CN212127531U - Nitric acid industry preparation system based on micro-interface is reinforceed - Google Patents
Nitric acid industry preparation system based on micro-interface is reinforceed Download PDFInfo
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- CN212127531U CN212127531U CN201921511829.2U CN201921511829U CN212127531U CN 212127531 U CN212127531 U CN 212127531U CN 201921511829 U CN201921511829 U CN 201921511829U CN 212127531 U CN212127531 U CN 212127531U
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 11
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical class [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a nitric acid industry preparation system based on micro-interface is reinforceed, include: a reactor, a concentrated nitric acid generator, a micro-interface generator and the like. The utility model discloses a broken nitrogen dioxide gas makes it form micron order bubble of micron yardstick, makes micron order bubble and deionized water mix and form gas-liquid mixture to increase the gas-liquid double-phase interfacial area, and reach the effect of strengthening the mass transfer in the predetermined operating condition scope; meanwhile, the micron-sized bubbles can be fully mixed with the deionized water to form a gas-liquid mixture, and the gas-liquid mixture can ensure that the deionized water in the system can be fully contacted with the nitrogen dioxide gas, so that the reaction efficiency of the system is effectively improved, and the conversion rate of the nitric acid is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a nitric acid preparation technical field especially relates to a nitric acid industry preparation system based on micro-interface is reinforceed.
Background
Nitric acid is strong acid with strong oxidizing property and corrosiveness, belongs to unitary inorganic strong acid, is one of six inorganic strong acids, and is also an important chemical raw material. Can be used for preparing chemical fertilizers, pesticides, explosives, dyes, salts and the like in industry; in organic chemistry, a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid is an important nitration reagent, and the industrial application of nitric acid mainly comprises the following steps:
1. as a necessary raw material of nitrate and nitrate, nitric acid is used for preparing a series of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and the like; also can be used for preparing nitrate or nitro-containing explosive.
2. Since nitric acid is both oxidizing and acidic, nitric acid is also used to refine metals, i.e., impure metals are first oxidized to nitrates, and then reduced after impurities are removed.
3. Adding glycerol into concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid to prepare nitroglycerol.
4. The nitrated explosive is prepared, and 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is mostly used in military. It is made up by using toluene, concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid through the reaction, and is a yellow sheet material, and has the advantages of large explosive power, stable medicinal property and small hygroscopicity, etc.
The existing industrial preparation process of nitric acid is ammonia oxidation method, the ammonia oxidation method is a main way for preparing nitric acid in industrial production, the main flow is that the mixed gas of ammonia and air (oxygen: nitrogen is approximately equal to 2: 1) is introduced into a platinum-rhodium alloy net with glowing temperature (760 + 840 ℃), ammonia is oxidized into nitric oxide under the catalysis of the alloy net, the generated nitric oxide is continuously oxidized into nitrogen dioxide by using the oxygen after the reaction, and then the nitrogen dioxide is introduced into water to prepare the nitric acid.
Based on the technical principle of preparing nitric acid by the ammonia oxidation method, the prior industrial nitric acid preparation system and process have the following problems:
in the existing industrial nitric acid preparation system and process, in the process of preparing nitric acid by introducing nitrogen dioxide gas into water, gas and liquid are mixed to generate larger and larger bubbles, so that the gas and liquid cannot be fully mixed due to the larger and larger bubbles, the conversion rate of nitric acid is reduced, and the reaction rate of the whole gas-liquid system is reduced, so that the preparation efficiency of nitric acid is low.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Therefore, the utility model provides a nitric acid industry preparation system based on micro-interface intensification for improve conversion rate and the efficiency of preparing nitric acid among the prior art.
The utility model provides a nitric acid industry preparation system based on micro-interface is reinforceed, include:
the reactor is used for providing reaction sites for the concentrated nitric acid and the deionized water to prepare the nitric acid with the required concentration;
the concentrated nitric acid generator is arranged at one side of the reactor and is used for providing a reaction site for the nitrogen dioxide gas and the deionized water to prepare concentrated nitric acid;
the micro-interface generator is arranged in the concentrated nitric acid generator, converts pressure energy of gas and/or kinetic energy of liquid into bubble surface energy and transmits the bubble surface energy to the nitrogen dioxide gas, so that the nitrogen dioxide gas is crushed into micron-sized bubbles with the diameter of more than or equal to 1 mu m and less than 1mm, the mass transfer area between the deionized water and the nitrogen dioxide gas is increased, the thickness of a liquid film is reduced, the mass transfer resistance is reduced, and the deionized water and the micron-sized bubbles of the nitrogen dioxide gas are mixed to form a gas-liquid mixture after crushing, so that the mass transfer efficiency and the reaction efficiency between the deionized water and the nitrogen dioxide gas are enhanced within a preset operating condition range;
the gas supply unit is arranged at one side of the concentrated nitric acid generator and is used for supplying reaction gas into the concentrated nitric acid generator;
a transfer unit disposed between the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator to transfer concentrated nitric acid within the concentrated nitric acid generator into the reactor;
a gas collection unit disposed at one side of the reactor to recover nitric oxide, which is a product;
and the liquid collecting unit is arranged at the lower side of the reactor and is used for collecting the nitric acid product.
Further, the micro-interface generator is a pneumatic micro-interface generator, and the micro-interface generator is arranged in the concentrated nitric acid generator and used for crushing nitrogen dioxide gas to form micron-sized bubbles and outputting the micron-sized bubbles to the concentrated nitric acid generator after crushing is completed to be mixed with deionized water in the concentrated nitric acid generator to form a gas-liquid mixture.
Further, the upper portion lateral wall of reactor is gone up the intercommunication and is provided with first feed liquor pipe, the inside of reactor is provided with the spray thrower, first feed liquor pipe with the spray thrower is linked together, first feed liquor pipe with the spray thrower is used for with deionized water spout from top to bottom in the reactor to dilute concentrated nitric acid.
Furthermore, a second liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the side wall of the upper part of the concentrated nitric acid generator and used for conveying deionized water into the concentrated nitric acid generator.
Further, a nitric acid industry preparation system based on micro-interface intensification, the gas supply unit includes:
the device comprises a gas catalysis tank, a gas emission pipe, a;
gaseous oxidation jar, its with gaseous catalytic tank is linked together through first connecting pipe for it is right the nitrogen monoxide gas that generates in the gaseous catalytic tank carries out further oxidation, the intercommunication is provided with the oxygen transmission pipe on the upper wall of gaseous oxidation jar, the oxygen transmission pipe be used for to transmit oxygen in the gaseous oxidation jar, gaseous oxidation jar through the second connecting pipe with micro-interface generator is linked together.
Further, a nitric acid industrial preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening, the transfer unit comprises:
and the nitrogen air separation device is respectively communicated with the concentrated nitric acid generator and the reactor through a third connecting pipe and a fourth connecting pipe, and is used for pressing the concentrated nitric acid solution in the concentrated nitric acid generator into the reactor.
Further, a nitric acid industrial preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening, the gas collection unit includes:
the number of the condensers is 2, the two condensers are respectively positioned at the upper ends of the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator, and the condensers are used for condensing gas-liquid mixed gas in the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator;
the separation tank is communicated with the two condensers and the reactor and is used for separating a condensed gas-liquid mixture;
and the gas storage tank is communicated with the separation tank and is used for storing nitric oxide gas.
Further, a nitric acid industrial preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening, the liquid collection unit includes:
the nitric acid storage tank is communicated with the reactor through a fifth connecting pipe and is used for storing the nitric acid after the reaction in the reactor;
and the cooling jacket is arranged on the outer side wall of the nitric acid storage tank, and the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank is cooled by introducing circulating cooling water into the cooling jacket.
Furthermore, the number of the platinum-rhodium alloy nets is at least 2, so that ammonia gas and oxygen gas in the gas catalysis tank are sufficiently catalyzed, and the conversion rates of the ammonia gas and the oxygen gas are ensured.
Furthermore, the upper and lower parts of the side wall of the cooling jacket are respectively provided with a cooling water outlet pipe and a cooling water inlet pipe, circulating cooling water equipment is connected with the cooling water inlet pipe and the cooling water outlet pipe, and cooling water can continuously circulate in the cooling jacket to cool the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that, the utility model discloses a broken nitrogen dioxide gas makes its micron order bubble that forms micron yardstick, micron order bubble possesses the physicochemical property that conventional bubble did not possess, can know by the computational formula of spheroid volume and surface area, under the unchangeable circumstances of total volume, the total surface area and the single bubble diameter of bubble are inversely proportional, can know from this that micron order bubble's total surface area is huge, make micron order bubble and deionized water mix and form gas-liquid mixture, with the area of contact of increase gas-liquid double-phase, and reach the effect of strengthening the mass transfer in the predetermined operating condition within range, effectively improve conversion and the efficiency of preparing nitric acid;
furthermore, the micro-interface generator is a pneumatic micro-interface generator, is arranged in the concentrated nitric acid generator and is used for crushing nitrogen dioxide gas to form micron-sized bubbles, outputting the micron-sized bubbles into the concentrated nitric acid generator after the crushing is finished, and mixing the micron-sized bubbles with deionized water in the concentrated nitric acid generator to form a gas-liquid mixture, so that the conversion rate and the efficiency of preparing nitric acid are effectively improved;
further, the intercommunication is provided with first feed liquor pipe on the upper portion lateral wall of reactor, the inside of reactor is provided with the spray thrower, first feed liquor pipe with the spray thrower is linked together, first feed liquor pipe with the spray thrower is used for being in deionized water spout from top to bottom in the reactor to dilute concentrated nitric acid, through first feed liquor pipe to transmit deionized water in the spray thrower, the spray thrower is in deionized water spout from top to bottom in the reactor, simultaneously the nitric acid that generates in the concentrated nitric acid generator passes through nitrogen gas air separation device impresses in the reactor, with spray deionization compatible, concentrated nitric acid is diluted by the deionization, can spout different amount of water as required and dilute concentrated nitric acid to prepare out the nitric acid of different concentrations.
Furthermore, a second liquid inlet pipe is communicated with and arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the concentrated nitric acid generator, the second liquid inlet pipe is used for conveying deionized water into the concentrated nitric acid generator, and the deionized water is added into the concentrated nitric acid generator and is used for reacting with nitrogen dioxide gas to prepare concentrated nitric acid.
Further, a nitric acid industry preparation system based on micro-interface intensification, the gas supply unit includes:
the device comprises a gas catalysis tank, a gas emission pipe, a;
gaseous oxidation jar, its with gaseous catalytic tank is linked together through first connecting pipe for it is right the nitrogen monoxide gas that generates in the gaseous catalytic tank carries out further oxidation, the intercommunication is provided with the oxygen transmission pipe on the upper wall of gaseous oxidation jar, the oxygen transmission pipe be used for to transmit oxygen in the gaseous oxidation jar, gaseous oxidation jar through the second connecting pipe with micro-interface generator is linked together.
Through the air transmission pipe with the ammonia transmission pipe to in the gas catalysis jar transmission air and ammonia, air and ammonia pass through platinum rhodium alloy net is catalyzed, generates the nitric oxide gas, and the nitric oxide gas warp that generates enters into in the gas oxidation jar, the oxygen delivery pipe looks carry oxygen in the gas oxidation jar, enter into nitric oxide in the gas oxidation jar reacts with oxygen and generates nitrogen dioxide gas, the setting up of gas oxidation jar makes the conversion rate that nitric oxide turns into nitrogen dioxide improve, reduces the production of nitric oxide waste gas.
Further, a nitric acid industrial preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening, the transfer unit comprises:
and the nitrogen air separation device is respectively communicated with the concentrated nitric acid generator and the reactor through a third connecting pipe and a fourth connecting pipe, and is used for pressing the concentrated nitric acid solution in the concentrated nitric acid generator into the reactor. The nitrogen air separation device is a device for separating and preparing nitrogen universal for chemical plants, can provide nitrogen for other devices in plants, and can not react with concentrated nitric acid to ensure the purity of the concentrated nitric acid, wherein the nitrogen belongs to inert gas.
Further, a nitric acid industrial preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening, the gas collection unit includes:
the number of the condensers is 2, the two condensers are respectively positioned at the upper ends of the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator, and the condensers are used for condensing gas-liquid mixed gas in the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator;
the separation tank is communicated with the two condensers and the reactor and is used for separating a condensed gas-liquid mixture;
and the gas storage tank is communicated with the separation tank and is used for storing nitric oxide gas.
The reactor with produced nitric oxide gas secretly in the concentrated nitric acid generator liquid passes through the condenser is condensed, and under the suction effect of compressor, the nitric oxide gas secretly the liquid enters into after the condensation in the knockout drum in, nitric oxide gas and liquid separation, nitric oxide gas continue to enter into in the gas storage tank, liquid reflux extremely in the reactor, from this nitric oxide gas is by effectual collection, avoids the environmental pollution condition to take place.
Further, a nitric acid industrial preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening, the liquid collection unit includes:
the nitric acid storage tank is communicated with the reactor through a fifth connecting pipe and is used for storing the nitric acid after the reaction in the reactor;
and the cooling jacket is arranged on the outer side wall of the nitric acid storage tank, and the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank is cooled by introducing circulating cooling water into the cooling jacket.
And the diluted concentrated nitric acid in the reactor enters the nitric acid storage tank through a fifth connecting pipe, and the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank is cooled by introducing circulating cooling water into the cooling jacket, so that the finally prepared nitric acid is directly cooled, and the time for preparing the finished nitric acid is further shortened.
Furthermore, the number of the platinum-rhodium alloy nets is at least 2, so that ammonia gas and oxygen gas in the gas catalysis tank are sufficiently catalyzed, and the conversion rates of the ammonia gas and the oxygen gas are ensured.
Furthermore, the upper and lower parts of the side wall of the cooling jacket are respectively provided with a cooling water outlet pipe and a cooling water inlet pipe, circulating cooling water equipment is connected with the cooling water inlet pipe and the cooling water outlet pipe, and cooling water can continuously circulate in the cooling jacket to cool the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nitric acid industrial preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Please refer to fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a nitric acid industrial preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening according to the present invention, comprising:
a reactor 1 for providing a reaction site for concentrated nitric acid and deionized water to prepare nitric acid with a required concentration;
a concentrated nitric acid generator 2 arranged at one side of the reactor and used for providing a reaction site for the nitrogen dioxide gas and the deionized water to prepare concentrated nitric acid;
the micro-interface generator 3 is arranged in the concentrated nitric acid generator, converts pressure energy of gas and/or kinetic energy of liquid into bubble surface energy and transmits the bubble surface energy to the nitrogen dioxide gas, so that the nitrogen dioxide gas is crushed into micron-sized bubbles with the diameter of more than or equal to 1 mu m and less than 1mm, the mass transfer area between the deionized water and the nitrogen dioxide gas is increased, the thickness of a liquid film is reduced, the mass transfer resistance is reduced, and the deionized water and the micron-sized bubbles of the nitrogen dioxide gas are mixed to form a gas-liquid mixture after crushing, so that the mass transfer efficiency and the reaction efficiency between the deionized water and the nitrogen dioxide gas are enhanced within a preset operating condition range;
a gas supply unit 4 arranged at one side of the concentrated nitric acid generator for supplying reaction gas into the concentrated nitric acid generator;
a transfer unit 5 arranged between the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator for transferring the concentrated nitric acid in the concentrated nitric acid generator into the reactor;
a gas collection unit 6 disposed at one side of the reactor to recover nitric oxide, which is a product;
and a liquid collecting unit 7 arranged at the lower side of the reactor and used for collecting the nitric acid.
With reference to fig. 1, the micro-interface generator is a pneumatic micro-interface generator, and the micro-interface generator is disposed in the concentrated nitric acid generator, and is configured to crush nitrogen dioxide gas to form micron-sized bubbles, and output the micron-sized bubbles into the concentrated nitric acid generator after the crushing is completed, so as to mix the micron-sized bubbles with deionized water in the concentrated nitric acid generator to form a gas-liquid mixture, thereby effectively improving the conversion rate and efficiency of preparing nitric acid;
referring to fig. 1, a first liquid inlet pipe 101 is communicated with a side wall of an upper portion of the reactor, a sprayer 102 is arranged inside the reactor, the first liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the sprayer, the first liquid inlet pipe and the sprayer are used for spraying deionized water out of the reactor from top to bottom to dilute the concentrated nitric acid, the deionized water is conveyed into the sprayer through the first liquid inlet pipe, the sprayer sprays the deionized water out of the reactor from top to bottom, meanwhile, nitric acid generated in the concentrated nitric acid generator is pressed into the reactor through the nitrogen air separation device to be compatible with spraying and deionizing, the concentrated nitric acid is diluted by deionizing, and different amounts of water can be sprayed according to needs to dilute the concentrated nitric acid to prepare nitric acids with different concentrations.
Referring to fig. 1, a second liquid inlet pipe 201 is connected to an upper side wall of the concentrated nitric acid generator, the second liquid inlet pipe is used for delivering deionized water into the concentrated nitric acid generator, and the deionized water is added into the concentrated nitric acid generator to react with nitrogen dioxide gas to prepare concentrated nitric acid.
With continued reference to fig. 1, a system for industrial nitric acid production based on micro-interface enhancement, the gas supply unit comprises:
the device comprises a gas catalysis tank 401, an air transmission pipe 402 and an ammonia transmission pipe 403, wherein the lower end of the gas catalysis tank is communicated with the air transmission pipe and the ammonia transmission pipe, the air transmission pipe and the ammonia transmission pipe are respectively used for transmitting air and ammonia into the gas catalysis tank, a platinum-rhodium alloy net 404 is arranged inside the gas catalysis tank, and the platinum-rhodium alloy net is used for catalyzing the reaction of the air and the ammonia;
gas oxidation jar 405, its with the gas catalysis jar is linked together through first connecting pipe for to the nitrogen monoxide gas that generates in the gas catalysis jar carries out further oxidation, the intercommunication is provided with oxygen transmission pipe 406 on the upper wall of gas oxidation jar, oxygen transmission pipe be used for to transmit oxygen in the gas oxidation jar, the gas oxidation jar through the second connecting pipe with micro-interface generator is linked together.
Through the air transmission pipe with the ammonia transmission pipe to in the gas catalysis jar transmission air and ammonia, air and ammonia pass through platinum rhodium alloy net is catalyzed, generates the nitric oxide gas, and the nitric oxide gas warp that generates enters into in the gas oxidation jar, the oxygen delivery pipe looks carry oxygen in the gas oxidation jar, enter into nitric oxide in the gas oxidation jar reacts with oxygen and generates nitrogen dioxide gas, the setting up of gas oxidation jar makes the conversion rate that nitric oxide turns into nitrogen dioxide improve, reduces the production of nitric oxide waste gas.
With continued reference to fig. 1, a system for industrial nitric acid production based on micro-interface enhancement, the delivery unit comprising:
and a nitrogen air separation device 501 which is respectively communicated with the concentrated nitric acid generator and the reactor through a third connecting pipe and a fourth connecting pipe, wherein the nitrogen air separation device is used for pressing the concentrated nitric acid solution in the concentrated nitric acid generator into the reactor. The nitrogen air separation device is a device for separating and preparing nitrogen universal for chemical plants, can provide nitrogen for other devices in plants, and can not react with concentrated nitric acid to ensure the purity of the concentrated nitric acid, wherein the nitrogen belongs to inert gas.
With continued reference to fig. 1, a system for industrial nitric acid production based on micro-interface enhancement, the gas collection unit comprises:
the number of the condensers is 2, the two condensers are respectively positioned at the upper ends of the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator, and the condensers are used for condensing gas-liquid mixed gas in the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator;
a separation tank 602, which is in communication with the two condensers and the reactor, and which is configured to separate a condensed gas-liquid mixture;
a gas storage tank 603, said gas storage tank being in communication with said separator tank, said gas storage tank being for storing nitric oxide gas.
The reactor with produced nitric oxide gas secretly in the concentrated nitric acid generator liquid passes through the condenser is condensed, and under the suction effect of compressor, the nitric oxide gas secretly the liquid enters into after the condensation in the knockout drum in, nitric oxide gas and liquid separation, nitric oxide gas continue to enter into in the gas storage tank, liquid reflux extremely in the reactor, from this nitric oxide gas is by effectual collection, avoids the environmental pollution condition to take place.
With continued reference to fig. 1, a system for industrial nitric acid production based on micro-interface enhancement, the liquid collection unit comprises:
a nitric acid storage tank 701, which is communicated with the reactor through a fifth connecting pipe and is used for storing the reacted nitric acid in the reactor;
and the cooling jacket 702 is arranged on the outer side wall of the nitric acid storage tank, and the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank is cooled by introducing circulating cooling water into the cooling jacket.
And the diluted concentrated nitric acid in the reactor enters the nitric acid storage tank through a fifth connecting pipe, and the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank is cooled by introducing circulating cooling water into the cooling jacket, so that the finally prepared nitric acid is directly cooled, and the time for preparing the finished nitric acid is further shortened.
Furthermore, the number of the platinum-rhodium alloy nets is at least 2, so that ammonia gas and oxygen gas in the gas catalysis tank are sufficiently catalyzed, and the conversion rates of the ammonia gas and the oxygen gas are ensured.
Furthermore, the upper and lower parts of the side wall of the cooling jacket are respectively provided with a cooling water outlet pipe and a cooling water inlet pipe, circulating cooling water equipment is connected with the cooling water inlet pipe and the cooling water outlet pipe, and cooling water can continuously circulate in the cooling jacket to cool the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank.
With continuing reference to fig. 1, the present invention provides a process for industrial nitric acid production based on micro-interface strengthening, comprising:
step 1: air and ammonia gas are conveyed into the gas catalytic tank through the air conveying pipe and the ammonia gas conveying pipe, the air and the ammonia gas are catalyzed through the platinum-rhodium alloy net to generate nitric oxide gas, the generated nitric oxide gas enters the gas oxidation tank through the first connecting pipe, the oxygen conveying pipe conveys oxygen gas into the gas oxidation tank, and the nitric oxide entering the gas oxidation tank reacts with the oxygen gas to generate nitrogen dioxide gas;
step 2: adding deionized water into the concentrated nitric acid generator through a second liquid inlet pipe, enabling nitrogen dioxide gas generated in the step 1 to enter the micro-interface generator through a second connecting pipe, crushing the nitrogen dioxide gas to form micron-sized bubbles, outputting the micron-sized bubbles into the concentrated nitric acid generator after the crushing is finished, mixing the micron-sized bubbles with the deionized water in the concentrated nitric acid generator to form a gas-liquid mixture, and reacting nitrogen dioxide and the deionized water to generate nitric acid and nitric oxide gas;
and step 3: conveying deionized water into the sprayer through a first liquid inlet pipe, spraying the deionized water in the reactor from top to bottom by the sprayer, pressing the nitric acid generated in the step 2 into the reactor through the nitrogen air separation device, and carrying out spray deionization compatibility, wherein the concentrated nitric acid is deionized and diluted, and nitric oxide gas is generated at the same time;
and 4, step 4: condensing nitric oxide gas-entrained liquid generated in the step 2 and the step 3 through the condenser, condensing the nitric oxide gas-entrained liquid under the suction action of the compressor, then entering the separation tank, separating the nitric oxide gas from the liquid in the separation tank, continuously entering the nitric oxide gas storage tank, and refluxing the liquid to the reactor;
and 5: and 3, feeding the diluted concentrated nitric acid into the nitric acid storage tank through a fifth connecting pipe, and cooling the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank by introducing circulating cooling water into the cooling jacket.
Further, the temperature of the platinum-rhodium alloy net in the step 1 is 760-.
Example 1
The nitric acid preparation is carried out by using the system and the process, wherein:
the temperature of the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 800 ℃, the pressure in the concentrated nitric acid generator is 0.1Mpa, the volume ratio of oxygen to ammonia gas is 1.7, and the linear velocity of the mixed gas passing through the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 0.3 m/s.
The temperature in the gas oxidation tank is 80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
The gas-liquid ratio in the micro-interface generator is 700: 1.
the reaction temperature in the reactor is 20 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
Through detection, after the system and the process are used, the oxidation rate of ammonia is 98%, and the conversion rate of nitric acid is 61.0%.
The reaction time was 7.5 h.
Example 2
The nitric acid preparation is carried out by using the system and the process, wherein:
the temperature of the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 800 ℃, the pressure in the concentrated nitric acid generator is 0.3Mpa, the volume ratio of oxygen to ammonia gas is 1.8, and the linear velocity of the mixed gas passing through the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 0.3 m/s.
The temperature in the gas oxidation tank is 80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
The gas-liquid ratio in the micro-interface generator is 700: 1.
the reaction temperature in the reactor is 20 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
By detection, after the system and the process are used, the oxidation rate of ammonia is 97.5%, and the conversion rate of nitric acid is 60.7%.
The reaction time was 7.4 h.
Example 3
The nitric acid preparation is carried out by using the system and the process, wherein:
the temperature of the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 800 ℃, the pressure in the concentrated nitric acid generator is 0.1Mpa, the volume ratio of oxygen to ammonia gas is 1.9, and the linear velocity of the mixed gas passing through the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 0.3 m/s.
The temperature in the gas oxidation tank is 80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
The gas-liquid ratio in the micro-interface generator is 700: 1.
the reaction temperature in the reactor is 20 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
By detection, after the system and the process are used, the oxidation rate of ammonia is 98%, and the conversion rate of nitric acid is 61.2%.
The reaction time was 7.6 h.
Example 4
The nitric acid preparation is carried out by using the system and the process, wherein:
the temperature of the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 800 ℃, the pressure in the concentrated nitric acid generator is 0.7Mpa, the volume ratio of oxygen to ammonia gas is 2.0, and the linear velocity of the mixed gas passing through the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 0.3 m/s.
The temperature in the gas oxidation tank is 80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
The gas-liquid ratio in the micro-interface generator is 700: 1.
the reaction temperature in the reactor is 20 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
By detection, after the system and the process are used, the oxidation rate of ammonia is 97.7%, and the conversion rate of nitric acid is 61.0%.
The reaction time was 7.5 h.
Example 5
The nitric acid preparation is carried out by using the system and the process, wherein:
the temperature of the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 800 ℃, the pressure in the concentrated nitric acid generator is 0.1Mpa, the volume ratio of oxygen to ammonia gas is 2.0, and the linear velocity of the mixed gas passing through the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 0.3 m/s.
The temperature in the gas oxidation tank is 80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
The gas-liquid ratio in the micro-interface generator is 700: 1.
the reaction temperature in the reactor is 20 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
By detection, after the system and the process are used, the oxidation rate of ammonia is 97.9%, and the conversion rate of nitric acid is 61.0%.
The reaction time was 7.4 h.
Example 6
The nitric acid preparation is carried out by using the system and the process, wherein:
the temperature of the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 800 ℃, the pressure in the concentrated nitric acid generator is 0.1Mpa, the volume ratio of oxygen to ammonia gas is 1.7, and the linear velocity of the mixed gas passing through the platinum-rhodium alloy net is 0.3 m/s.
The temperature in the gas oxidation tank is 80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
The gas-liquid ratio in the micro-interface generator is 700: 1.
the reaction temperature in the reactor is 20 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.1 Mpa.
Through detection, after the system and the process are used, the oxidation rate of ammonia is 98%, and the conversion rate of nitric acid is 61.0%.
The reaction time was 7.4 h.
Comparative example
The nitric acid preparation was carried out using the prior art, wherein the process parameters selected for this comparative example were the same as those in example 6.
The detection shows that the oxidation rate of ammonia is 82 percent, and the conversion rate of nitric acid is 40.5 percent.
The reaction time was 12.2 h.
So far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the related technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention; various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An industrial nitric acid preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening is characterized by comprising:
the reactor is used for providing reaction sites for the concentrated nitric acid and the deionized water to prepare the nitric acid with the required concentration;
a concentrated nitric acid generator disposed at one side of the reactor;
the micro-interface generator is arranged in the concentrated nitric acid generator, converts pressure energy of gas and/or kinetic energy of liquid into bubble surface energy and transmits the bubble surface energy to the nitrogen dioxide gas, so that the nitrogen dioxide gas is crushed into micron-sized bubbles with the diameter of more than or equal to 1 mu m and less than 1mm, the mass transfer area between the deionized water and the nitrogen dioxide gas is increased, the thickness of a liquid film is reduced, the mass transfer resistance is reduced, and the deionized water and the micron-sized bubbles of the nitrogen dioxide gas are mixed to form a gas-liquid mixture after crushing, so that the mass transfer efficiency and the reaction efficiency between the deionized water and the nitrogen dioxide gas are enhanced within a preset operating condition range;
the gas supply unit is arranged on one side of the concentrated nitric acid generator;
a transfer unit disposed between the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator;
a gas collection unit disposed at one side of the reactor;
a liquid collection unit disposed at a lower side of the reactor.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the micro-interface generator is a pneumatic micro-interface generator, and the micro-interface generator is disposed in the concentrated nitric acid generator and is configured to crush nitrogen dioxide gas to form micron-sized bubbles and output the micron-sized bubbles to the concentrated nitric acid generator to mix with deionized water in the concentrated nitric acid generator to form a gas-liquid mixture after the crushing is completed.
3. The system for industrially preparing the nitric acid based on the micro-interface strengthening according to claim 1, wherein a first liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the upper side wall of the reactor, a sprayer is arranged inside the reactor, the first liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the sprayer, and the first liquid inlet pipe and the sprayer are used for spraying deionized water from top to bottom in the reactor so as to dilute the concentrated nitric acid.
4. The industrial nitric acid preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening of claim 1, wherein a second liquid inlet pipe is connected to the upper side wall of the concentrated nitric acid generator, and the second liquid inlet pipe is used for conveying deionized water into the concentrated nitric acid generator.
5. The industrial nitric acid preparation system based on micro-interface strengthening of claim 1, wherein the gas supply unit comprises:
the device comprises a gas catalysis tank, a gas emission pipe, a;
gaseous oxidation jar, its with gaseous catalytic tank is linked together through first connecting pipe for it is right the nitrogen monoxide gas that generates in the gaseous catalytic tank carries out further oxidation, the intercommunication is provided with the oxygen transmission pipe on the upper wall of gaseous oxidation jar, the oxygen transmission pipe be used for to transmit oxygen in the gaseous oxidation jar, gaseous oxidation jar through the second connecting pipe with micro-interface generator is linked together.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the transfer unit comprises:
and the nitrogen air separation device is respectively communicated with the concentrated nitric acid generator and the reactor through a third connecting pipe and a fourth connecting pipe, and is used for pressing the concentrated nitric acid solution in the concentrated nitric acid generator into the reactor.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas collection unit comprises:
the number of the condensers is 2, the two condensers are respectively positioned at the upper ends of the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator, and the condensers are used for condensing gas-liquid mixed gas in the reactor and the concentrated nitric acid generator;
the separation tank is communicated with the two condensers and the reactor and is used for separating a condensed gas-liquid mixture;
and the gas storage tank is communicated with the separation tank and is used for storing nitric oxide gas.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the liquid collection unit comprises:
the nitric acid storage tank is communicated with the reactor through a fifth connecting pipe and is used for storing the nitric acid after the reaction in the reactor;
and the cooling jacket is arranged on the outer side wall of the nitric acid storage tank, and the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank is cooled by introducing circulating cooling water into the cooling jacket.
9. The system of claim 5, wherein the platinum-rhodium alloy meshes are arranged in a number of at least 2.
10. The system of claim 8, wherein the upper portion and the lower portion of the side wall of the cooling jacket are respectively provided with a cooling water outlet pipe and a cooling water inlet pipe.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112473570A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-12 | 南京延长反应技术研究院有限公司 | Nitric acid industrial preparation system and process based on micro-interface strengthening |
| CN112678786A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 大连理工江苏研究院有限公司 | Diluted nitric acid preparation system and method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112473570A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-12 | 南京延长反应技术研究院有限公司 | Nitric acid industrial preparation system and process based on micro-interface strengthening |
| CN112678786A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 大连理工江苏研究院有限公司 | Diluted nitric acid preparation system and method |
| CN112678786B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-10-20 | 大连理工江苏研究院有限公司 | System and method for preparing dilute nitric acid |
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