CN212102705U - Decompression tower - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a decompression tower, including the top of the tower, the tower body and the bottom of the tower, including four lines decompression internals in the tower body, be a line decompression internals, two lines decompression internals, three-line decompression internals, four lines decompression internals respectively, four lines decompression internals all include column plate and filler device, and wherein a line decompression internals upper end is the top of the tower, and the top of the tower is including evacuation subassembly and top of the tower reflux unit, even there are four groups side line middle sections withdrawing device and three middle section reflux unit in the tower body, four lines decompression internals still are equipped with the demister, and the demister sets up the top at four lines decompression internals, and four lines decompression internals below is the bottom of the tower, and the bottom at the bottom of the tower is the dregs of fat export, still installs feed inlet and steam inlet. The equipment improves the gasification rate and reduces coking by a partial pressure principle, and has the advantages of low investment, low energy consumption, good product quality and high product yield.

Description

Decompression tower

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a processing technology of lubricating oil, in particular to vacuum distillation equipment of a vacuum tower.

Background

Heavy oil left by atmospheric distillation has high molecular weight and boiling point, and is easy to decompose at high temperature, so that the distilled product is deteriorated, coke is produced, and normal production is damaged. Therefore, in order to extract more light components, the boiling point range of the raw oil to be distilled is often lowered by lowering the distillation pressure. This distillation process carried out under reduced pressure is called distillation under reduced pressure.

Vacuum distillation is one of the methods for separating mixed organic compounds. The vacuum distillation belongs to a physical process, the temperature of raw oil is gradually raised due to the cyclic heating, under the condition of vacuum, the components of raw oil are gradually evaporated in an evaporator according to the boiling point from low to high, and the components are divided into oil products (called fractions) with different boiling point ranges in different temperature sections, so that the cutting and fractionation of mixed raw materials are completed.

After raw oil is heated by a heat exchange and heating furnace, all components except residual oil are instantaneously vaporized at a very high same temperature in an evaporation section in an oil transfer line and a vacuum tower, and then are fractionated out by dividing into a plurality of side lines in a temperature section controlled below a boiling point by each section of reflux in the vacuum fractionating tower according to the boiling point, but as powder impurities in the raw oil are more, a demister is easy to block and coke in a short time, needs to be stopped and cleaned, occupies production time, increases equipment investment and energy consumption, and affects production efficiency.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a to prior art not enough, the utility model provides a pressure reducing tower lets in steam through the pressure reducing tower bottom of the tower, utilizes the partial pressure principle to improve the gasification rate and reduce the coking.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: a vacuum tower comprises a tower top, a tower body and a tower bottom, wherein four line vacuum internals are arranged in the tower body and respectively comprise a line vacuum internals, a second line vacuum internals, a three-line vacuum internals and a four-line vacuum internals, each line vacuum internals comprises a tower plate and a packing device, the packing device is arranged into two layers, each layer is provided with an inclined channel inclined with a horizontal plane and consists of a horizontal strip plate and a vertical strip plate which are inclined with the horizontal plane and mutually crossed, the inclined channels are staggered in upper and lower adjacent packing, the inclined directions of the horizontal strip plate and the vertical strip plate relative to the horizontal plane are respectively opposite, the upper end of the line vacuum internals is the tower top, the tower top comprises a vacuumizing assembly and a tower top reflux device, four groups of side line middle section extracting devices and three middle section reflux devices are connected in the tower top, the four-line vacuum internals are also provided with foam removers, the foam removers, the packing mode of the four-line internal vacuum reducing part is structured packing, the bottom of the four-line internal vacuum reducing part is a tower bottom, the bottom end of the tower bottom is an oil residue outlet, and a feed inlet and a steam inlet are further arranged on the tower bottom.

Preferably, the filling device is arranged below the middle-section reflux device.

Preferably, the vacuum pumping assembly connected to the top of the vacuum tower is a vacuum pump unit to provide vacuum degree and assist in separating products in different sections of the vacuum tower, and the residual pressure of the top of the vacuum tower is about 30mmHg or less.

Preferably, the vacuum tower removes water and extra-light components from the top of the tower; and (3) extracting heavy residual oil at the bottom of the vacuum tower, and extracting distillate oil from the tower body of the vacuum tower to serve as catalytic or hydrogenation raw oil.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

(1) the demister of the utility model is arranged on the uppermost layer of the filling device in the four-line decompression internal member, can effectively remove heavy oil and impurities carried in ascending gas, prolongs the problems of easy blockage and coking of the demister and the filling device in a short time, and improves the yield;

(2) the utility model is provided with the steam inlet at the bottom of the tower, which can accelerate the vaporization of the waste lubricating oil, and the waste oil entering the feed inlet is directly sent to the tower plate for heat transfer after being vaporized;

(3) the utility model discloses be equipped with the evacuation subassembly, through the different pressures of the different fractionation sections of vacuum pump unit control to take the oil separation of different boiling points out, it is effectual to fractionate.

Other features of the present disclosure and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a vacuum tower of the present invention;

the tower top 1, the tower body 2, the tower bottom 3, the vacuumizing assembly 4, the tower top reflux device 5, a first-line decompression internal member 6, a second-line decompression internal member 7, a third-line decompression internal member 8, a fourth-line decompression internal member 9, a middle-section side line extracting device 10, a middle-section reflux device 11, a transverse strip-shaped plate 12, a vertical strip-shaped plate 13, a demister 14, a tower plate 15, a filling device 16, a steam inlet 17, an oil residue outlet 18 and a feed inlet 19.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.

Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "intermediate," "at … … end," "at the other end," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's spatial relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

Example (b): referring to fig. 1, a vacuum tower comprises a tower top 1, a tower body 2 and a tower bottom 3, wherein the tower body 2 comprises four line vacuum internals, namely a line vacuum internals 6, a second line vacuum internals 7, a third line vacuum internals 8 and a four line vacuum internals 9, the four line vacuum internals comprise tower plates 15 and packing devices 16, the packing devices 16 are arranged into two layers, each layer is provided with inclined channels inclined with the horizontal plane and composed of horizontal strip plates 12 and vertical strip plates 13 inclined with the horizontal plane and crossed with each other, in the upper and lower adjacent packing, the inclined channels are arranged in a staggered way, the inclined directions of the horizontal strip plates 12 and the vertical strip plates 13 relative to the horizontal plane are respectively opposite, the upper end of the line vacuum internals 6 is the tower top 1, the tower top 1 comprises a vacuumizing assembly 4 and a tower top reflux device 5, four sets of side line middle-section extraction devices 10 and three middle-section reflux devices 11 are further connected in, the four-line decompression internal part 9 is further provided with a demister 14, the demister 14 is arranged at the uppermost part of the four-line decompression internal part 9, the four-line decompression internal part is structured packing, the bottom 3 of the four-line decompression internal part 9 is provided with a tower bottom 3, the bottom end of the tower bottom 3 is provided with a sludge outlet 18, and the tower bottom 3 is further provided with a feed inlet 19 and a steam inlet 17.

In a particular embodiment, the packing device 16 is arranged below the middle return device 11.

Specifically, the top 1 of the vacuum tower is connected with a vacuum pumping assembly 4 as a vacuum pump unit to provide vacuum and assist in separating products in different sections of the vacuum tower, and the residual pressure of the top 1 of the vacuum tower is less than 30mmHg, preferably less than 20 mmHg.

Further, the vacuum column removes water and extra-light components from the column top 1; and (3) extracting heavy residual oil from the tower bottom 3 of the vacuum tower, and extracting distillate oil from the tower body 2 of the vacuum tower to serve as catalytic or hydrogenation raw oil.

The utility model discloses a theory of operation: heating the waste lubricating oil in the heating furnace (the heating furnace is not shown), feeding the waste lubricating oil heated by the heating furnace into a pressure reducing tower, introducing stripping steam into the bottom of the pressure reducing tower, controlling the pressure by using a vacuumizing assembly 4 in the pressure reducing tower (the residual pressure at the top of the pressure reducing tower is less than 30 mmHg), controlling the pipeline resistance by adopting a low-speed oil transfer line from the outlet of the heating furnace to the inlet of the pressure reducing tower, reducing the temperature as low as possible, rapidly feeding the waste lubricating oil into the pressure reducing tower, starting heat exchange with a tower plate 15 from bottom to top under the action of stripping, and separating oil products with different properties in each output stage.

The utility model discloses the vacuum tower comprises top of the tower 1, tower body 2 and bottom of the tower 3. The vacuum tower is connected with 4 middle-section side- draw devices 10, 3 middle- section reflux devices 11 and 1 tower top reflux device 5, and in the reflux process, part of oil products drawn from the middle-section side-draw device 10 of the tower body in fractionation can be selected to flow back to the tower plate 15 or the filler device 16. The reflux has the main effect on the process of extracting heat and controlling the temperature of the decompression tower so as to control the product quality.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the description in the above embodiments and the description is only preferred examples of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and that the present invention can have various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications all fall into the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (4)

1. A vacuum tower comprises a tower top (1), a tower body (2) and a tower bottom (3), and is characterized in that: the tower body (2) comprises four line pressure reducing internals which are respectively a first line pressure reducing internals (6), a second line pressure reducing internals (7), a third line pressure reducing internals (8) and a fourth line pressure reducing internals (9), the four line pressure reducing internals all comprise tower plates (15) and packing devices (16), the packing devices (16) are arranged into two layers, each layer is provided with inclined channels inclined with the horizontal plane and composed of horizontal strip-shaped plates (12) and vertical strip-shaped plates (13) which are inclined with the horizontal plane and are crossed with each other, the inclined channels are arranged in a staggered way in the upper and lower adjacent packing, the inclined directions of the horizontal strip-shaped plates (12) and the vertical strip-shaped plates (13) relative to the horizontal plane are respectively opposite, the upper end of the first line pressure reducing internals (6) is a tower top (1), the tower top (1) comprises a vacuumizing assembly (4) and a tower top reflux device (5), and the tower body (2) is also connected with four groups of side line middle, the four-line decompression internal part (9) is further provided with a demister (14), the demister (14) is arranged at the uppermost part of the four-line decompression internal part (9), the four-line decompression internal part is structured packing, the tower bottom (3) is arranged below the four-line decompression internal part (9), the bottom end of the tower bottom (3) is an oil residue outlet (18), and the tower bottom (3) is further provided with a feeding port (19) and a steam inlet (17).

2. A vacuum column as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the filling device (16) is arranged below the middle-section backflow device (11).

3. A vacuum column as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top (1) of the decompression tower is connected with a vacuum pumping assembly (4) which is a vacuum pump unit to provide vacuum degree and assist in separating products of different sections of the decompression tower, and the residual pressure of the top (1) of the decompression tower is less than about 30 mmHg.

4. A vacuum column as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the vacuum tower removes water and extra-light components from the tower top (1); and (3) extracting heavy residual oil from the tower bottom of the vacuum tower, and extracting distillate oil from the tower body (2) of the vacuum tower to serve as catalytic or hydrogenation raw oil.

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