CN212194223U

CN212194223U - SLM type 3D printer

Info

Publication number: CN212194223U
Application number: CN202020350356.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 霍兰田; 杨加兴
Original assignee: Sichuan Tianfu Lou Pu 3d Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Tianfu Lou Pu 3d Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-19
Filing date: 2020-03-19
Publication date: 2020-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-19

Abstract

The utility model discloses a SLM type 3D printer, it includes: the device comprises a forming cylinder assembly part, a feeding cylinder assembly part, an X-axis powder laying mechanism assembly part, a laser galvanometer assembly part and a sealed cabin assembly part; wherein: the sealed cabin assembly part comprises a working platform and a sealed cabin, and the sealed cabin is arranged above the working platform. The forming cylinder assembly part and the feeding cylinder assembly part are arranged below the working platform; the X-axis powder laying mechanism component part is positioned in the sealed cabin and is arranged along the directions of the forming cylinder component part and the feeding cylinder component part; the laser galvanometer component part is positioned at the top of the sealed cabin and right above the forming cylinder component part. The forming cylinder assembly part and the feeding cylinder assembly part are driven by a Z-axis driving mechanism to move up and down, and the forming cylinder assembly part comprises a forming cylinder barrel, a square sealing disc, a forming cylinder chassis, a forming cylinder bottom end cover, an electromagnet mechanism and a Z-axis driving mechanism. The design can improve the compactness of the device and is convenient for replacing the forming cylinder chassis.

Description

SLM type 3D printer

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a 3D printer, especially a structure of SLM type 3D printer.

Background

As one of the rapid prototyping technologies, the 3D printing technology is a technology for constructing an object by using an adhesive material such as powdered metal or plastic and by using a digital model file as a base and by printing layer by layer, and branches such as laser stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, etc. have been derived according to the type and use of consumables since birth. And SLS selective laser sintering and SLM selective laser melting are 3D printing technologies using laser as an energy medium, compared with the former, SLM uses laser to completely melt powder in the additive manufacturing process, and does not need an adhesive, so that the forming precision and mechanical properties are better than those of SLS, and the SLS selective laser sintering and SLM selective laser melting method has a great application prospect in the fields of medical treatment, automobiles, aerospace and the like. Taking the dental field as an example, the laser frequency of the SLM type 3D printer mainly at the implementation stage is between 200w and 500w, and the process layer thickness of the powder is mostly between 0.02mm and 0.05mm according to the actual laser spot energy and the melting temperature of the corresponding powder layer during working. Clearly, completing a print of a given quality at the maximum layer thickness can greatly improve shipping efficiency.

For the SLM type 3D printer, the influence factors of the printing quality comprise powder quality, powder layer uniformity, laser spot size, oxygen content in a sealed cabin and the like, and part of the influence factors can be controlled through some effective mechanism forms and special materials.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The invention of the utility model aims to: to the problems existing in the prior art, the SLM type 3D printer is provided, and the whole machine space utilization rate is improved, and meanwhile, the forming cylinder bottom plate is convenient and quick to take and place and is not easy to deform.

The utility model adopts the technical scheme as follows:

an SLM type 3D printer comprising: the device comprises a forming cylinder assembly part, a feeding cylinder assembly part, an X-axis powder laying mechanism assembly part, a laser galvanometer assembly part and a sealed cabin assembly part; wherein: the sealed cabin assembly part comprises a working platform and a sealed cabin, and the sealed cabin is arranged above the working platform. The forming cylinder assembly part and the feeding cylinder assembly part are arranged below the working platform; the X-axis powder laying mechanism component part is positioned in the sealed cabin and is arranged along the directions of the forming cylinder component part and the feeding cylinder component part; the laser galvanometer component part is positioned at the top of the sealed cabin and right above the forming cylinder component part.

The molding cylinder component part comprises a molding cylinder barrel, a square sealing disc, a molding cylinder chassis, a molding cylinder bottom end cover, an electromagnet mechanism and a Z-axis driving mechanism; wherein: the upper end of the forming cylinder barrel is fixed on the working platform, a square sealing disc is arranged at the contact part of the lower part of the working platform and the forming cylinder barrel, and a sealing ring A is arranged on the inner side of the square sealing disc; the lower end of the forming cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with a forming cylinder bottom end cover, and a space for the Z-axis driving mechanism to pass through is arranged on the forming cylinder bottom end cover. The Z-axis driving mechanism is fixed on the end cover of the bottom of the forming cylinder and extends into the cylinder barrel of the forming cylinder from the end cover of the bottom of the forming cylinder, the end part of the Z-axis driving mechanism extending into the interior of the cylinder barrel of the forming cylinder is connected with the electromagnet mechanism, the chassis of the forming cylinder is horizontally arranged at the top of the electromagnet mechanism, and the electromagnet mechanism is electrified and powered off to realize adsorption and release of the chassis of the forming cylinder.

To sum up, owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

1. compared with a guide rail sliding block type driving mode, one surface of the guide rail sliding block type driving mode is tightly attached to an equipment mounting base when the guide rail sliding block type driving mode is installed, and a bolt fixing mode is used.

2. This design adopts the adsorbed mode installation shaping jar chassis of electro-magnet for get put more swiftly, light, avoided the screw fastening to cause the condition of face micro-deformation, convenient leveling.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an SLM type 3D printer.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a molding cylinder assembly portion.

Fig. 3 and 4 are top and bottom views of the exploded view of the molded cylinder bore inner assembly, respectively.

Fig. 5 and 6 are structural diagrams of a forming cylinder assembly part and a feeding cylinder assembly part between a bottom end cover and a bottom plate, wherein fig. 6 is a structural diagram with a thrust ball bearing fixing seat removed.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a portion of the feed cylinder assembly.

FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of the X-axis powder laying mechanism component parts.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a laser galvanometer assembly portion and capsule assembly portion.

Fig. 10 is a partial structural view of a laser galvanometer assembly.

FIG. 11 is a partial block diagram of the capsule assembly.

FIG. 12 is a view showing the structure of a porous distribution plate.

Fig. 13 is a view showing the structure of the doctor holder.

Fig. 14 is a view showing a structure of the scraper.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example one

The present embodiment discloses an SLM type 3D printer, as shown in fig. 1, including a forming cylinder assembly portion 10, a supply cylinder assembly portion 20, an X-axis powder laying mechanism assembly portion 30, a laser galvanometer assembly portion 40, and a capsule assembly portion 50. Therein, the capsule assembly portion 50 includes a work platform 5014 and a capsule 5015, the capsule 5015 being disposed above the work platform 5014. The forming cylinder assembly portion 10, the feed cylinder assembly portion 20 are both disposed below the work platform 5014. The X-axis breading mechanism assembly section 30 is located within the capsule 5015 in the direction of the forming cylinder assembly section 10 and the feed cylinder assembly section 20. The laser galvanometer assembly portion 40 is located at the top of the capsule 5015, directly above the forming cylinder assembly portion 10.

As shown in fig. 2, the molding cylinder assembly portion 10 includes a molding cylinder tube 101, a square sealing disk 102, a molding cylinder base 1030, a molding cylinder base end cover 103, an electromagnet mechanism, and a Z-axis drive mechanism. Wherein:

the upper end of the forming cylinder barrel 101 is fixed on the working platform 5014, the square sealing disc 102 is arranged at the contact position of the lower portion of the working platform 5014 and the forming cylinder barrel 101, and inert gas in a cabin of the sealing cabin 5015 is prevented from escaping to the outer space from a gap between the forming cylinder barrel 101 and the working platform 5014 through extrusion of a sealing ring A (not shown) on the inner side of the square sealing disc 102. The lower end of the forming cylinder barrel 101 is fixedly connected with a forming cylinder bottom end cover 103, and a space for allowing the Z-axis driving mechanism to pass through is arranged on the sealing end cover 103.

The Z-axis driving mechanism is fixed on the forming cylinder bottom end cover 103 and extends into the forming cylinder barrel 101 from the forming cylinder bottom end cover 103, the end part of the Z-axis driving mechanism extending into the forming cylinder barrel 101 is connected with the electromagnet mechanism, the forming cylinder chassis 1030 is horizontally arranged at the top of the electromagnet mechanism, and the electromagnet mechanism is electrified and powered off to realize adsorption and release of the forming cylinder chassis 1030 (determined by selected electrified keeping type magnets or powered off keeping type magnets). Therefore, the forming cylinder chassis 1030 can obtain a whole working surface, the forming cylinder chassis 1030 is driven to move up and down through the Z-axis driving mechanism, and the forming cylinder chassis 1030 can be installed and taken out quickly through the electromagnet mechanism.

The electromagnet mechanism is in a disk shape to attract the forming cylinder base plate 1030 in a planar manner, thereby firmly attracting the forming cylinder base plate 1030 and stably maintaining the forming cylinder base plate in a horizontal state.

The material of the forming cylinder chassis 1030 cannot have the characteristic of being attracted by a magnet due to the special requirements of some materials during printing. Therefore, the bottom of the forming cylinder bottom plate 1030 is provided with a recess 1031, and the recess 1031 is embedded with a matched adsorption piece which can be adsorbed by a magnet. In one embodiment, the recess 1031 is in the form of a square ring and the corresponding absorbing member is a square ring strip 1029. The surface of the suction member is slightly lower than the surface of the forming cylinder base 1030.

In order to reduce the impact on the forming cylinder bottom end cover 103 when the electromagnet mechanism descends as much as possible, an anti-collision mechanism is arranged on the top surface of the forming cylinder bottom end cover 103. Such as a crash post, preferably made of an elastomeric material such as rubber.

Example two

The present embodiment discloses the structure of the electromagnet mechanism. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the electromagnet mechanism includes, from top to bottom, a forming cylinder positioning plate 1028, a heat insulating plate 1025, and a forming cylinder coupling plate 1024. A cylindrical positioning column 1036 is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the forming cylinder positioning disc 1028 and matched with a concave hole 1037 in the middle of the bottom surface of the forming cylinder bottom disc 1030; and a circle of wool felt A1026 is arranged on the outer side of the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028, and the wool felt A1026 is arranged on the side edge of the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028. A plurality of electromagnets are uniformly distributed in the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028. The forming cylinder base plate 1030 is attached to the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 to complete the installation and fixation. The heat insulation plate 1025 is made of heat insulation materials; wire passing grooves 1035 are formed in the heat insulation plate 1025, so that wiring harnesses of the electromagnets can be conveniently routed. The heat insulation plate 1025 and the forming cylinder coupling plate 1024 are provided with matched wiring harness through holes so as to facilitate the wiring harness to pass through. The side of the coupling disk 1024 of the forming cylinder is provided with a sealing ring 1023 for air tightness. The bottom of the forming cylinder coupling 1024 is connected with the top end of the Z-axis driving mechanism. In one embodiment, the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 is secured to the forming cylinder coupling plate 1024 by a plurality of screws, and the insulating plate 1025 is sandwiched between the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 and the forming cylinder coupling plate 1024 with corresponding screw passing holes on the insulating plate 1025.

The electromagnet can be selected as a power-off maintaining type magnet, the magnetism disappears when the magnet is powered on, the magnet has magnetism when the magnet is powered off, and the magnet is not powered on when the printing work starts. When the forming cylinder base plate 1030 is installed, the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 is firstly lifted to be approximately horizontal to the working platform 5014, the concave hole 1037 at the bottom of the forming cylinder base plate 1030 is aligned with the central cylindrical positioning column 1036 of the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 and then is put down, and at the moment, due to the action of the uniformly distributed power-off maintaining magnets 1027, the forming cylinder base plate 1030 is tightly and horizontally adsorbed, so that installation is achieved. When printing is finished, the forming cylinder positioning disc 1030 is firstly lifted to be approximately horizontal to the working platform 5014, the power-off maintaining type magnet 1027 is electrified, the magnetic attraction disappears, and the forming cylinder bottom disc 1030 can be easily and quickly taken out.

The powder used by the SLM type 3D printer is generally high in hardness, and in order to avoid cylinder pulling in the forming cylinder barrel 101, the sizes of all the disc pieces (the forming cylinder connecting disc 1024, the heat insulation disc 1025, the forming cylinder positioning disc 1028 and the forming cylinder bottom disc 1030) in the forming cylinder barrel 101 are slightly smaller than the size of one side of the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 101. The side edges of the forming cylinder spacers 1028 have felt 1026 slightly lower than the end surfaces thereof. When printing is started, powder can fill the gap between the forming cylinder bottom disc 1030 and the cylinder wall, the powder can be effectively prevented from continuously moving downwards due to the action of the compact fine wool felt, the sealing ring 1023 on the side edge of the forming cylinder coupling disc 1024 is mainly used for sealing air, the wool felt 1026 is better in compressibility compared with the sealing ring, and the structure of the wool felt contains a large number of compact gaps, so that the cylinder wall and the disc piece cannot be pulled due to overlarge pressure even a small amount of powder falls into the gap between the wool felt 1026 and the cylinder wall. The wool felt 1026 is clamped between the bottom plate 1030 of the forming cylinder and the lower end projection of the side edge of the positioning plate 1028 of the forming cylinder during printing, so that the wool felt is not easy to fall off. The same principle is adopted for the electrified keeping type magnet.

EXAMPLE III

The present embodiment discloses the structure of the Z-axis drive mechanism. As shown in fig. 2, 5, and 6, the Z-axis driving mechanism includes a side plate 104, a thrust ball bearing fixing base 105, a linear bearing fixing base 106, a bottom plate 107, a polished rod 108, a polished rod bottom fixing plate 109, a lead screw 1012, a Z1 servo motor 1013, a lead screw nut 1014, a synchronous pulley connecting piece 1015, a Z1 motor mounting base transverse plate 1017, a first synchronous pulley set, a second synchronous pulley set, a synchronous belt C1019, and a Z1 motor mounting base vertical plate 1020, where the first synchronous pulley set and the second synchronous pulley set respectively include at least one synchronous pulley.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the side plate 104 is mounted on the forming cylinder bottom cover 103, and the bottom plate 107 is fixed to the lower end of the side plate 104. The thrust ball bearing fixing base 105 is fixed to the inner side of the side plate 104. The linear bearing fixing seats 106 are located between the end cover 103 of the bottom of the forming cylinder and the bottom plate 107, are at least three, are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the screw shaft, and are internally provided with double-lining linear bearings (not marked in the figure). The bottom plate 107 and the end cover 103 of the bottom of the forming cylinder are provided with through holes for the polished rod 108 and the lead screw 1012 to pass through. The top of the polish rod 108 and the top of the lead screw 1012 are both connected with the bottom of the receptor (the bottom of the electromagnet or the coupling disc 1024 of the forming cylinder), and the bottom of the polish rod 108 and the bottom of the lead screw 1012 are both connected with the polish rod bottom fixing plate 109. The lead screw shaft is provided with a lead screw nut 1014, the lead screw nut 1014 is fixed with a synchronous pulley connecting piece 1015, and the synchronous pulley connecting piece 1015 is provided with a thrust ball bearing A1039. The outer portion of the thrust ball bearing A1039 is fixed through a thrust ball bearing fixing seat 105, and downward movement of the bearing is limited through a lower bearing baffle disc 1040. In one embodiment, the thrust ball bearings a103 are designed in two or more in consideration of the load. Synchronous pulley connecting piece 1015 upper end fixed connection first synchronous pulley group, second synchronous pulley group sets up on Z1 servo motor axle, and first synchronous pulley group passes through synchronous belt C1019 and links to each other with the second synchronous pulley group that Z1 servo motor shaft side corresponds the setting. In one embodiment, one timing pulley is too thin in view of the load, the first timing pulley set comprises two timing pulleys a1038 (or more, the second timing pulley set increases in synchronization), and correspondingly, the second timing pulley set also comprises two timing pulleys: the two synchronous pulleys A1038 are respectively connected with the synchronous pulley B1018 and the synchronous pulley C1021 corresponding to the Z1 servomotor shaft side through two synchronous belts C1019. In specific implementation, the first synchronous pulley set welds the two synchronous pulleys a1038 together (or replaces the welded synchronous pulleys with the same thickness, and the latter is the same), and the second synchronous pulley set welds the synchronous pulley B1018 and the synchronous pulley C1021 together. The Z1 motor mount horizontal plate 1017 with Z1 motor mount riser 1020 links to each other, constitutes the L type, Z1 motor mount riser 1020 is installed perpendicularly in the shaping jar bottom end cover 103 side. Specifically, to improve the stability of the motor mounting, the Z1 motor mounting plate cross plate 1017 is attached to the forming cylinder bottom head cover 103 by a cylindrical support 1016. The Z1 servo motor 1013 is mounted below the Z1 motor mount cross plate 1017.

Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, a bearing support a1011, a bushing a1010, a bushing support B1041, and a bushing B1042 are provided at both ends of the screw 1012, respectively. A round hole is formed in the center of the polished rod bottom fixing plate 109, the outer ring of the bearing support A1011 is matched with the round hole and is installed in the round hole through a screw, a bushing A1010 is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing support A1011, and the inner ring of the bushing A1010 is connected with one end of a lead screw 1012. The center of the coupling disk 1024 of the forming cylinder is provided with a round hole, a bearing support B is arranged on the bottom surface (far away from the side of the coupling disk 1024) of the round hole, a bushing B1042 is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing support B, and the inner ring of the bushing B1042 is connected with the other end of the lead screw 1012.

For the installation of the polish rod 108, three mounting holes are uniformly distributed outside a central circular hole of the polish rod bottom fixing plate 109 for respectively fixing one end of the polish rod 108. The polish rod 108 is provided with a heat-fused nut at its end, which is fixed to a polish rod bottom fixing plate 109 by means of screws and washers. Three mounting holes are uniformly arranged on the outer side of a central circular hole of the forming cylinder coupling disc 1024 and used for fixing the other ends of the polished rods 108 respectively. In one embodiment, three mounting holes uniformly arranged outside the central circular hole of the forming cylinder coupling disk 1024 are respectively provided with a polished rod support 1032 at the side close to the polished rod 108, the polished rod 108 is provided with a through hole at the side close to the polished rod support 1032, each polished rod support 1032 is provided with a cylindrical pin 1033, and the cylindrical pin 1033 penetrates through the polished rod support 1032 and the through hole on the polished rod 108 in the direction vertical to the polished rod 108.

Example four

The present embodiment discloses the structure of the supply cylinder assembly portion 20. The feed cylinder assembly section 20 is similar in construction to the forming cylinder assembly section 10 except that the discs inside the forming cylinder barrel 101 are different from the feed cylinder assembly section 20 in construction, the forming cylinder barrel 101 includes inside it a forming cylinder chassis 1030 and an electromagnet mechanism (forming cylinder positioning disc 1028, insulating disc 1025 and forming cylinder coupling disc 1024 as in the previous embodiment), while there is only one feed cylinder coupling disc 201 inside the cylinder of the feed cylinder assembly section 20 (corresponding to the cylinder barrel 101), the feed cylinder coupling disc 201 being sized to fit the cylinder barrel. A loop of wool felt B202 is adhered to the side edge of the feeding cylinder connecting disc 201, and a square sealing ring B203 is installed on the lower edge.

The structure of the feedcylinder assembly portion 20 may be adopted corresponding to the structure of the one-three molding cylinder assembly portions 10. For example, the feed cylinder assembly portion 20 includes a feed cylinder bore, a square sealing disk, a feed cylinder coupling 201, a feed cylinder bottom end cap, and a Z-axis drive mechanism. Wherein: the upper end of the feeding cylinder barrel is fixed on a working platform 5014, a square sealing disc is arranged at the contact part of the lower part of the working platform 5014 and the feeding cylinder barrel, and a sealing ring A is arranged on the inner side of the square sealing disc; the lower end of the cylinder barrel of the feeding cylinder is fixedly connected with an end cover at the bottom of the feeding cylinder, and a space for allowing the Z-axis driving mechanism to pass through is arranged on the end cover at the bottom of the feeding cylinder. The Z-axis driving mechanism is fixed on the end cover of the bottom of the feeding cylinder and extends into the cylinder barrel of the feeding cylinder from the end cover of the bottom of the feeding cylinder, and the end part of the Z-axis driving mechanism extending into the cylinder barrel of the feeding cylinder is connected with the bottom of the chassis of the feeding cylinder. Corresponding to the third embodiment, the feed cylinder assembly portion 20 is constructed as shown in FIG. 7, with the forming cylinder base plate 1030, forming cylinder positioning plate 1028, insulating plate 1025, and forming cylinder coupling plate 1024 of the forming cylinder assembly portion 10 being integrally replaced with the feed cylinder coupling plate 201. A loop of wool felt B202 is adhered to the side edge of the feeding cylinder connecting disc 201, and a square sealing ring B203 is installed on the lower edge.

EXAMPLE five

The present embodiment discloses the structure of the X-axis powdering mechanism component part 30. The X-axis powder laying mechanism component part 30 comprises an X-axis driving mechanism, a scraper synchronizing mechanism and a scraper frame 3011; the X-axis driving mechanism extends into the sealed cabin 5015 from the outside of the sealed cabin 5015, the X-axis driving mechanism is connected with a scraper synchronizing mechanism installed inside the sealed cabin 5015, the scraper frame 3011 is installed on the scraper synchronizing mechanism, and the X-axis driving mechanism drives the scraper frame 3011 to move in the X-axis direction through the scraper synchronizing mechanism.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the X-axis dusting mechanism assembly portion 30 comprises the following components: the device comprises an X-axis motor 301, a sealing rubber pad A302, a coupler 303, a synchronous pulley D304, a long shaft 305, a guide rail 306, a sliding block 307, a synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frame 308, a synchronous belt rack fixing block 309, a scraper adapter plate 3010, a scraper frame 3011, a bearing B3013, an X-axis slide rail fixing plate 3014, a short shaft 3015 and an X-axis synchronous belt 3016. The X-axis slide rail fixing plate 3014 is a cuboid, and a long waist-shaped unloading groove is formed in the center and is fixed to two sides of the sealed cabin 5015 through screws. The X-axis motor 301 is fixed outside the sealed cabin 5015, and a sealing rubber gasket A302 is pressed between the X-axis motor and the sealed cabin 5015 to prevent air leakage. The end of the X-axis motor 301 is connected to one end of the long axis 305 through a shaft coupling 303 penetrating one end of the X-axis slide rail fixing plate 3014, and the other end of the long axis 305 is fixed to the X-axis slide rail fixing plate 3014 through a bearing B3013. Synchronous belt wheels D304 are mounted at two ends of the long shaft 305 and connected with synchronous belt wheels corresponding to the other ends of the X-axis slide rail fixing plates 3014 through X-axis synchronous belts 3016, and the synchronous belt wheels at the other ends (the ends far away from the X-axis motor 301) are respectively fixed on the X-axis slide rail fixing plates 3014 at two sides through short shafts 3015 connected with bearings of the same type as the bearings B3013. The two guide rails 306 are respectively fixed on the X-axis slide rail fixing plates 3014 on both sides and located below the X-axis synchronous belt 3016, the guide rails 306 on both sides are respectively provided with a slide block 307, and the slide blocks 307 on both sides are respectively provided with a scraper adapter plate 3010. Specifically, the scraper adapter plate 3010 has a notch in the middle to facilitate installation and fixation of the scraper frame 3011. Two synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frames 308 are respectively installed at the upper ends of the scraper adapter plates 3010 at two sides of the center (when a notch is formed, at two sides of the notch), corresponding synchronous belt rack fixing blocks 309 are arranged corresponding to the synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frames 308, the synchronous belt rack fixing blocks 309 are locked on the synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frames 308 through screws, and V-shaped sawtooth openings are formed in the side, close to the synchronous belt rack fixing blocks 309, of the synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frames 308. Two ends of the X-axis timing belt 3016 are clamped by the two pairs of timing belt L-shaped fixing frames 308 and the sawtooth areas of the timing belt rack fixing blocks 309. The scraper frame 3011 is fixed between the two scraper adapter plates 3010. In particular, as shown in fig. 13, protrusions at two ends of the scraper frame 3011 are matched with a notch in the middle of the scraper adapter plate 3010, so as to ensure that the installation surface of the scraper 3012 is parallel to the working platform. In use, the scraper 3012 is mounted on the scraper mount 3011.

The X-axis powder paving mechanism component part 30 is provided with symmetrical X-axis slide rail fixing plates 3014, guide rails 306, sliders 307 and X-axis synchronous belts 3016 on two sides of the sealed cabin 5015, so that the powder paving machine is more stable in operation compared with a mode of arranging rails on a single side under the condition of a large molding surface, and the cost is lower due to the adoption of the synchronous belts instead of lead screw transmission.

EXAMPLE six

This embodiment discloses a scraper suitable for this design 3D printer. The scraper 3012 is flanked by a pair of long waist-shaped notches. The scraper can be made of hard alloy. The upper surface and the lower surface of the scraper 3012 are symmetrical, and both sides can be used as working surfaces, so that the use times of the scraper 3012 can be effectively increased. When the scraper is used, the other pair of screws at the upper end of the scraper frame 3011 are pressed downwards, so that fine adjustment of the upper position and the lower position of the scraper 3012 can be realized. During leveling, the working platform 5014 can be used as a reference, a filler gauge with the minimum specification of 0.01 mm is used as a measuring tool, and adjustment is achieved through screws on the scraper frame 3011, which are in contact with the top of the scraper 3012, and through screws at long-waist-shaped through holes on the side edges of the scraper 3012.

EXAMPLE seven

The present embodiment discloses the structure of the laser galvanometer assembly portion 40. The laser galvanometer component part 40 comprises a laser galvanometer 401, a galvanometer bracket, a collimating mirror 404, a steel spring gasket 406, a galvanometer support 407, a lens mounting mechanism, a round sealing glass 409 and a galvanometer dust cover 4011. The laser galvanometer 401 is arranged on the galvanometer bracket and is opposite to the center of the forming cylinder bottom plate 1030. The collimator 404 is mounted on the side of the galvanometer holder opposite the laser galvanometer 401. The galvanometer support is mounted on a galvanometer support 407, and a plurality of steel spring gaskets 406 are arranged between the galvanometer support and the galvanometer support 407. The galvanometer mount 407 is secured to the capsule 5015. The galvanometer dust cover 4011 covers the laser galvanometer 401. The lower end of the lens of the laser galvanometer 401 is provided with circular sealing glass 409, and the lens mounting mechanism fixes the circular sealing glass 409 on the lower surface of the top of the sealed cabin.

In one embodiment, the laser galvanometer assembly portion 40 includes a laser galvanometer 401, an L-shaped support riser 403, a collimating mirror 404, an L-shaped support cross plate 405, a steel spring washer 406, a galvanometer support 407, a mirror clamping ring 408, a circular sealing glass 409, and a mirror flange 4010. The laser galvanometer 401 is mounted on the side, away from the L-shaped support transverse plate 405, of the L-shaped support vertical plate 403, and when the laser galvanometer 401 is used, the laser galvanometer 401 is located right above the center of the forming cylinder bottom plate 1030. A collimating mirror 404 is installed to L type support riser 403 opposite side, L type support riser 403 bottom with L type support diaphragm 405 is fixed mutually, L type support diaphragm 405 installs on mirror support 407 shakes, between L type support diaphragm 405 and mirror support 407, sets up a plurality of steel spring gasket 406, for example through 4 screws that become the rectangle range with L type support diaphragm 405 when installing on mirror support 407 shakes, establish steel spring gasket 406 on each screw respectively. The galvanometer support 407 is fixed to the sealed cabin 5015. Particularly, a galvanometer dust cover 4011 is covered outside the laser galvanometer 401 to prevent dust in an exposed area of the laser galvanometer 401, and if the laser galvanometer 401 is not convenient to process into a whole, the dust resistance of the part can be further improved through a galvanometer dust cover shielding plate 402 on the laser galvanometer dust cover shielding plate. Laser galvanometer 401 camera lens lower extreme sets up circular sealed glass 409, and lens flange 4010 is fixed in seal chamber 5015 top lower surface, and lens clamping ring 408 fixed connection is at lens flange 4010 lower extreme, sealed glass 409 is pressed from both sides in lens flange 4010 with between the lens clamping ring 408, be equipped with sealing washer D4013 between lens clamping ring 408 and the sealed glass 409, be equipped with sealing washer E4012 between lens flange 4010 and the sealed bulkhead to there is good gas tightness in the assurance cabin.

The key of the adjustment of the laser galvanometer 401 is the fine adjustment of the focal length, that is, the length from the lens surface of the laser galvanometer 401 to the working plane is equal to the focal length as much as possible. In the structure, the steel spring gasket 406 is arranged between the L-shaped support transverse plate 405 and the galvanometer support 407, and the fine tuning space of about 1mm can be realized through the difference of the screwing depth of the screw, so that the fine adjustment of the focal length of the laser galvanometer 401 can be quickly completed.

Example eight

The present embodiment discloses the structure of the capsule assembly portion 50. As shown in fig. 11, the capsule assembly portion 50 includes the following components: the device comprises a door lock cushion block 501, a lock head 502, a door lock, door sealing glass 504, a door sealing glass gland 505, a porous distribution plate 506, a sealing door framework 507, a powder receiving piece 508, a powder collecting bottle 509, a sealing door hinge 5010, a quick connector 5011, an air pipe connecting box 5012, a sealing rubber gasket B5013, a working platform 5014 and a sealing cabin 5015. The sealing cabin 5015 is installed above the working platform 5014, a sealing ring C (not shown) is arranged at the contact position of the sealing cabin 5015 and the working platform 5014 to prevent air leakage, a sealing door framework 507 is arranged at the opening of the sealing cabin 5015, a square cabin door sealing glass 504 is embedded in the sealing door framework 507, the square cabin door sealing glass 504 is pressed by the cabin door sealing glass pressing cover 505, and a sealing ring F (not shown) is arranged between the sealing door framework 507 and the cabin door sealing glass 504. A door lock is arranged on the outer side of the sealing door framework 507, and a lock head 502 is arranged on a door lock cushion block 501. The door lock cushion block 501 is fixed on the side wall of the sealed cabin at a position corresponding to the door lock. The side of the sealing door frame 507 opposite to the door lock is provided with a pair of sealing door hinges 5010 to realize the rotation of the sealing door. A pair of square notches 5016 are formed in opposite directions on two sides of the sealed cabin 5015, the square notches 5016 are opposite to the forming area, one end of each of the two square notches 5016 is an inert gas inlet, and the other end of each of the two square notches 5016 is an air outlet, so that smoke generated during printing can be taken away by inert gas to prevent the upper round sealing glass 409 from being polluted. To prevent dust emission due to an excessive intake air amount, a porous distribution plate 506 is installed at least outside the square notch 5016 on the intake side. The porous distribution plates 506 may be installed on both sides so as not to limit the direction of the gas inlet and outlet, and thus, may be more flexible in use. As shown in FIG. 12, fine and small circular holes are uniformly distributed on the porous distribution plate 506. The outer covers of the two square notches are respectively provided with a gas pipe connecting box 5012, a sealing rubber gasket B5013 is arranged between the gas pipe connecting box 5012 and the outer wall of the sealed cabin to prevent gas leakage, a quick connector 5011 is connected onto the gas pipe connecting box 5012, and after inert gas enters the gas pipe connecting box 5012 through a gas pipe connected with the quick connector 5011, due to the fact that small holes in the porous distribution plate 506 are weakened, the gas entering the sealed cabin 5015 is not prone to causing powder flying. A powder receiving member 508 is mounted below the working platform 5014. The inner wall of the powder receiving part 508 is preferably inclined to facilitate the powder sliding down. A sealing ring F (not shown) is pressed between the powder receiving piece 508 and the sealed cabin wall to prevent air leakage. The powder receiving member 508 has a powder collecting bottle 509 at a lower end thereof. The powder collecting bottle 509 may be wrapped with a raw material tape before being screwed into the lower end of the powder receiving member 508 to prevent air leakage.

Example nine

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses an SLM type 3D printer including a forming cylinder assembly portion 10, a supply cylinder assembly portion 20, an X-axis powder laying mechanism assembly portion 30, a laser galvanometer assembly portion 40, and a capsule assembly portion 50. Therein, the capsule assembly portion 50 includes a work platform 5014 and a capsule 5015, the capsule 5015 being disposed above the work platform 5014. The forming cylinder assembly portion 10, the feed cylinder assembly portion 20 are both disposed below the work platform 5014. The X-axis breading mechanism assembly section 30 is located within the capsule 5015 in the direction of the forming cylinder assembly section 10 and the feed cylinder assembly section 20. The laser galvanometer assembly portion 40 is located at the top of the capsule 5015, directly above the forming cylinder assembly portion 10.

As shown in fig. 2, the forming cylinder assembly portion 10 includes a forming cylinder bore 101, a square seal disc 102, a forming cylinder bottom end cover 103, a side plate 104, a thrust ball bearing retainer 105, a linear bearing retainer 106, a bottom plate 107, a polish rod 108, a polish rod bottom retainer plate 109, a lead screw 1012, a Z1 servomotor 1013, a lead screw nut 1014, a timing pulley connector 1015, a cylindrical support 1016, a Z1 motor mount cross plate 1017, a first timing pulley set (including at least one timing pulley), a timing belt C1019, a Z1 motor mount riser 1020, a second timing pulley set (including at least one timing pulley), a square seal B1023, a forming cylinder coupling 1024, a thermally insulating disc 1025, a wool felt 1026, a power off hold type 102magnet 1027, a forming cylinder positioning disc 1028, a square ring 1029, and a forming cylinder bottom disc 1030.

For the forming cylinder barrel 101, the inner wall of the forming cylinder barrel 101 is square (such as square), the upper end of the forming cylinder barrel is fixed on the working platform 5014 through screws, a square sealing disc 102 is installed at the contact position of the lower portion of the working platform 5014 and the forming cylinder barrel 101 through screws, and inert gas in a sealing cabin is prevented from escaping to the external space from a gap between the forming cylinder barrel 101 and the working platform 5014 through extrusion of a sealing ring A (not marked in the figure) on the inner side of the square sealing disc 102.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a forming cylinder chassis 1030, a forming cylinder positioning plate 1028, a heat insulating plate 1025 and a forming cylinder coupling plate 1024 are disposed from top to bottom inside the forming cylinder tube 101. In order to facilitate quick taking and placing of the forming cylinder bottom disk 1030 and obtain the maximum forming area, the working surface of the forming cylinder bottom disk 1030 is a whole surface, and a square ring strip 1029 which can be adsorbed by a magnet is embedded in the back surface of the forming cylinder bottom disk 1030 through a screw. The middle of the top surface of the forming cylinder positioning disc 1028 is provided with a cylindrical positioning column 1036 which is matched with a concave hole 1037 in the middle of the bottom surface of the forming cylinder bottom disc 1030, a circle of wool felt A1026 is arranged on the outer side of the forming cylinder positioning disc 1028, and the wool felt A1026 is arranged on the side edge of the forming cylinder positioning disc 1028. A plurality of power-off holding magnets 1027 are uniformly distributed in the forming cylinder positioning disc 1028. The de-energized holding magnet 1027 is preferably cylindrical with current conductors on the sides. The magnetism disappears when the magnet is electrified, the magnet has magnetism when the magnet is powered off, and the magnet is not electrified when the printing work starts. The forming cylinder base plate 1030 is attached to the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 to complete the installation and fixation. The heat insulation plate 1025 may be made of heat insulation material such as glass fiber. The outage keeps type magnet 1027 and is connected with the shrinkage pool of matching design on the thermal-insulated dish 1025 through the corresponding screw hole in thermal-insulated dish 1025 bottom, there is wire passing groove 1035 (setting like the annular) in the thermal-insulated dish 1025, conveniently walks the line. In one embodiment, the number of the off-holding magnets 1027 is 8, and the 8 magnets are uniformly distributed in corresponding concave holes on the heat insulation tray 1025, and the diameters of the concave holes are slightly larger than the outer diameter of the off-holding magnets 1027. The insulating tray 1025 is provided with a long waist-shaped via 1034 for facilitating the wiring harness to pass through. The side of the coupling disk 1024 of the forming cylinder is provided with a square sealing ring A1023, and the bottom of the coupling disk is connected with a screw shaft and a polished rod 108. The forming cylinder coupling plate 1024 is provided with a long waist-shaped via 1034 corresponding to the heat insulation plate 1025. The forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 is fixed with the forming cylinder coupling plate 1024 by a plurality of screws, the heat insulation plate 1025 is clamped between the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 and the forming cylinder coupling plate 1024, and corresponding screw through holes are formed in the heat insulation plate 1025. The lower end of the molding cylinder barrel 101 is fixedly connected with a molding cylinder bottom end cover 103, and a through hole for the polished rod 108, the lead screw 1012 and the power-off holding type magnet wire to pass through is formed in the sealing end cover 103.

The forming cylinder bottom plate 1030 is installed in a mode of being attracted by the power-off holding type magnet 1027, and because the material of the forming cylinder bottom plate 1030 used in the process of printing part special powder does not have the property of being attracted by the magnet, the problem can be solved by embedding a square ring strip 1029 which can be attracted by the magnet in the back surface of the forming cylinder bottom plate 1030 through screws. Specifically, the surface of square ring bar 1029 is slightly below the surface of forming cylinder chassis 1030. When the forming cylinder base plate 1030 is installed, the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 is firstly lifted to be approximately horizontal to the working platform 5014, the concave hole 1037 at the bottom of the forming cylinder base plate 1030 is aligned with the central cylindrical positioning column 1036 of the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 and then is put down, and at the moment, due to the action of the uniformly distributed power-off maintaining magnets 1027, the forming cylinder base plate 1030 is tightly and horizontally adsorbed, so that installation is achieved. When printing is finished, the forming cylinder positioning disc 1030 is firstly lifted to be approximately horizontal to the working platform 5014, the power-off maintaining type magnet 1027 is electrified, the magnetic attraction disappears, and the forming cylinder bottom disc 1030 can be easily and quickly taken out.

The powder used by the SLM type 3D printer is generally high in hardness, and in order to avoid cylinder pulling in the forming cylinder barrel 101, the sizes of all the disc pieces (the forming cylinder connecting disc 1024, the heat insulation disc 1025, the forming cylinder positioning disc 1028 and the forming cylinder bottom disc 1030) in the forming cylinder barrel 101 are slightly smaller than the size of one side of the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 101. The side edges of the forming cylinder spacers 1028 have felt 1026 slightly lower than the end surfaces thereof. When beginning to print, the powder can fill up the gap between shaping jar chassis 1030 and the jar wall earlier, because the effect of the thin wool felt of compact, can effectively block the powder and continue to move down, square sealing washer B1023 that the side department of forming jar coupling disc 1024 formed mainly acts as and seals the gas, wool felt 1026 is better than square sealing washer B1023 compressibility, and its tissue contains a large amount of compact spaces, even a small amount of powder falls into the gap between wool felt 1026 and the jar wall also can not be because the pressure is too big, cause the strain to jar wall and dish spare during up-and-down motion. In particular, the felt 1026 has a back adhesive, and can be attached to the side wall of the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028, and is sandwiched between the forming cylinder bottom plate 1030 and the lower end projection of the side edge of the forming cylinder positioning plate 1028 during printing, so that the felt is not easy to fall off.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the side plate 104 is mounted on the forming cylinder bottom end cover 103 by screws, and the bottom plate 107 is fixed to the lower end of the side plate 104 by screws. The thrust ball bearing fixing base 105 is fixed to the inner side of the side plate 104 by screws. The linear bearing fixing seats 106 are located between the end cover 103 at the bottom of the forming cylinder and the bottom plate 107, are three in total, are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the shaft of the lead screw 1012, are internally provided with double-lining linear bearings (not marked in the figure), and the polish rod 108 penetrates through the corresponding linear bearing fixing seats 106. The bottom plate 107 is provided with a through hole for the polished rod 108 and the lead screw 1012 to pass through. The top parts of the polish rod 108 and the lead screw 1012 are connected with the bottom part of the coupling disc 1024 of the forming cylinder, and the bottom parts of the polish rod 108 and the lead screw 1012 are connected with the polish rod bottom fixing plate 109. The lead screw shaft is provided with a lead screw nut 1014, the lead screw nut 1014 is fixed with a synchronous pulley connecting piece 1015, and the synchronous pulley connecting piece 1015 is provided with a thrust ball bearing A1039. The outer portion of the thrust ball bearing A1039 is fixed through a thrust ball bearing fixing seat 105, and downward movement of the bearing is limited through a lower bearing baffle disc 1040. In one embodiment, the thrust ball bearings a103 are designed in two in consideration of the load. The upper end of the synchronous pulley connecting piece 1015 is connected with a first synchronous pulley set through a key and a screw, and the first synchronous pulley set is connected with a second synchronous pulley set on the shaft side of the Z1 servo motor through a synchronous belt C1019. In one embodiment, one timing pulley is too thin in view of the load, the first timing pulley set comprises two timing pulleys a1038, and correspondingly, the second timing pulley set also comprises two timing pulleys: the two synchronous pulleys A1038 are respectively connected with the synchronous pulley B1018 and the synchronous pulley C1021 corresponding to the Z1 servomotor shaft side through two synchronous belts C1019. In specific implementation, the first synchronous pulley set welds the two synchronous pulleys a1038 together (or replaces the welded synchronous pulleys with the same thickness, and the latter is the same), and the second synchronous pulley set welds the synchronous pulley B1018 and the synchronous pulley C1021 together. The Z1 motor mount horizontal plate 1017 with Z1 motor mount riser 1020 links to each other, constitutes the L type, Z1 motor mount riser 1020 passes through the screw installation in the shaping jar bottom end cover 103 side. Specifically, to improve the stability of the motor mounting, the Z1 motor mounting plate cross plate 1017 is attached to the forming cylinder bottom head cover 103 by a cylindrical support 1016. The Z1 servo motor 1013 is mounted below the Z1 motor mount cross plate 1017.

As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the forming cylinder assembly portion 10 further includes a bearing mount a1011, a bushing a1010, a bushing mount B1041, and a bushing B1042. A round hole is formed in the center of the polished rod bottom fixing plate 109, the outer ring of the bearing support A1011 is matched with the round hole and is installed in the round hole through a screw, a bushing A1010 is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing support A1011, and the inner ring of the bushing A1010 is connected with one end of a lead screw 1012. Three mounting holes are uniformly distributed on the outer side of a central round hole of the polish rod bottom fixing plate 109 and are used for fixing one end of a polish rod 108 respectively. The polish rod 108 is provided with a heat-fused nut at its end, which is fixed to a polish rod bottom fixing plate 109 by means of screws and washers. The center of the coupling disk 1024 of the forming cylinder is provided with a round hole, a bearing support B is arranged on the bottom surface (far away from the side of the coupling disk 1024) of the round hole, a bushing B1042 is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing support B, and the inner ring of the bushing B1042 is connected with the other end of the lead screw 1012. Three mounting holes are uniformly arranged on the outer side of a central circular hole of the forming cylinder coupling disc 1024 and used for fixing the other ends of the polished rods 108 respectively. Specifically, polished rod supports 1032 are respectively installed on three installation holes which are evenly distributed on the outer side of a central circular hole of the forming cylinder coupling disk 1024 and close to the polished rod 108, through holes are formed in the polished rod 108 close to the polished rod supports 1032, each polished rod support 1032 is provided with a cylindrical pin 1033, and the cylindrical pins 1033 penetrate through the polished rod supports 1032 and the through holes in the polished rod 108 in the direction perpendicular to the polished rod 108.

To prevent the over travel of the downward motion of the cylinder liner from causing a severe impact, the top surface of the forming cylinder bottom end cap 103 is provided with a plurality of crash posts 1022. The impact post 1022 is preferably a resilient material such as rubber.

Because the transmission between the Z1 servo motor 1013 and the lead screw nut 1014 is realized by the synchronous belt C1019, in order to accurately meet the requirement of the process layer thickness (between 0.02mm and 0.05 mm) in the current printing, the forming cylinder assembly part 10 is also provided with a grating ruler (not shown) for forming a full closed-loop control on the working process so as to improve the positioning accuracy. The resolution of the grating ruler can reach 0.005 mm.

A schematic view of the structure of the feedcylinder assembly portion 20 is shown in figure 7. The feed cylinder assembly section 20 is similar in construction to the forming cylinder assembly section 10 except that the forming cylinder bore 101 includes internally a forming cylinder base 1030, a forming cylinder locating plate 1028, a heat insulating plate 1025 and a forming cylinder coupling plate 1024, whereas the feed cylinder assembly section 20 has only one feed cylinder coupling plate 201 within the cylinder (corresponding to the bore 101), the feed cylinder coupling plate 201 having a ring of felt B202 adhered to its side and a square sealing ring B203 mounted to its lower edge.

The schematic structure of the X-axis powder-spreading mechanism assembly part 30 is shown in fig. 8. The X-axis dusting mechanism assembly portion 30 includes the following components: the device comprises an X-axis motor 301, a sealing rubber pad A302, a coupler 303, a synchronous pulley D304, a long shaft 305, a guide rail 306, a sliding block 307, a synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frame 308, a synchronous belt rack fixing block 309, a scraper adapter plate 3010, a scraper frame 3011, a bearing B3013, an X-axis slide rail fixing plate 3014, a short shaft 3015 and an X-axis synchronous belt 3016. The X-axis slide rail fixing plate 3014 is a cuboid, and a long waist-shaped unloading groove is formed in the center and is fixed to two sides of the sealed cabin 5015 through screws. The X-axis motor 301 is fixed outside the sealed cabin 5015, and a sealing rubber gasket A302 is pressed between the X-axis motor and the sealed cabin 5015 to prevent air leakage. The end of the X-axis motor 301 is connected to one end of the long axis 305 through a shaft coupling 303 penetrating one end of the X-axis slide rail fixing plate 3014, and the other end of the long axis 305 is fixed to the X-axis slide rail fixing plate 3014 through a bearing B3013. Synchronous belt wheels D304 are mounted at two ends of the long shaft 305 and connected with synchronous belt wheels corresponding to the other ends of the X-axis slide rail fixing plates 3014 through X-axis synchronous belts 3016, and the synchronous belt wheels at the other ends (the ends far away from the X-axis motor 301) are respectively fixed on the X-axis slide rail fixing plates 3014 at two sides through short shafts 3015 connected with bearings of the same type as the bearings B3013. The two guide rails 306 are respectively fixed on the X-axis slide rail fixing plates 3014 on both sides and located below the X-axis synchronous belt 3016, the guide rails 306 on both sides are respectively provided with a slide block 307, and the slide blocks 307 on both sides are respectively provided with a scraper adapter plate 3010 through screws. Specifically, the scraper adapter plate 3010 has a notch in the middle to facilitate installation and fixation of the scraper frame 3011. The upper ends of the scraper adapter plates 3010 on both sides are respectively provided with a synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frame 308 on both sides of the center (on both sides of the notch when the notch is arranged), corresponding synchronous belt rack fixing blocks 309 are arranged on the synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frames 308, the synchronous belt rack fixing blocks 309 are locked on the synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frames 308 through screws, and one side of each synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frame 308 close to the corresponding synchronous belt rack fixing block 309 is provided with a V-shaped sawtooth opening. Two ends of the X-axis synchronous belt 3016 are clamped by the two pairs of synchronous belt L-shaped fixing frames 308 and the sawtooth areas of the synchronous belt rack fixing blocks 309. The scraper frame 3011 is fixed between the two scraper adapter plates 3010 by screws. In particular, as shown in fig. 13, the protrusions at both ends of the scraper frame 3011 are matched with the notches in the middle of the scraper adapter plate 3010, so as to ensure that the installation surface of the scraper 3012 is parallel to the working platform 5014. A scraper 3012 is mounted on the scraper frame 3011 by screws. Specifically, as shown in fig. 14, the scraper 3012 is provided with a pair of long waist-shaped notches on its side surface, and the scraper 3012 can be finely adjusted in the up-and-down position by pressing down another pair of screws on the upper end of the scraper frame 3011. Further, the scraper material can select for use carbide, can work platform 5014 be the benchmark during the leveling, be measuring tool with the help of the feeler gauge that minimum specification is 0.01 mm, through scraper frame 3011 on with the screw of scraper 3012 top contact with the screw of scraper 3012 side long waist type through-hole department realize adjusting with the screw of scraper 3012 side, scraper 3012 top and bottom symmetry, both sides all can regard as the working face, can effectively increase scraper 3012 number of times of use.

Fig. 9 and 10 show a structural view of the laser galvanometer block part 40. The laser galvanometer component part 40 comprises a laser galvanometer 401, an L-shaped support vertical plate 403, a collimating mirror 404, an L-shaped support transverse plate 405, a steel spring gasket 406, a galvanometer support 407, a lens press ring 408, circular sealing glass 409, a lens flange 4010 and a galvanometer dust cover 4011. In laser galvanometer subassembly part 40 laser galvanometer 401 is located directly over shaping jar chassis 1030 center, installs in L type support riser 403 through side screw hole and keeps away from L type support diaphragm 405 one side, a collimating mirror 404 is installed to L type support riser 403 opposite side, L type support riser 403 through the bottom screw hole with L type support diaphragm 405 is fixed, L type support diaphragm 405 install on galvanometer support 407, at L type support diaphragm 405 and between galvanometer support 407, 4 steel spring washers 406 have been arranged to the rectangle. The mirror support 407 is fixed on the sealed cabin 5015, the laser mirror 401 is covered with a mirror dust cover 4011, and the mirror dust cover 4011 covers the exposed surface of the laser mirror to achieve the dustproof effect. Laser galvanometer 401 camera lens lower extreme sets up circular sealed glass 409, sealed glass 409 is pressed from both sides in lens flange 4010 with between the lens clamping ring 408, be equipped with sealing washer D4013 between lens clamping ring 408 and the sealed glass 409, be equipped with sealing washer E4012 between lens flange 4010 and the sealed bulkhead to there is good gas tightness in the assurance cabin.

The key point of the adjustment of the laser galvanometer 401 is the fine adjustment of the focal length, namely, the length from the lens surface of the laser galvanometer 401 to the working plane is equal to the focal length as much as possible, so that four steel spring gaskets 406 are arranged between the L-shaped support transverse plate 405 and the galvanometer support 407, and the fine adjustment space of about 1mm can be realized through the difference of the screwing depth of screws, and the adjustment is simple, convenient and quick.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the capsule assembly portion 50. The capsule assembly portion 50 includes the following components: the device comprises a door lock cushion block 501, a lock head 502, a lever type door lock 503, door sealing glass 504, a door sealing glass gland 505, a porous distribution plate 506, a sealing door framework 507, a powder receiving piece 508, a powder collecting bottle 509, a sealing door hinge 5010, a quick connector 5011, a gas pipe connecting box 5012, a sealing rubber pad B5013, a working platform 5014 and a sealing cabin 5015. The sealing cabin 5015 is installed above the working platform 5014 through screws, a sealing ring C (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the contact position of the sealing cabin 5015 and the working platform, the sealing door framework 507 is arranged at the opening of the front face of the sealing cabin 5015, a square cabin door sealing glass 504 is embedded in the sealing door framework 507, the square cabin door sealing glass 504 is pressed by a cabin door sealing glass pressing cover 505, a sealing ring F (not shown in the figure) is arranged between the sealing door framework 507 and the cabin door sealing glass 504, a lever type door lock 503 is installed on the outer side of the sealing door framework 507, a lock head 502 is installed on a door lock cushion block 501 through screws, the door lock cushion block 501 is L-shaped, and the side face of the door lock cushion block is fixed on the side wall of the sealing cabin. The side of the sealing door framework 507 opposite to the lever type door lock 503 is provided with a pair of sealing door hinges 5010 to realize the rotation of the sealing door. A pair of square notches 5016 are formed in opposite directions on two sides of the sealed cabin 5015, the square notches 5016 are opposite to the forming area, one end of each of the two square notches 5016 is an inert gas inlet, and the other end of each of the two square notches 5016 is an air outlet, so that smoke generated during printing can be taken away by inert gas to prevent the upper round sealing glass 409 from being polluted. In order to prevent the dust caused by the overlarge air inflow, a porous distribution plate 506 is installed on the outer side of the square notch 5016 through screws, as shown in fig. 12, fine and small round holes are evenly distributed on the porous distribution plate 506, a gas pipe connection box 5012 is covered outside the square notch, a sealing rubber pad B5013 is arranged between the gas pipe connection box and the outer wall of the sealing cabin to prevent gas leakage, a quick connector 5011 is connected onto the gas pipe connection box 5012, and after inert gas enters the gas pipe connection box 5012 through a gas pipe connected with the quick connector 5011, the gas entering the sealing cabin 5015 is not easy to cause powder flying. A powder receiving piece 508 is arranged below the working platform 5014, and the periphery of the inner wall of the powder receiving piece 508 is an inclined plane so as to facilitate powder sliding down. A sealing ring F (not marked in the figure) is pressed between the powder receiving piece 508 and the sealed cabin wall to prevent air leakage, a powder collecting bottle 509 is arranged at the lower end of the powder receiving piece 508, and the powder collecting bottle 509 can be wrapped with a raw material belt to prevent air leakage before being screwed into the lower end of the powder receiving piece 508.

The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An SLM type 3D printer, comprising: the powder coating device comprises a forming cylinder assembly part (10), a feeding cylinder assembly part (20), an X-axis powder coating mechanism assembly part (30), a laser galvanometer assembly part (40) and a sealed cabin assembly part (50); wherein:

the capsule assembly portion (50) comprises a work platform (5014) and a capsule (5015), the capsule (5015) being disposed above the work platform (5014);

the forming cylinder assembly part (10) and the feeding cylinder assembly part (20) are arranged below the working platform (5014); the X-axis powder laying mechanism component part (30) is positioned inside the sealed cabin (5015) and is arranged along the direction of the forming cylinder component part (10) and the feeding cylinder component part (20); the laser galvanometer component part (40) is positioned at the top of the sealed cabin (5015) and right above the forming cylinder component part (10);

the molding cylinder component part comprises a molding cylinder barrel (101), a square sealing disc (102), a molding cylinder chassis (1030), a molding cylinder bottom end cover (103), an electromagnet mechanism and a Z-axis driving mechanism; wherein:

the upper end of the forming cylinder barrel (101) is fixed on a working platform (5014), a square sealing disc (102) is arranged at the contact part of the lower part of the working platform (5014) and the forming cylinder barrel (101), and a sealing ring A is arranged on the inner side of the square sealing disc (102); the lower end of the forming cylinder barrel (101) is fixedly connected with a forming cylinder bottom end cover (103), and a space for allowing the Z-axis driving mechanism to pass through is formed in the forming cylinder bottom end cover (103);

the Z-axis driving mechanism is fixed on a forming cylinder bottom end cover (103) and extends into the forming cylinder barrel (101) from the forming cylinder bottom end cover (103), the end part of the Z-axis driving mechanism extending into the forming cylinder barrel (101) is connected with the electromagnet mechanism, the forming cylinder chassis (1030) is horizontally arranged at the top of the electromagnet mechanism, and the electromagnet mechanism is electrified and powered off to realize adsorption and release of the forming cylinder chassis (1030).

2. SLM type 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in, that the forming cylinder chassis (1030) is provided with a recess (1031) at the bottom, which recess (1031) is embedded with a matching absorbing element that can be attracted by a magnet.

3. The SLM-type 3D printer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electromagnet mechanism comprises from top to bottom a forming cylinder positioning plate (1028), a heat insulating plate (1025) and a forming cylinder coupling plate (1024); a cylindrical positioning column (1036) is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the forming cylinder positioning disc (1028), and a matched concave hole (1037) is formed in the middle of the bottom surface of the forming cylinder chassis (1030); a circle of wool felt A (1026) is arranged on the outer side of the forming cylinder positioning plate (1028); a plurality of electromagnets are uniformly distributed in the forming cylinder positioning disc (1028); the heat insulation plate (1025) is made of heat insulation materials, and a thread passing groove (1035) is formed in the heat insulation plate (1025); the heat insulation plate (1025) and the forming cylinder coupling plate (1024) are respectively provided with a wire harness through hole which is matched with each other; a sealing ring (1023) is arranged on the side surface of the forming cylinder coupling disc (1024); the bottom of the forming cylinder coupling disc (1024) is connected with the top end of the Z-axis driving mechanism.

4. The SLM-type 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that the Z-axis drive mechanism comprises side plates (104), thrust ball bearing holders (105), linear bearing holders (106), a bottom plate (107), a polish rod (108), a polish rod bottom fixing plate (109), a lead screw (1012), a Z1 servo motor (1013), a lead screw nut (1014), a synchronous pulley connection (1015), a Z1 motor mount cross plate (1017), a first synchronous pulley set, a synchronous pulley C (1019), a second synchronous pulley set and a Z1 motor mount riser (1020); wherein:

the side plate (104) is arranged on an end cover (103) at the bottom of the forming cylinder, and the bottom plate (107) is fixed at the lower end of the side plate (104); the thrust ball bearing fixing seat (105) is fixed on the inner side of the side plate (104); the linear bearing fixing seats (106) are positioned between the end cover (103) at the bottom of the forming cylinder and the bottom plate (107), at least three linear bearing fixing seats (106) are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the screw shaft, and double-lining linear bearings are arranged inside the linear bearing fixing seats; through holes for the polished rod (108) and the lead screw (1012) to pass through are formed in the bottom plate (107) and the end cover (103) at the bottom of the forming cylinder; the tops of the polished rod (108) and the lead screw (1012) are connected with the bottom of the electromagnet mechanism, and the bottoms of the polished rod (108) and the lead screw (1012) are connected with the polished rod bottom fixing plate (109); the screw shaft is provided with a screw nut (1014), the screw nut (1014) is fixed with a synchronous pulley connecting piece (1015), the synchronous pulley connecting piece (1015) is provided with a thrust ball bearing A (1039), the thrust ball bearing A (1039) is fixed by a thrust ball bearing fixing seat (105) and is limited by a bearing baffle disc (1040) below to move downwards; the upper end of the synchronous belt wheel connecting piece (1015) is connected with a first synchronous belt wheel set, and a second synchronous belt wheel set is arranged on a Z1 servo motor shaft; the first synchronous belt wheel set is connected with a second synchronous belt wheel set correspondingly arranged on the shaft side of the Z1 servo motor through a synchronous belt C (1019); a Z1 motor mounting seat transverse plate (1017) is connected with the Z1 motor mounting seat vertical plate (1020) to form an L shape, and the Z1 motor mounting seat vertical plate (1020) is vertically arranged on the side edge of the bottom end cover (103) of the forming cylinder; the Z1 servo motor (1013) is arranged below the transverse plate (1017) of the Z1 motor mounting seat.

5. The SLM-type 3D printer according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the feed cylinder assembly part (20) comprises a feed cylinder bore, a square sealing disc, a feed cylinder coupling disc (201), a feed cylinder bottom end cap and a Z-axis drive mechanism; wherein:

the upper end of the feeding cylinder barrel is fixed on a working platform (5014), a square sealing disc is arranged at the contact part of the lower part of the working platform (5014) and the feeding cylinder barrel, and a sealing ring A is arranged on the inner side of the square sealing disc; the lower end of the cylinder barrel of the feeding cylinder is fixedly connected with an end cover at the bottom of the feeding cylinder, and a space for allowing the Z-axis driving mechanism to pass through is arranged on the end cover at the bottom of the feeding cylinder;

the Z-axis driving mechanism is fixed on the end cover of the bottom of the feeding cylinder and extends into the cylinder barrel of the feeding cylinder from the end cover of the bottom of the feeding cylinder, and the end part of the Z-axis driving mechanism extending into the cylinder barrel of the feeding cylinder is connected with the bottom of the chassis of the feeding cylinder.

6. SLM type 3D printer according to claim 5, characterized in that the feed cylinder coupling disc (201) has a loop of felt B (202) glued to its side and a square sealing ring B (203) mounted to its lower edge.

7. The SLM-type 3D printer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the X-axis powdering mechanism component part (30) includes an X-axis driving mechanism, a doctor synchronization mechanism, and a doctor frame (3011); the X-axis driving mechanism extends into the sealed cabin (5015) from the outside of the sealed cabin (5015), the X-axis driving mechanism is connected with a scraper synchronizing mechanism installed inside the sealed cabin (5015), the scraper frame (3011) is installed on the scraper synchronizing mechanism, and the X-axis driving mechanism drives the scraper frame (3011) to move in the X-axis direction through the scraper synchronizing mechanism.

8. The SLM type 3D printer according to claim 7, wherein a doctor blade (3012) is installed on the doctor blade holder (3011), a pair of long waist type notches are provided on the side surface of the doctor blade (3012), the doctor blade (3012) is symmetrical up and down, and both sides can be used as working surfaces; the scraper frame (3011) is equipped with a pair of screw corresponding to long waist type notch department of scraper (3012), scraper frame (3011) top is run through the scraper is equipped with a pair of screw.

9. The SLM-type 3D printer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the laser galvanometer component part (40) comprises a laser galvanometer (401), a galvanometer bracket, a collimating mirror (404), a steel spring washer (406), a galvanometer mount (407), a mirror mounting mechanism, a circular sealing glass (409) and a galvanometer dust cover (4011); the laser galvanometer (401) is arranged on the galvanometer bracket and is opposite to the center of the molding cylinder chassis (1030); the collimating lens (404) is arranged on one side of the galvanometer bracket, which is opposite to the laser galvanometer (401); the galvanometer support is arranged on the galvanometer support (407), and a plurality of steel spring gaskets (406) are arranged between the galvanometer support and the galvanometer support (407); the galvanometer support (407) is fixed on the sealed cabin (5015); the galvanometer dust cover (4011) is covered on the laser galvanometer (401); the lower end of the lens of the laser galvanometer (401) is provided with circular sealing glass (409), and the lens mounting mechanism fixes the circular sealing glass (409) on the lower surface of the top of the sealed cabin.

10. The SLM-type 3D printer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the capsule assembly part (50) comprises the following components: the device comprises a door lock cushion block (501), a lock head (502), a door lock, door sealing glass (504), a door sealing glass gland (505), a porous distribution plate (506), a sealing door framework (507), a powder receiving piece (508), a powder collecting bottle (509), a sealing door hinge (5010), a quick connector (5011), a gas pipe connecting box (5012), a sealing rubber gasket B (5013), a working platform (5014) and a sealing cabin (5015); wherein:

the sealed cabin (5015) is arranged above the working platform (5014), and a sealing ring C is arranged at the contact position of the sealed cabin and the working platform; the sealing door framework (507) is arranged at an opening of the sealing cabin (5015), the cabin door sealing glass gland (505) fixes the cabin door sealing glass (504) in the sealing door framework (507), and a sealing ring F is arranged between the sealing door framework (507) and the cabin door sealing glass (504); the door lock is arranged on the outer side of the sealing door framework (507), the lock head (502) is arranged on a door lock cushion block (501), and the door lock cushion block (501) is fixed on the side wall of the sealing cabin and at a position corresponding to the door lock; a pair of sealing door hinges (5010) is arranged on the side edge of the sealing door framework (507) opposite to the door lock; opposite notches (5016) are formed in the opposite directions of the two sides of the sealed cabin (5015), and the square notches (5016) are opposite to the forming area; a porous distribution plate (506) is arranged at least outside the square notch (5016) on the air inlet side; the outer covers of the two square notches are respectively provided with an air pipe connecting box (5012), and a sealing rubber gasket B (5013) is arranged between the air pipe connecting box and the outer wall of the sealing cabin; the air pipe connecting box (5012) is connected with a quick connector (5011); the powder receiving piece (508) is arranged below the working platform (5014); a sealing ring F is pressed between the powder receiving piece (508) and the sealed cabin wall; the powder collecting bottle (509) is arranged at the lower end of the powder receiving piece (508).