CN212359953U

CN212359953U - Four-stroke engine

Info

Publication number: CN212359953U
Application number: CN202020810752.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙鑫
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-05-15
Filing date: 2020-05-15
Publication date: 2021-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2030-05-15

Abstract

The invention discloses a four-stroke engine which comprises a frame, a cylinder body assembly, pistons, a connecting rod assembly and a crankshaft assembly and is characterized in that each piston is connected with the connecting rod assembly, the connecting rod assembly comprises an upper connecting rod, a middle connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, the upper connecting rod is hinged with the piston, the lower connecting rod is hinged with the crankshaft assembly, the other ends of the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively hinged with the middle connecting rod, the other end of the middle connecting rod is hinged with the frame, the connecting rod assembly is provided with an adjusting device, and the adjusting device can change the stroke position of the piston to adjust the compression ratio of the engine. The invention can obviously improve the economy of the engine.

Description

Four-stroke engine

The technical field is as follows:

the utility model relates to a technical field of automobile manufacturing, more specifically the utility model relates to a four-stroke engine that says so.

Background art:

the automobile engine is a reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine, and is an automobile power device which converts chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy of piston motion and outputs power to the outside. It generally comprises an engine body and at least one cylinder. With the rapid development of science and technology, people put higher technical requirements on the structure and application of an automobile engine. In the current market, because the structure is not reasonable, the internal parts of the automobile engine are easy to be damaged, so that the application economy of the automobile engine is difficult to meet the requirements of people. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign an engine with better performance to solve the above problems.

The utility model has the following contents:

the utility model provides a four-stroke engine improves the performance of engine, reduces the vibration damage, improves automobile engine's economic nature.

The utility model adopts the following technical proposal: a four-stroke engine comprises a frame, a cylinder assembly, pistons, a connecting rod assembly and a crankshaft assembly, and is characterized in that each piston is connected with the connecting rod assembly, the connecting rod assembly comprises an upper connecting rod, a middle connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, the upper connecting rod is hinged with the piston, the lower connecting rod is hinged with the crankshaft assembly, the other ends of the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively hinged with the middle connecting rod, the other end of the middle connecting rod is hinged with the frame, and the connecting rod assembly is provided with an adjusting device which can change the stroke position of the piston to adjust the compression ratio of the engine.

This is a four-cylinder engine, which differs from the conventional engine mainly in that: the connecting rod assembly has one regulator to regulate the length or angle of the connecting rod and the stroke of the piston to change the compression ratio of the engine. The utility model discloses use middle connecting rod, not only be favorable to controlling the movement track of connecting rod, the lever arm of force and the angle change through middle connecting rod have still improved the output for the explosive force of engine is stronger.

Preferably, all of the upper connecting rods move on one side of the piston center interface. The engine is characterized in that an upper connecting rod of each connecting rod assembly is hinged with a piston, the moving range of the upper connecting rod of each cylinder cannot exceed the central interface of the piston, namely, the included angle R between the upper connecting rod of each cylinder and the end surface of the piston is always larger than 90 degrees or smaller than 90 degrees, the stress of each piston and the upper connecting rod is always in one direction and cannot be subjected to bidirectional alternating stress, so that the vibration and the shake of the engine are reduced, and the operation is more stable.

Preferably, the adjusting device of the intermediate link is: and a mechanical telescopic mechanism is arranged on the middle connecting rod or the lower connecting rod, the mechanical telescopic mechanism is of a nut-screw structure, and the nut or the screw is driven by a motor. The motor-driven nut or screw structure is the most commonly used telescopic mechanism which is most convenient to control, and can be replaced by a similar structure, the length of the middle connecting rod or the lower connecting rod is adjusted through the motor-driven nut or screw to change the stroke of the piston, and the compression ratio of the engine is adjusted.

Preferably, the adjusting device of the intermediate link is: a crank wheel is arranged at a hinged point of the middle connecting rod and the rack, the crank wheel is rotatably connected with the rack, the middle connecting rod is hinged on the crank wheel, and the crank wheel is driven by a motor. The motor drives the crank wheel to rotate, so that the position of a hinge point of the middle connecting rod is changed, the stroke of the piston is changed through the upper connecting rod, and the compression ratio of the engine is adjusted.

Preferably, the adjusting device of the connecting rod assembly is: a crank wheel is arranged at the hinged position of the middle connecting rod and the upper connecting rod or the lower connecting rod, the upper connecting rod or the lower connecting rod is hinged on the crank wheel, and the crank wheel is driven by a motor. The motor drives the crank wheel to rotate, so that the hinge point of the upper connecting rod or the lower connecting rod is changed, the stroke of the piston is further changed, and the compression ratio of the engine is adjusted.

Preferably, the adjusting device of the connecting rod assembly is: the hinged end of the upper connecting rod or the lower connecting rod and the middle connecting rod is provided with a crank wheel, the middle connecting rod is hinged on the crank wheel, and the crank wheel is driven by a motor. The motor drives the crank wheel to rotate, so that the hinge point of the upper connecting rod or the lower connecting rod is changed, the stroke of the piston is further changed, and the compression ratio of the engine is adjusted.

Preferably, the adjusting device of the connecting rod assembly is: one end of the middle connecting rod is hinged with a variable connecting rod, the other end of the variable connecting rod and the auxiliary connecting rod are hinged on the rack together, the other end of the auxiliary connecting rod and the middle of the middle connecting rod are hinged on the end part of the lower connecting rod together, a screw rod and a nut are arranged in the middle of the variable connecting rod and are in threaded connection, and the nut is driven by a motor. The motor drives the nut to rotate, the length of the screw rod is changed, the angle of the middle connecting rod is further changed, the stroke of the piston is changed through the upper connecting rod, and the compression ratio of the engine is adjusted. The adjusting structure only adjusts the stroke of the piston, has little influence on the horizontal displacement of the connecting rod assembly and is more convenient.

Preferably, an oil supply hole is formed in one side, away from the upper connecting rod, of the piston, the oil supply hole is communicated with the outer wall of the piston, and an oil drainage groove is formed in the outer wall of the piston. The outer wall of one side of the piston, which is far away from the upper connecting rod, is the place where the stress and the abrasion of the piston are the most serious, and a special oil supply hole and an oil drainage groove are arranged, so that the lubrication and the cooling of the piston can be ensured, and the service life of the piston is prolonged.

Preferably, the outer ring of the upper part of the piston is provided with a sealing ring, the sealing rings are of two groups of structures in parallel, each sealing ring is provided with an opening, the middle part of each sealing ring is provided with a positioning bulge matched with the opening, and the bulges of the two groups of sealing rings are respectively embedded into the openings of the two opposite sides. The sealing rings of the piston are of two groups of side-by-side structures, and the bulges of the sealing rings are respectively embedded into the other opening, so that the sealing effect of the piston is further improved, and the possibility of rotation of the opening is also ensured.

Preferably, the water cooling device inside the cylinder of the cylinder assembly is: the middle part of the cylinder body is in a one-way spiral groove structure from the water inlet to the water outlet. Therefore, the short circuit of the cooling water in the hollow cavity from the water inlet to the water outlet is avoided, and the cooling effect of the cylinder body is not influenced.

Preferably, the upper part of the cylinder block assembly is a cylinder cover, a common air chamber is arranged above the cylinder cover, the common air chamber is communicated with the cylinder through a main air valve on the cylinder cover, the common air chamber is provided with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and the main air valve, the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are respectively connected with the crankshaft through a transmission mechanism; the air inlet valve is connected with the booster air pump, and the exhaust valve is connected with the exhaust device. The structure is mainly characterized in that under the condition of pressurization, the main air valve is a common air valve, the common air chamber is used by compressed air and tail gas alternately, and the common air chamber can preheat inlet air, increase the temperature of mixed gas and improve the combustion condition of gasoline.

Ignition sequence for a four-stroke engine using the common air chamber: igniting and exploding in the fuel direct injection cylinder to push the piston to do work downwards, closing the main air valve, and opening the main air valve and the exhaust valve before the piston moves downwards to be close to the bottom dead center; tail gas of the piston ascending is discharged through the main air valve, the common air chamber and the exhaust valve, so that the common air chamber is heated; opening an air inlet valve before the piston moves upwards to be close to the top dead center, filling a common air chamber with compressed air to exhaust tail gas, simultaneously heating, closing an exhaust valve when the piston moves downwards, sucking air in a cylinder, and directly injecting fuel oil into the cylinder to mix into combustible gas; the piston moves upwards after descending the lower dead point, and the main air valve and the air inlet valve are closed to compress the mixed gas; the piston does work downwards when reaching the upper dead point; completing the four strokes. The first characteristic is that two are advanced, before the piston works and runs to the bottom dead center, the main air valve and the exhaust valve are opened when the piston moves downwards; opening an air inlet valve before the piston exhausts and runs to the top dead center, and forcibly exhausting tail gas; the second feature is a four-stroke, main valve opening and closing only once.

Since the technical scheme is adopted, the utility model provides a pair of engine has such beneficial effect: the economical four-stroke engine with better performance is provided by combining and innovating structures such as a connecting rod, an air valve and the like.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a third schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a fourth structural diagram of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the angle (R) of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the piston of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 6 according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the cylinder assembly according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the engine comprises a frame 2, a cylinder assembly 3, a piston 4, a crankshaft assembly 5, an upper connecting rod 6, a middle connecting rod 7, a lower connecting rod 8, a crank wheel 9, a variable connecting rod 10, an auxiliary connecting rod 11, an oil supply hole 12, an oil drain groove 13, a sealing ring 14, a bulge 15, a water inlet 16, a water outlet 17, a cylinder cover 18, a common air chamber 19, a main air valve 20, an air inlet valve 21 and an exhaust valve.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by the skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are given solely for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and thereby implement the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

The technical solution of the present invention will be further elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 5, a four-stroke engine includes a frame 1, a cylinder assembly 2, a piston 3, a connecting rod assembly and a crankshaft assembly 4; the upper part of the cylinder body assembly 2 is a cylinder cover 17, a common air chamber 18 is arranged above the cylinder cover 17, the common air chamber 18 is communicated with a cylinder through a main air valve 19 on the cylinder cover 17, the common air chamber 18 is provided with an air inlet valve 20 and an air outlet valve 21, and the main air valve 19, the air inlet valve 20 and the air outlet valve 21 are respectively connected with a crankshaft through a transmission mechanism; the air inlet valve 20 is connected with a booster air pump, and the air outlet valve 21 is connected with an air outlet device; each piston 3 is connected with a connecting rod assembly, the connecting rod assembly comprises an upper connecting rod 5, a middle connecting rod 6 and a lower connecting rod 7, one end of the upper connecting rod 5 is hinged with the piston 3, the other end of the upper connecting rod 5 is hinged with a crank wheel 8, the crank wheel 8 is connected with a servo motor, one end of the middle connecting rod 6 is eccentrically hinged with the crank wheel 8, one end of the lower connecting rod 7 is hinged with the crankshaft assembly 4, the other end of the lower connecting rod 7 is hinged with the middle connecting rod 6, and the other end of the middle connecting rod 6 is hinged with the rack 1.

When the engine works, the mixed gas in the cylinder deflagrates to push the piston 3 to do work downwards, at the moment, the main air valve 19, the air inlet valve 20 and the exhaust valve 21 are all closed, and the main air valve 19 and the exhaust valve 21 are opened before the piston 3 descends to be close to a bottom dead center; tail gas ascending the piston 3 is discharged through the main air valve 19, the common air chamber 18 and the exhaust valve 21, and the tail gas heats the common air chamber 18; the air inlet valve 20 is opened before the piston 3 moves upwards to be close to the top dead center, the common air chamber 18 is filled with compressed air to forcibly exhaust tail gas, the temperature of the inlet air is increased, the piston 3 starts to move downwards to close the exhaust valve 21, air is sucked into the cylinder, and fuel oil is directly injected into the cylinder to be mixed into combustible gas; after the piston 3 moves downwards and is moved upwards after the bottom dead center, the main air valve 19 and the air inlet valve 20 are closed to compress combustible gas; the piston 3 moves downwards to the upper dead point to do work, and four strokes are completed. The engine has the first characteristic that two are advanced, before the piston 3 works and runs to the bottom dead center, the main air valve 19 and the exhaust valve 21 are opened when the piston 3 descends; before the piston 3 exhausts and runs to the top dead center, the air inlet valve 20 is opened to forcibly exhaust tail gas; the second feature is a four-stroke cycle, the main valve 19 is opened and closed only once; the third characteristic is that the upper connecting rod 5 always runs on the left side of the central interface of the piston 3, namely the R angle is always larger than 90 degrees, so that the right side of the piston is worn more greatly with the cylinder wall, but only bears unidirectional force. When the compression ratio needs to be changed, the crank wheel 8 is driven by the servo motor to rotate to a specified angle, so that the stroke position of the piston 3 is changed by the change of the effective length of the upper connecting rod 5, and the compression ratio of the engine is changed. The engine with the variable compression ratio has the advantages that fuel oil can be combusted more completely, the fuel oil economy is improved better, and particularly in a turbo-supercharged engine, under the low-load working condition of low supercharging pressure, the compression ratio is improved to the same level as that of a naturally aspirated engine, namely a connecting rod assembly does not work; under the high-load working condition of high pressurization, the connecting rod assembly starts to work, the compression ratio is reduced, the fuel efficiency is high, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are improved.

The technical scheme is particularly suitable for a four-cylinder engine, and the main differences from the traditional engine are as follows: the connecting rod assembly is provided with an adjusting device which adjusts the length or the angle of the connecting rod and adjusts the stroke of the piston 3 to achieve the purpose of changing the compression ratio of the engine. The piston is stressed in one direction, and the service life is longer.

Embodiment two, combine fig. 2 and fig. 5, a four-stroke engine, the difference with embodiment 1 is: the crank wheel 8 is arranged on the middle connecting rod 6, and the upper end of the lower connecting rod 7 is eccentrically hinged with the crank wheel 8. Therefore, when the compression ratio needs to be changed, the servo motor drives the crank wheel 8 to rotate to a specified angle, so that the effective length and the angle of the lower connecting rod 7 are changed, the stroke of the piston 3 is changed, and the compression ratio is changed. The other structures and principles are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described in detail here.

Embodiment three, combine fig. 4 and 5, a four-stroke engine, the difference with embodiment 1 is: the crank wheel 8 is arranged on the frame 1, and the lower end of the middle connecting rod 6 is eccentrically hinged with the crank wheel 8. Therefore, when the compression ratio needs to be changed, the servo motor drives the crank wheel 8 to rotate to a specified angle, so that the effective length and the angle of the middle connecting rod 6 are changed, the stroke of the piston 3 is changed, and the compression ratio is changed. The other structures and principles are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described in detail here.

Fourth embodiment, with reference to fig. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8, a four-stroke engine differs from embodiment 1 in that: the intermediate link 6 is hinged with the variable link 9 and the auxiliary link 10 respectively, and the other ends of the variable link 9 and the auxiliary link 10 are hinged with the frame 1 together. Thus, when the compression ratio needs to be changed, the servo motor generates length change of the variable connecting rod 9, so that the angle of the intermediate connecting rod 6 is changed, the stroke of the piston 3 is changed, and the compression ratio is changed.

An oil supply hole 11 is formed in one side, far away from the upper connecting rod 5, of the piston 3, the oil supply hole 11 is communicated with the outer wall of the piston 3, and an oil drainage groove 12 is formed in the outer wall of the piston 3.

Wherein, the outer wall of piston 3 far away from upper connecting rod 5 one side is the place that piston 3 atress and wearing and tearing are the most serious, establishes special oil feed hole 11 and draining groove 12 here, can guarantee piston 3 lubrication and cooling, prolongs piston 3's life.

The outer ring of the upper part of the piston 3 is provided with a sealing ring 13, the sealing rings 13 are of two groups of side-by-side structures, each sealing ring 13 is provided with an opening, the middle part of each sealing ring 13 is provided with a positioning bulge 14 matched with the opening, and the bulges 14 of the two groups of sealing rings 13 are respectively embedded into the openings of the other side. The sealing rings 13 of the piston 3 are in a group of two structures which are arranged side by side, and the protrusions 14 of the sealing rings 13 are respectively embedded into the other opening, so that the sealing effect of the piston 3 is further improved, and the possibility of rotation at the opening is also ensured.

A spiral water jacket is arranged outside the cylinder body assembly 2, so that cooling water is guaranteed to enter from a water inlet 15 and be discharged from a one-way spiral water channel to a water outlet 16; the water cooling device avoids the short circuit of the cooling water in the hollow cavity from the water inlet 15 to the water outlet 16, and influences the cooling effect of the cylinder body;

in the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The four-stroke engine is characterized in that each piston is connected with the connecting rod assembly, the connecting rod assembly comprises an upper connecting rod, a middle connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, the upper connecting rod is hinged with the piston, the lower connecting rod is hinged with the crankshaft assembly, the other ends of the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively hinged with the middle connecting rod, the other end of the middle connecting rod is hinged with the frame, and the connecting rod assembly is provided with an adjusting device which can change the stroke position of the piston to adjust the compression ratio of the engine.

2. A four-stroke engine according to claim 1, wherein all of said upper connecting rods move on one side of the piston center interface.

3. A four-stroke engine according to claim 2, wherein the adjustment means of the linkage assembly is: and the middle connecting rod or the lower connecting rod is provided with a mechanical telescopic mechanism, the mechanical telescopic mechanism is of a nut-screw structure, and the nut or the screw is driven by a motor.

4. A four-stroke engine according to claim 2, wherein the adjustment means of the linkage assembly is: a crank wheel is arranged at the hinged position of the middle connecting rod and the upper connecting rod or the lower connecting rod, the upper connecting rod or the lower connecting rod is hinged on the crank wheel, and the crank wheel is driven by a motor.

5. A four-stroke engine according to claim 2, wherein the intermediate link adjustment means is: a crank wheel is arranged at a hinged point of the middle connecting rod and the rack, the crank wheel is rotatably connected with the rack, the middle connecting rod is hinged on the crank wheel, and the crank wheel is driven by a motor.

6. A four-stroke engine according to claim 2, wherein the adjustment means of the linkage assembly is: the hinged end of the upper connecting rod or the lower connecting rod and the middle connecting rod is provided with a crank wheel, the middle connecting rod is hinged on the crank wheel, and the crank wheel is driven by a motor.

7. A four-stroke engine according to claim 2, wherein the adjustment means of the linkage assembly is: one end of the middle connecting rod is hinged with a lead screw, an auxiliary connecting rod is arranged at the hinged joint of the middle connecting rod and the lower connecting rod, the other end of the auxiliary connecting rod is hinged on the rack, the auxiliary connecting rod is hinged with a lead screw at the hinged joint of the rack, the two lead screws are respectively in positive and negative threads and are connected by nuts, and the nuts are driven by a motor.

8. The four-stroke engine according to claim 2, wherein the piston is provided with an oil supply hole at a side thereof remote from the upper connecting rod, the oil supply hole opens into an outer wall of the piston, and the outer wall of the piston is provided with an oil drain groove.

9. The four-stroke engine according to claim 2, wherein the outer ring of the upper part of the piston is provided with two sealing rings in a group of two side-by-side structures, each sealing ring is provided with an opening, the middle part of the sealing ring is provided with a positioning bulge matched with the opening, and the bulges of the two sealing rings in the group are respectively embedded into the openings of the two sealing rings.

10. The four-stroke engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the upper part of the cylinder block assembly is a cylinder head, a common air chamber is arranged above the cylinder head, the common air chamber is communicated with the cylinder through a main air valve on the cylinder head, the common air chamber is provided with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and the main air valve, the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are respectively connected with the crankshaft through transmission mechanisms; the air inlet valve is connected with the booster air pump, and the exhaust valve is connected with the exhaust device.