CN212144993U

CN212144993U - Device for carrying out machining by laser and machine tool thereof

Info

Publication number: CN212144993U
Application number: CN202020298469.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙思叡
Original assignee: Shanghai Nagoya Precision Tools Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Nagoya Precision Tools Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-11
Filing date: 2020-03-11
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-11

Abstract

A laser machining device comprises a hollow rotary table, a cavity, a laser emitter and a light emitting component. The cavity channel is arranged in the hollow rotary table, is used for accommodating the propagation of laser and is provided with an axis with an intersecting angle of 0-15 degrees with the rotary shaft, and the laser emitted by the laser emitter enters the cavity channel and is received by the light emitting part after being emitted. The light-emitting component rotates around the rotating shaft to distribute the laser on the circular surface of the rotating shaft. Use the utility model provides a multiaxis lathe of device forms space multiaxis laser machine tooling scheme with three linear motion axle and a rotary motion axle that is used for fixed work piece phase combination, realizes that laser implements machine tooling with the mode of gyration to the work piece, reduces the positioning error of laser in machine tooling, improves laser machining's precision.

Description

Device for carrying out machining by laser and machine tool thereof

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a machining equipment especially relates to an use laser to implement precision finishing's device to hard material as main means to and install the multiaxis lathe of this device, with the industrialization precision finishing who realizes the cutter.

Background

The laser is a high-precision instrument, and the generator is connected with a laser head through a hard optical path or an optical fiber. The hard optical path usually cannot be moved frequently, and the optical fiber can only move gently in a small space, so that the requirements of multi-axis (such as three-axis, four-axis, five-axis, six-axis and the like) precision machining on efficiency and precision cannot be met.

In order to improve the machining efficiency of the laser, a swing head structure is applied to multi-axis machining, and is suitable for multi-axis laser machining of XA + YZB. The cutting structure is directly connected with the laser emergent end, the laser emergent end swings along with the swing mechanism, and the laser emergent end is usually close to the axis of the rotating shaft so as to reduce the traction of the moving range of the laser emergent end on the optical fiber. The five-axis machining device has the characteristic of simple structure, can be realized by additionally arranging the laser emitting end and the cutting mechanism on a common lathe, and can meet the requirements of some simple five-axis machining. The laser cutting machine is limited by the specifications of a laser emergent end and a cutting mechanism, a laser focus is far away from a rotary axis of a B shaft, and a large rotary radius always exists, so that the positioning error is amplified, the laser cutting machine is difficult to be competent for laser precise five-axis machining with micron-scale precision requirements, and the laser cutting machine is mainly used for laser cutting, laser punching, laser welding and the like of pipes in reality.

Therefore, another rotary swing table structure is developed, is suitable for multi-axis laser processing of XYZ + AB, can keep the swing of the laser emitting end to reduce the pulling on the optical fiber, and the rotary shafts are all superposed on the processed workpiece. When the length ratio of the workpiece to be machined is proper (according to the prior art, when the length of the workpiece is not more than 300mm, the arc length error is not more than 6 mu m), higher precision can be obtained. And because the laser emitting end does not swing, the service life of related components (especially optical fibers) is remarkably prolonged, and the stability is high. Therefore, it is widely adopted as the only solution in precision five-axis machining. However, as the aspect ratio of the processed part increases (i.e. the length of the workpiece is greater than 300mm), the processing precision of the method is rapidly reduced, and the processing of the long-axis part cannot be implemented. Therefore, the application range of the laser in machining is limited.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a device of machine tooling is implemented to laser to the range of application of extension laser in machine tooling is suitable for the processing demand of various specification parts.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for performing machining with laser, which reduces the positioning error of laser in machining and improves the precision of laser machining.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a laser machining device, which can realize the machining of laser in a rotary manner, and can improve the machining precision of long-axis workpieces.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a laser machining apparatus for multi-axis machining equipment (e.g., five-axis machine tool), which can improve the precision of laser rotary machining while reducing the movement and rotation of the laser device, preventing the optical fiber from being drawn, preventing the equipment failure caused by bending/dropping of the optical fiber, and improving the reliability and stability of the equipment while performing laser machining on various specifications of parts.

A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a device for machining with laser, which is used for machining with a rotary mode, thereby improving the machining precision and satisfying the precision machining requirements of various specification parts.

Generally, a laser is a light emitted by an atom when the atom is excited, and when an electron in the atom absorbs energy and then transits from a low energy level to a high energy level and then falls back from the high energy level to the low energy level, the released energy is emitted as a photon. The laser forms can be classified into a continuous laser and a pulse laser. The laser is classified into a hot laser and a cold laser according to the pulse width characteristics of the laser.

The laser emitter comprises: but are not limited to nanosecond, femtosecond or picosecond lasers, producing lasers such as: infrared, blue, green, violet, or extreme violet.

In machining, a workpiece is generally a material or a semi-finished product used for manufacturing a part or a component, and is a machining object in a machining process. Namely, after the workpiece is machined, a product meeting the machining or design requirements is obtained.

Precision machining refers to a machining technique in which the machining precision and surface quality are extremely high. Such as: in the process of machining the cutter, the size, the straightness, the profile degree, the surface roughness, the arc radius of the blade tip and the machining precision are all higher than micron-sized.

Shaft-like workpieces, i.e. having a length at least 3 times the diameter.

A machining apparatus (or machining center) includes a plurality of movement axes. I.e., X, Y and Z axes moving in a linear direction, and a, B, and C axes of revolution about X, Y and Z axes, respectively, in a right-hand cartesian coordinate system.

Machining equipment, such as: numerically controlled machine tools are usually loaded with various control software, and receive and send various commands in the form of codes to automatically process workpieces.

The utility model provides a device for machining is implemented to laser, include

A hollow turntable comprising a rotating shaft;

the cavity channel is used for accommodating the propagation of laser and is provided with an axis which has an intersection angle of 0-15 degrees with the rotating shaft;

the laser transmitter emits laser into the cavity;

and the light emitting component rotates around the rotating shaft and receives the laser emitted by the cavity channel.

The utility model provides a device, the revolving stage if: but not limited to, an inner rotor turntable, an outer rotor turntable, a mechanical transmission turntable, a direct drive turntable and the like, and the inner part of the inner rotor turntable is hollow so as to be provided with cavity channels. The cavity channel arranged in the hollow rotary table is provided with a self-formed outer wall, or the inner wall of the hollow structure in the rotor is used as the outer wall of the cavity channel, and the cavity channel is the hollow structure in the rotary table at the moment, so that the space occupied by the device is reduced.

When the workpiece is processed, the laser emitter moves linearly or is fixed in position along with the turntable, and the emitted laser is reflected or refracted by the reversing component and then enters the cavity.

The device provided by the utility model, still include the switching-over part, laser incidence switching-over part is through reflection or refraction back, penetrates into the chamber again and says. Thus, the position of the laser emitter is maintained, and the optical fiber is not moved or swung and is not pulled. Such as: the laser emitter is fixed on a Z axis, the emitted laser is reflected and then is changed in direction to be transmitted along a Y axis and is transmitted into the cavity channel, the laser is transmitted along a straight line at the outlet end of the cavity channel, the intersection angle of a transmission path and a rotating shaft is 0-10 degrees, the transmission path is received by the light emitting component, and finally the light emitting component emits the laser. In the process of machining a workpiece, in order to adapt to different machining requirements, the rotary table and the light emitting part synchronously reciprocate along the Z axis, and the position of the laser emitter is kept stable without swinging and moving, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being twisted and pulled.

The utility model provides a various devices are installed on the multiaxis lathe to three linear motion axle, a rotary motion axle that is used for fixed work piece and a laser beam revolving axle form five laser machine processing schemes in space mutually, just can realize carrying out machine tooling with the multiaxis mode to the work piece, make the product of complicacy and various structures. Such as: the machine tool is provided with at least three linear shafts, one of the linear shafts is provided with the device (for example, the device is arranged on a plane determined by an X shaft and a Z shaft and moves linearly along the Z shaft), and the other linear shaft is provided with a rotary positioning mechanism to drive the workpiece to be processed to rotate and position (for example, the workpiece is arranged on the plane determined by the X shaft and the Y shaft), so that the processing precision of the workpiece is decoupled with the length of the workpiece, the precision of laser rotation processing is improved, and the laser processing is favorably carried out on parts with various specifications.

Another kind of lathe will the utility model discloses the revolving stage of device is installed in the straight line epaxially, and the device is followed rectilinear movement, and the laser facula that makes to reach light part and jet out is linear movement, rotates around the gyration axle when light part, makes to make laser facula distribute on the surface of revolution, adapts to various work piece processing.

The utility model discloses beneficial effect that technical scheme realized:

the utility model provides a device, one section chamber way is jeted into earlier to the laser that laser emitter jetted out for around the rotatory light-emitting component of gyration of axle jetted out laser around the distribution of gyration axle direction, realize laser and implement machine tooling to the work piece with the mode of gyration, reduce the positioning error that laser should the gyration axle error lead to in machine tooling, improve laser machining's precision, if: the five-axis machining error of the cutter is within 1 mu m.

The device provided by the utility model, the laser that laser emitter jetted out jets into one section chamber way earlier for the laser that the light-emitting component that winds the gyration axle jetted out distributes around the gyration axle direction, can realize the application of laser in major axis work piece (for example: be greater than 300mm) processing, has expanded the range of application of laser in the machine tooling, and can be suitable for the processing demand of various specification parts.

The device provided by the utility model, reduce laser device's removal and rotation, prevented the optic fibre tractive when having improved the precision of laser rotary machining, prevented that optic fibre from buckling/droing the equipment trouble that leads to. The multi-axis laser machining device is applied to multi-axis machining equipment, and is beneficial to improving the reliability and stability of the equipment while laser machining is carried out on parts of various specifications.

The device provided by the utility model, its structure is compacter, not only does benefit to and is applied to current lathe, or is convenient for implement the transformation to current lathe, more does benefit to arranging and utilizing of lathe inner space.

Compared with the prior art, adopt the utility model discloses a multiaxis lathe of device, the situation of laser emitter swing or removal is showing and is descending, reduces or stops the tractive situation to light for life extension. The precision of the processed product is obviously improved. The emitted laser is distributed in the direction of the rotating shaft, so that the complex processing of parts with various specifications by the laser is realized, and various products can be processed in a one-key mode under the control of software.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an apparatus for use in the laser-implemented machining method of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an apparatus for use in the laser-implemented machining method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced with other equivalent solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

In the method for machining by using laser provided by the embodiment, laser emitted by a laser emitter is firstly emitted into a section of cavity channel, then is emitted from the cavity channel, is received by a light emitting component, and is finally emitted by the light emitting component for machining a workpiece; the laser is transmitted along a straight line at the outlet end of the cavity channel, and the intersection angle of the transmission path and a rotating shaft is 0-15 degrees. In a right-hand rectangular coordinate system, the rotating shaft is an A shaft, a B shaft or a C shaft, so that the laser emitted by the light emitting component is distributed around the rotating shaft direction, and the machining of the laser in a rotating mode is realized. In this embodiment, the cavity is disposed on the Y axis, the rotation axis is the B axis, and the light emitting element rotates around the B axis.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an apparatus for use in the laser machining method of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus of the present embodiment includes a laser emitter 100, a cavity lane 200, a light exit section 300, and a turntable 400.

The laser transmitter 100 is disposed at one end of the channel 200, and the laser 110 emitted from the laser transmitter 100 enters the channel 200. In this embodiment, the cavity 200 is a straight tube, and the laser 110 emitted from the laser emitter 100 is incident from the cavity 200 and then propagates in a linear direction without deflection, and exits to the other end. The emitted laser beam is received by the light emitting element 300, and finally, the laser beam 310 subjected to machining is emitted from the light emitting element 300.

In a right-hand rectangular coordinate system, the turntable 400 revolves around the Y-axis, the axis around which the revolution is made being the B-axis (not shown). The channel 200 has an axis (collinear with the laser 110 in the figure, not shown) that is coaxial with the B-axis. The light emitting member 300 rotates around the B axis, so that the emitted laser light is distributed around the B axis direction, and machining is performed by the laser light in a rotating manner. The turntable 400 is of a hollow structure, the cavity channel 200 is arranged in the turntable 400, namely, a section of the turntable 400 is located in a straight tube type hollow cavity, and the axis of the cavity is coaxial with the axis B and is also coaxial with the rotational symmetry axis of the turntable.

As the turntable 400 rotates, the channels 200 disposed therein are not displaced, so that the laser light 110 passing through the channels 200 always travels in a linear direction without being deflected and is always received by the light emitting part 300. The light emitting component 300 continuously rotates around the B shaft to form laser distributed around the rotation direction of the B shaft, the optical fiber does not need to be drawn, the distance between the laser focus and the rotation axis of the B shaft is shortened, the precision of positioning errors is improved, and the high-precision machining of workpieces is realized.

The device of the embodiment is applied to multi-axis machining equipment, so that the laser precision machining of long-axis workpieces can be realized, the application range of the laser in machining is expanded, and the device is suitable for the machining requirements of parts with various specifications.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an apparatus for use in the laser-implemented machining method of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus of the present embodiment is mounted on a support 600 disposed along the Z-axis of a machine tool, and the apparatus performs linear reciprocating motion along the Z-axis, and has a hollow turntable 420 rotating about the B-axis, in which a cavity 200 is provided. In this embodiment, the inner wall of the hollow structure in the rotor is used as the outer wall of the cavity, and the cavity 200 is a hollow structure cavity in the turntable. The laser emitter 100 is arranged on the support 600, the emitted laser 110 is reflected by the reversing component 500 to change the direction and then is emitted into the cavity channel 200, the laser 110 is transmitted along a straight line at the outlet end of the cavity channel 200, and the included angle between the laser 110 and the rotary B axis 410 is 0-15 degrees and is received by the light emitting component 300. The light emitting member 300 rotates about the revolution B axis 410 so that the laser light emitted therefrom is distributed about the revolution direction of the revolution axis. And then the three linear motion shafts on the machine tool and a rotary motion shaft for fixing the workpiece are combined to form a space five-axis laser machining scheme, so that the positioning error caused by the rotary shaft error in the laser machining process is reduced, the laser machining precision is improved, the workpiece is machined in a multi-axis mode, and products with complex and various structures are manufactured. Such as: the five-axis machining error of the cutter is within 1 mu m.

Claims

1. An apparatus for laser-implemented machining, comprising:

a hollow turntable comprising a rotating shaft;

the cavity channel is arranged in the hollow rotary table, is used for accommodating the propagation of laser and is provided with an axis with an intersection angle of 0-15 degrees with the rotary shaft;

the laser transmitter emits laser into the cavity;

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said turntable is selected from the group consisting of an inner rotor turntable, an outer rotor turntable, a mechanical drive turntable, and a direct drive turntable, and is hollow to provide said channels.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said laser emitting device moves linearly with said turret.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser emitting device is fixed in position, and the emitted laser light is reflected or refracted by the deflecting member and then emitted into the channel.

5. A machine tool comprising an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The machine tool of claim 5, further comprising

Three linear motion axes;

the first rotary motion shaft is used for enabling the workpiece to perform rotary motion;

a second axis of rotational movement for mounting the device of any one of claims 1 to 4;

the machining precision of the workpiece is decoupled from the length of the workpiece, and the shafts are combined to form a space five-axis laser machining scheme.