CN212102911U - Reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction - Google Patents
Reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN212102911U CN212102911U CN202020486577.9U CN202020486577U CN212102911U CN 212102911 U CN212102911 U CN 212102911U CN 202020486577 U CN202020486577 U CN 202020486577U CN 212102911 U CN212102911 U CN 212102911U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of gas-based direct reduction iron making, and provides a reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction, which comprises a feeding lock hopper, a material-equalizing lock gas tank (V4), a moving bed reaction furnace (R) and a discharging lock hopper which are connected in turn in an airtight manner from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and also comprises a controller (C), a gas conveying pipeline, a gas regulating valve on the gas conveying pipeline, and a pressure test instrument; the feeding locked hopper and the discharging locked hopper respectively comprise more than two material chambers which are hermetically connected in the vertical direction; the controller (C) is connected with a gas regulating valve on a gas conveying pipeline, and the gas conveying pipeline is respectively communicated with different material chambers of the feeding lock hopper, different material chambers of the discharging lock hopper and a material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4); pressure test instruments are respectively and independently arranged on different material chambers of the feeding lock hopper, different material chambers of the discharging lock hopper and the material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4), and the pressure test instruments are connected with a controller (C).
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of gas-based direct reduction smelting of metallic iron, in particular to a reaction system and a process for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction.
Background
Sponge iron, also known as Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), is a metallic iron product obtained by directly removing oxygen from iron ore without melting the iron ore at a relatively low temperature. It has been used to manufacture almost all forms of steel products due to its low residual levels of harmful metals and nitrogen.
The prior process for producing sponge iron mainly adopts a direct reduction method and is divided into two main methods, namely a gas-based method and a coal-based method. Wherein the gas-based process mainly employs a reducing gas such as H2And reducing the iron ore by CO to prepare sponge iron. The world advanced direct reduced iron technology is a gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction technology, and the technology mainly uses natural gas as a raw material and converts the natural gas into H-rich iron2And CO, and then directly carrying out solid-state reduction on the gas and iron ore under a high-temperature condition to produce sponge iron (direct reduced iron). The direct reduced iron produced by the method accounts for 80 percent of the direct reduced iron yield all over the world, but the process is better developed abroad and still belongs to a blank in China.
The gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction process has the advantages of high technical maturity, high single machine productivity, low process energy consumption and low unit productivity investment. The product sponge iron not only can solve the problem of shortage of high-quality scrap steel, but also can produce high-quality pure iron raw materials for steelmaking, thereby creating conditions for improving the quality, the grade and the added value of products. Because the direct reduction reaction of the gas-based shaft furnace can be carried out at a lower temperature, coking equipment and sintering equipment with huge pollutant discharge amount do not need to be built, the energy-saving and environment-friendly advantages are highlighted, and the method is an important development direction of iron-making process in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a reaction system and technology of gas base direct reduction production sponge iron, this system can realize that solid feedstock feeding backpressure seal is sent to the reduction reaction region, then solid reaction product is by malleation discharge reduction reactor region, prevents that external gas from getting into the reaction region and producing harmful effects and danger, prevents simultaneously that reaction region's reducing gas from spilling over, reduces the purge volume of inert seal gas quantity and circulation reduction gas by a wide margin, and the pollution discharge is few.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that the reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction comprises a feeding lock hopper, a material-equalizing lock gas tank, a moving bed reactor and a discharging lock hopper which are connected in turn in an airtight manner from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and also comprises a controller, a gas conveying pipeline and a gas regulating valve arranged on the gas conveying pipeline; the feeding lock hopper and the discharging lock hopper respectively comprise two or more than two material chambers which are hermetically connected in the vertical direction, the bottom of each material chamber is conical, and a connecting port part is arranged between the upper material chamber and the lower material chamber; the controller is connected with a gas regulating valve on a gas conveying pipeline, and the gas conveying pipeline is respectively communicated with different material chambers of the feeding lock hopper, different material chambers of the discharging lock hopper and the homogenizing lock gas tank so as to respectively and independently introduce gas into each material chamber to regulate the internal pressure of each material chamber; pressure test instruments are respectively and independently arranged on different material chambers of the feeding lock hopper, different material chambers of the discharging lock hopper and the material homogenizing lock gas tank, and the pressure test instruments are connected with the controller, so that the controller forms an instruction for controlling the gas regulating valve according to pressure data obtained by the pressure test instruments; and valves are arranged on a connecting port between the feeding lock hopper and the homogenizing lock gas tank, a connecting port between the moving bed reaction furnace and the discharging lock hopper, and a discharging port at the bottom of the discharging lock hopper, and each valve is connected with the controller.
The utility model discloses the core of system lies in, at material transport, gas-solid reaction and result discharge process, control the gas transportation of the different material rooms of intercommunication through the controller (the gas control valve on the control gas conveying pipeline realizes), make different material rooms reach the pressure that expects or adjacent material room formation expectation pressure differential, because the reaction in the moving bed reacting furnace is reducing gas and solid iron ore reaction, so this reacting furnace is expected with the air is isolated, and isolated effect is better more favourable to the reaction. The utility model discloses an independent gas transmission pipeline in material room and the gas control valve who is connected with the controller of material loading lock hopper can realize through default pressure value or pressure differential that the pressure of each material room increases gradually in the solid iron ore material downward transportation process to prevent that the air from getting into along with the material; when the material in the feeding lock hopper enters the homogenizing lock gas tank to a preset material level, a valve between the material and the homogenizing lock gas tank is closed, and the homogenizing lock gas tank basically realizes a high-pressure oxygen-free environment; meanwhile, the pressure in the homogenizing and gas locking tank can be controlled to be smaller than the bottom of the feeding and gas locking hopper in the feeding process, so that reducing gas entering from the lower part of the moving bed reaction furnace is prevented from escaping from the top of the moving bed reaction furnace through the homogenizing and gas locking tank, and the loss of raw materials is avoided; in the process of discharging the solid products from the moving bed reaction furnace after the reaction is finished, the pressure of each material chamber of the discharging lock hopper can be controlled by the controller similarly, reducing gas in the moving bed reaction furnace is prevented from escaping from the bottom of the discharging lock hopper, and air is prevented from entering the moving bed reaction furnace from the bottom of the discharging lock hopper.
Further, the feeding lock hopper comprises a feeding hopper, a middle feeding chamber and a discharging chamber which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein a material inlet is formed in the top of the feeding hopper, and a material outlet is formed in the bottom of the discharging chamber; the gas conveying pipeline communicated to the material chamber is a first sealing gas pipeline, and a gas regulating valve on the first sealing gas pipeline is a first sealing gas regulating valve; the gas conveying pipeline communicated to the blanking chamber is a first balance gas pipeline, and a gas regulating valve on the first balance gas pipeline is a first balance gas regulating valve; the first sealed air pipeline, the first balance air pipeline and the air regulating valves arranged on the pipelines are used for maintaining the pressure in the blanking chamber, the intermediate chamber and the feeding hopper to be reduced in sequence in the process that materials enter the intermediate chamber from the feeding hopper and are then discharged from the bottom of the blanking chamber.
Through the design of 3 material chambers, and the gas conveying pipelines independently connected with the 3 material chambers and the gas regulating valves connected with the controller on the gas conveying pipelines, the feeding lock hopper is divided into 3 different pressure intervals in the solid material feeding process, the feeding hopper at the top is communicated with the atmosphere due to the feeding hole, and the pressure is close to the atmospheric pressure; the pressure in the feeding process or the reaction process of the moving bed reaction furnace can be set to be higher than that of the feeding hopper in the middle material chamber so as to reduce the air content in the feeding chamber; therefore, the pressure of the blanking chamber is greater than that of the middle charging chamber, and air is further isolated; meanwhile, if reducing gas enters the moving bed reaction furnace, the pressure of the blanking chamber is higher than that of the homogenizing gas locking tank at the lower end, so that the reducing gas is prevented from escaping from the moving bed reaction furnace through the homogenizing gas locking tank, and the raw material waste is avoided.
Furthermore, a material level gate valve is arranged on a connecting port among the feeding hopper, the middle material chamber and the discharging chamber; a material level upper limit detection instrument and a material level lower limit detection instrument are arranged in the feeding hopper, the middle material chamber and the discharging chamber; the material level gate valve, the material level upper limit detecting instrument and the material level lower limit detecting instrument are all connected to the controller, the controller forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be opened according to the feedback data of the material level upper limit detecting instrument of each material chamber, and forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be closed according to the feedback data of the material level lower limit detecting instrument of each material chamber.
The material level gate valve, material level upper limit detecting instrument and material level lower limit detecting instrument to and their and controller connection design, can further realize the automatic control and the continuous feed automation of feeding, material level gate valve between the material room can further improve the pressure between the material room and keep, can also cooperate the gas gate valve to use in step, synchronous by controller control, like this, also realized the gas tightness isolation between the material room in step when realizing that the material keeps apart, make the air isolated with the effect of reducing gas anti-overflow more outstanding.
Furthermore, the upper end and the lower end of the tank body of the homogenizing gas-locking tank are respectively hermetically connected with the feeding lock hopper and the moving bed reaction furnace, and an inlet valve is arranged at the connecting port of the upper end of the tank body and the feeding lock hopper; the gas conveying pipeline communicated to the material homogenizing gas locking tank is a second balanced gas pipeline, a gas regulating valve on the second balanced gas pipeline is a second balanced gas regulating valve, and the second balanced gas regulating valve is connected with the controller so as to control the second balanced gas regulating valve to enable the pressure in the material homogenizing gas locking tank to be larger than the lower end of the material feeding gas locking hopper in the process that the material enters the material homogenizing gas locking tank through the lower end of the material feeding gas locking hopper; an inlet valve at the upper end of the material homogenizing gas locking tank is connected with a controller.
The material homogenizing gas locking tank has the following functions: on the one hand, the stirring and homogenizing device in the tank is used for realizing uniform mixing of solid materials, on the other hand, the pressure regulation of sealing gas is carried out, the pressure balance of the system is further controlled, the system is kept stable, a valve is not arranged on a connecting port between the stirring and homogenizing device and the moving bed reaction furnace at the lower end, the materials directly enter the moving bed reaction furnace to react with reducing gas after being treated by the homogenizing and gas locking tank, and gas conveyed by a gas conveying pipeline communicated with the homogenizing and gas locking tank and a gas regulating valve is used for forming the pressure in a common space of the homogenizing and gas locking tank and the moving bed reaction furnace.
Further, the moving bed reactor comprises an upper micro-enlarged head section, a middle cylinder section and a lower cone section which are fixedly, hermetically and sequentially connected; the top end of the upper micro-expansion head section is provided with a solid material inlet connected with the homogenizing gas-locking tank, and the upper part of the upper micro-expansion head section is also provided with a reduction tail gas outlet; the middle cylinder section is a reaction space for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction, the lower part of the middle cylinder section is provided with a reducing gas inlet, and the middle cylinder section is also provided with a gas distributor communicated with the reducing gas inlet, and the gas distributor is arranged on the cross section of the furnace body of the moving bed reaction furnace; the lower cone section comprises a solid material outlet at the most bottom tip cone and a cooling gas inlet on the cone surface, and the solid material outlet is provided with a first star valve.
Iron oxide solid raw materials gets into through upper portion little expansion head section, and the reducing gas gets into through middle part barrel section reducing gas import, carries out reduction reaction at middle part barrel section, generates sponge iron and reaction tail gas, and tail gas rises and gets into tail gas treatment process through the tail gas export discharge reacting furnace of upper portion little expansion head section, and sponge iron descends to lower cone section along with the stove, and export the discharge, the above-mentioned does from solid material after the gas heat transfer with the cooling gas import entering the utility model discloses the preparation process of the moving bed reacting furnace of gas-based direct reduction production sponge iron. The utility model discloses the device is through setting up the gas distributor with the import intercommunication of reducing gas to send reducing gas into the furnace body and carry out the equipartition on the furnace body barrel cross section before the solid material reaction earlier, solved reducing gas and got into behind the furnace body concentration uneven distribution, influence the metallization rate of sponge iron and the problem of reducing gas consumption.
Furthermore, the diameter of the upper micro-expansion head section is larger than that of the middle cylinder section, the diameter of the upper micro-expansion head section is 10% -50% larger than that of the middle cylinder section, and the height of the upper micro-expansion head section is 1-2 times of that of the middle cylinder section; lower part cone section is provided with the not hard up device of perpendicular spiral, and it includes motor, reduction gear, helical agitator, the motor is connected and is controlled the reduction gear, reduction gear connection control helical agitator, helical agitator's stirring portion is located lower part cone section barrel, and stirring portion lower part passes the barrel through sealed setting, for example sealing member, sealing oil, sealed gas etc. and fixed with retarder connection in the barrel outside, it is rotatory under the reduction gear control for make the reaction product in the lower part cone section carry out axial circulation and radial rotary motion, avoid bed sintering and guarantee to export the row material unobstructed.
Reaction tail gas self has the dust, and rises process to upper portion and enlarge head segment lower part a little and meet with iron oxide reaction raw materials, smugglies iron oxide reaction raw materials granule secretly, consequently, the tail gas dust content of reaction furnace top portion is high, the utility model designs an upper portion of major diameter and high length enlarges head segment a little, for tail gas and the contact of iron oxide reaction raw materials provide more spaces, subsides for the dust granule in the tail gas and provides sufficient space and height. The lower cone section is reaction product receiving section, because the design of binding off, it is big with material area of contact, and the material is high with preceding temperature of cooling gas heat exchanger, easy sintering, and form the sintering layer on the reacting furnace barrel, set up the perpendicular spiral that can make inside material at the height along reacting furnace barrel center pin and radial two directions internal motion in the lower cone section and become flexible the device, can avoid sintering each other between the product well, the layer is tieed on the barrel, and make material motion make material whole formation effect in these two directions, reach the best design of global motion and prevent local sintering.
Furthermore, the discharge lock hopper comprises a discharge middle material chamber and a discharge blanking chamber, the top end of the discharge middle material chamber is connected with the bottom of the moving bed reaction furnace, and the lower part of the discharge blanking chamber is provided with a second star valve; the gas conveying pipeline communicated to the discharging middle material chamber is a third balanced gas pipeline, and a gas regulating valve of the third balanced gas pipeline is a third balanced gas regulating valve; the gas conveying pipeline communicated to the discharging and blanking chamber is a second sealed gas pipeline, and a gas regulating valve of the second sealed gas pipeline is a second sealed gas regulating valve; the third balance gas regulating valve and the second seal gas regulating valve are connected with the controller, so that the pressure in the material chamber in the discharging process is greater than the pressure in the moving bed reaction furnace and the pressure in the material chamber in the discharging process is greater than the pressure in the discharging chamber in the discharging process in the process that the materials are discharged from the moving bed reaction furnace through the discharging lock hopper; a material level gate valve is arranged at a material connecting port between the discharging middle chamber and the discharging blanking chamber; a material level upper limit detection instrument and a material level lower limit detection instrument are arranged in the discharging middle material chamber and the discharging material chamber; the material level gate valve, the material level upper limit detecting instrument and the material level lower limit detecting instrument are connected to the controller, the controller forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be opened according to the feedback data of the material level upper limit detecting instrument of each material chamber, and forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be closed according to the feedback data of the material level lower limit detecting instrument of each material chamber.
The discharge lock hopper is provided with two material chambers, and the design concept is the same as that of the feed lock hopper, so that in the continuous reaction process, when solid products obtained by reduction reaction in the moving bed reaction furnace are discharged from the bottom of the furnace through the discharge lock hopper, isolated air enters the moving bed reaction furnace from the bottom of the moving bed reaction furnace, and reducing gas in the moving bed reaction furnace is prevented from escaping from the bottom of the moving bed reaction furnace, namely, the pressure in the material chambers in the discharge process is larger than that in the discharge blanking chamber, the discharge blanking chamber is larger than the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure in the material chambers in the discharge process is ensured to be larger than that in the moving bed reaction furnace (namely, the pressure obtained by a pressure test instrument on the material-equalizing lock.
The utility model discloses provide simultaneously utilize above-mentioned system to carry out the reaction technology of gas base direct reduction production sponge iron, including following step:
s1, feeding the solid iron ore from the top of the feeding lock hopper, and enabling the solid iron ore to enter a homogenizing lock cylinder through each material chamber from top to bottom; in the process, the controller controls the regulating valve on the gas conveying pipeline, and controls the pressure in each material chamber of the feeding lock hopper to be sequentially increased from top to bottom according to the feedback data of the pressure test instrument of the material chamber;
s2, feeding high-temperature reducing gas from a reducing gas inlet of the moving bed reaction furnace R, and synchronously controlling the pressure in a material chamber at the bottom of the feeding lock hopper to be larger than the pressure in a material homogenizing lock gas tank V4 by the controller; the solid iron ore stirred by the homogenizing gas locking tank V4 enters a moving bed reaction furnace R and is directly reduced with high-temperature reducing gas in the furnace to obtain sponge iron, and reducing tail gas is discharged from a reducing tail gas outlet;
s3, opening a valve at the bottom of the moving bed reaction furnace R, and discharging the sponge iron obtained by reduction in the step S2 into a discharging lock hopper; synchronously controlling the pressure in each material chamber of the discharge lock hopper to be reduced from top to bottom in sequence by the controller, wherein the pressure in the material chamber at the uppermost end of the discharge lock hopper is greater than the pressure in the reactor R of the moving bed;
and S4, discharging the reduced iron from the discharge lock hopper, and closing a valve at the bottom of the discharge lock hopper.
Further, in the steps S1 to S4, when the upper limit of the material level detecting instrument detects that the material level reaches the upper limit of the material level during the feeding process of each material chamber of the feeding lock hopper and/or the discharging lock hopper, the controller sends an opening instruction to the gate valve at the bottom of the material chamber; when the material chamber of the feeding lock hopper and/or the discharging lock hopper discharges materials downwards, the lower limit detection instrument of the material level detects that the material level reaches the lower limit of the material level, and the controller sends a closing instruction to the material level valve at the bottom of the material chamber; wherein the inlet valve of the material homogenizing lock gas tank V4 is regarded as the bottom valve of the blanking chamber of the material loading lock hopper.
Further, in the above step S2, the high-temperature reducing gas introduced into the moving bed reactor is H2Mixed gas with CO or pure hydrogen, reducing the gas to H when the gas is at high temperature2Mixed gas of H and CO2: CO is more than or equal to 2: 1; in the reaction process, the temperature in a moving bed reaction furnace is 900-1060 ℃; in the whole process, in the feeding and/or discharging process, the pressure in the discharging chamber of the feeding lock hopper and/or the pressure in the discharging chamber of the discharging lock hopper are 0.2-0.5 MPa.
The utility model provides a reaction system of gas base direct reduction production sponge iron has solved difficult technical problem in the gas base reduction method, like temperature requirement, gas distribution etc. of feeding, row's material, the sealed problem of system, reduction reaction stage. The method has the advantages of realizing higher metal conversion rate, obtaining the sponge iron reaching the standard, and ensuring the stable, safe and energy-saving operation of the system.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1) the utility model discloses feeding/row in the system material lock hopper can realize the backpressure and carry in succession, prevents that the external gas from getting into reaction system and producing harmful effects and danger, prevents simultaneously that its body of reduction that participates in reduction reaction from escaping the removal bed reacting furnace, reduces the purge volume of inert seal gas quantity and circulation reduction gas by a wide margin, and the pollution discharge is few.
2) The utility model discloses a moving bed reacting furnace can realize the axial circulation and the radial rotary motion of gaseous evenly distributed and bed solid material, thoroughly avoided bed sintering, guarantee to export when the rectification to arrange the material unobstructed.
3) The utility model discloses process flow is simple, and operating cost is lower, and the process energy consumption is low, and process condition is easily controlled and the system is stable, safe, is suitable for to build big productivity device.
Drawings
These and/or other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction according to an embodiment of the present invention: wherein
V1-feeding hopper of feeding lock hopper, V2-middle material chamber of feeding lock hopper, V3-discharging chamber of feeding lock hopper, V4-homogenizing lock gas tank, R-moving bed reactor, V5-middle material chamber of discharging lock hopper, V6-discharging chamber of discharging lock hopper, M1, M2-star valve and C-controller.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction has a structure shown in figure 1, and comprises a feeding lock hopper, a material homogenizing lock gas tank V4, a moving bed reactor R and a discharging lock hopper which are hermetically connected in sequence from top to bottom in the vertical direction, a controller C, a gas conveying pipeline, a gas regulating valve arranged on the gas conveying pipeline, and a pressure test instrument; the detailed structure, interconnection and function of each part are described in detail below.
The feeding lock hopper and the discharging lock hopper respectively comprise two or more than two material chambers which are hermetically connected in the vertical direction, the bottom of each material chamber is conical, and a connecting port part is arranged between the upper material chamber and the lower material chamber; the controller C is connected with a gas regulating valve on a gas conveying pipeline, and the gas conveying pipeline is respectively communicated with different material chambers of the feeding lock hopper, different material chambers of the discharging lock hopper and the material homogenizing lock gas tank V4 so as to respectively and independently introduce gas into each material chamber to regulate the internal pressure of each material chamber; pressure test instruments are respectively and independently arranged on different material chambers of the feeding lock hopper, different material chambers of the discharging lock hopper and the material homogenizing lock gas tank V4, and the pressure test instruments are connected with the controller, so that the controller forms an instruction for controlling the gas regulating valve according to pressure data obtained by the pressure test instruments; and a connecting port between the feeding lock hopper and the material homogenizing lock gas tank V4, a connecting port between the moving bed reaction furnace R and the material discharging lock hopper, and a material discharging port at the bottom of the material discharging lock hopper are provided with valves, and the valves are connected with the controller C. Above-mentioned structural design can realize through controller control gas control valve that the material backpressure is carried to moving bed reacting furnace, wherein with the reaction of reducing gas, the solid material result of formation is discharged from moving bed reacting furnace bottom forward pressure, in the reaction that lasts, because there is reducing gas constantly to pass through, makes the material loading locking hopper that the pressure in the moving bed reacting furnace is less than the upper end simultaneously and the row material locking hopper of lower extreme.
In order to achieve better lift air isolation and anti-reaction gas escape functions of the feeding lock hopper, the following structure is preferably designed: the feeding lock hopper comprises a feeding hopper V1, a middle feeding chamber V2 and a discharging chamber V3 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the top of the feeding hopper V1 is provided with a material inlet, and the bottom of the discharging chamber V3 is provided with a material outlet; a gas conveying pipeline communicated to the material chamber V2 is a first sealed gas pipeline P1, and a gas regulating valve on the first sealed gas pipeline P1 is a first sealed gas regulating valve CV 1; the gas delivery pipeline communicated to the blanking chamber V3 is a first balance gas pipeline P2, and the gas regulating valve on the first balance gas pipeline P2 is a first balance gas regulating valve CV 2; the first sealed air pipeline P1, the first balance air pipeline P2 and air regulating valves arranged on the pipelines are used for maintaining the pressure in the blanking chamber V3, the middle material chamber V2 and the upper hopper V1 to be reduced in sequence in the process that materials enter the middle material chamber V2 from the upper hopper V1 and are then discharged from the bottom of the blanking chamber V3; a material level gate valve is arranged on a connecting port among the feeding hopper V1, the middle material chamber V2 and the discharging chamber V3; a material level upper limit detector and a material level lower limit detector are arranged in the feeding hopper V1, the middle material chamber V2 and the blanking chamber V3; the material level gate valve, the material level upper limit detecting instrument and the material level lower limit detecting instrument are all connected to the controller C, the controller C forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be opened according to the feedback data of the material level upper limit detecting instrument of each material chamber, and an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be closed is formed according to the feedback data of the material level lower limit detecting instrument of each material chamber.
The specific design of material loading locking hopper is: the upper end and the lower end of the material homogenizing gas locking tank V4 are respectively hermetically connected with the feeding lock hopper and the moving bed reactor R, and an inlet valve is arranged at the connection port of the upper end and the feeding lock hopper; a gas conveying pipeline communicated to the material homogenizing gas-locking tank V4 is a second balanced gas pipeline P3, a gas regulating valve on the second balanced gas pipeline P3 is a second balanced gas regulating valve CV3, and the second balanced gas regulating valve CV3 is connected with the controller C, so that in the process that materials enter the material homogenizing gas-locking tank V4 through the lower end of the material feeding lock hopper, the second balanced gas regulating valve CV3 is controlled to enable the pressure in the material homogenizing gas-locking tank V4 to be larger than the pressure in the lower end of the material feeding lock hopper; an inlet valve at the upper end of the material homogenizing lock air tank V4 is connected with a controller C.
In order to solve the problems of large dust of coating particles, easy sintering of the bottom of a reaction furnace and the like in the prior art, the structure of the moving bed reaction furnace R is specifically and optimally designed as follows: the moving bed reaction furnace R comprises an upper micro-expansion head section, a middle cylinder section and a lower cone section which are fixedly and hermetically connected in sequence; the top end of the upper micro-expansion head section is provided with a solid material inlet connected with a material homogenizing gas locking tank V4, and the upper part of the upper micro-expansion head section is also provided with a reduction tail gas outlet; the middle cylinder section is a reaction space for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction, the lower part of the middle cylinder section is provided with a reducing gas inlet, and the middle cylinder section is also provided with a gas distributor communicated with the reducing gas inlet, and the gas distributor is arranged on the cross section of the moving bed reaction furnace body; the lower cone section comprises a solid material outlet at the most bottom tip cone and a cooling gas inlet on the cone surface, and the solid material outlet is provided with a first star valve M1. The diameter of the upper micro-expansion head section is larger than that of the middle cylinder section, and the diameter of the upper micro-expansion head section is 10% larger than that of the middle cylinder section
50 percent, and the height of the upper micro-expansion head section is 1 to 2 times of the diameter of the middle cylinder section; the lower cone section is provided with the not hard up device of vertical spiral, it includes the motor, the reduction gear, the helical agitator, the motor is connected and is controlled the reduction gear, reduction gear connection control helical agitator, the stirring portion of helical agitator is located lower cone section barrel, stirring portion passes the barrel through sealing member or sealed setting in the lower part, it is fixed with retarder connection in the barrel outside, it is rotatory under the reduction gear control, a reaction product for making in the lower cone section carries out axial circulation and radial rotary motion, avoid bed sintering and the unobstructed row material of guarantee export.
Also for better lift air isolation and anti-reaction gas escape function of the loading lock hopper, the following structure is preferably designed: the discharge lock hopper comprises a discharge middle material chamber V5 and a discharge blanking chamber V6, the top end of the discharge middle material chamber V5 is connected with the bottom of the moving bed reactor R, and the lower part of the discharge blanking chamber V6 is provided with a second star valve M2; the gas conveying pipeline communicated to the discharging middle material chamber V5 is a third balanced gas pipeline P4, and the gas regulating valve of the third balanced gas pipeline P4 is a third balanced gas regulating valve CV 4; a gas conveying pipeline communicated to the discharging blanking chamber V6 is a second sealed gas pipeline P5, and a gas regulating valve of the second sealed gas pipeline P5 is a second sealed gas regulating valve CV 5; the third balance gas regulating valve CV4 and the second seal gas regulating valve CV5 are connected to the controller C to make the pressure in the material discharging chamber V5 larger than the pressure in the moving bed reactor R and make the pressure in the material discharging chamber V5 larger than the pressure in the material discharging and discharging chamber V6 during the discharge of the material from the moving bed reactor R through the material discharging lock hopper; a material level gate valve is arranged at a material connecting port between the discharging middle material chamber V5 and the discharging lower material chamber V6; a material level upper limit detection instrument and a material level lower limit detection instrument are arranged in the discharging material middle chamber V5 and the discharging material discharging chamber V6; the material level gate valve, the material level upper limit detecting instrument and the material level lower limit detecting instrument are connected to the controller C, the controller C forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be opened according to the feedback data of the material level upper limit detecting instrument of each material chamber, and forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be closed according to the feedback data of the material level lower limit detecting instrument of each material chamber.
Example 2
A reaction process for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction, which uses the system of example 1, and has the following flow:
1) pellet and block solid materials enter the system from a feeding hopper V1 of a feeding lock hopper, and the materials are controlled to enter a middle material chamber V2 by a valve positioned at the bottom of the feeding hopper V1; a sealing gas pipeline is arranged on the side surface of the middle material chamber V2, a gas regulating valve on the pipeline is connected with the controller C, sealing gas is continuously input to ensure that the system maintains a normal range, and meanwhile, the pressure value is greater than the external environment, so that external air can be prevented from entering the system;
2) the material entering the middle material chamber V2 enters the blanking chamber V3 through a connecting port at the bottom, a balance gas pipeline is arranged on the side surface of the blanking chamber V3, and a gas regulating valve on the pipeline is connected with the controller C. The pressure test instruments of the blanking chamber V3 and the intermediate chamber V2 are both connected with the controller C, a gas regulating valve on a balance gas pipeline of the blanking chamber V3 can automatically regulate the opening of the valve to control the pressure balance according to the pressure balance difference transmitted by the controller C, namely, the pressure in the blanking chamber V3 is greater than the pressure in the intermediate chamber V2, and under the condition that reducing gas enters the moving bed reaction furnace, the pressure in the blanking chamber V3 is simultaneously ensured to be greater than the pressure in the moving bed reaction furnace;
3) the material enters the material homogenizing lock gas tank V4 through an inlet valve of the material homogenizing lock gas tank V4, and the solid material is further mixed under the action of a stirring and material homogenizing device in the tank to achieve a completely mixed state. The side surface of the material homogenizing lock gas tank is provided with a balance gas pipeline, and a gas regulating valve on the pipeline is connected with a controller C, so that the opening of the valve can be automatically regulated according to a pressure balance difference signal to control and realize pressure balance with a system.
4) The material enters a moving bed reaction furnace R, the lower end of the bottom of the moving bed reaction furnace R is a cone, and the middle cylinder is filled with heated high-temperature reducing gas. The upper part in the furnace is provided with a chute for uniformly distributing solid materials, the cross section of the furnace body connected with the reducing gas inlet is provided with a gas distributor with the solid material rectification function, the distributor can be divided into a ring pipe type distributor and a calandria type distributor, and the gas distribution pipe is provided with a hole downwards. The lower cone is provided with a cooling gas inlet, namely a low-temperature reducing gas elutriation inlet, so that medium and low-temperature solid material discharge is realized, and solid material waste heat is recovered. The cone section of the reaction furnace is provided with a vertical spiral loosening device, so that axial circulation and radial rotation of bed layer solid materials are realized, bed layer sintering is thoroughly avoided, and smooth discharge of an outlet is guaranteed. The temperature in the moving bed reaction furnace R is 1050 ℃, and the pressure is 0.4 MPa. The high-temperature reducing gas conveyed from the gas phase pipeline on the side surface of the furnace body and the solid iron ore conveyed from the solid material uniformly-distributed chute on the top can realize the full contact and reaction of gas-solid reactants under the combined action of the gas distributor and the vertical spiral loosening device, and further obtain the high-purity sponge iron.
5) Sponge iron enters a discharging middle material chamber V5 of a discharging lock hopper positioned below the moving bed reaction furnace from a material level gate valve at the bottom of the moving bed reaction furnace R, and reduction tail gas after reaction is discharged out of a reaction system through a tail gas outlet at the upper part of the moving bed reaction, and is recycled after heat exchange, temperature reduction, dust removal and decarburization; the reduction reaction furnace R can realize the uniform distribution of gas and the axial circulation and radial rotation movement of the solid material of the bed layer, thoroughly avoids the sintering of the bed layer while rectifying, and ensures the smooth discharge of an outlet.
6) The side of the discharging middle material chamber V5 is provided with a balance gas pipeline, and a gas regulating valve on the pipeline is connected with a controller C. Sponge iron enters a discharging and blanking chamber V6 through a valve at the bottom of a discharging and blanking chamber V5, a sealed gas pipeline is arranged on the side surface of the discharging and blanking chamber V6, and a gas regulating valve on the pipeline is connected with a controller C. The pressure signals of the discharging blanking chamber V6 and the discharging middle blanking chamber V5 are both connected with the controller C, a gas regulating valve on a balanced gas pipeline of the discharging blanking chamber V6 can automatically regulate the opening of the valve to control the pressure balance according to the pressure balance difference transmitted by the controller C, so that the pressure of the discharging middle blanking chamber V5 is greater than that of the discharging blanking chamber V6 in the solid material discharging process to prevent air from entering, and meanwhile, when the reduction reaction is continuously carried out in the moving bed reaction furnace, the pressure in the discharging middle blanking chamber V5 is ensured to be greater than that in the moving bed reaction furnace to prevent the reducing gas from escaping. Therefore, the feeding/discharging lock hopper of the reaction system realizes the counter-pressure continuous conveying, effectively prevents the outside gas from entering the reaction system to generate adverse effects and dangers, greatly reduces the using amount of the inert seal gas and the purge amount of the circulating reducing gas, and has less pollution discharge.
Of course, the solid material enters from the feeding hopper of the feeding lock hopper, in the process of flowing downwards in sequence among the material chambers, the material level condition of the material chamber is detected by the material level upper limit detecting instrument and the material level lower limit detecting instrument arranged in each material chamber in real time, and the material level data are sent to the controller C, the controller C forms a control instruction for controlling the opening of the bottom material level gate valve according to the data measured by the material level upper limit detecting instrument of each material chamber, and forms a control instruction for controlling the closing of the bottom material level gate valve according to the data measured by the material level lower limit detecting instrument of each material chamber, so that when the material in one material chamber is discharged to the material level lower limit, the material level gate valve is closed, meanwhile, the air is isolated from the lower material chamber connected with the material level gate valve, and the quick realization of.
The whole system and the whole process solve the difficult technical problems of feeding, discharging, system sealing, high temperature requirement of the reduction reaction stage, gas distribution and the like in the reaction stage of the gas-based reduction method. And the system is stable and safe, the process flow is simple, the operation cost is lower, and the process energy consumption is low.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is intended to be illustrative, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction is characterized by comprising a feeding lock hopper, a material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4), a moving bed reaction furnace (R) and a discharging lock hopper which are sequentially and airtightly connected in the vertical direction from top to bottom, and further comprising a controller (C), a gas conveying pipeline, a gas regulating valve and a pressure test instrument, wherein the gas regulating valve is arranged on the gas conveying pipeline;
the feeding lock hopper and the discharging lock hopper respectively comprise two or more than two material chambers which are hermetically connected in the vertical direction, the bottom of each material chamber is conical, and a connecting port part is arranged between the upper material chamber and the lower material chamber;
the controller (C) is connected with a gas regulating valve on a gas conveying pipeline, and the gas conveying pipeline is respectively communicated with different material chambers of the feeding lock hopper, different material chambers of the discharging lock hopper and a material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4) so as to respectively and independently introduce gas into each material chamber to regulate the internal pressure of each material chamber;
pressure test instruments are respectively and independently arranged on different material chambers of the feeding lock hopper, different material chambers of the discharging lock hopper and the material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4), and the pressure test instruments are connected with a controller (C), so that the controller forms an instruction for controlling the gas regulating valve according to pressure data obtained by the pressure test instruments;
a connecting port between the feeding lock hopper and the material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4), a connecting port between the moving bed reaction furnace (R) and the discharging lock hopper, and a discharging port at the bottom of the discharging lock hopper are provided with valves, and each valve is connected with the controller (C).
2. The reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction according to claim 1, wherein the feeding lock hopper comprises a feeding hopper (V1), a middle material chamber (V2) and a discharging chamber (V3) which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the top of the feeding hopper (V1) is provided with a material inlet, and the bottom of the discharging chamber (V3) is provided with a material outlet;
the gas delivery pipeline communicated to the intermediate chamber (V2) is a first sealed gas pipeline (P1), and a gas regulating valve on the first sealed gas pipeline (P1) is a first sealed gas regulating valve (CV 1);
the gas delivery pipeline communicated to the blanking chamber (V3) is a first balance gas pipeline (P2), and a gas regulating valve on the first balance gas pipeline (P2) is a first balance gas regulating valve (CV 2);
the first sealed air pipeline (P1), the first balance air pipeline (P2) and the air regulating valves arranged on the pipelines are used for maintaining the pressure in the feeding hopper (V1), the intermediate material chamber (V2), the blanking chamber (V3) to be sequentially increased in the process that materials enter the intermediate material chamber (V2) from the feeding hopper (V1) and then are discharged from the bottom of the blanking chamber (V3).
3. The reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction according to claim 2,
a material level gate valve is arranged on a connecting port among the feeding hopper (V1), the middle material chamber (V2) and the blanking chamber (V3);
an upper material level limit detector and a lower material level limit detector are arranged in the feeding hopper (V1), the middle material chamber (V2) and the discharging chamber (V3);
the material level gate valve, the material level upper limit detecting instrument and the material level lower limit detecting instrument are all connected to the controller (C), the controller (C) forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be opened according to the material level upper limit detecting instrument feedback data of each material chamber, and an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be closed is formed according to the material level lower limit detecting instrument feedback data of each material chamber.
4. The reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower ends of the tank body of the homogenizing gas lock tank (V4) are hermetically connected with the feeding lock hopper and the moving bed reactor (R) respectively, and an inlet valve is arranged at the connecting port of the upper end of the homogenizing gas lock tank and the feeding lock hopper;
a gas conveying pipeline communicated to the material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4) is a second balanced gas pipeline (P3), a gas regulating valve on the second balanced gas pipeline (P3) is a second balanced gas regulating valve (CV3), and the second balanced gas regulating valve (CV3) is connected with the controller (C) so that in the process that materials enter the material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4) through the lower end of the feeding lock hopper, the second balanced gas regulating valve (CV3) is controlled to enable the pressure in the material homogenizing lock gas tank (V4) to be larger than the lower end of the feeding lock hopper;
an inlet valve at the upper end of the material homogenizing lock air tank (V4) is connected with a controller (C).
5. The reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction according to claim 1, wherein the moving bed reactor (R) comprises an upper micro-enlarged head section, a middle cylinder section and a lower cone section which are fixedly and sealingly connected in sequence;
the top end of the upper micro-expansion head section is provided with a solid material inlet connected with a material homogenizing gas locking tank (V4), and the upper part is also provided with a reduction tail gas outlet;
the middle cylinder section is a reaction space for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction, the lower part of the middle cylinder section is provided with a reducing gas inlet, and the middle cylinder section is also provided with a gas distributor communicated with the reducing gas inlet, and the gas distributor is arranged on the cross section of the furnace body of the moving bed reaction furnace;
the lower cone section comprises a solid material outlet at the most bottom tip cone and a cooling gas inlet on the cone surface, and the solid material outlet is provided with a first star valve (M1).
6. The reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction according to claim 5,
the diameter of the upper micro-expansion head section is larger than that of the middle cylinder section, the diameter of the upper micro-expansion head section is 10% -50% larger than that of the middle cylinder section, and the height of the upper micro-expansion head section is 1-2 times of that of the middle cylinder section;
lower part cone section is provided with the not hard up device of perpendicular spiral, and it includes motor, reduction gear, helical agitator, the motor is connected and is controlled the reduction gear, reduction gear connection control helical agitator, helical agitator's stirring portion is located lower part cone section barrel, and the barrel is passed through sealed setting in stirring portion lower part, and is fixed with retarder connection in the barrel outside, and is rotatory under the reduction gear control for make the reaction product in the lower part cone section carry out axial circulation and radial rotary motion, avoid bed sintering and guarantee export row material unobstructed.
7. The reaction system for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction according to claim 1,
the discharging lock hopper comprises a discharging middle material chamber (V5) and a discharging blanking chamber (V6), the top end of the discharging middle material chamber (V5) is connected with the bottom of the moving bed reaction furnace (R), and the lower part of the discharging blanking chamber (V6) is provided with a second star-shaped valve (M2);
the gas conveying pipeline communicated to the discharging medium material chamber (V5) is a third balance gas pipeline (P4), and the gas regulating valve of the third balance gas pipeline (P4) is a third balance gas regulating valve (CV 4);
the gas conveying pipeline communicated to the discharging blanking chamber (V6) is a second sealed gas pipeline (P5), and the gas regulating valve of the second sealed gas pipeline (P5) is a second sealed gas regulating valve (CV 5);
the third balance gas regulating valve (CV4) and the second sealing gas regulating valve (CV5) are connected with the controller (C) so that the pressure in the discharging material chamber (V5) is larger than the pressure in the moving bed reactor (R) and the pressure in the discharging material chamber (V5) is larger than the pressure in the discharging blanking chamber (V6) during the discharging process of the materials from the moving bed reactor (R) through the discharging lock hopper;
a material level gate valve is arranged at a material connecting port between the discharging middle material chamber (V5) and the discharging lower material chamber (V6);
an upper material level limit detection instrument and a lower material level limit detection instrument are arranged in the discharging middle material chamber (V5) and the discharging lower material chamber (V6);
the material level gate valve, the material level upper limit detecting instrument and the material level lower limit detecting instrument are connected to the controller (C), the controller (C) forms an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be opened according to the material level upper limit detecting instrument feedback data of each material chamber, and an instruction for controlling the material level gate valve to be closed is formed according to the material level lower limit detecting instrument feedback data of each material chamber.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111304396A (en) * | 2020-04-05 | 2020-06-19 | 上海泰普星坦新材料有限公司 | Reaction system and process for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction |
| CN111304396B (en) * | 2020-04-05 | 2023-12-22 | 上海泰普星坦新材料有限公司 | Reaction system and process for producing sponge iron by gas-based direct reduction |
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