination unit 103 comprises a plurality of semi-transparent and semi-reflective beam combination lenses, each lens is used for transmitting and reflecting lasers with different wavelengths, wherein the transmission surface of each lens is plated with an antireflection film and is used for transmitting the laser with longer emission wavelength, the reflection surface of each lens is plated with a high-reflection film and is used for reflecting the laser with shorter emission wavelength, the transmission surface and the reflection surface of each lens are respectively opposite to the reflection surface and the transmission surface of the adjacent lens, and the array of the lenses can realize the high coupling of the light beams of the plurality of lasers;
c. after being highly reflected by an optical two-dimensional scanning element 104, the combined beam light formed by the coupling of the laser beam combining unit 103 rapidly scans the ground back and forth downwards in a two-dimensional scanning mode and forms a two-dimensional scanning area on the ground; the optical scanning element 104 may adopt a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer or a combination of a plurality of polygonal rotating prisms, etc., wherein the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer includes two reflective mirrors 104.2 which rotate precisely and rapidly, the rotating shafts 104.1 of the two reflective mirrors 104.2 are distributed vertically (rotating shaft 104.1-X and rotating shaft 104.1-Y), and by controlling the scanning speed and scanning amplitude of the two reflective mirrors 104.2, the laser beam 104.4 can scan the target scanning surface 104.3 rapidly and two-dimensionally, thereby realizing road full coverage, wherein the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer may adopt a two-dimensional surface array scanning mode, that is, the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer is linearly and conically scanned back and forth along the two sides of the road in a labyrinth shape, and the scanning area is in a square labyrinth shape;
d. the scanning beam forms diffuse reflection light after being diffusely reflected by a reflecting material 106 laid on the ground and is reflected to a beam collection and focusing module 105; the size of a reflective belt formed by the reflective material 106 can be enough to cover a road surface scanning area, the reflective belt is laid on the ground and used for diffusely reflecting the light beam passing through the tail gas to the light beam collecting telescope, when the light intensity energy emitted by laser is high, the ground can be directly selected as a diffusely reflecting reflective material, compared with mirror reflection, the stability of the large-spot light beam generated by the diffusely reflecting reflective material can be greatly improved although the diffusely reflecting reflective efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the diffusely reflective material is convenient to install and small in loss;
e. the diffusely reflected light collected by the beam collection and focusing module 105 is focused onto the infrared detector 107; the light beam is collected focus module 105 and is adopted reflective Newton's telescope, compares in ground mirror reflection, and diffuse reflection material low reflection efficiency leads to the light intensity loss after the diffuse reflection serious, collects scattered light signal for the maximize, the utility model discloses a reflective Newton's telescope realizes that laser diffuse reflection facula collects the maximize.
f. The infrared detector 107 is controlled by the detector control module 108 and transmits the detected tail gas signal to the data acquisition control module 109; the infrared detector 107 can select a broadband detector covering wavelength response of all lasers according to a laser time domain modulation mode, and can also select a plurality of narrow-band detectors covering wavelength response ranges of a plurality of groups of lasers corresponding to the time domain modulation modes of the plurality of groups of lasers, and because the wavelengths of the lasers are extremely narrow and the wavelengths are modulated, the detectors do not need to be filtered by a filter; the detector control module 108 controls the temperature of the infrared detector 107 in a multi-stage electric heating refrigeration mode to ensure that the infrared detector 107 can work normally;
g. the data acquisition control module 109 analyzes and calculates the exhaust gas signal, the industrial personal computer 110 displays the exhaust gas detection result, and the detector records the detection result for further analysis.
As shown in fig. 3, when a vehicle passes through, the exhaust pipe 200 discharges exhaust gas 201 and diffuses backward to form an irregular smoke plume, the two-dimensional scanning beam 203 continuously scans the diffused exhaust gas smoke plume and forms a rectangular scanning area 202 on a road, the scanning area is composed of a plurality of single scanning small light columns, the ground projection area of each scanning small light column is determined by the height of the scanning beam from the ground and the scanning angle of each step, the two-dimensional scanning beam detects the exhaust gas on all cross sections of a section of the diffusion distance of the smoke plume in all the exhaust gas, the running distance of the vehicle and the length of the exhaust gas emission smoke plume along the direction of the exhaust pipe can be considered to be consistent when the vehicle continuously runs, and therefore, the exhaust gas emission based on mileage can be further obtained by detecting the total content of the exhaust gas in the section of distance.
As shown in FIG. 4, with CO2Illustrating mileage-based CO in exhaust gas2The principle of absolute emission detection is similar to that of other components. Firstly, approximately dividing a scanning beam 301 in a two-dimensional scanning area into a plurality of tiny light beams 302, wherein each tiny light beam 302 corresponds to the scanning beam at a different position, and respectively detecting CO in each tiny light beam 302 when no vehicle passes2Background value, CO of all very small columns of light 3022The background values are summed as vehicle CO2A total background value; when the light of the vehicle passes through the light blocking area, the light beam in the two-dimensional scanning area is also divided into a plurality of tiny light beams 302 again, and some tiny light beams 302 do not pass through the tail gas 303 of the vehicle to the tail gasThe signal is not contributed, and the tiny light beams 302 passing through the vehicle exhaust 303 carry exhaust absorption signals according to the obtained CO in the exhaust in each tiny light beam 3022Based on the Lambertian theorem, the light intensity normalized harmonic detection signal of (1) is used for calculating CO in each minimum light column 3022Plume mass (unit is mol/cm)2) Introduction of CO into2The mass of the smoke plume is multiplied by the ground projection area of the minimum light beam 302 to obtain CO in the tail gas 303 of the vehicle in each minimum light beam 3022The number of moles (i.e., the number of gas molecules in a single very small light column 302), multiplied by CO2The molar mass of the carbon monoxide can obtain the CO in each tiny light column 3022Mass number, CO obtained from all very small columns 302 in a two-dimensional scan region2The mass number is added to obtain the CO in all tail gases in the length of the area2Total mass number of this CO2The total mass number corresponds to a section of exhaust gas in the length of the two-dimensional scanning area, and the exhaust gas CO based on mileage can be further obtained2Absolute emission mass.
Wherein the lambert beer theorem is:
wherein It refers to the residual transmitted light intensity after the monochromatic light is absorbed by the components; i0 denotes the initial intensity of monochromatic light; k is a molar extinction coefficient, a constant related to the wavelength of the absorbing component and the monochromatic light; b refers to the absorption optical path of the light absorbing component; c refers to the molar concentration of the light absorbing species; m iscMeans the mass of smoke plume, the unit is mol/cm2(ii) a T is the transmittance, which is the proportion of light that is not absorbed to the initial light intensity; a denotes absorbance.
The calculation formula of the mass number of the smoke plume of the exhaust in the ith minimum light beam 302 is as follows:
mi＝mc·si
wherein m isiThe mass number of the smoke plume of the tail gas in the ith minimum light beam 302 is expressed in mol; siRefers to the ground projection area of the ith tiny light pillar 302 (the projection area can be determined according to the x-axis scanning angle of each tiny light pillar 302 and the distance from the light source to the groundVertical distance calculation, the tiny light pillar 302 is approximately a cylinder); m iscRefers to the mass of the smoke plume of the tail gas in the ith tiny light beam 302, and the unit is mol/cm2.
The calculation formula of the total exhaust emission mass based on the vehicle mileage is as follows:
wherein EF refers to the total mass of exhaust emission based on the driving mileage of the vehicle, and the unit is g/km; mtotalThe value is the sum of the mass numbers of the tail gas plumes in all the tiny light beams 302, and the unit is g; and d refers to the distance traveled by the vehicle exhaust in the two-dimensional scanning area.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and although the present invention has been disclosed with the preferred embodiments, it is not limited to the present invention, and any skilled person in the art can make some modifications or equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, but all the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device based on laser multidimensional space scanning is characterized in that: the laser device comprises a laser driving unit (101), a data acquisition control module (109) and a reflecting material (106); the laser driving unit (101) is connected with a laser group (102) in a conduction manner; a laser beam combining unit (103) is arranged on one side of the laser group (102); an optical two-dimensional scanning element (104) is arranged on one side of the laser beam combining unit (103); the data acquisition control module (109) is in conductive connection with a detector control module (108) and an industrial personal computer (110); the detector control module (108) is in conductive connection with an outer detector (107); and a light beam collecting and focusing module (105) is also arranged on one side of the data acquisition control module (109).
2. The device for remotely sensing the tail gas of the motor vehicle based on the laser multidimensional space scanning as recited in claim 1, wherein: the optical two-dimensional scanning element (104) comprises two rotating shafts (104.1), and a piece of reflecting mirror (104.2) is arranged on each of the two rotating shafts (104.1).
3. The motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection device based on laser multidimensional space scanning of claim 2, characterized in that: the two reflector plates (104.2) are perpendicular to each other.
4. The device for remotely sensing the tail gas of the motor vehicle based on the laser multidimensional space scanning as recited in claim 1, wherein: the laser beam combination unit (103) is arranged on one side of a light beam emitted by the laser group (102) and is used for coupling the light beam emitted by the laser group (102) to form combined light with high coincidence.
5. The device for remotely sensing the tail gas of the motor vehicle based on the laser multidimensional space scanning as recited in claim 4, wherein: the optical two-dimensional scanning element (104) is arranged on one side of the laser beam combination unit (103) emitting the combined beam light and used for reflecting the combined beam light.
6. The device for remotely sensing the tail gas of the motor vehicle based on the laser multidimensional space scanning as recited in claim 1, wherein: the reflective material (106) is disposed on the ground.
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