CN212258962U - Air-to-ground data link communication device - Google Patents
Air-to-ground data link communication device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212258962U CN212258962U CN202021425249.4U CN202021425249U CN212258962U CN 212258962 U CN212258962 U CN 212258962U CN 202021425249 U CN202021425249 U CN 202021425249U CN 212258962 U CN212258962 U CN 212258962U
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Abstract
The application discloses an air-ground data link communication device, which comprises an airborne data link mechanism and a ground data link mechanism, wherein the airborne data link mechanism and the ground data link mechanism form communication; the airborne data chain mechanism is used for receiving and demodulating ground remote control instructions and transmitting the ground remote control instructions to an airborne central control machine, receiving working parameters of airborne equipment from the central control machine, and modulating and transmitting the working parameters to the ground data chain mechanism; the ground data chain mechanism is used for receiving and demodulating the telemetering information transmitted by the airborne equipment, transmitting the telemetering information to the ground control center, receiving the working control instructions of the platform and the loading equipment from the ground control center, and modulating and transmitting the working control instructions to the airborne data chain mechanism. The method and the device establish a reliable implementation basis for the air-ground communication data link, and the whole mechanism is integrally designed, so that the size is small, the weight is light, and the reliability is high; the raw and other materials of this application are ordinary goods shelves product, easily processing, and the installation overall arrangement is simple, can expand the application as required.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of microwave radio frequency, in particular to an air-ground data link communication device.
Background
When the unmanned aerial vehicle flies in the air, the unmanned aerial vehicle can not collect flight parameters without the support of communication equipment, and the basic requirement of the invention is to establish a data link between the aircraft and the ground communication. The attitude, position and speed information of the unmanned aerial vehicle is measured, the technical state, information transmission and the like of the airborne task equipment are measured, all the information is sent to a test command and comprehensive management system through air-ground communication, and a wireless data link communication system is used for bearing the air-ground communication task.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides an air-ground data link communication device, including an airborne data link mechanism and a ground data link mechanism, which form communication; the airborne data chain mechanism is used for receiving and demodulating a ground remote control command and transmitting the ground remote control command to an airborne central control machine, receiving working parameters of airborne equipment from the central control machine, and modulating and transmitting the working parameters to the ground data chain mechanism; the ground data chain mechanism is used for receiving and demodulating the telemetering information transmitted by the airborne equipment, transmitting the telemetering information to the ground control center, receiving the working control instructions of the platform and the loading equipment from the ground control center, and modulating and transmitting the working control instructions to the airborne data chain mechanism;
the airborne data chain mechanism comprises an antenna module and airborne equipment; the airborne equipment comprises an upper microwave front-end module and an upper transceiver module; the upper transceiver module and the upper microwave front-end module form communication through radio frequency signals; the antenna module and the airborne equipment form communication; the upper transceiver module is used for communicating with a central control machine on the airplane and transmitting telemetering data and remote control data of each device of the airplane;
the ground data link mechanism comprises a ground antenna, a lower microwave front-end module, a lower transceiver module and an antenna servo tracking module; the lower transceiver module and the ground control center form data communication; the lower transceiver module and the lower microwave front-end module form communication through radio frequency signals; the lower microwave front-end module is communicated with the antenna servo tracking module through a ground antenna; the antenna servo tracking module and the ground control center form data communication.
Furthermore, the upper microwave front-end module comprises a duplexer, a low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier module; the power amplifier module is used for receiving the radio frequency signal of the upper transceiver; the low noise amplifier is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal of the upper transceiver; the duplexer is connected with the low noise amplifier.
Further, the ground antenna includes an omni-directional antenna and a directional antenna.
Further, the lower microwave front-end module comprises a radio frequency switch, a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier module; the power amplifier module is used for receiving the radio frequency signal of the lower transceiver; the low noise amplifier is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal of the lower transceiver; the radio frequency switch is respectively connected with the low noise amplifier and the power amplification module; the radio frequency switch is used for selecting the ground antenna.
Furthermore, the upper transceiver module and the lower transceiver module both comprise a radio frequency channel and a signal processing unit.
Furthermore, the airborne equipment is provided with an airborne remote control and remote measurement interface which is used for communicating with a central control computer on the airplane and transmitting remote measurement data and remote control data of each equipment of the airplane.
Furthermore, the onboard remote control and telemetry interface adopts an asynchronous serial interface, and the electrical level is the RS422 standard.
Further, the ground data link mechanism includes:
the airborne remote control and remote measurement interface is used for communicating with the ground command control vehicle and transmitting remote measurement data and remote control data of each device of the airplane;
and the servo control interface is used for controlling the working mode of the antenna servo tracking module.
Furthermore, the airborne remote control and telemetry interface and the servo control interface both adopt asynchronous serial interfaces, and the electrical level is the RS422 standard.
Furthermore, a pitching mechanism and a rotating mechanism are arranged at the bottom of the antenna servo tracking module and used for adjusting the angle of the antenna servo tracking module.
The method and the device establish a reliable implementation basis for the air-ground communication data link, and the whole mechanism is integrally designed, so that the size is small, the weight is light, and the reliability is high; the raw and other materials of this application are ordinary goods shelves product, easily processing, and the installation overall arrangement is simple, can expand the application as required.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an onboard data link mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a ground data link mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
The air-ground data link communication device comprises an airborne data link device and a ground data link device which are respectively arranged on an airplane and a ground vehicle.
The two parts are both based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) architecture and are designed by adopting a UQPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) unbalanced modulation and demodulation technology; the system has a forward link remote control information transmission function and is used for transmitting various instructions sent to the working state of the airborne equipment by the ground command control center; the system has a return link telemetry information transmission function and is used for transmitting various telemetry data which are sent to a ground command control center by an airborne device and represent the working state of the airborne device; the function of bidirectional full duplex communication of a forward link and a return link is provided; the function of transparent transmission of the link is provided; the ground servo system is arranged, so that tracking and positioning of airborne equipment can be realized; the system requires a communication baud rate of not less than 9600 bps.
The ground data link mechanism comprises a ground antenna, a lower microwave front-end module, a lower transceiver module and an antenna servo tracking module; the lower transceiver module and the ground control center form data communication; the lower transceiver module and the lower microwave front-end module form communication through radio frequency signals; the lower microwave front-end module is communicated with the antenna servo tracking module through a ground antenna; the antenna servo tracking module and the ground control center form data communication. The lower microwave front-end module comprises a radio frequency switch, a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier module; the power amplifier module is used for receiving the radio frequency signal of the lower transceiver; the low noise amplifier is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal of the lower transceiver; the radio frequency switch is respectively connected with the low noise amplifier and the power amplification module; the radio frequency switch is used for selecting the ground antenna.
The ground data chain equipment is used for receiving and demodulating telemetering information transmitted by the airborne equipment, transmitting the telemetering information to the ground control center, receiving work control instructions of the platform and the load equipment from the ground control center, and modulating and transmitting the work control instructions to the airborne data chain equipment. From the link function point of view, the ground equipment and the airborne equipment are identical. And the ground equipment needs to be provided with a servo system to complete the tracking and positioning of the airborne data link equipment while sending instructions and receiving airborne information. The ground antenna consists of an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna, the omnidirectional antenna is used for near field communication or long-distance low-speed communication, and the line antenna is used for long-distance communication. The ground data chain equipment is shown in a block diagram in fig. 1.
The functions of each part are as follows: the microwave front end is a high-power component, and can realize power amplification of an output radio frequency signal of equipment and low-noise amplification of an input equipment signal. A radio frequency switch is added on the basis of the microwave front end of the airborne data chain equipment and is used for selecting an omnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna. The transceiver is the core of signal transceiving processing, and can perform frequency conversion, modulation and demodulation, data transceiving, data processing and the like on radio frequency signals. On one hand, modulation and up-conversion of the remote control signal are completed, and on the other hand, down-conversion, receiving demodulation and data processing of the telemetry signal are completed. The servo system consists of a servo control unit and an azimuth and elevation driving unit, can be controlled by an external computer through an interface, and can complete the tracking of the ground equipment directional antenna on the airborne equipment in a digital guide mode.
The airborne data chain mechanism comprises an antenna module and airborne equipment; the airborne equipment comprises an upper microwave front-end module and an upper transceiver module; the upper transceiver module and the upper microwave front-end module form communication through radio frequency signals; the antenna module and the airborne equipment form communication; the upper transceiver module is used for communicating with a central control machine on the airplane and transmitting telemetering data and remote control data of each device of the airplane.
The airborne equipment is integrally composed of two parts, namely an antenna integrating receiving and transmitting functions and an integrated airborne equipment. The integrated airborne equipment integrates a microwave front-end unit and a transceiver to complete the receiving and transmitting of signals. The upper microwave front-end module comprises a duplexer, a low-noise amplifier and a power amplification module; the power amplifier module is used for receiving the radio frequency signal of the upper transceiver; the low noise amplifier is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal of the upper transceiver; the duplexer is connected with the low noise amplifier.
The airborne data chain mechanism is used for receiving and demodulating ground remote control commands and transmitting the ground remote control commands to an airborne central control computer (distributed to all equipment on the aircraft), receiving working parameters of all equipment on the aircraft from the central control computer, and modulating and transmitting the working parameters to ground data chain equipment. The microwave antenna consists of an omnidirectional manual duplex antenna, a microwave front end, a transceiver and the like. As shown in fig. 2.
The functions of each part are basically the same as those of a ground data chain. The omnidirectional antenna has the characteristic of integrating receiving and transmitting, and can receive remote control signals and transmit remote measurement signals. The microwave front end is a high-power component of airborne equipment, and can realize power amplification of radio frequency signals output by the equipment and low-noise amplification of signals input by the equipment. The transceiver is the core of signal transceiving processing, and can perform frequency conversion, modulation and demodulation, data transceiving, data processing and the like on radio frequency signals.
The communication distance of the scheme related by the application can exceed 160 km. The working waveband of the whole device is an L waveband.
Transmission rate forward remote control rate: 200Kbps, return telemetry rate: 1 Mbps.
The working system is as follows: the forward remote control link adopts UQPSK modulation, and the power ratio of the remote control link to the small signal link is 9: 1; the return telemetry link adopts UQPSK modulation, and the power ratio of the telemetry link to the small signal link is 9: 1.
azimuth angle rotation range: n × 360 °. The pitch angle rotation range is-20 to +80 degrees. The working mode is as follows: manual, digital guidance; pointing accuracy: 10 mrad.
The method is based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) architecture, and is designed by adopting a UQPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) unbalanced modulation and demodulation technology; the airborne data link equipment adopts an integrated structure design, so that the installation and operation are convenient, and the weight of the equipment is reduced as much as possible. The microwave front end and the airborne transceiver can be directly integrated into a whole to form integrated airborne equipment. When the microwave front end is designed, the structure of the microwave front end is properly expanded according to the appearance and the installation size of an airborne transceiver, the installation position of the transceiver is reserved on the microwave front end, the transceiver and the microwave front end are integrated firstly, and then the transceiver is installed on the machine.
In order to realize the rapid unfolding and folding of the ground data link equipment, the integral structure of the ground equipment is designed into three separable main components, namely an antenna, a rotating body and a fixed body. The rotating body is a supporting structure of an antenna and a pitching motor, and the fixed body is a bearing structure of a microwave front end, a transceiver, a tracking receiver, a power amplifier, a power supply, a servo controller, a belief drive device and the like and is also an integral supporting structure of ground equipment. The antenna and the rotating body, and the rotating body and the fixed body are all in a plug-in structure.
The main bearing structure of the ground data chain equipment is a fixed body which is used as a rotating body support and simultaneously used as a mounting box body of ground servo and other measurement and control equipment. The fixing body is divided according to the use function and is provided with three independent separation structures, namely a rotary joint, a motor box and a comprehensive component box. The rotary joint is positioned at the central part of the case, and the continuous rotation in the direction of n multiplied by 360 degrees is realized. The motor box is mainly used for installing a servo system motor and a transmission mechanism. The comprehensive assembly box integrates a microwave front end, a transceiver, a tracking receiver, a servo controller, a power amplifier, a duplexer, a power panel and the like.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing embodiments, and various equivalent changes (such as number, shape, position, etc.) may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the equivalents are protected by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An air-ground data link communication device is characterized by comprising an airborne data link mechanism and a ground data link mechanism which form communication; the airborne data chain mechanism is used for receiving and demodulating ground remote control instructions and transmitting the ground remote control instructions to an airborne central control machine, receiving working parameters of airborne equipment from the central control machine, and modulating and transmitting the working parameters to the ground data chain mechanism; the ground data chain mechanism is used for receiving and demodulating telemetering information transmitted by the airborne equipment, transmitting the telemetering information to the ground control center, receiving working control instructions of the platform and the load equipment from the ground control center, and modulating and transmitting the working control instructions to the airborne data chain mechanism;
the airborne data chain mechanism comprises an antenna module and airborne equipment; the airborne equipment comprises an upper microwave front-end module and an upper transceiver module; the upper transceiver module and the upper microwave front-end module form communication through radio frequency signals; the antenna module is communicated with airborne equipment; the upper transceiver module is used for communicating with a central control machine on the airplane and transmitting telemetering data and remote control data of each device of the airplane;
the ground data link mechanism comprises a ground antenna, a lower microwave front-end module, a lower transceiver module and an antenna servo tracking module; the lower transceiver module and the ground control center form data communication; the lower transceiver module and the lower microwave front-end module form communication through radio frequency signals; the lower microwave front-end module is communicated with the antenna servo tracking module through a ground antenna; and the antenna servo tracking module and the ground control center form data communication.
2. The air-to-ground data link communication device of claim 1, wherein the upper microwave front end module comprises a duplexer, a low noise amplifier, and a power amplifier module; the power amplifier module is used for receiving the radio frequency signal of the upper transceiver; the low noise amplifier is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal of the upper transceiver; the duplexer is connected with the low noise amplifier.
3. The air-to-ground data link communication device of claim 1, wherein the ground antenna comprises an omni-directional antenna and a directional antenna.
4. The air-to-ground data link communication device of claim 3, wherein the lower microwave front-end module comprises a radio frequency switch, a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier module; the power amplifier module is used for receiving the radio frequency signal of the lower transceiver; the low noise amplifier is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal of the lower transceiver; the radio frequency switch is respectively connected with the low noise amplifier and the power amplification module; the radio frequency switch is used for selecting the ground antenna.
5. An air-to-ground data link communication device according to claim 1 wherein the upper transceiver module and the lower transceiver module each include a radio frequency channel and a signal processing unit.
6. The air-ground data link communication device according to claim 1, wherein the onboard equipment is provided with an onboard remote control and telemetry interface for communicating with a central control machine on the aircraft and transmitting telemetry data and remote control data of each equipment of the aircraft.
7. The air-to-ground data link communication device of claim 6, wherein the onboard telemetry interface is an asynchronous serial interface with a level of RS422 standard.
8. The air-to-ground data link communication device of claim 1, wherein the ground data link mechanism comprises:
the airborne remote control and remote measurement interface is used for communicating with the ground command control vehicle and transmitting remote measurement data and remote control data of each device of the airplane;
and the servo control interface is used for controlling the working mode of the antenna servo tracking module.
9. The air-to-ground data link communication device of claim 8, wherein the onboard telemetry interface and the servo control interface both use asynchronous serial interfaces with a level of RS422 standard.
10. The air-ground data link communication device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the antenna servo tracking module is provided with a pitching mechanism and a rotating mechanism for adjusting the angle of the antenna servo tracking module.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021425249.4U CN212258962U (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2020-07-17 | Air-to-ground data link communication device |
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| CN202021425249.4U CN212258962U (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2020-07-17 | Air-to-ground data link communication device |
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