CN212360234U - Two-stage centrifugal compressor for fuel cell - Google Patents
Two-stage centrifugal compressor for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN212360234U CN212360234U CN202021771557.2U CN202021771557U CN212360234U CN 212360234 U CN212360234 U CN 212360234U CN 202021771557 U CN202021771557 U CN 202021771557U CN 212360234 U CN212360234 U CN 212360234U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a two-stage centrifugal compressor for fuel cell, which comprises a turbine, a motor, a high-pressure stage compressor, a low-pressure stage compressor, a connecting pipeline and a fuel cell stack, wherein one end of a motor main shaft is connected with a high-pressure impeller, the other end of the motor main shaft is connected with the low-pressure impeller, the connecting pipeline is positioned between a gas outlet of the low-pressure stage compressor and an air inlet of the high-pressure stage compressor, and the gas outlet of the high-pressure stage compressor is connected with a cathode air inlet of the fuel; the turbine air inlet is connected with the cathode air outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the turbine and the high-pressure stage compressor are processed into a whole. The turbine utilizes the waste gas discharged by the fuel cell combustion, the rotating shaft drives the high-pressure stage compressor to compress the sucked air, the power consumption of the high-pressure stage compressor is reduced, the parasitic power of the fuel cell system is reduced, and the output power of the fuel cell is improved; the invention adopts a back-to-back integrated processing scheme of the turbine impeller and the high-pressure stage compressor impeller, reduces the volume and the weight of the system and realizes the purpose of compact system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrically driven air compressors, in particular to a two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell directly outputs electric energy through chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, the power density of the hydrogen fuel cell is directly related to the air supply pressure and the air supply flow of an air supply system, the air supply pressure is high, the oxygen partial pressure is high, the reaction speed of the fuel cell is accelerated, the output power is increased, and the pressure ratio of a compression system produced by overseas Honeywell can reach 4; the gas supply flow is large, the raw materials participating in chemical reaction are increased, and the output power is increased; at present, a fuel cell air compression supply system generally compresses air by directly driving a compressor through a motor. Along with improving fuel cell power density requirement, compression system pressure ratio constantly promotes, adopts the air compression system who uses commonly at present mainly to have two problems:
firstly, the power consumption of the compressor is increased due to the increase of the pressure ratio of the compression system. The fuel cell air compressor is driven by the electric energy output by the fuel cell, and after the two-stage air compressor is adopted, the power consumption of the compressor is increased, and the output power of the fuel cell is reduced. Meanwhile, the exhaust temperature of the fuel cell is about 100-200 ℃, the exhaust pressure is high, the exhaust has high energy, and the energy is not effectively utilized.
Second, the existing single-stage air compressor uses an exhaust turbine to recover exhaust energy, but for the two-stage compressor, the addition of the exhaust turbine results in difficult system integration and increased mass and volume.
The invention provides a fuel cell two-stage air compressor which is compact and efficient and can recover exhaust energy, is a key technology for reducing the power consumption of a fuel cell and improving the power density, and provides an exhaust turbine and a high-pressure stage air compressor back-to-back integrated processing and a two-stage air compressor integration scheme which can solve the problem of recovering the exhaust energy of the fuel cell and realize the purpose of compacting the whole compressor system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell, which can improve the fuel use efficiency by utilizing the waste gas of the fuel cell and realize system compactness through system integration.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell comprises a turbine, a motor, a high-pressure stage compressor, a low-pressure stage compressor, a connecting pipeline and a fuel cell stack, wherein the high-pressure stage compressor comprises a high-pressure impeller and a high-pressure volute;
the turbine comprises a turbine box and a turbine impeller, the turbine air inlet is connected with the cathode air outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the turbine and the high-pressure compressor are processed into a whole. The design scheme can be used for an air supply system of a medium-high pressure fuel cell, the turbine utilizes waste gas discharged by the combustion of the fuel cell, the rotating shaft drives the high-pressure compressor to compress sucked air, the air inlet pressure is improved, the purpose of compact system structure is realized by adopting an integration mode of the turbine and the high-pressure compressor, the problem of exhaust energy recovery during high-pressure ratio air supply of the fuel cell is solved by back integrated processing of the exhaust turbine and the high-pressure compressor and a two-stage compressor integration scheme, the parasitic power of the compressor is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, and the purpose of compact system structure is realized.
Preferably, the turbine outlet is connected with an exhaust control valve, and the opening and closing of the exhaust control valve adjusts the inlet pressure and the flow rate of the fuel cell stack. According to the exhaust flow of the fuel cell stack, the control system controls the opening size of the exhaust valve to regulate and control the air inlet pressure and flow of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the low-pressure impeller is a radial-flow impeller or a mixed-flow impeller, and the low-pressure volute is a circumferential annular outlet.
Preferably, the turbine box and the high-pressure volute are processed into a whole; the turbine impeller and the high-pressure impeller are processed into a whole.
Preferably, the high-pressure impeller is a radial-flow impeller or a mixed-flow impeller.
Preferably, the connecting pipeline is arranged on the circumferential side wall of the motor, and an intercooler is arranged in the connecting pipeline. The intercooler is used for cooling gas primarily compressed in the low-pressure stage compressor, the temperature of inlet air entering the high-pressure stage compressor can be reduced, meanwhile, the load of the motor is reduced, and the overall compression efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the connecting pipeline is an independent pipeline, a rotational flow device is arranged at the air inlet of the high-pressure volute, and gas compressed by the low-pressure stage compressor enters the high-pressure stage compressor impeller through the rotational flow device.
Preferably, the turbine is a radial turbine.
Preferably, the motor is a direct-drive motor, the voltage range of the direct-drive motor is 200 VDC-800V DC, and the rotating speed range of the direct-drive motor is 20 krpm-150 krpm.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the turbine utilizes the waste gas discharged by the fuel cell combustion, the rotating shaft drives the high-pressure stage compressor to compress the sucked air, the power consumption of the high-pressure stage compressor is reduced, the parasitic power of the fuel cell system is reduced, and the output power of the fuel cell is improved; the invention adopts a back-to-back integrated processing scheme of the turbine impeller and the high-pressure stage compressor impeller, reduces the volume and the weight of the system and realizes the purpose of compact system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a turbine 1, a turbine impeller 11, a turbine box 12, a motor 2, a high-pressure stage compressor 3, a high-pressure impeller 31, a high-pressure volute 32, a low-pressure stage compressor 4, a low-pressure impeller 41, a low-pressure volute 42, a connecting pipeline 5, an intercooler 51, a swirling device 52 and a fuel cell stack 6.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will serve to assist the public in understanding the invention, and the following description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments given by the applicant, and any changes in the definition of parts or features, or in the form of an overall structure, rather than essential changes, may be made to the invention as defined in the claims.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1: a two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell comprises a turbine 1, a motor 2, a high-pressure stage compressor 3, a low-pressure stage compressor 4, a connecting pipeline and a fuel cell stack 6, wherein the turbine 1 is a radial turbine.
As shown in fig. 2: the high-pressure stage compressor comprises a high-pressure impeller 31 and a high-pressure volute 32, wherein the high-pressure impeller 31 is a radial-flow impeller or a mixed-flow impeller.
The low-pressure stage compressor 4 comprises a low-pressure impeller 41 and a low-pressure volute 42, wherein the low-pressure impeller 41 is a radial-flow impeller or a mixed-flow impeller, and the low-pressure volute is a circumferential annular outlet.
The motor comprises a motor rotor and a stator, the motor main shaft is a rotor and is mechanically connected with a high-pressure stage compressor impeller and a low-pressure stage compressor impeller, one end of the motor main shaft is connected with the high-pressure impeller 31, the other end of the motor main shaft is connected with the low-pressure impeller 41, a connecting pipeline 5 is arranged between an air outlet of the low-pressure stage compressor 4 and an air inlet of the high-pressure stage compressor 3, the connecting pipeline 5 is an independent pipeline, a cyclone device 52 is arranged at the air inlet of the high-pressure volute 32, and gas compressed by the low-pressure stage compressor enters the high-pressure stage compressor.
The air outlet of the high-pressure stage compressor 3 is connected with the air inlet of the cathode of the fuel cell stack 6; the turbine 1 comprises a turbine box 12 and a turbine wheel 11, and the turbine inlet is connected with the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack 6.
The turbine 1 and the high-pressure stage compressor 3 are processed into a whole, which is mainly characterized in that a turbine box 12 and a high-pressure volute 32 are processed into a whole; the turbine wheel 11 and the high-pressure impeller 31 are integrally formed. The purpose of compact system structure is realized by adopting an integration mode of a turbine and a high-pressure compressor.
An air outlet of the turbine 1 is connected with an exhaust control valve, and the opening and closing of the exhaust control valve can adjust the air inlet pressure and the flow of the fuel cell stack 6. According to the exhaust flow of the fuel cell stack 6, the control system controls the opening size of the exhaust valve to regulate and control the inlet pressure and flow of the fuel cell stack.
The motor 2 is a direct-drive motor, the voltage adjustable range is 200 VDC-800V DC, and the rotating speed adjustable range is 20 krpm-150 krpm.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 1: a two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell comprises a turbine 1, a motor 2, a high-pressure stage compressor 3, a low-pressure stage compressor 4, a connecting pipeline and a fuel cell stack 6, wherein the turbine 1 is a radial turbine.
As shown in fig. 2: the high-pressure stage compressor comprises a high-pressure impeller 31 and a high-pressure volute 32, wherein the high-pressure impeller 31 is a radial-flow impeller or a mixed-flow impeller.
The low-pressure stage compressor 4 comprises a low-pressure impeller 41 and a low-pressure volute 42, wherein the low-pressure impeller 41 is a radial-flow impeller or a mixed-flow impeller, and the low-pressure volute is a circumferential annular outlet.
The motor comprises a motor rotor and a stator, the motor main shaft is a rotor, the motor main shaft is mechanically connected with a high-pressure stage compressor impeller and a low-pressure stage compressor impeller, one end of the motor main shaft is connected with the high-pressure impeller 31, the other end of the motor main shaft is connected with the low-pressure impeller 41, a connecting pipeline is arranged between an air outlet of the low-pressure stage compressor 4 and an air inlet of the high-pressure stage compressor 3, and an air outlet of the high-pressure stage compressor 3 is connected with a cathode air inlet;
the turbine 1 comprises a turbine box 12 and a turbine wheel 11, and the turbine inlet is connected with the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack 6. The turbine 1 and the high-pressure stage compressor 3 are processed into a whole. The turbine box 12 and the high-pressure volute 32 are processed into a whole; the turbine wheel 11 and the high-pressure impeller 31 are integrally formed.
An air outlet of the turbine 1 is connected with an exhaust control valve, and the opening and closing of the exhaust control valve can adjust the air inlet pressure and the flow of the fuel cell stack 6. According to the exhaust flow of the fuel cell stack 6, the control system controls the opening size of the exhaust valve to regulate and control the inlet pressure and flow of the fuel cell stack.
The connecting pipeline 5 is arranged on the circumferential side wall of the motor 2, and an intercooler 51 is arranged in the connecting pipeline. The intercooler is used for cooling gas primarily compressed in the low-pressure stage compressor, the temperature of inlet air entering the high-pressure stage compressor can be reduced, meanwhile, the load of the motor is reduced, and the overall compression efficiency is improved.
The motor 2 is a direct-drive motor, the voltage adjustable range is 200 VDC-800V DC, and the rotating speed adjustable range is 20 krpm-150 krpm.
In summary, the design scheme can be used for an air supply system of a medium-high pressure fuel cell, the turbine utilizes the waste gas discharged by the combustion of the fuel cell, the rotating shaft drives the high-pressure compressor to compress the sucked air, the air inlet pressure is improved, the exhaust energy recovery problem during the high-pressure ratio air supply of the fuel cell is solved through the back integrated processing of the exhaust turbine and the high-pressure compressor and the two-stage compressor integration scheme, the parasitic power of the compressor is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, and the purpose of compact structure of the system is realized.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention be considered as within the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell, characterized by: the high-pressure-level gas compressor comprises a turbine (1), a motor (2), a high-pressure-level gas compressor (3), a low-pressure-level gas compressor (4), a connecting pipeline (5) and a fuel cell stack (6), wherein the high-pressure-level gas compressor comprises a high-pressure impeller (31) and a high-pressure volute (32), the low-pressure-level gas compressor (4) comprises a low-pressure impeller (41) and a low-pressure volute (42), one end of a motor spindle is connected with the high-pressure impeller (31), the other end of the motor spindle is connected with the low-pressure impeller (41), the connecting pipeline is positioned between a gas outlet of the low-pressure-level gas compressor (4) and a gas inlet of the high-pressure-level gas compressor (3), and a gas; the turbine (1) comprises a turbine box (12) and a turbine impeller (11), the turbine air inlet is connected with the cathode air outlet of the fuel cell stack (6), and the turbine (1) and the high-pressure compressor (3) are processed into a whole.
2. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the turbine (1) is connected with an exhaust control valve, and the size of the opening and closing of the exhaust control valve adjusts the inlet pressure and flow size of the fuel cell stack (6).
3. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-pressure impeller (41) is a radial-flow impeller or a mixed-flow impeller and the low-pressure volute is a circumferential annular outlet.
4. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that said turbine case (12) is machined in one piece with a high-pressure volute (32); the turbine impeller (11) and the high-pressure impeller (31) are processed into a whole.
5. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-pressure impeller (31) is a radial-flow impeller or a mixed-flow impeller.
6. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterised in that the connecting lines (5) are provided on the circumferential side wall of the electric machine (2), in which connecting lines an intercooler (51) is provided.
7. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the connecting line (5) is a single line, a swirl device (52) is provided at the air inlet of the high-pressure volute (32), and the gas compressed by the low-pressure stage compressor enters the high-pressure stage compressor wheel via the swirl device (52).
8. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine (1) is a radial turbine.
9. A two-stage centrifugal compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor (2) is a direct drive motor having a voltage in the range of 200 VDC-800V DC and a speed in the range of 20 krpm-150 krpm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021771557.2U CN212360234U (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2020-08-24 | Two-stage centrifugal compressor for fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021771557.2U CN212360234U (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2020-08-24 | Two-stage centrifugal compressor for fuel cell |
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| CN202021771557.2U Active CN212360234U (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2020-08-24 | Two-stage centrifugal compressor for fuel cell |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113048079A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-29 | 西安交通大学 | Air supercharging device with back-to-back type impellers |
| DE102021128753A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2023-05-04 | Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh | Compressor arrangement for a fuel cell system, in particular for a fuel cell system for commercial vehicles |
-
2020
- 2020-08-24 CN CN202021771557.2U patent/CN212360234U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113048079A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-29 | 西安交通大学 | Air supercharging device with back-to-back type impellers |
| DE102021128753A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2023-05-04 | Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh | Compressor arrangement for a fuel cell system, in particular for a fuel cell system for commercial vehicles |
| WO2023078880A1 (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-05-11 | Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh | Compressor assembly for a fuel cell system, more particularly for a fuel cell system for utility vehicles |
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