CN212159802U - Multichannel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system - Google Patents

Multichannel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system Download PDF

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CN212159802U
CN212159802U CN202020944743.5U CN202020944743U CN212159802U CN 212159802 U CN212159802 U CN 212159802U CN 202020944743 U CN202020944743 U CN 202020944743U CN 212159802 U CN212159802 U CN 212159802U
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sensor
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central processing
processing unit
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赵明春
佐佐木久郎
张晓明
王永军
张河猛
王琢
杨晓晨
董伟
刘筱颖
李婉静
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Fuxin University Of Technology Hualian Technology Co ltd
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Fuxin University Of Technology Hualian Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The utility model provides a gaseous flux monitoring system of accuse integration soil is adopted to multichannel, including controller, sensor unit, air chamber unit, human-computer interaction interface, the controller adopts MCU, ARM application processor and Linux operating system, realizes that system control and data acquisition's high integration supports visual human-computer interaction interface, GPS time service location, Wi-Fi radio communication and PC cell-phone webpage end remote control to support CO2/O2/CO/CH4And the like, any addition and combination of various gas sensors; the user side supports the setting of monitoring parameters, the real-time display of data and textFunctions such as piece transmission management; the system is based on an in-situ monitoring concept, so that the problem of gas barrier and the problem of unbalanced air pressure in the air chamber are avoided, and the influence of external forces such as an air pump on the air release rate is eliminated; the method can be widely applied to long-term continuous monitoring and scientific research experiments of the soil gas flux in the complex environment under the field unattended condition.

Description

Multichannel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a gaseous flux monitoring technology field in ecology, environmental protection, mining industry, the safety field especially relates to a gaseous flux monitoring system of accuse integration soil is adopted to multichannel.
Background
The soil is the most important core component of the land ecosystem, is the earth producer, maintains the water and nutrient for the plant growth, and supplies the terrestrial organisms through the food chain; it is also a decomposer of the earth, and wastes generated in the environment are decomposed into carbon dioxide, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and other small molecules by microorganisms, and then enter the material circulation again. The soil continuously exchanges gas (CO) with the atmospheric environment while regulating the growth of plants and the material circulation2Nitrogen oxides, sulfides, etc.) maintaining the stability of the atmospheric composition. Therefore, the long-term continuous monitoring of the gas flux of the surface soil has important significance for the aspects of soil ecosystem evaluation, deep stratum state judgment and the like.
Based on published patent intelligent soil gas flux monitoring data acquisition system (with patent application number of CN 201920807690.X, granted officialWith publication (publication) number CN 210037800U), there are the following problems: 1) the monitoring channel is single. In the evaluation of the respiration of soil greenhouse gases, only CO was monitored2Or O2The coupling influence of soil respiration and surface vegetation photosynthesis cannot be comprehensively considered, and the reliability of data is influenced; in the aspect of spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning of coal in a coal seam or a goaf, the index gas comprises CO2、CO、CH4And sulfides and the like, the accurate and reliable judgment of the combustion state, the fire zone range, the moving direction and the moving speed can be realized only by synchronously and synchronously carrying out data acquisition and mutual verification on various characteristic gases, and if the synchronous online monitoring on various gases cannot be carried out, the monitoring efficiency and the evaluation accuracy are greatly reduced. 2) The structural design is not reasonable. The monitoring system adopts an industrial control module with high cost and large volume, so that the control system and the acquisition system must be designed in a split mode, and the monitoring system has the disadvantages of complex wiring, large volume, heavy weight, large occupied area, difficulty in carrying and the like, so that the limitation of monitoring work on the ground surface state, the sampling distance and the field condition is relatively large, and the portability and the field adaptability are relatively poor. 3) The air chamber is imperfect in detail. The gas sensor unit is arranged in the soil ring, and in the process of manually mounting and dismounting the sensor, the gas sensor unit is bound to vibrate precise electronic components, so that the service life of the gas sensor unit is shortened, and the monitoring accuracy is influenced. On the other hand, no rainproof facility is arranged outside the air chamber air vent, the water immersion probability of the gas sensor unit in the air chamber in rainy and snowy weather is increased, and the service life of the sensor is greatly reduced. 4) The function setting is not flexible. The user side can not set and change monitoring parameters such as monitoring cycle number, monitoring time, sampling interval time and the like at will, if the parameter change is needed, the program debugging can be carried out only through an external computer, different experimental requirements can not be met, and the method is not beneficial to solving different engineering practice problems. 5) The system operates unintelligibly. The system has no visual interface, can not master the system running state and the data acquisition condition in real time, and can only be checked by manually exporting files to a PC (personal computer) end through a USB (universal serial bus) medium. On the other hand, wireless remote control cannot be realized, a specially-assigned person is required to be responsible for observing the running state of the system on the spot and carrying out file transmission management, and the monitoring efficiency is difficult to improve.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a can investigate multiple gas and environmental factor simultaneously, portable degree is better, field adaptation is stronger, the operation is more intelligent nimble, safe and reliable's soil gas flux monitoring system more.
In order to realize the technical effect, the utility model provides a multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system, which comprises a controller, a sensor unit, an air chamber unit and a human-computer interaction interface;
the controller comprises an MCU singlechip and an ARM application processor, and the MCU singlechip is in data interaction with the ARM application processor in a USART mode;
the sensor unit includes a gas sensor unit including, but not limited to, a CO sensor, a temperature sensor, a gas pressure sensor, and a soil moisture sensor2Sensor, O2Sensor, CO sensor, CH4A sensor;
the air chamber unit comprises a cylinder body provided with a flashboard, an air exchange fan, an upper limit switch, a lower limit switch and a soil ring, wherein the flashboard consists of a closed partition board, a stepping motor, a lifting shaft, a flexible connecting piece and a dust cover;
the human-computer interaction interface comprises a display screen, an indicator light, an operation key and a webpage end;
CO2sensor, O2Sensor, CO sensor, CH4The sensor, the temperature sensor and the soil moisture sensor are respectively in data transmission with the MCU through RS485 communication, the air pressure sensor is in data transmission with the MCU through IIC communication, the stepping motor is connected with the MCU through a lead, the ventilator, the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch are respectively connected with the MCU through leads, the display screen, the indicator light and the operation keys are respectively connected with the MCU through leads, and the webpage end is in data interaction with the ARM application processor through Wi-Fi hotspot signals;
the CO is2Sensor for real-time collection of CO in gas chamber2Concentration data of saidO2Sensor for real-time acquisition of O in gas chamber2Concentration data, the CO sensor is used for acquiring CO concentration data in the gas chamber in real time, and the CH4Sensor is used for gathering CH in air chamber in real time4Concentration data;
the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the temperature data of the air chamber in real time;
the air pressure sensor is used for acquiring air pressure data in the air chamber in real time;
the soil moisture sensor is used for acquiring soil temperature and soil moisture data of the ground surface around the air chamber in real time;
the MCU singlechip comprises a central processing unit, an RS485 communication unit, an IIC communication unit, a flashboard control unit, an I/O control unit and a GPS time service positioning unit;
the central processing unit is used for realizing the operation control of the flashboard control unit and the I/O control unit and processing the real-time data acquired by each sensor;
the RS485 communication unit is used for realizing the issuing of the acquisition instructions of the gas sensor unit, the temperature sensor and the soil moisture sensor and the reading of data by the central processing unit, and realizing that the monitoring system does not limit the types and the number of the accessed sensors by the modbus protocol and the polling reading mode of each sensor;
the IIC communication unit is used for realizing the issuing of the acquisition instruction of the air pressure sensor and the reading of data by the central processing unit;
the flashboard control unit is used for controlling the stepping motor to realize the lifting or descending of the airtight partition board, controlling the ventilating fan to realize the ventilation of the air chamber and controlling the monitoring and standing time of the air chamber;
the I/O control unit is used for realizing the control of the central processing unit on the display screen, the indicator light and the operation keys;
the GPS time service positioning unit comprises a GPS receiver, the GPS receiver is in data transmission with the MCU through a lead, acquires a standard clock signal and geographical position information from a satellite through the GPS receiver, and transmits the standard clock signal and the standard geographical position information to the central processing unit, so that the time calibration and the real-time position positioning of the monitoring system are realized;
the ARM application processor comprises a Wi-Fi hotspot unit, a webpage control unit, a file management unit and a storage unit, and is integrated with a webpage control function and a file management function;
the webpage end of the man-machine interaction interface realizes information interaction between the webpage end and the ARM application processor through the Wi-Fi hot spot unit and the webpage control unit, realizes functional operations of storing, searching, exporting and deleting data in the storage unit through the file management unit, and can also realize a data interaction function with an external USB storage medium through the file management unit;
the Wi-Fi hotspot unit is used for transmitting Wi-Fi hotspot remote connection signals, the ARM application processor system is used as a server side, and the mobile phone or the PC is used as a client side, so that data interaction in a 2.4GHz wireless communication form is realized;
the webpage control unit is used for realizing information interaction between a webpage end and an ARM application processor, a user can remotely send a functional parameter or file management request for modifying a system to the central processing unit at the webpage end of the man-machine interaction interface through a Wi-Fi hot spot signal and a USART data interaction mode, the central processing unit can also transmit received real-time data to the webpage end of the man-machine interaction interface, the functional parameters of the system comprise system total cycle number setting, single cycle data acquisition number setting, file management password setting, Wi-Fi hot spot name and connection password setting and infinite cycle mode setting, and the file management request comprises data file export and deletion and real-time data query;
the file management unit is used for realizing the functions of storing, searching, exporting and deleting data files through a Linux system integrated on an ARM application processor, when a monitoring system is inserted into an external USB storage medium, the file management unit firstly identifies an access signal of the external storage medium and feeds the identified access signal back to the central processing unit through USART data interaction, the central processing unit sends an instruction to control the USB detection lamp to be turned on according to the received access signal, when a user inputs a request signal for copying/downloading files through a man-machine interaction interface, the file management unit feeds the request signal back to the central processing unit through the USART data interaction, and the central processing unit sends the instruction to control the data transmission lamp to be turned on according to the received request signal and reflects the file transmission rate with the flash frequency;
the storage unit is used for storing and backing up real-time data in a Linux system, real-time data collected by a sensor, calculated flux data, parameter setting information, geographical position information, system time information, system running state information and indicator light state information, temporary data information when an MCU singlechip processes data and temporary data information when an ARM application processor processes data, wherein the indicator light state information comprises a state indicator light for indicating the running state of the system, an error state light for indicating system error information, a USB detection light for indicating a USB detection state and a data transmission light for indicating a data transmission state, and the storage unit is composed of storage media of two properties of an RAM chip and an eMMC chip.
The flashboard control unit is used for controlling the stepping motor to realize the lifting of the closed partition board, and the flashboard control unit is specifically expressed as follows: after the central processing unit sends the air chamber to open the instruction to flashboard control unit, flashboard control unit control step motor starts, central processing unit record motor running state is 1, step motor drives airtight baffle and begins to promote, when airtight baffle has triggered upper limit switch, or has not triggered upper limit switch but step motor walking step number when reaching predetermineeing the step number yet, flashboard control unit feedback signal gives central processing unit, central processing unit record motor running state is 0, and send instruction to flashboard control unit, cut off the motor power through flashboard control unit, airtight baffle promotes the operation and finishes, the air chamber is in the complete open state, through flashboard control unit output flashboard promote the signal that the operation was finished, and feed back to central processing unit.
The flashboard control unit is used for controlling the ventilating fan to realize ventilation of the air chamber, and is specifically expressed as follows: after receiving the signal that the flashboard lifting operation is finished, the central processing unit sends an instruction to control the ventilator to start to work, records that the operating state of the ventilator is 1, starts to time the operating time of the ventilator through the flashboard control unit, outputs a signal of finishing ventilation through the flashboard control unit when the operating time of the ventilator reaches the preset operating time and feeds back the signal to the central processing unit, records that the operating state of the ventilator is 0, sends an instruction to cut off the power supply of the ventilator, and finishes the ventilation.
The gate plate control unit is used for controlling the stepping motor to realize the descending of the closed partition plate, and the specific expression is as follows: after the central processing unit sends an air chamber closing instruction to the flashboard control unit, the flashboard control unit controls the stepping motor to start, the central processing unit records that the running state of the motor is 1, the stepping motor drives the airtight partition board to start descending, when the airtight partition board triggers the lower limit switch, or when the walking step number of the stepping motor reaches the preset step number without triggering the lower limit switch, the flashboard control unit feeds back a signal to the central processing unit, the central processing unit records that the running state of the motor is 0, and sends an instruction to the flashboard control unit, the motor power supply is cut off by the flashboard control unit, the descending running of the airtight partition board is finished, the air chamber is in a completely airtight state, the flashboard control unit outputs a signal of the descending running completion of the flashboard, and the.
The flashboard control unit is used for controlling the monitoring and standing time of the air chamber, and is specifically expressed as follows: after the central processing unit receives the signals of the end of ventilation, the time of the standing time of the air chamber is timed through the flashboard control unit, when the standing time of the system reaches the preset standing time, the control operation of monitoring the standing time of the air chamber is finished, the signals of the monitoring and standing end are output through the flashboard control unit, and the signals are fed back to the central processing unit.
The central processing unit processes the acquired real-time data, and the specific expression is as follows: the gas sensor unit transmits the collected gas data including but not limited to CO to the central processor unit through the RS485 communication unit2Concentration data, O2Concentration data, CO concentration data, CH4The concentration data, the temperature sensor transmits the collected air chamber temperature data to the central processing unit through the RS485 communication unit, the soil moisture sensor transmits the collected soil temperature and soil moisture data to the central processing unit through the RS485 communication unit, the air pressure sensor transmits the collected air pressure data to the central processing unit through the IIC communication unit, the central processing unit performs analog-to-digital conversion processing on the received analog signals of each sensor to obtain digital quantity signals corresponding to each analog signal, the analog signals comprise gas data, air chamber temperature data, air pressure data, soil temperature and soil moisture data, the central processing unit performs calculation processing on the relation between time and concentration on the digital quantity signals by using a least square method to obtain a gas concentration rising slope value and a fitting goodness value, and the concentration rising slope value is brought into a flux calculation formula, and obtaining flux values of the collected gas data, storing the flux values obtained by calculation and the gas data, the gas chamber temperature data, the gas pressure data, the soil temperature and the soil water data in a storage unit, and using the goodness-of-fit value to evaluate the reliability of flux value calculation.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1) increase of monitoring channel: the utility model discloses an application program control and hardware function extension of developing by oneself can realize the synchronous on-line monitoring to multiple gas, except common CO in the soil gas flux2CO and CH are added in addition to the temperature and humidity sensor4、O2The system can monitor various monitoring channels such as air pressure and the like, supports the random addition, change and combination of various gases, is plug and play, is convenient and quick, and can simultaneously inspect CO in the aspect of soil greenhouse gas respiration evaluation2And O2The concentration and flux changes of the gas can comprehensively consider the coupling influence of the soil respiration and the photosynthesis of the surface vegetation, evaluate the synergistic effect of the soil respiration and the surface vegetation, and enhance the reliability and persuasion of the data; in the aspect of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning of coal beds or goafs, CO is synchronously and synchronously collected at the same point2、CO、CH4And sulfide and other gas concentration and flux data of various indexes, and improves the combustion of underground coal fireState evaluation, fire zone range definition, and reliability and accuracy of moving direction and speed prejudgment.
2) And (3) integration of acquisition and control: be different from the components of a whole that can function independently design of traditional measurement and collection system, the utility model discloses integrated as an organic whole with control system and collection system, portability and open-air adaptability have fully been improved.
3) Upgrading the operating system: the industrial control module with high cost and large volume is replaced, a self-developed low-power consumption MCU + ARM control system is adopted, a Linux operating system is operated, and the system is stable in operation, rapid in operation, high in fault tolerance and low in cost.
4) The client side operation authority: different from the traditional monitoring system, the user can not set and change the monitoring parameters at will, and the parameter change can only be realized by program debugging through an external computer. The utility model discloses set up display screen and operation button, can realize through system's human-computer interaction interface that monitoring cycle period number sets for, time and password setting, monitoring data shows in real time, running state looks over and detects, functions such as file transmission and management.
5) The wireless operation may be remote: the utility model discloses realize Wi-Fi focus and insert, cell-phone or PC can communicate with the system through Wi-Fi. The development of the web page end control interface can easily realize the display function, parameter setting and system control which are the same as those of the entity operation interface at the web page end, the operation of manually observing the system running state on the spot, carrying out file transmission management and the like is not needed, the monitoring efficiency is greatly improved, and the method is suitable for the field unattended long-term continuous monitoring work.
6) Hardware detail modification: the utility model discloses concentrate all gas sensors and set up to the air chamber in, optimize the sensor spatial layout, simplified the soil ring function, set up such as sensor in the cancellation soil ring and solid fixed ring, need not manual installation and dismantlement sensor, avoid causing the vibrations interference to the accurate electronic components in air chamber upper portion; a rain-proof cap is additionally arranged outside the ventilation opening so as to improve the monitoring adaptability of extreme weather such as rain, snow, wind, sand and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional schematic diagram of a multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system in the utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of structure A-A of the present invention; (a) the air chamber is in a closed state, and (b) the air chamber is in an open state;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of structure B-B of the present invention; (a) the air chamber is in a closed state, and (b) the air chamber is in an open state;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a human-computer interaction interface of the multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system in the utility model;
FIG. 6 is a control timing diagram of the multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an electrical wiring diagram of the multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system in the utility model;
in the figure, 1-controller, 1-1-power interface, 1-2-soil moisture sensor interface, 1-3-USB interface, 2-cylinder, 2-1-vent, 2-2-filter, 2-3-wire groove, 2-4-guide groove, 2-5-limit slot, 2-6-1-front sensor fixing plate, 2-6-2-rear sensor fixing plate, 2-7-1-front sensor socket plate, 2-7-2-rear sensor socket plate, 2-8-vent rain cap, 3-soil ring, 3-1-limit support ring, 3-2-vent, 4-1-CO.2Sensor, 4-2-O2Sensor, 4-3-CO sensor, 4-4-CH4The system comprises a sensor, a 4-5-temperature sensor, a 4-6-air pressure sensor, a 4-7-soil moisture sensor, a 5-flashboard, a 5-1-circular cover plate, a 5-2-flow guide clapboard, a 5-3-lifting shaft, a 5-4-flexible connecting piece, a 5-5-stepping motor, a 5-6-dustproof cover, a 6-1-MCU singlechip, a 6-2-ARM application processor, a 7-1-ventilating fan, a 7-2-ventilating fan fixing plate, an 8-1-upper limit switch, an 8-2-lower limit switch, a 9-man-machine interaction interface, a 9-1-display screen, a 9-2-indicator light and a 9-2-1-state indicator light, 9-2-2-error state lamp, 9-2-3-USB detection lamp, 9-2-4-data transmission lamp, 9-3-operation key, 9-3-1-power switch key, 9-3-2-confirmation key, 9-3-3-return key, 9-3-4-direction selection key and 9-4-webpage end; 10-an external power supply device;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are illustrative only, and include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system comprises a controller 1, a sensor unit, a gas chamber unit and a human-computer interaction interface 9;
the controller 1 comprises an MCU singlechip 6-1 and an ARM application processor 6-2, and the MCU singlechip 6-1 carries out data interaction with the ARM application processor 6-2 in a USART mode;
the sensor units include gas sensor units including, but not limited to, CO, temperature sensors 4-5, gas pressure sensors 4-6, and soil moisture sensors 4-72Sensor 4-1, O2Sensor 4-2, CO sensor 4-3, CH44-4 sensors, wherein each sensor is symmetrically mounted during mounting;
the air chamber unit comprises a cylinder 2 provided with a flashboard 5, an air exchange fan 7-1, an upper limit switch 8-1, a lower limit switch 8-2 and a soil ring 3, wherein the flashboard 5 consists of a closed partition board, a stepping motor 5-5, a lifting shaft 5-3, a flexible connecting piece 5-4 and a dust cover 5-6;
the human-computer interaction interface 9 comprises a display screen 9-1, an indicator light 9-2, an operation key 9-3 and a webpage end 9-4;
CO2sensor 4-1, O2Sensor 4-2, CO sensor 4-3, CH4The sensor 4-4, the temperature sensor 4-5 and the soil moisture sensor 4-7 are respectively communicated with the MCU singlechip 6-1 through RS485 for data transmission, the air pressure sensor 4-6 is communicated with the MCU singlechip 6-1 through IIC for data transmission, the stepping motor 5-5 is connected with the MCU singlechip 6-1 through a lead, the ventilation fan 7-1, the upper limit switch 8-1 and the lower limit switch 8-2 are respectively connected with the MCU singlechip 6-1 through leads, the display screen 9-1, the indicator lamp 9-2 and the operation key 9-3 are respectively connected with the MCU singlechip 6-1 through leads, and the webpage end 9-4 is subjected to data interaction with the ARM application processor 6-2 through a Wi-Fi hotspot signal;
the CO is2Sensor with a sensor element4-1 for real-time CO acquisition in gas cells2Concentration data of said O2The sensor 4-2 is used for acquiring O in the air chamber in real time2The CO sensor 4-3 is used for acquiring CO concentration data in a gas chamber in real time, and the CH4The sensor 4-4 is used for acquiring CH in the air chamber in real time4Concentration data;
the temperature sensor 4-5 is used for acquiring the temperature data of the air chamber in real time;
the air pressure sensor 4-6 is used for acquiring air pressure data in the air chamber in real time;
the soil moisture sensors 4-7 are used for acquiring soil temperature and soil moisture data of the ground surface around the air chamber in real time;
the MCU singlechip 6-1 comprises a central processing unit, an RS485 communication unit, an IIC communication unit, a flashboard control unit, an I/O control unit and a GPS time service positioning unit;
after the system is powered on, a user sets various functional parameters and issues a circular operation opening instruction through a human-computer interaction interface 9, a central processing unit controls a gas sensor unit, a temperature sensor 4-5 and a soil moisture sensor 4-7 to start data acquisition work through an RS485 communication unit, controls an air pressure sensor 4-6 to start data acquisition work through an IIC communication unit, starts circular operation, automatically issues an air chamber opening instruction through the central processing unit, controls a stepping motor 5-5 to realize the lifting of a sealed partition plate through a gate plate control unit, outputs a signal of the end of the lifting operation of the gate plate 5 through the gate plate control unit after the lifting of the sealed partition plate is finished, and feeds the signal back to the central processing unit, the central processing unit records that the air chamber state is 1, and indicates that the air chamber is in a completely open state, and after the central processing unit receives the, when the preset working time of the ventilator 7-1 is reached, the ventilation is finished, a ventilation finishing signal is output through the flashboard control unit and fed back to the central processing unit, after the central processing unit receives the ventilation finishing signal, the flashboard control unit is instructed to control the monitoring standing time of the air chamber, the requirement that the gas in the air chamber stands for a certain time to eliminate the influence of soil gas emission disturbance in the ventilation process is met, when the preset standing time is reached, the monitoring standing finishing is output through the flashboard control unit and fed back to the central processing unit, after the central processing unit receives the monitoring standing finishing signal, the flashboard control unit controls the stepping motor 5-5 to realize the descending of the sealing partition board, and after the descending of the sealing partition board is finished, the signal of the end of descending operation of the flashboard 5 is output through the flashboard control unit and fed back to the central processing unit, the central processing unit records that the state of the air chamber is 0, the air chamber is in a completely closed state, the central processing unit controls the state indicator lamp 9-2-1 to light up through the I/O control unit after receiving the signal of the end of descending operation of the flashboard 5, the central processing unit starts to record data collected by the gas sensor unit, the temperature sensor 4-5, the air pressure sensor 4-6 and the soil moisture sensor 4-7 and stores the data in the storage unit on the ARM application processor 6-2 in a USART mode, when real-time data stored in each cycle reaches a preset total sampling number, the central processing unit stops recording the data collected by each sensor until one cycle monitoring cycle is ended, after one cycle period is finished, the monitoring system enters the air chamber opening stage of the next cycle period, the control timing chart is shown in fig. 6, the used programming software is keil uVision5, and the programming languages are C and C + + languages;
the central processing unit is used for realizing the operation control of the flashboard control unit and the I/O control unit and processing the real-time data acquired by each sensor;
the RS485 communication unit is used for realizing the issuing of the collecting instructions of the gas sensor unit, the temperature sensors 4-5 and the soil moisture sensors 4-7 and the reading of data by the central processing unit, and realizing that the monitoring system does not limit the types and the number of the accessed sensors by a modbus protocol and a polling reading mode of each sensor;
the IIC communication unit is used for realizing the issuing of the acquisition instructions of the air pressure sensors 4-6 and the reading of data by the central processing unit;
the flashboard control unit is used for controlling the stepping motor 5-5 to realize the lifting or descending of the closed partition board, controlling the ventilator 7-1 to realize the ventilation of the air chamber and controlling the monitoring and standing time of the air chamber;
the I/O control unit is used for realizing the control of the central processing unit on the display screen 9-1, the indicator light 9-2 and the operation key 9-3;
the GPS time service positioning unit comprises a GPS receiver, the GPS receiver is in data transmission with the MCU singlechip 6-1 through a lead, acquires a standard clock signal and geographical position information from a satellite through the GPS receiver, and transmits the standard clock signal and the standard geographical position information to the central processing unit, so that the time calibration and the real-time position positioning of the monitoring system are realized;
the ARM application processor 6-2 comprises a Wi-Fi hotspot unit, a webpage control unit, a file management unit and a storage unit, and the ARM application processor 6-2 is integrated with a webpage control function and a file management function;
the webpage end 9-4 of the man-machine interaction interface 9 realizes information interaction between the webpage end 9-4 and the ARM application processor 6-2 through a Wi-Fi hot spot unit and a webpage control unit, realizes functional operations of storing, searching, exporting and deleting data in a storage unit through a file management unit, and can also realize a data interaction function with an external USB storage medium through the file management unit;
the Wi-Fi hotspot unit is used for transmitting Wi-Fi hotspot remote connection signals, the ARM application processor 6-2 system is used as a server side, and the mobile phone or the PC is used as a client side, so that data interaction in a 2.4GHz wireless communication form is realized;
the webpage control unit is used for realizing information interaction between a webpage end 9-4 and an ARM application processor 6-2, a user can remotely send a function parameter or file management request for modifying a system to the central processing unit at the webpage end 9-4 of the man-machine interaction interface 9 through a Wi-Fi hot spot signal and a USART data interaction mode, the central processing unit can also transmit received real-time data to the webpage end 9-4 of the man-machine interaction interface 9, the function parameter of the system comprises system total cycle number setting, single cycle data acquisition number setting, file management password setting, Wi-Fi hot spot name and connection password setting and infinite cycle mode setting, and the file management request comprises data file export and deletion and real-time data query;
the file management unit is used for realizing the functions of storing, searching, exporting and deleting the data files through a Linux system integrated on an ARM application processor 6-2, when a monitoring system is inserted into an external USB storage medium, the file management unit firstly identifies an access signal of the external storage medium and feeds the identified access signal back to the central processing unit through USART data interaction, the central processing unit sends an instruction to control the USB detection lamp 9-2-3 to be lightened according to the received access signal, when a user inputs a request signal for file copying/downloading through a human-computer interaction interface 9, the file management unit feeds the request signal back to the central processing unit through the USART data interaction, the central processing unit sends the instruction to control the data transmission lamp 9-2-4 to be lightened according to the received request signal, and reflecting the file transmission rate by the flash frequency;
the storage unit consists of storage media with two properties of RAM and eMMC chips and is used for storing and backing up real-time data in the Linux system, real-time data acquired by a sensor, calculated flux data, parameter setting information, geographical position information, system time information, system running state information and indicator light 9-2 state information, temporary data information when the MCU singlechip 6-1 processes data and temporary data information when the ARM application processor 6-2 processes data, the status information of the indicator light 9-2 comprises a status indicator light 9-2-1 for indicating the running status of the system, an error status light 9-2-2 for indicating the error information of the system, a USB detection light 9-2-3 for indicating the USB detection status and a data transmission light 9-2-4 for indicating the data transmission status.
The gate plate control unit is used for controlling the stepping motors 5-5 to realize the lifting of the closed partition plate, and the specific expression is as follows: after the central processing unit sends an air chamber opening instruction to the flashboard control unit, the flashboard control unit controls the stepping motor 5-5 to start, the central processing unit records that the running state of the motor is 1, the stepping motor 5-5 drives the airtight partition board to start lifting, when the airtight partition board triggers the upper limit switch 8-1, or when the upper limit switch 8-1 is not triggered but the walking steps of the stepping motor 5-5 reach the preset steps, the flashboard control unit feeds back a signal to the central processing unit, the central processing unit records that the running state of the motor is 0 and sends an instruction to the flashboard control unit, the power supply of the motor is cut off by the flashboard control unit, the lifting operation of the airtight partition board is finished, the air chamber is in a completely open state, and outputting a signal of the lifting operation end of the gate plate 5 through the gate plate control unit, and feeding back the signal to the central processing unit.
The flashboard control unit is used for controlling the ventilator 7-1 to realize ventilation of the air chamber, and is specifically expressed as follows: after receiving the signal that the lifting operation of the flashboard 5 is finished, the central processing unit sends an instruction to control the ventilator 7-1 to start working, records that the operating state of the ventilator 7-1 is 1, starts timing the operating time of the ventilator 7-1 through the flashboard control unit, outputs a ventilation finishing signal through the flashboard control unit when the operating time of the ventilator 7-1 reaches the preset operating time and feeds the ventilation finishing signal back to the central processing unit, records that the operating state of the ventilator 7-1 is 0, sends an instruction to cut off the power supply of the ventilator 7-1, and finishes ventilation.
The gate plate control unit is used for controlling the stepping motors 5-5 to realize the descending of the closed partition plate, and the specific expression is as follows: after the central processing unit sends an air chamber closing instruction to the flashboard control unit, the flashboard control unit controls the stepping motor 5-5 to be started, the central processing unit records that the running state of the motor is 1, the stepping motor 5-5 drives the airtight partition board to start to descend, when the airtight partition board triggers the lower limit switch 8-2, or when the lower limit switch 8-2 is not triggered yet but the walking steps of the stepping motor 5-5 reach the preset steps, the flashboard control unit feeds back a signal to the central processing unit, the central processing unit records that the running state of the motor is 0 and sends an instruction to the flashboard control unit, the power supply of the motor is cut off by the flashboard control unit, the descending operation of the airtight partition board is finished, the air chamber is in a completely airtight state, and outputting a signal of finishing the descending operation of the gate 5 through the gate control unit and feeding back the signal to the central processing unit.
The flashboard control unit is used for controlling the monitoring and standing time of the air chamber, and is specifically expressed as follows: after the central processing unit receives the signals of the end of ventilation, the time of the standing time of the air chamber is timed through the flashboard control unit, when the standing time of the system reaches the preset standing time, the control operation of monitoring the standing time of the air chamber is finished, the signals of the monitoring and standing end are output through the flashboard control unit, and the signals are fed back to the central processing unit.
The central processing unit processes the acquired real-time data, and the specific expression is as follows: the gas sensor unit transmits the collected gas data including but not limited to CO to the central processor unit through the RS485 communication unit2Concentration data, O2Concentration data, CO concentration data, CH4The concentration data, the temperature sensor 4-5 transmits the collected air chamber temperature data to the central processing unit through the RS485 communication unit, the soil moisture sensor 4-7 transmits the collected soil temperature and soil moisture data to the central processing unit through the RS485 communication unit, the air pressure sensor 4-6 transmits the collected air pressure data to the central processing unit through the IIC communication unit, the central processing unit performs analog-to-digital conversion on the received analog signals of each sensor to obtain digital quantity signals corresponding to each analog signal, the analog signals comprise gas data, air chamber temperature data, air pressure data, soil temperature and soil moisture data, the central processing unit performs time and concentration relation resolving processing on the digital quantity signals by using a least square method to obtain a gas concentration rising slope value and a fitting goodness value, and substituting the concentration rising slope value into a flux calculation formula to obtain a flux value of each collected gas data, storing the flux value obtained by calculation and each gas data, gas chamber temperature data, air pressure data, soil temperature and soil water data in a storage unit, and using the fitting goodness value to evaluate the reliability of flux value calculation.
The system structure diagram in the embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and the electrical wiring diagram is shown in fig. 7, and the system structure diagram mainly comprises a controller 1, a cylinder 2, a soil ring 3 and a sensor; the cylinder body 2 and the soil ring 3 form an air chamber; the cylinder body 2 and the controller 1 are of an integrated structure and are integrally arranged on the upper part of the soil ring 3; the sensor comprises CO2Sensor 4-1、O2Sensor 4-2, CO sensor 4-3, CH4A sensor 4-4, a temperature sensor 4-5, an air pressure sensor 4-6, a soil moisture sensor 4-7 and the like.
The embodiment relates to the types of main electrical components: the MCU singlechip is STM32F103ZE, the ARM application processor is RaspberryPi 3b +, the RAM is W9825G6KH, the eMMC chip is SDIN7DP2-32G, and CO2The sensor is HL-1S001, O2The sensor is HL-1S007, the CO sensor is HL-1S006, CH4The sensor is HL-1S005, the temperature sensor is HL-1S002, the air pressure sensor is HL-1S004, and the soil moisture sensor is HL-1S 003.
The monitoring system controller 1 and the barrel 2 are integrally installed on the soil ring 3, the diameter of the upper part of the soil ring 3 is slightly smaller than that of the barrel 2, the monitoring system controller is embedded into the lower part of the barrel 2 during installation, the monitoring system controller is hermetically connected with the barrel 2 through a limiting clamping groove 2-5 of the barrel 2, and the barrel 2 and the soil ring 3 are assembled into an air chamber; the soil moisture sensor 4-7 is inserted into the peripheral earth surface soil beside the air chamber, is connected with the soil moisture sensor interface 1-2 of the controller 1 through an aviation plug and is used for measuring the temperature and moisture of the soil; two sides of the upper cylinder wall of the cylinder body 2 are provided with air exchange ports 2-1 for exchanging air in the air chamber; a detachable rain hat 2-8 is arranged outside the air exchange port 2-1; the wall of the cylinder body 2 is provided with a filtering port 2-2 for filtering and leading out sand and stone particles which may be involved under the field working condition; the wall of the cylinder body 2 is provided with wire grooves 2-3 which are used as connecting channels of all the wires and the controller 1; the outer wall of the soil ring 3 is provided with a limiting support ring 3-1 for limiting the pressing depth of the soil ring 3 and assisting in supporting the upper structure; the limiting support ring 3-1 is provided with a plurality of air holes 3-2 for ensuring the free diffusion state of soil gas at a soil-atmosphere two-phase interface; the monitoring system supports wireless control and data transmission of a mobile phone and a PC webpage end 9-4;
as shown in fig. 3 (a), a power interface 1-1, a soil moisture sensor interface 1-2 and a USB interface 1-3 are provided outside the controller 1. The power interface 1-1 is connected with an external power supply device 10(12V direct current power supply) to supply power to the whole system, and the interface is arranged in a waterproof manner, so that the operation is simple, safe and reliable on the premise of ensuring the field adaptability; the soil moisture sensor interface 1-2 adopts a waterproof aviation plug to connect the soil moisture sensor 4-7 with the control system, so that the waterproof and dustproof effects are realized on the basis of ensuring the stable and reliable transmission of the acquired data; the USB interface 1-3 is connected with an external USB storage medium and used for exporting the system acquisition data, and the interface is provided with a waterproof and dustproof cap to isolate rainwater infiltration and sand erosion. Preferably, the protection level is preferably in accordance with the IP67 standard.
The middle part of the cylinder body 2 is of a double-layer structure of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and the wall surface of the inner cylinder is provided with guide grooves 2-4; the joint of the inner and outer cylinder walls forms a limit clamping groove 2-5, and a limit clamping groove sealing rubber ring is attached to the limit clamping groove 2-5 to realize the sealing connection with the soil ring 3.
A flashboard 5 is arranged in the cylinder body 2, and the flashboard 5 comprises a sealed partition board, a lifting shaft 5-3, a flexible connecting piece 5-4, a stepping motor 5-5 and a dust cover 5-6; the closed partition plate is an integrally formed part of a circular cover plate 5-1 and a rectangular flow guide partition plate 5-2; the diameter of the circular cover plate 5-1 is between the diameters of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a groove is arranged on the lower edge of the circular cover plate 5-1, and a sealing rubber ring is arranged in the groove to realize sealing with the inner cylinder; the lifting shaft 5-3 is embedded in the center of the closed partition plate, and the other end of the lifting shaft 5-3 is connected with the stepping motor 5-5 through a flexible connecting piece 5-4; the stepping motor 5-5 drives the lifting shaft 5-3 to rotate so that the closed partition plate moves up and down slowly along the axial direction of the guide groove 2-4 on the inner cylinder wall to realize the opening and closing of the air chamber; the dust cover 5-6 is arranged outside the lifting shaft 5-3, the upper part of the dust cover is fixed on the lower surface of the controller 1, and the lower part of the dust cover is fixed on the upper surface of the circular cover plate 5-1, and is used for preventing dust, fine sand and the like from adhering to the inside of the lifting shaft 5-3 to influence the operation fluency of the lifting shaft. The dust cover 5-6 is made of flexible, light and thin transparent materials, and the connection stability and the operation condition of the lifting shaft 5-3 can be clearly observed.
As shown in fig. 3 (b), the controller 1 is internally provided with an MCU singlechip 6-1 and an ARM application processor 6-2, which perform data interaction in a USART manner. The air pressure sensor 4-6 is arranged in the controller 1, is directly connected with a corresponding socket of the controller 1 and is used for measuring the change of the ambient atmospheric pressure.
Two sensor fixing plates 2-6-1 and 2-6-2 are arranged at the middle of the inner cylinder wall of the cylinder body 2, the upper end of the sensor fixing plate is flush with the fixed plate 7-2 of the ventilating fan, the lower end of the sensor fixing plate is flush with the lower edge of the cylinder body 2, and two sensor socket plates 2-7-1 and 2-7-2 are respectively arranged on the sensor fixing platesThe above step (1); CO 22Sensor 4-1, O2The sensor 4-2 and the temperature sensor 4-5 are arranged on the sensor socket plate 2-7-1;
as shown in fig. 4 (a), when the shutter 5 is in a completely closed state, the upper edge of the inner cylinder wall of the cylinder 2 is embedded into the groove of the lower edge of the circular cover plate 5-1; a semicircular ventilator fixing plate 7-2 is arranged on one side of the upper part of the inner side of the inner cylinder wall of the cylinder body 2, a ventilator 7-1 is fixed on the lower surface of the inner cylinder wall, and the ventilator works in each circulation ventilation stage and stops in other stages through program setting to promote gas exchange in a gas chamber; when the closed partition plate descends, the flow guide partition plate 5-2 extends into the gap between the two sensor fixing plates 2-6-1 and 2-6-2, and works in cooperation with the ventilation fan 7-1 in the ventilation process to form an airflow channel, so that turbulence, vortex and short circuit of an air passage are avoided, and the air chamber is ensured to ventilate fully; the ventilator fixing plate 7-2 and the sensor fixing plates 2-6-1 and 2-6-2 are integrated with the inner wall of the cylinder body; CO sensor 4-3 and CH4And the sensor 4-4 is arranged on the sensor socket plate 2-7-2.
As shown in fig. 4 (b), the lower edge position of the circular cover plate 5-1 is lifted to the upper edge of the ventilation port 2-1 when the shutter 5 is in the fully opened state; an upper limit switch 8-1 and a lower limit switch 8-2 are respectively arranged at the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the circular cover plate 5-1 during operation, and when the circular cover plate 5-1 runs to the limit positions, the upper limit switch 8-1 or the lower limit switch 8-2 is triggered to act, so that a power supply is cut off, and the closed partition plate stops running; the wiring of the ventilation fan 7-1, the upper limit switch 8-1 and the lower limit switch 8-2 respectively penetrates out of the wire through holes in the wall surface of the cylinder 2 and is connected to the corresponding jack in the controller 1 through the wire groove 2-3 arranged in the wall of the cylinder 2; each sensor in the air chamber is inserted into the sensor socket plate, the socket plate is integrated and then penetrates out of the wire passing hole in the wall surface of the barrel body 2, and the wire passing hole is connected to a corresponding socket in the controller 1 through a wire groove 2-3 formed in the barrel body wall.
As shown in FIG. 5, the human-computer interaction interface 9 is composed of a display screen 9-1, an indicator light 9-2, an operation key 9-3 and a web page end 9-4; the display screen 9-1 is connected with the MCU singlechip 6-1 in the controller 1 through an I/O interface, and a dot-matrix low-temperature-resistant screen is adopted, so that outdoor requirements can be met; the indicator light 9-2 comprises a State indicator light (State)9-2-1, an Error State light (Error)9-2-2, a USB detection light (USB)9-2-3, a data transmission light (Copy)9-2-4 and the like, and is respectively connected with the MCU singlechip 6-1 in the controller 1 through an I/O interface; the operation keys 9-3 comprise a power switch key 9-3-1, a confirmation key 9-3-2, a return key 9-3-3, a direction selection key 9-3-4 and the like, and are respectively connected with the MCU singlechip 6-1 in the controller 1 through an I/O interface; the functions of setting monitoring parameters, setting time and passwords, displaying monitoring data in real time, checking and detecting running states, transmitting and managing files and the like can be realized through the human-computer interaction interface 9.
Adopt the utility model provides a monitoring method of accuse integration soil gas flux monitoring system is adopted to multichannel, including following step:
step 1: and lifting the gate plate 5: after the operation period begins, starting a stepping motor 5-5 to drive a closed partition plate to lift until an upper limit switch 8-1 is touched and then cutting off a power supply of the stepping motor 5-5, lifting a circular cover plate 5-1 on the closed partition plate to the upper edge of a scavenging port 2-1, enabling an air chamber to be in a completely open state, firstly detecting the state of a flashboard 5 before each circulation of the system, if the air chamber is not in the completely open state due to foreign matter blockage or last incomplete circulation, controlling the stepping motor 5-5 to drive the closed partition plate to operate until the air chamber is in the completely open state, and if the air chamber is in the completely open state before the first circulation begins, defaulting the system to wait for the stepping motor 5-5 to finish a preset number of steps and then directly entering;
step 2: and (3) air exchange stage: when the air chamber is in a complete opening state, controlling the ventilator 7-1 to start working, timing the working time of the ventilator 7-1, and finishing ventilation when the working time of the ventilator 7-1 reaches a preset working time;
and step 3: and (3) monitoring a standing stage: after the ventilation is finished, in order to reduce the influence of ventilation disturbance on monitoring of gas in the gas chamber, the standing time of the gas chamber is set through a monitoring system, the gas in the gas chamber is in a natural gushing state, and the monitoring standing is finished when the standing time of the gas chamber reaches the preset standing time;
and 4, step 4: shutter 5 lowering phase: when the monitoring and standing are finished, controlling a stepping motor 5-5 to drive a sealed partition plate to descend until a lower limit switch 8-2 is touched, cutting off a power supply of the stepping motor 5-5, enabling the lower edge of a circular cover plate 5-1 to be tightly attached to the upper edge of the inner cylinder wall of the cylinder body 2, and enabling an air chamber to be in a completely closed state;
and 5: a measurement stage: when the air chamber is in a completely closed state, controlling each sensor to start real-time data acquisition according to a preset sampling time interval, processing the real-time data acquired by each sensor by the central processing unit and then storing the processed real-time data in the storage unit, when the real-time data stored in each cycle period reaches a preset total sampling number, stopping recording the data by the system, ending one cycle monitoring period, enabling the monitoring system to enter the lifting stage of the next cycle gate plate 5, and controlling the time sequence as shown in fig. 6.
The use process of the multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system comprises the following steps:
A) installing a soil ring 3: the method is suggested to select the position with higher terrain and flat ground as a measuring point to clean pumice, loose soil and sundries on the ground surface. Vertically pressing the soil ring 3 into the soil until the limiting support ring 3-1 is tightly attached to the ground; in order to ensure the stability of the upper air chamber and the accuracy of gas flux calculation, the pressed soil ring 3 is required to be kept as horizontal as possible, and in order to avoid the influence of soil disturbance, the soil ring 3 is required to wait for 1-2 hours before data measurement is carried out.
B) Mounting the controller 1 and the barrel 2: the soil ring 3 is embedded into the cylinder body 2, and is connected and sealed with the soil ring 3 through the limiting clamping grooves 2-5, and the soil ring 3 is pressed flat, so that the axes of the controller 1, the cylinder body 2 and the soil ring 3 are overlapped and perpendicular to the ground.
C) Installing a soil moisture sensor 4-7: the interface end of the soil moisture sensor 4-7 is connected with the interface 1-2 of the soil moisture sensor through an aviation plug, and the measuring end is inserted into the soil around the soil ring 3, wherein the insertion depth is not less than 3cm and is used for measuring the temperature and the moisture of the soil.
D) Connecting a power line: the power line is connected with the external power supply equipment 10 and the power interface 1-1;
E) starting up and running: and selecting a power switch key 9-3-1 of the man-machine interaction interface 9 to start up, and starting an instrument display screen 9-1. The GPS positioning time service function automatically positions and calibrates the system time, the system starts a self-checking program to detect feedback signals of each sensor, and if no feedback exists, corresponding fault information is displayed in a display screen 9-1 of a human-computer interaction interface 9. After the system is started, the sensor is started immediately and is preheated, and the system collects sensor data according to a set program in a cycle period in the whole monitoring process so as to realize the stability of the working state of the sensor and the accuracy of monitoring data.
F) Wireless connection: and the webpage end 9-4 (a mobile phone or a PC) searches for the instrument Wi-Fi, and after password connection, a corresponding website is input in a browser to enter a system webpage end 9-4 management interface.
G) System setting: the functional parameters including the data acquisition number of single cycle, the total cycle times, the infinite cycle mode (only concentration measurement and no flux calculation) and the like can be set through an operation key 9-3 on the man-machine interaction interface 9 or a webpage end 9-4 management interface.
H) The operation is started: the system starts monitoring work by clicking a Run or Start command through an operation key 9-3 of a man-machine interaction interface 9 or a web page end 9-4 management interface, and a State indicator lamp (State)9-2-1 starts flashing.
I) And (3) monitoring circulation: the system starts to execute the monitoring cycle program and the monitoring cycle begins.
J) And (3) checking the real-time state: the monitoring state of the instrument can be checked in real time through a display screen 9-1, an indicator light 9-2 or a webpage end 9-4 management interface on the human-computer interaction interface 9. The monitoring states that can be displayed in real time include monitoring data (gas concentration, temperature, moisture, gas pressure values) of each sensor, flux values calculated by adjacent cycles, operation states (normal, fault, data transmission, etc.), completed monitoring time, and completed/total cycles, etc.
K) And (5) finishing the operation:
and (4) automatically ending: if the set cycle number of the system is finished, the running states displayed in the display screen 9-1 and the webpage end 9-4 of the human-computer interaction interface 9 are Finish, and the system automatically stops working;
and (4) manual ending: if the cycle number set by the system is not finished, the monitoring work is finished in advance according to the actual situation, the Stop command can be clicked through the operation key 9-3 or the webpage end 9-4 of the human-computer interaction interface 9, and then the system can be manually stopped.
L) data transmission:
USB transmission: the USB storage medium is inserted into the USB interface 1-3, and the USB detection lamp 9-2-3 is on for a long time. Inputting start and stop time of data to be copied by matching an operation key 9-3 of a human-computer interaction interface 9 with a display screen 9-1, clicking a Copy command, inputting a password, then starting to export the data, flashing a data transmission lamp 9-2-4 at the moment, turning off the data transmission lamp 9-2-4, namely finishing data transmission, and directly storing the data into a USB master catalog;
wireless transmission: entering a webpage end 9-4 of a man-machine interaction interface 9, inputting start and stop time of data to be copied, clicking a Download command, inputting a password, selecting a storage path, starting to export the data, and directly storing the data in a mobile phone or a PC.
M) closing a power switch key 9-3-1, disconnecting the external power supply and detaching the power line.
N) dismantling the soil moisture sensor 4-7.
O) dismantling the air chamber: dismantle controller 1 and barrel 2, native ring 3 from top to bottom in proper order, put into shock attenuation containing box, the monitoring work finishes.
The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all other embodiments obtained without inventive step or equivalent changes, modifications, variations, combinations or decorations without departing from the principle of the present application would be within the scope of the protection of the present patent.

Claims (6)

1. A multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system is characterized by comprising a controller, a sensor unit, an air chamber unit and a human-computer interaction interface;
the controller comprises an MCU singlechip and an ARM application processor, and the MCU singlechip is in data interaction with the ARM application processor in a USART mode;
the sensor unit comprises a gas sensor unit, a temperature sensor, a gas pressure sensor and a soil moisture sensor, wherein the gas sensor unit comprises but is not limited toIn CO2Sensor, O2Sensor, CO sensor, CH4A sensor;
the air chamber unit comprises a cylinder body provided with a flashboard, an air exchange fan, an upper limit switch, a lower limit switch and a soil ring, wherein the flashboard consists of a closed partition board, a stepping motor, a lifting shaft, a flexible connecting piece and a dust cover;
the human-computer interaction interface comprises a display screen, an indicator light, an operation key and a webpage end;
CO2sensor, O2Sensor, CO sensor, CH4The sensor, the temperature sensor and the soil moisture sensor are respectively in data transmission with the MCU through RS485 communication, the air pressure sensor is in data transmission with the MCU through IIC communication, the stepping motor is connected with the MCU through a lead, the ventilator, the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch are respectively connected with the MCU through leads, the display screen, the indicator light and the operation keys are respectively connected with the MCU through leads, and the webpage end is in data interaction with the ARM application processor through Wi-Fi hotspot signals;
the CO is2Sensor for real-time collection of CO in gas chamber2Concentration data of said O2Sensor for real-time acquisition of O in gas chamber2Concentration data, the CO sensor is used for acquiring CO concentration data in the gas chamber in real time, and the CH4Sensor is used for gathering CH in air chamber in real time4Concentration data;
the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the temperature data of the air chamber in real time;
the air pressure sensor is used for acquiring air pressure data in the air chamber in real time;
the soil moisture sensor is used for acquiring soil temperature and soil moisture data of the ground surface around the air chamber in real time;
the MCU singlechip comprises a central processing unit, an RS485 communication unit, an IIC communication unit, a flashboard control unit, an I/O control unit and a GPS time service positioning unit;
the central processing unit is used for realizing the operation control of the flashboard control unit and the I/O control unit and processing the real-time data acquired by each sensor;
the RS485 communication unit is used for realizing the issuing of the acquisition instructions of the gas sensor unit, the temperature sensor and the soil moisture sensor and the reading of data by the central processing unit, and realizing that the monitoring system does not limit the types and the number of the accessed sensors by the modbus protocol and the polling reading mode of each sensor;
the IIC communication unit is used for realizing the issuing of the acquisition instruction of the air pressure sensor and the reading of data by the central processing unit;
the flashboard control unit is used for controlling the stepping motor to realize the lifting or descending of the airtight partition board, controlling the ventilating fan to realize the ventilation of the air chamber and controlling the monitoring and standing time of the air chamber;
the I/O control unit is used for realizing the control of the central processing unit on the display screen, the indicator light and the operation keys;
the GPS time service positioning unit comprises a GPS receiver, the GPS receiver is in data transmission with the MCU through a lead, acquires a standard clock signal and geographical position information from a satellite through the GPS receiver, and transmits the standard clock signal and the standard geographical position information to the central processing unit, so that the time calibration and the real-time position positioning of the monitoring system are realized;
the ARM application processor comprises a Wi-Fi hotspot unit, a webpage control unit, a file management unit and a storage unit, and is integrated with a webpage control function and a file management function;
the webpage end of the man-machine interaction interface realizes information interaction between the webpage end and the ARM application processor through the Wi-Fi hot spot unit and the webpage control unit, realizes functional operations of storing, searching, exporting and deleting data in the storage unit through the file management unit, and can also realize a data interaction function with an external USB storage medium through the file management unit;
the Wi-Fi hotspot unit is used for transmitting Wi-Fi hotspot remote connection signals, the ARM application processor system is used as a server side, and the mobile phone or the PC is used as a client side, so that data interaction in a 2.4GHz wireless communication form is realized;
the webpage control unit is used for realizing information interaction between a webpage end and an ARM application processor, a user can remotely send a functional parameter or file management request for modifying a system to the central processing unit at the webpage end of the man-machine interaction interface through a Wi-Fi hot spot signal and a USART data interaction mode, the central processing unit can also transmit received real-time data to the webpage end of the man-machine interaction interface, the functional parameters of the system comprise system total cycle number setting, single cycle data acquisition number setting, file management password setting, Wi-Fi hot spot name and connection password setting and infinite cycle mode setting, and the file management request comprises data file export and deletion and real-time data query;
the file management unit is used for realizing the functions of storing, searching, exporting and deleting data files through a Linux system integrated on an ARM application processor, when a monitoring system is inserted into an external USB storage medium, the file management unit firstly identifies an access signal of the external storage medium and feeds the identified access signal back to the central processing unit through USART data interaction, the central processing unit sends an instruction to control the USB detection lamp to be turned on according to the received access signal, when a user inputs a request signal for copying/downloading files through a man-machine interaction interface, the file management unit feeds the request signal back to the central processing unit through the USART data interaction, and the central processing unit sends the instruction to control the data transmission lamp to be turned on according to the received request signal and reflects the file transmission rate with the flash frequency;
the storage unit is used for storing and backing up real-time data in a Linux system, real-time data collected by a sensor, calculated flux data, parameter setting information, geographical position information, system time information, system running state information and indicator light state information, temporary data information when an MCU singlechip processes data and temporary data information when an ARM application processor processes data, wherein the indicator light state information comprises a state indicator light for indicating the running state of the system, an error state light for indicating system error information, a USB detection light for indicating a USB detection state and a data transmission light for indicating a data transmission state, and the storage unit is composed of storage media of two properties of an RAM chip and an eMMC chip.
2. The multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the gate control unit is used for controlling a stepping motor to realize the lifting of the closed partition plate, and the specific expression is as follows:
after the central processing unit sends the air chamber to open the instruction to flashboard control unit, flashboard control unit control step motor starts, central processing unit record motor running state is 1, step motor drives airtight baffle and begins to promote, when airtight baffle has triggered upper limit switch, or has not triggered upper limit switch but step motor walking step number when reaching predetermineeing the step number yet, flashboard control unit feedback signal gives central processing unit, central processing unit record motor running state is 0, and send instruction to flashboard control unit, cut off the motor power through flashboard control unit, airtight baffle promotes the operation and finishes, the air chamber is in the complete open state, through flashboard control unit output flashboard promote the signal that the operation was finished, and feed back to central processing unit.
3. The system for monitoring the gas flux in the soil through integration of multi-channel collection and control according to claim 1, wherein the gate control unit is used for controlling an air exchange fan to realize air exchange of an air chamber, and the system is specifically expressed as follows:
after receiving the signal that the flashboard lifting operation is finished, the central processing unit sends an instruction to control the ventilator to start to work, records that the operating state of the ventilator is 1, starts to time the operating time of the ventilator through the flashboard control unit, outputs a signal of finishing ventilation through the flashboard control unit when the operating time of the ventilator reaches the preset operating time and feeds back the signal to the central processing unit, records that the operating state of the ventilator is 0, sends an instruction to cut off the power supply of the ventilator, and finishes the ventilation.
4. The multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the gate control unit is used for controlling a stepping motor to realize the descent of the closed partition plate, and the specific expression is as follows:
after the central processing unit sends an air chamber closing instruction to the flashboard control unit, the flashboard control unit controls the stepping motor to start, the central processing unit records that the running state of the motor is 1, the stepping motor drives the airtight partition board to start descending, when the airtight partition board triggers the lower limit switch, or when the walking step number of the stepping motor reaches the preset step number without triggering the lower limit switch, the flashboard control unit feeds back a signal to the central processing unit, the central processing unit records that the running state of the motor is 0, and sends an instruction to the flashboard control unit, the motor power supply is cut off by the flashboard control unit, the descending running of the airtight partition board is finished, the air chamber is in a completely airtight state, the flashboard control unit outputs a signal of the descending running completion of the flashboard, and the.
5. The multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the gate control unit is used for controlling the monitoring and standing time of the gas chamber, and the monitoring and standing time is specifically expressed as follows:
after the central processing unit receives the signals of the end of ventilation, the time of the standing time of the air chamber is timed through the flashboard control unit, when the standing time of the system reaches the preset standing time, the control operation of monitoring the standing time of the air chamber is finished, the signals of the monitoring and standing end are output through the flashboard control unit, and the signals are fed back to the central processing unit.
6. The multi-channel sampling and control integrated soil gas flux monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit processes the acquired real-time data, specifically expressed as:
the gas sensor unit transmits the collected gas data including but not limited to CO to the central processor unit through the RS485 communication unit2Concentration data, O2Concentration ofData, CO concentration data, CH4The concentration data, the temperature sensor transmits the collected air chamber temperature data to the central processing unit through the RS485 communication unit, the soil moisture sensor transmits the collected soil temperature and soil moisture data to the central processing unit through the RS485 communication unit, the air pressure sensor transmits the collected air pressure data to the central processing unit through the IIC communication unit, the central processing unit performs analog-to-digital conversion processing on the received analog signals of each sensor to obtain digital quantity signals corresponding to each analog signal, the analog signals comprise gas data, air chamber temperature data, air pressure data, soil temperature and soil moisture data, the central processing unit performs calculation processing on the relation between time and concentration on the digital quantity signals by using a least square method to obtain a gas concentration rising slope value and a fitting goodness value, and the concentration rising slope value is brought into a flux calculation formula, and obtaining flux values of the collected gas data, storing the flux values obtained by calculation and the gas data, the gas chamber temperature data, the gas pressure data, the soil temperature and the soil water data in a storage unit, and using the goodness-of-fit value to evaluate the reliability of flux value calculation.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112444344A (en) * 2021-02-01 2021-03-05 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Aerostat airbag air tightness detection device and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112444344A (en) * 2021-02-01 2021-03-05 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Aerostat airbag air tightness detection device and method

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