CN212361985U - Coal fired boiler high temperature area smoke temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line measured data - Google Patents
Coal fired boiler high temperature area smoke temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line measured data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a coal fired boiler high temperature district smoke temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line actual measurement data, include: the system comprises a boiler, a screen type superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a temporary thermocouple group, a furnace top small chamber, a ceiling superheater, a wall-wrapping superheater and a data acquisition instrument; the furnace top small chamber is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, the ceiling superheater is positioned at the upper parts of the furnace chamber and the horizontal flue, and the wall-wrapping superheater is positioned around the horizontal flue. The utility model has the advantages that: the cost is low, the defect that the thermocouple cannot be used for a long time in a high-temperature environment is overcome, only a batch of thermocouples which are temporarily used for 5-15 days need to be installed, and compared with an optical and acoustic direct temperature measurement method, the cost is greatly reduced by more than 90%; flue gas temperature measuring points can be respectively arranged on a plurality of different flue sections in a high-temperature area, and the flue gas temperatures of the different flue sections can be accurately obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a coal fired power plant coal fired technology field especially includes a coal fired boiler high temperature district smoke temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line actual measurement data.
Background
At present, coal-fired power plant boilers develop towards the trend of high capacity and high parameter, and the safety and the economical efficiency of boiler operation are important concerns of researchers. The flue gas temperature at each heating surface of the boiler hearth has important significance for judging the safety of the metal pipe wall of the heating surface and the ash deposition state of the heating surface.
At present, a large coal-fired power station boiler is generally provided with flue gas temperature measuring points on heating surfaces such as an inlet and an outlet of an air preheater of a tail flue, an inlet and an outlet of an SCR denitration system, an inlet and an outlet of an economizer and the like; and a smoke temperature measuring point is also arranged at the inlet of the heating surface of the partial boiler, such as a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater and the like. However, in the front and back of the heating surface near the furnace outlet and the horizontal flue, such as the furnace outlet (especially in front of a platen superheater), the front and back of a high-temperature superheater, and the front and back of a high-temperature reheater, because the flue gas temperature is high and reaches 800-1000 ℃, a flue gas measuring point is not usually installed due to the deficiency of a corresponding measuring means. However, the measurement of the flue gas temperature at the high-temperature section has strong guiding significance for preventing the heating surface from tube explosion, optimizing the operation of the soot blower and the like.
The common direct measurement means of the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas comprises a contact type and a non-contact type. The non-contact measurement method mainly comprises an acoustic wave method and an optical method, but has the main problems that the measurement is influenced by a plurality of interference factors such as air flow, flame and the like, the measurement error is large, corresponding hardware and software equipment are expensive, and the installation and maintenance are difficult, so that the non-contact measurement method is usually only used for one section of a hearth outlet and has poor accuracy. The contact type measuring method is to install a thermocouple and other contact type temperature measuring equipment on a high-temperature heating surface, but because of the problems of high flue gas temperature, serious abrasion and the like, the thermocouple generally has short service life and cannot be used for a long time, so the contact type measuring method can only be installed on the pipe wall of the heating surface in a high-temperature area, namely the wall temperature is measured instead of the flue gas temperature.
The other method for obtaining the flue gas temperature of the high-temperature area is a soft measurement method, namely the flue gas temperature of each counter-flow heating surface is calculated and reversely deduced in a countercurrent mode through heat balance according to the heat balance formula of a semi-empirical semi-theory from the existing flue gas measured data of the tail heating surface through the standard method for calculating the heat of a boiler unit. However, the method has the problems that the horizontal flue is not only arranged outside the heating surface in the flue, but also comprises a ceiling superheater, a middle partition heating surface and surrounding wall heating surfaces, working medium parameters of the heating surfaces and the flue at corresponding positions usually have no measuring points, so that the influence of the heating surfaces is generally ignored in the heat balance calculation, and the calculated flue gas temperature has a larger error from an actual result. In addition, for judging the risk of tube explosion of the metal tube wall of the heating surface, the highest smoke temperature of the cross section is an important influence parameter; however, the working medium parameters at the steam-water side can only correspond to the left and right side flues, so the flue gas temperature obtained by heat balance calculation can only reflect the average flue gas temperature of the single side flue, and the highest flue gas temperature of the flue gas section cannot be calculated.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at overcoming the not enough among the prior art, provide a coal fired boiler high temperature district gas temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line actual measurement data.
The utility model provides a coal-fired boiler high-temperature area smoke temperature correction calculation method based on short-term off-line measured data; the flue gas temperature of the outlet of the hearth is actually measured through a high-temperature thermocouple and a data acquisition instrument which are installed in a short period, and a flue gas temperature calculation model of each section is established according to a thermal balance principle to obtain a calculated value of the flue gas temperature of the outlet of the hearth. Fitting the actually measured smoke temperature data and the calculated value to obtain a functional relation, and obtaining a more accurate corrected value of the smoke temperature at the outlet of the hearth in real time for a long time according to the functional relation and the calculated value of the smoke temperature; and obtaining the corrected value of the highest smoke temperature at the outlet of the hearth according to the actually measured smoke temperature distribution data.
This kind of coal fired boiler high temperature district smoke temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line measured data includes: the system comprises a boiler, a screen type superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a temporary thermocouple group, a furnace top small chamber, a ceiling superheater, a wall-wrapping superheater and a data acquisition instrument; the furnace top small chamber is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, the ceiling superheater is positioned at the upper parts of the furnace chamber and the horizontal flue, and the wall-wrapping superheater is positioned around the horizontal flue;
a platen superheater outlet section is arranged on a heating surface in the platen superheater outlet flue; a high-temperature superheater outlet cross section is arranged on a heating surface in the high-temperature superheater outlet flue; the on-line measuring point of the inlet flue gas temperature of the low-temperature superheater is arranged on the heated surface in the inlet flue of the low-temperature superheater, the on-line measuring point of the inlet flue gas temperature of the economizer is arranged on the heated surface in the inlet flue of the economizer, and the on-line measuring point of the outlet flue gas temperature of the economizer is arranged on the heated surface in the outlet flue of the economizer; the online measuring point of the low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature, the online measuring point of the economizer inlet flue gas temperature and the online measuring point of the economizer outlet flue gas temperature are all positioned in a tail flue of the boiler;
the boiler outlet is connected with a platen superheater inlet flue, a platen superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature superheater inlet flue, a high-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature reheater inlet flue, a high-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature superheater inlet flue, a low-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature reheater inlet flue, and a low-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with an economizer inlet flue;
a hearth outlet of the boiler is provided with a hearth outlet section, a temporary thermocouple group is arranged on the hearth outlet section, a smoke measuring hole group is arranged above the hearth outlet section and is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, and the smoke measuring hole group also penetrates through the small chamber at the top of the boiler and is communicated with the flue at the hearth outlet section; the smoke hole measuring groups are distributed along the outlet section of the hearth from the left side of the hearth to the right side of the hearth at equal intervals, and the probes of the temporary thermocouple groups extend downwards from the top of the hearth to the actual measurement positions of the smoke temperature test of the outlet section of the hearth through the smoke hole measuring groups; the non-probe end of the temporary thermocouple group is connected with a data acquisition instrument, and the smoke temperature data at the actual measurement position of the smoke temperature test is acquired in real time.
Preferably, 2-4 thermocouples are inserted into each smoke hole testing group.
The utility model has the advantages that: the cost is low, the defect that the thermocouple cannot be used for a long time in a high-temperature environment is overcome, only a batch of thermocouples which are temporarily used for 5-15 days need to be installed, and compared with an optical and acoustic direct temperature measurement method, the cost is greatly reduced by more than 90%; flue gas temperature measuring points can be respectively arranged on a plurality of different flue sections in a high-temperature area, and the flue gas temperatures of the different flue sections can be accurately obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of a boiler heating surface and a schematic diagram of the positions of relevant smoke temperature measuring points;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of arrangement of measurement points for the smoke temperature at the outlet of the furnace.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a boiler 1, a screen superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 2, an economizer inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 3, an economizer outlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 4, a temporary thermocouple group 5, a screen superheater outlet section 6, a high-temperature superheater outlet section 7, a furnace top small chamber 8, a ceiling superheater 9, a wall-wrapped superheater 10, a flue gas measuring hole group 11, an actual measurement position 12 for flue gas temperature test, a furnace outlet section 13 and a data acquisition instrument 14.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following description of the embodiments is merely provided to aid in understanding the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified in several ways without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and modifications also fall into the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
The utility model provides a coal fired boiler high temperature district smoke temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line actual measurement data, system, measurement station and the equipment that mainly relate to are shown as figure 1 and figure 2. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of a boiler heating surface and a schematic diagram of positions of relevant smoke temperature measuring points, and FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of smoke temperature measuring points at a hearth outlet.
Coal fired boiler high temperature district gas temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line measured data includes: the system comprises a boiler 1, a platen superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a temporary thermocouple group 5, a furnace top small chamber 8, a ceiling superheater 9, a wall-covered superheater 10 and a data acquisition instrument 14; the furnace top small chamber 8 is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, the ceiling superheater 9 is positioned at the upper parts of the furnace chamber and the horizontal flue, and the wall-wrapping superheater 10 is positioned at the periphery of the horizontal flue;
a platen superheater outlet section 6 is arranged on a heated surface in the platen superheater outlet flue; a high-temperature superheater outlet section 7 is arranged on a heating surface in the high-temperature superheater outlet flue; a low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 2 is arranged on a heated surface in a low-temperature superheater inlet flue, an economizer inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 3 is arranged on the heated surface in an economizer inlet flue, and an economizer outlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 4 is arranged on the heated surface in an economizer outlet flue; the online measuring point 2 for the inlet flue gas temperature of the low-temperature superheater, the online measuring point 3 for the inlet flue gas temperature of the economizer and the online measuring point 4 for the outlet flue gas temperature of the economizer are all positioned in a tail flue of the boiler 1;
an outlet of the boiler 1 is connected with an inlet flue of the platen superheater, an outlet flue of the platen superheater is connected with an inlet flue of the high-temperature superheater, an outlet flue of the high-temperature superheater is connected with an inlet flue of the high-temperature reheater, an outlet flue of the high-temperature reheater is connected with an inlet flue of the low-temperature superheater, an outlet flue of the low-temperature superheater is connected with an inlet flue of the low-temperature reheater, and an outlet flue of the low-temperature reheater is;
a hearth outlet section 13 is arranged at a hearth outlet of the boiler 1, a temporary thermocouple group 5 is arranged on the hearth outlet section 13, a smoke hole measuring group 11 is arranged above the hearth outlet section 13, the smoke hole measuring group 11 is positioned at the top of a horizontal flue, and the smoke hole measuring group 11 also penetrates through a small chamber 8 at the top of the boiler and is communicated with the flue at the hearth outlet section 13; the smoke measuring hole groups 11 are distributed along the outlet section 13 of the hearth from the left side of the hearth to the right side of the hearth at equal intervals, and the probes of the temporary thermocouple group 5 extend downwards from the top of the hearth to the actual measurement position 12 of the smoke temperature test of the outlet section 13 of the hearth through the smoke measuring hole groups 11; the non-probe end of the temporary thermocouple group 5 is connected with a data acquisition instrument 14.
2-4 thermocouples are inserted into each smoke measuring hole group 11.
Example (b):
taking a coal-fired boiler with a 1000MW cyclone burner as an example, the flue gas generated by burning the pulverized coal sequentially flows through a screen type superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater and an economizer from the outlet of the boiler. An online smoke temperature measuring point is arranged on a tail flue of the boiler and comprises a low-temperature superheater inlet smoke temperature online measuring point 2, an economizer inlet smoke temperature online measuring point 3 and an economizer outlet smoke temperature online measuring point 4. The steps of the utility model are as follows:
step 1, establishing a smoke temperature calculation model of each section according to a heat balance principle, and calculating to obtain smoke temperature calculation values of sections of a high-temperature area without an online smoke temperature measuring point.
1) According to the heat absorption condition of each heating surface of the boiler, a platen superheater and a high-temperature superheater are divided into radiation/semi-radiation heating surfaces, and a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer and a high-temperature reheater are divided into convection heating surfaces.
2) Considering that the flue gas temperature measuring point 2 exists at the outlet flue of the high-temperature reheater, the flue gas temperature measuring point can be utilized from the heating surface
And calculating the flue gas temperature of the inlet of the high-temperature reheater by using the linear working medium side parameters. The calculation method comprises the following steps:
for the convection heating surface, knowing the outlet flue gas temperature of the heating surface, the inlet parameters of the working medium side and the outlet parameters of the working medium side, and calculating to obtain the inlet flue gas enthalpy value H' of the heating surface:
in the above formula, h' is the enthalpy of the steam at the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of steam at the outlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the inlet flue gas of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the flue gas at the outlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; d is the flow of the working medium on the heating surface, and the unit is kg/s; phi is a heat retention coefficient which is the ratio of the heat absorbed by the working medium on the heating surface to the heat emitted by the flue gas; delta alpha is the air leakage coefficient;
the theoretical enthalpy of the cold air is KJ/Kg; bj is the fuel consumption, and the unit is Kg/s;
calculating the inlet flue gas temperature T according to the functional relation between the inlet flue gas enthalpy value H' of the heating surface and the inlet flue gas temperature T in the formula (2):
H'＝C0+C1T+C2T2+C3T3+C4T4+C5T5 (2)
in the above formula, C0, C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are all correlation coefficients and are obtained by consulting boiler performance test regulations; t is the inlet flue gas temperature of the heating surface and the unit is K;
3) the radiation and semi-radiation heating surfaces of the boiler are a platen superheater and a high-temperature superheater. Assuming the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth, calculating to obtain the effective coefficient of heat of the water-cooled wall and the direct radiation quantity at the outlet of the hearth, establishing a heat balance equation of the semi-radiation heating surfaces of the screen superheater and the high-temperature superheater, calculating the calculated value of the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth according to the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the high-temperature reheater, namely the section of the outlet of the high-temperature superheater, which is obtained by calculation in the previous step, and when the deviation between the calculated value
Then, the iteration can be finished to obtain the final calculated value Tf of the smoke temperature at the outlet of the hearthcal。
And 2, opening a smoke temperature measuring hole above the outlet section of the horizontal flue hearth of the boiler by using the boiler shutdown maintenance opportunity for actually measuring the smoke temperature. The flue gas temperature measuring hole is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue and is communicated with the hearth outlet flue 13 through the small chamber 8 at the top of the furnace. The furnace outlet section flue gas temperature measuring points can be distributed according to the width and the depth of a flue by an equal section grid method, as shown in figure 2. Taking the 1000MW boiler as an example, 8 flue gas measuring holes are formed in the position of the section of a flue gas outlet of a hearth at the top of a large cover of the furnace top, 3 temporary thermocouples are simultaneously inserted into each flue gas measuring hole to reach different depths of the section of a horizontal flue, 8 × 3 equals to 24 flue gas measuring points, and each thermocouple is connected with a data acquisition instrument 14 to acquire flue gas temperature data of each measuring point in real time.
And 3, actually measuring the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the hearth by using the temporary thermocouple, and acquiring a group of flue gas temperature data every 10s by using the data acquisition instrument, wherein the total acquisition time is 10 days, and then obtaining 86400 groups of flue gas temperature data at corresponding time by each measuring point. Averaging the data of 24 smoke measuring points at corresponding time to obtain 86400 groups of actually measured smoke temperature average values TfmData; the data of 24 smoke measuring points corresponding to the time is taken as the highest value to obtain 86400 groups of actually measured maximum values Tf of the smoke temperaturesm，max. And when the actual measurement of the smoke temperature is finished, the thermocouple is pulled out through the measuring hole.
The flue gas temperature corrected value can be obtained by the same method on the outlet section 6 of the platen superheater and the outlet section 7 of the high-temperature superheater.
The left side and the right side of the flue can be divided, and a left side flue gas temperature calculation value Tf is calculated according to working medium side parameters on the left side and the right side of the heating surface and known online flue gas parameters on the left side and the right side of the subsequent heating surface respectivelycal,lAnd the calculated right-side flue gas temperature Tfcal,rThe average value Tf of the smoke temperatures of 12 measuring points of the left flue is obtained by actual measurementm,lAnd the average value Tf of the smoke temperatures of 12 measuring points in the right side fluem,rAnd fitting with corresponding calculated values respectively to obtain a functional relation between the measured value and the calculated value of the smoke temperature of the single side respectively, so that the corrected value of the smoke temperature of the two sides can be calculated in real time.
The highest smoke temperature of the left and right cross sections of the flue can also be calculated in real time according to the same method.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a coal fired boiler high temperature district gas temperature testing arrangement based on short-term off-line measured data which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a boiler (1), a platen superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a temporary thermocouple group (5), a furnace top small chamber (8), a ceiling superheater (9), a wall-wrapped superheater (10) and a data acquisition instrument (14); the furnace top small chamber (8) is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, the ceiling superheater (9) is positioned at the upper parts of the furnace chamber and the horizontal flue, and the wall-wrapping superheater (10) is positioned around the horizontal flue;
a platen superheater outlet section (6) is arranged on a heating surface in the platen superheater outlet flue; a high-temperature superheater outlet section (7) is arranged on the heating surface in the high-temperature superheater outlet flue; a low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point (2) is arranged on a heated surface in a low-temperature superheater inlet flue, an economizer inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point (3) is arranged on the heated surface in an economizer inlet flue, and an economizer outlet flue gas temperature online measuring point (4) is arranged on the heated surface in an economizer outlet flue; the online measuring point (2) for the inlet flue gas temperature of the low-temperature superheater, the online measuring point (3) for the inlet flue gas temperature of the economizer and the online measuring point (4) for the outlet flue gas temperature of the economizer are all positioned in a tail flue of the boiler (1);
the outlet of the boiler (1) is connected with a platen superheater inlet flue, a platen superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature superheater inlet flue, a high-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature reheater inlet flue, a high-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature superheater inlet flue, a low-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature reheater inlet flue, and a low-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with an economizer inlet flue;
a hearth outlet section (13) is arranged at a hearth outlet of the boiler (1), a temporary thermocouple group (5) is arranged on the hearth outlet section (13), a smoke measuring hole group (11) is arranged above the hearth outlet section (13), the smoke measuring hole group (11) is positioned at the top of a horizontal flue, and the smoke measuring hole group (11) also penetrates through a small chamber (8) at the top of the boiler and is communicated with the flue at the hearth outlet section (13); the smoke measuring hole groups (11) are distributed along the outlet section (13) of the hearth from the left side of the hearth to the right side of the hearth at equal intervals, and the probe of the temporary thermocouple group (5) extends downwards from the top of the hearth to an actual measurement position (12) of a smoke temperature test of the outlet section (13) of the hearth through the smoke measuring hole groups (11); the non-probe end of the temporary thermocouple group (5) is connected with a data acquisition instrument (14).
2. The coal-fired boiler high-temperature zone smoke temperature testing device based on short-term off-line measured data according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2-4 thermocouples are inserted into each smoke measuring hole group (11).
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| CN113280359A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-20 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Method for reducing contamination of convection heating surface of n-shaped high-sodium coal boiler |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113280359A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-20 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Method for reducing contamination of convection heating surface of n-shaped high-sodium coal boiler |
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