CN212152963U

CN212152963U - Sound absorption and vibration reduction device for track bed

Info

Publication number: CN212152963U
Application number: CN202020103577.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐宁; 秦俊飞; 张用兵; 易笑*; 易笑; 王志强; 樊永欣; 李强
Original assignee: Luoyang Sunrui Rubber and Plastic Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Luoyang Sunrui Rubber and Plastic Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-17
Filing date: 2020-01-17
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2030-01-17

Abstract

The utility model discloses a track ballast bed inhales sound vibration damper, including abatvoix and apron. Inhale sound damping device and railway roadbed and pass through the cushion and connect, and the vibration energy that acts on the railway roadbed system when will train motion passes through the cushion shifts the transmission extremely inhale sound damping device, and utilize the damping power consumption of cushion is in order to reach the effect of railway roadbed damping, utilizes simultaneously the abatvoix absorbs the purpose of circuit noise in order to realize making an uproar. The sound-absorbing board is a plane sound-absorbing board or a curved-surface sound-absorbing board and is provided with through holes, so that the sound-absorbing frequency spectrum can be widened, and middle and high-section noise sensitive to human ears in rail wheel noise can be absorbed.

Description

Sound absorption and vibration reduction device for track bed

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a technical field that the track traffic damping was fallen and is made an uproar, in particular to lay at track bed surface inhale sound damping device.

Background

The high-speed railway and urban rail transit bring great convenience to people in life and travel, and have been widely and rapidly developed all over the world. The surrounding environment and people's life are also seriously influenced by noise pollution and generated vibration caused by the popularization and acceleration of trains.

The noise sources of the rail transit vehicle mainly comprise rail structure radiation noise, rail wheel noise, motor noise, air conditioning system noise and electromagnetic noise of a pantograph. The wheel-rail noise generated by wheel-rail coupling is the most dominant noise source, and particularly, the wheel-rail noise intensity of the curve segment is higher. But also the noise spectrum is different under different driving conditions. Under the condition of starting or low-speed running, the noise of the vehicle power equipment is a main sound source, and the peak frequency of the noise is 63-100 Hz; when the train starts to run and the speed exceeds 50-60 km/h, the wheel track noise is a main sound source, the higher the speed is, the higher the wheel track noise is, the higher the action frequency is, and the peak frequency is 600-800 Hz.

There are generally three ways of noise processing, the first being the way of solving from the sound source. The influence factors of the wheel-rail noise are many, such as: rail type, sleeper pad stiffness, damping, sleeper type, sleeper spacing, rail corrugation, train speed, axle load, ambient temperature, etc., wherein the track system has the greatest impact on noise, and therefore, noise radiation is typically reduced by reducing track system vibration. The second is a solution from the sound transmission path, such as isolating the air noise transmission path in a totally enclosed manner for the vehicle, installing a sound absorption structure to reduce the energy in the sound transmission process, improving the cut-off frequency of the vehicle body structure and changing the sound transmission bandwidth. The third is to protect the noise recipient, such as a person or precision equipment wearing a closed helmet. However, in general, due to the popularity, openness and safety of rail transit, the second sealed vehicle and the third closed helmet wearing mode are not preferable, and it is difficult to improve the cutoff frequency of the vehicle body structure.

In the field of rail transit, it is therefore common to reduce noise and vibration in an indirect manner by improving wheel-rail coupled vibration and mounting sound absorbing structures. The sound absorption structure mainly utilizes the sound absorption mechanism of the sound absorption material with holes, a large number of tiny pores are distributed in the sound absorption structure, and the tiny pores have certain intercommunity. The system of each tiny pore and its corresponding air layer is similar to a Helmholtz resonator, and the resonance sound absorption structure of the sound absorption material with pores can be understood as a parallel connection of a plurality of Helmholtz resonators. When sound waves enter the small holes, the air in the cavity is excited to vibrate, if the frequency of the sound waves is the same as the resonance frequency of the structure, the air in the cavity resonates, the air column at the pore position of the fine hole vibrates in a reciprocating mode, the speed and the amplitude reach the maximum values, the friction and the damping are also the maximum values, at the moment, sound energy is converted into heat energy to the maximum extent, namely, the sound energy is consumed to the maximum extent, and therefore the efficient sound absorption effect is achieved. The perforated sound absorption plate is mainly matched with a sound insulation structure and is arranged on an overhead line in a sound absorption and insulation barrier mode; the porous sound absorption brick/board is a cement-based porous subway track sound absorption board which is prepared by taking ceramsite, ordinary portland cement and concrete as raw materials and adding polyester fibers, a water reducing agent and other additives as auxiliary materials. The structure mainly utilizes the principle that the micropores formed among the small-particle-size ceramsite reach the sound absorption, and is generally manufactured through the stages of material mixing, stirring, compression molding, maintenance, mold removal and the like. The structure is a block structure, like hydrophobic porous bricks of a road pavement, and is mainly arranged between or outside wheel tracks in a track system.

Although the factors such as gaps, sound absorption rate and through holes of the sound barrier type perforated sound absorption technology can be satisfied, the energy of the wheel track sound source is mainly concentrated between the tracks and not at the sound barrier, so the sound energy absorbed by the sound barrier is mainly the noise transmitted to the sound barrier by the vehicle, and the wheel track noise cannot be absorbed to reduce the energy of the noise transmitted into the vehicle, so the absorbed energy accounts for a smaller percentage of the total energy. The sound absorption plate using the ceramsite, the ordinary portland cement and the concrete as raw materials has irregular micropores in the manufacturing process, large and small gaps, disordered sound absorption functions and extremely small through-hole rate, and once silt enters the gaps, the sound absorption plate cannot be cleaned, so that the sound absorption efficiency is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the structure is installed on the basis of the original ballast bed, so that the possibility that the height of the ballast bed exceeds the top surface of the steel rail is easily caused, and certain risks are brought when a train operates.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of this, the utility model aims at providing a track bed inhales sound damping device. Inhale sound vibration damper and lay along track direction, including abatvoix and apron, the lower surface of apron is laid on the road bed, the upper surface of apron with the abatvoix cooperatees. The sound-absorbing plate can reduce noise generated when a rail train runs, and the cover plate can transfer vibration energy generated when part of the train runs, so that noise generated by vibration of a track bed and structural vibration radiation is reduced. The purpose of reducing the noise of the rail wheel is achieved through the matching of the sound-absorbing plate and the cover plate.

Preferably, the sound-absorbing plate is provided with through holes. And sound waves enter the through holes along the sound-absorbing plate to cause the air to vibrate, so that the air and the hole wall are rubbed, and sound energy is converted into heat energy to be consumed. When the through hole is blocked by external dust, the through hole can be cleaned in a direct flushing mode, and the operation is convenient.

Preferably, the sound-absorbing plate is a planar sound-absorbing plate or a curved sound-absorbing plate. The curved surface-shaped sound-absorbing board has variable shape, and can widen the sound-absorbing frequency and the sound-absorbing efficiency.

Preferably, the through-holes are arranged in a vertical and/or oblique direction. The through holes arranged along the inclined direction can prolong the distance of the sound waves entering the through holes, and the noise reduction effect is improved.

Preferably, an elastic member is provided between the upper surface of the cover plate and the sound-absorbing plate. The elastic element can be elastically deformed under the action of vibration, so that the effect of vibration reduction and damping is achieved, the sound absorption plate and the cover plate are prevented from being lost when the train vibrates, and vibration sound radiation is reduced.

Preferably, there is at least one cavity between the upper surface of the cover plate and the sound-absorbing panel. The size of cavity can set up according to the behavior of train to satisfy different noise frequency channels, and reduce the pressure wave of air, improve noise reduction effect.

Preferably, a support structure is provided between the upper surface of the cover plate and the sound-absorbing plate. The supporting structure can bear larger load, and rail workers can walk on the cover plate to avoid the sound-absorbing plate from being damaged.

Preferably, the cover plate and the sound-absorbing plate are detachably connected.

Preferably, the cover plate and the sound-absorbing plate are connected through bolts. The acoustic panel can direct dismouting, is convenient for clear up maintenance and change.

Preferably, an elastic pad is arranged between the cover plate and the track bed, and vibration energy is partially consumed through the elastic pad, so that vibration of the track bed can be reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the track ballast bed inhale sound vibration damper have following advantage:

(1) track ballast bed inhale sound damping device, including abatvoix and apron, can realize inhaling the purpose of sound damping, and simple structure.

(2) The sound absorption and vibration reduction device for the track ballast bed is provided with the cavity, the size of the cavity, the aperture of the through hole and the porosity of the sound absorption plate are designed according to the noise spectrum characteristics of different road sections, the frequency spectrum width of sound absorption is adjusted and changed, the curved sound absorption plate can widen the sound absorption frequency band, and the middle and high frequency band noise sensitive to ears in the track wheel noise can be absorbed;

(3) the sound absorption and vibration reduction device of the track bed is of a detachable structure, is convenient for daily cleaning and maintenance, and the sound absorption plate is provided with through holes which can be directly cleaned by adopting a scouring mode;

(4) track ballast bed inhale sound damping device's bearing structure can bear great load, can bear normal constructor's load, avoid the abatvoix to suffer destruction.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without undue limitation. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a track bed noise absorption and vibration reduction device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another structure of the sound and vibration absorbing device for a track bed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the apparatus of FIG. 2;

fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the sound-absorbing panel of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-acoustic panel, 2-cover plate, 3-through hole, 4-ballast bed, 5-elastic element, 6-support structure, 7-cavity, 8-elastic pad, 9-elastic fixed pressing plate, 10-bolt, 11-connecting table, 12-bearing table, 13-gap, 14-plane acoustic panel, 15-curved acoustic panel and 16-dismounting device.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

A sound and vibration absorbing device for a track bed is laid along the track direction. As shown in fig. 1-4, the sound absorption and vibration reduction device for the track bed comprises a sound absorption plate 1 and a cover plate 2, wherein the lower surface of the cover plate 2 is laid on the track bed 4, and the upper surface of the cover plate 2 is combined with the sound absorption plate 1. The sound-absorbing and vibration-damping device can achieve the purpose of reducing noise and vibration. The sound-absorbing panel 1 may be a metallic material or a composite material. The metal material is light, the flame retardant property is good, and the durability of the composite material is good.

The left side and the right side of the cover plate 2 are provided with protruding connecting platforms 11, and the connecting platforms 11 are matched with the bearing platform 12 of the ballast bed 4, so that the cover plate 2 is fixedly arranged on the ballast bed 4. The lower surface of the cover plate 2 is coupled with the track bed 4 by an elastic cushion 8. The cover plate 2 and the elastic pad 8 are combined into a counterweight resonant mass unit. Under the condition that the rigidity of the cover plate 2 is not changed, the vibration isolation and participation quality of the track bed 4 is increased, and the vibration isolation frequency of a track bed system is reduced. In this embodiment, the elastic pad 8 is disposed between the connecting stage 11 and the bearing stage 12. The vibration of the track bed 4 increases when the train is running. Partial vibration energy of the track bed 4 is transferred to the cover plate 2, so that vibration of the track bed 4 and noise caused by vibration radiation can be reduced. The cover plate 2 generates a reaction force with a reverse force phase on the track bed 4, so that the vibration energy transmitted by the track bed 4 is consumed, and meanwhile, the elastic cushion 8 converts part of the vibration energy into heat through self damping. The vibration intensity of the track bed 4 is reduced, and the vibration of the steel rail is reduced to a certain extent, so that the noise of the vibration sound radiation of the steel rail is reduced. A gap 13 is formed between the lower surface of the cover plate 2 and the track bed 4, so that the vibration isolation and participation quality of the track bed is improved. As shown in fig. 3, a detaching device 16 is arranged on the plate body of the cover plate 2, and the detaching device 16 is a pre-embedded hanging ring or a pre-embedded sleeve, so that the cover plate 2 can be conveniently detached and lifted and dragged.

An elastic member 5 may be provided between the upper surface of the cover plate 2 and the sound-absorbing plate 1. The elastic element 5 can be made of elastic materials such as rubber, polyurethane and the like, and is laid continuously or discontinuously. When the sound-absorbing board 1 is vibrated, the elastic elements 5 receive the vibration to generate elastic deformation, buffer and damp, block and absorb part of vibration energy, reduce the vibration of the sound-absorbing board 1 and avoid the vibration sound radiation. At the same time, the elastic elements 5 can reduce the impact wear between the sound-absorbing panel 1 and the cover plate 2.

In the process of entering the object, the sound wave follows the characteristic impedance matching principle, and when the surface impedance of the object is closer to the characteristic impedance of air, the sound is more beneficial to entering the object. As shown in fig. 4, the sound-absorbing plate 1 is provided with through holes 3, so that the acoustic impedance of the surface of the sound-absorbing plate 1 can be reduced to be close to that of air, and sound can enter more easily. The through holes 3 may be uniformly or non-uniformly provided in plurality. As shown in fig. 3, the through holes 3 are uniformly distributed on the sound-absorbing plate 1 and are filled with the sound-absorbing plate 1. The through hole 3 may be at least one of a circular hole, a square hole, a tapered hole or a special-shaped hole, and has various sizes. And setting according to the frequency spectrum characteristics of the sound according to the running condition of the rail train. When sound waves enter the through holes 3 through the sound-absorbing board 1, friction occurs between air and hole walls, so that the energy of sound vibration is converted into heat, the purpose of attenuating sound energy is achieved, and the noise of the rail wheel is greatly reduced. When the sound-absorbing board 1 experiences long-time dust in natural environment, the through holes 3 are not blocked, and the dust can be removed in a flushing mode, so that daily cleaning and maintenance are facilitated.

Example 2

The sound-absorbing plate 1 of the sound-absorbing and vibration-damping device for the track bed can be arranged into a planar sound-absorbing plate 14 or a curved sound-absorbing plate 15. As shown in fig. 1, the sound-absorbing panel 1 is a planar sound-absorbing panel 14. As shown in fig. 2, the sound-absorbing plate 1 is a curved sound-absorbing plate 15. The curved sound-absorbing panel 15 can widen the sound-absorbing frequency band and the sound-absorbing efficiency because the curved shape is variable. Meanwhile, the space formed by the curved surface can further improve the effect of converting sound energy into heat energy due to viscous and resonant sound absorption modes. Because the noise energy of the rail wheel is mainly concentrated in medium and high frequency, the curved surface-shaped sound-absorbing board 15 can greatly reduce the noise pollution caused by train operation and absorb the medium and high frequency band noise sensitive to human ears in the rail wheel noise.

The through holes 3 may be drilled in a vertical direction, i.e., in a direction perpendicular to the track bed 4, or in an oblique direction, i.e., in a direction not perpendicular to the track bed 4, or in an alternating arrangement of vertical and oblique through holes. When the through-hole 3 is an inclined through-hole, the inclined through-hole has a longer propagation path than the vertical through-hole. When train noise is transmitted, sound waves are transmitted in the pore channels of the through holes 3, the distance of the sound passing through the inclined holes is increased, the transmission path of the sound waves is increased, and the sound absorption effect of the sound absorption plate 1 is increased.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a support structure 6 is mounted between the sound-absorbing plate 1 and the cover plate 2, leaving at least one cavity 7. The supporting structure 6 can bear larger load, and when working personnel work on the ballast bed 4, the supporting structure can provide support and disperse weight, so that the strength of the sound-absorbing board 1 is increased, and the sound-absorbing board 1 is prevented from being damaged. After the sound wave enters the through holes 3 through the surface of the sound-absorbing plate 1 and is reduced by a part, the sound wave enters the cavity 7 and resonates with air in the cavity 7, the energy of the vibration is converted into heat energy, the noise energy is further attenuated, and the pressure wave of the air can be relieved.

The train operation condition is complicated, can adjust according to the noise spectrum characteristic of different highway sections track bed sound absorption damping device. Through changing the size of cavity 7, can change the power of sound absorption, especially improve low frequency sound absorption performance, and combine the aperture size and the porosity of through-hole 3 of abatvoix 1 (the area of through-hole 3 with the ratio of abatvoix 1 total area), the spectral width that the adjustment changed the sound absorption, the power of changing the sound absorption performance simultaneously satisfies the requirement of making an uproar of falling of different driving conditions and road conditions.

Example 4

The utility model discloses a track ballast bed inhales sound vibration damper is detachable construction, including abatvoix 1, apron 2 and elastic element 5. Firstly, the elastic element 5 is pasted on the upper surface of the cover plate 2, then the sound-absorbing plate 1 is arranged on the elastic element 5, and an elastic fixed pressing plate 9 is covered on the sound-absorbing plate 1. The elastic fixing pressure plate 9 and the sound-absorbing plate 1 are fixed on the cover plate 2 through bolts 10. Because the train track stands adverse circumstances such as sand wind, rain and snow throughout the year, abatvoix 1 makes things convenient for the dismouting, can improve constructor's work efficiency greatly. When the through holes 3 of the sound-absorbing board 1 are blocked by dust, the sound-absorbing board is cleaned in a flushing mode. When the dust accumulation is serious, the sound-absorbing plate 1 can be detached and cleaned by the bolts 10. When the sound-absorbing board 1 needs to be maintained or replaced, the sound-absorbing board can be directly disassembled and assembled, and operation of constructors is facilitated.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a sound damping device is inhaled to track railway roadbed, inhale sound damping device and lay its characterized in that along the track direction: inhale sound vibration damper includes abatvoix (1) and apron (2), lay the lower surface of apron (2) on ballast bed (4), the upper surface of apron (2) with abatvoix (1) cooperatees.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein: the sound absorption plate (1) is provided with a through hole (3).

3. The device of claim 2, wherein: the through holes (3) are arranged in the vertical and/or oblique direction.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein: the sound-absorbing plate (1) is a planar sound-absorbing plate (14) or a curved-surface sound-absorbing plate (15).

5. The device of claim 1, wherein: an elastic element (5) is arranged between the upper surface of the cover plate (2) and the sound-absorbing plate (1).

6. The device of claim 1, wherein: at least one cavity (7) is arranged between the upper surface of the cover plate (2) and the sound absorption plate (1).

7. The device of claim 1, wherein: and a supporting structure (6) is arranged between the upper surface of the cover plate (2) and the sound-absorbing plate (1).

8. The device of claim 1, wherein: the cover plate (2) and the sound-absorbing plate (1) can be detachably connected.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein: the cover plate (2) and the sound absorption plate (1) are connected through bolts (10).

10. The device of claim 1, wherein: an elastic cushion (8) is arranged between the cover plate (2) and the ballast bed (4).