CN212063595U

CN212063595U - Microprocessor controlled battery charger

Info

Publication number: CN212063595U
Application number: CN201922236595.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡献; 田坤; 魏继昆; 朱宣东; 陈法庆; 朱宣辉
Original assignee: Zhejiang Kende Mechanical & Electrical Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Kende Mechanical & Electrical Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-13
Filing date: 2019-12-13
Publication date: 2020-12-01
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-13

Abstract

The utility model discloses a microprocessor-controlled storage battery charger, which relates to a microprocessor-controlled switching power supply type multifunctional storage battery charger with 12V/24V maximum charging current of 8A, and comprises 1) a switching power supply, a microprocessor and a liquid crystal display control technology; 2) five charging modes are provided, namely 12V STD, 12V AGM, 24V STD, 12V STD cold weather and 24V STD cold weather modes; 3) the method has eight-section control modes, including automatic identification of a storage battery, pulse charging, soft start charging, quick charging, deep charging, constant voltage charging, floating charging and maintenance charging; 4) the battery protection circuit has the functions of automatic identification, overheating, short circuit and reverse battery polarity connection protection.

Description

Microprocessor controlled battery charger

Technical Field

The utility model discloses a microprocessor control's battery charger relates to a 12V 24V, the biggest charging current is 8A's microprocessor control switch power formula multifunctional battery charger. Belongs to the technical field of storage battery chargers.

Background

Currently, the competition of the charger product market is not only reflected in the technical advancement, but also depends on the aspects of the circuit, function, appearance and structural design of the charger, the advancement of the production and manufacturing process, the level of production efficiency, the production cost, the consistency and reliability of the product and the like to a great extent.

At present, the output voltage of a small-sized storage battery charger in the markets at home and abroad is generally different types such as 6V/12V/24V. The charging current level of the mainstream charger product is usually low (such as 1A, 2A, 4A, 20A, etc.). The charger adopting the inversion and switching power supply control circuit has certain difficulty in meeting the requirements of large current output, multiple functions, high reliability and the like due to great development technical difficulty and high requirement. For the charger adopting the traditional transformer and rectifier structure and circuit form in the market, the charger is realized by adopting a mode of converting low-voltage alternating current through a low-frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) transformer and then rectifying, so that the charger has the problems of low technical content of products, heavy transformer and rectifier, more material consumption, large heat productivity, low working energy conversion efficiency, large product size, heavy weight and the like. In recent years, the development of electronically controlled (e.g., switching power supplies and inverter) battery chargers has been driven by the development of electronic control technology. The control technology mode adopted by the charger for meeting the output requirement is obviously different from the transformer rectifier type (traditional type) charger product, so the technical performance, energy saving and other indexes of the charger are greatly superior to those of the traditional type charger. The advanced technology greatly reduces the transformer of the charger, and the transformer is not in the form of a common transformer, but adopts a medium or high frequency switching power supply or a transformer of an inverter power supply (the magnetic core material for manufacturing the transformer and the like are fundamentally changed). Not only small, light in weight moreover, conveniently carries and transports more. Because the internal device works in a high-frequency switching state, the energy consumed by the internal device is extremely low. The efficiency of the charger can reach more than 90%, and is nearly doubled compared with the efficiency of the charger rectified by the traditional transformer. The charger has high energy conversion efficiency, and is remarkable in energy conservation, material conservation and the like. Therefore, the charger of the switching voltage stabilization or inverter power supply is known as a novel high-efficiency energy-saving power supply, and represents the development direction of the voltage stabilization power supply. With the rapid development of charger technology, the switching voltage-stabilizing or inverter power supply charger is developing towards miniaturization, high frequency and integration, and the high-efficiency switching voltage-stabilizing or inverter power supply charger is more and more widely used. The future is certainly an alternative to the conventional type charger.

An electronic control (such as a switching power supply and an inverter) charger mainly realizes the functions of a product by a circuit board and a control circuit on the circuit board. In general, their circuits are relatively complex compared to conventional type chargers. The production mode is mainly based on the manufacture and product assembly of the circuit board. Of course, different products, their circuit principles and the design of the circuit board, as well as the production mode may be completely different for the same output voltage and current level. These all affect the technical performance, reliability, production and manufacturing costs, product market competitiveness, etc. of the product. That is, the charger with different structure, circuit design and manufacturing process level has large difference in technical parameters, performance, production efficiency, reliability and market competitiveness.

Although the types of chargers that use electronic control (e.g., switching power supplies and inverters) are many. But their circuitry and internal and external structural forms are also diverse. Different circuits and their structural design ideas, the specific circuit forms adopted and the whole products and circuit arrangement modes are different. Moreover, the performance indexes of the charger, including output current/voltage, insulation level, temperature rise, manufacturing process level, product reliability and the like, may also show some obvious differences. Even under the same product parameter performance index, due to the difference of the structural design of the specific circuit and the charger thereof or the difference of the adopted packaging forms of the electronic components, the assembly, welding and detection process levels, automation degree and the like of the components such as the circuit board and the like are obviously different, so that the installation convenience, the production efficiency, the production cost, the product cost and the like of the circuit board of the product are obviously different during the production. For example, if a large number of patch devices and integrated circuit chargers are used, the size of the circuit board may be reduced and the cost of PCB materials may be reduced due to the small size of these devices. Meanwhile, the devices are generally assembled and welded by advanced and efficient equipment suitable for large-scale automatic production and detection, so that the production efficiency of the circuit board or the product can be greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, and the market competitiveness of the product is enhanced.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses a microprocessor control's battery charger relates to a 12V 24V, the biggest charging current is 8A's microprocessor control switch power supply formula battery charger, including the shell of charger and establish each spare part of constitution charger in this shell body, the utility model discloses the major components of charger include: the plastic casing upper cover, sealing washer, plastic casing lower cover, power cord and the drawing of charging wire do not take off or solidus ware, main control panel subassembly, power supply power cord, two parts such as battery jar clip line, the production of product mainly is the processing and the debugging problem of solving main control circuit board.

The utility model discloses the control circuit of multi-functional charger has adopted the system that uses switching power supply and microprocessor and LCD screen display control circuit as the owner, the size of charger is little, and light in weight carries very conveniently moreover, utilizes this charger can be to 12V or 24V's battery charging, and its charging current is 8A/12V, 4A 24V, the utility model discloses the charger has following characteristics: 1) the switch power supply type output control microprocessor control and the liquid crystal display technology are adopted; 2) five charging modes are provided, and a proper mode is selected through a mode button to charge a 12V or 24V storage battery at different currents; 3) the method has eight-section control modes, including automatic identification of a storage battery, pulse charging, soft start charging, quick charging, deep charging, constant voltage charging, floating charging and maintenance charging; 4) the battery protection circuit has the functions of automatic identification, overheating, short circuit and reverse battery polarity connection protection.

The following technical scheme is adopted for realizing the functions:

the utility model discloses a microprocessor control's battery charger relates to a 12V 24V, the biggest charging current is 8A's microprocessor control switch power formula multifunctional battery charger, its structural feature: the charger is mainly composed of an upper plastic shell cover, a lower plastic shell cover, a sealing ring, a main charger control panel assembly, a power supply power line and plug, a power line fixing pull-off part, two storage battery cell clamps (positive pole, red, negative pole and black), a charging line fixing pull-off part and a fastening screw part. And an output cable transfer line plug and an output cable transfer line socket are respectively arranged between the connecting lines of the two storage battery cell clamps. The power supply power line and the plug thereof are fixed at the corresponding card slot part of the shell through the wire fixing device (or pull-off); the connecting wires of the two storage battery cell clamps are fixed at the corresponding clamping groove parts of the shell through wire fixing devices (or pull-off). On the main control board assembly of the charger, there are also components and parts such as an output fast recovery diode radiator, an output (common mode) inductor, a voltage stabilizer, an output filter capacitor, a thermistor, a fast recovery diode, a switching power supply field effect transistor, an input filter capacitor, a thermistor NTC, a rectifier or a rectifier bridge, an input common mode inductor, a capacitor, an input common mode inductor, an input fuse or a fuse, a field effect transistor radiator, a transformer, a mode selection key or button, an output control field effect transistor, an LCD backlight or backlight, and an LCD display screen. The plastic shell upper cover is fixed on the plastic shell lower cover through screws. The sealing ring is arranged between the upper cover and the lower cover of the plastic shell, so that the charger can achieve a higher protection level. The charger main control panel assembly, the power supply power line and the plug, the output positive polarity clamp connecting end, the black negative polarity storage battery clamp and other parts are connected with each other through corresponding circuits through conducting wires.

The power supply line provides an external power supply for the circuit board of the charger. The two battery cell clamps are divided into red and black. During charging, the red color represents the + or positive polarity output by the charger and is connected with the + or positive polarity terminal of the storage battery; black represents the "-or negative" polarity of the charger output, connected to the "-or negative" polarity terminal of the battery.

The charger is small in size and volume, the weight is only about 700g, the charger is very convenient to carry, and a power supply can be 220-240 VAC, 50Hz or 60 Hz. The output rated current/voltage can reach 8A/12V and 4A/24V. The output ends are + and-which are respectively connected with the corresponding red and black storage battery cell clamps. When the charger is used, the mode button can be used for selecting to charge the 12V or 24V storage battery.

The utility model discloses charger control panel subassembly's front and back all are arranged in the overall arrangement has electronic device, between these devices, according to the utility model discloses the circuit schematic diagram that the charger given carries out the connection between electric. The large-size device is manufactured by adopting a manual plug-in unit when the charger is manufactured. In addition, there are many devices, i.e., a number of small-sized components, which are manufactured by an automatic die-bonding and soldering machine during the production of the charger. Therefore, it is right the utility model discloses the circuit board part of charger, except that the big components and parts of a small amount of sizes need manual assembly and welding, other a lot of electronic components all adopt the installation and the welded of the automatic device of accomplishing of efficient chip mounter on the circuit board. Therefore, the production efficiency of the circuit board is high, the error rate is low, the manufacturing quality is high, and finally, the one-time qualified rate during the production of the circuit board is high, and the manufacturing cost is low. However, for general charger manufacturers, due to weak strength and small production quantity of products, the circuit board cannot be produced by adopting a large number of SMT chip devices, and automatic or large-scale production is difficult to realize. The production method mainly depends on manual insertion, assembly and welding, so that the production efficiency of products is low, and the technological level is relatively lagged.

Good circuit and structure, multi-functional design are the utility model discloses an advantage place also is the important guarantee that satisfies high efficiency and low-cost production, high reliability, manufacturing technology advance. The present invention is directed to protecting the structure and circuitry and layout of such chargers.

The utility model discloses multi-functional charger control circuit has adopted the system that uses switching power supply and microprocessor and LCD screen display control circuit as the main. The utility model provides a structure and the circuit schematic diagram of charger to comparatively detailed explanation has been carried out. The charger has small size (280 x 110 x 63 mm) and volume, light weight (700 g) and convenient carrying. The charger can be used for charging 12V or 24V storage batteries. The charging current is 8A/12V, 4A/24V.

The utility model discloses charger is equipped with on operating panel: 1) and a liquid crystal display screen. 2) A mode selection button. The appropriate mode can be selected by the mode button for different types and capacities of batteries under different weather conditions (general weather and cold climate) to charge the 12V or 24V battery with different currents. Because the corresponding symbol is used as the state guide, the operator can easily operate and recognize the state guide. In the control circuit, these state and mode controls are implemented by a microprocessor control system. As shown in fig. 5. The level state control signal of the mode selection mode button is input to the CPU chip of the microprocessor. Under the control of program, the microprocessor can know whether the mode button is pressed or not through software scanning, and can perform corresponding control according to the operation condition of the mode button after pressing the mode button for several times.

The utility model discloses the charger has following characteristics: 1) the switch power supply type output control, microprocessor control and liquid crystal screen display technology are adopted; 2) there are five charging modes, namely 12V STD, 12V AGM, 24V STD, 12V STD cold weather, 24V STD cold weather mode, there are "12V STD", "12V AGM", "24V STD", "12V STD and snowflake (cold weather)" and "24V STD and snowflake (cold weather)" symbolic indications, respectively. The appropriate mode can be selected through the mode button under the general or cold weather conditions aiming at different types and capacities of storage batteries, and the 12V or 24V storage battery can be charged at different currents; 3) the method has eight-section control modes, including automatic identification of a storage battery, pulse charging, soft start charging, quick charging, deep charging, constant voltage charging, floating charging and maintenance charging; 4) the battery protection circuit has the functions of automatic identification, overheating, short circuit and reverse battery polarity connection protection. The automatic recognition function means: A) when the charger is charged, the control system judges that the storage battery is a faulty storage battery, or a storage battery with 12V, or a storage battery with 24V, or the charger is not connected with the storage battery according to the detected voltage. The protection function means: A) when the polarity of the connection between the charger and the storage battery of the utility model is reversed, the charger can automatically reverse connection protection and has reverse connection symbol indication prompt; B) when the overheating phenomenon is detected, the charger can automatically reduce the charging current to 2A; C) when the clip of this charger is not connected to the battery, perhaps the utility model discloses when the output of charger takes place the short circuit phenomenon, can show "the battery is not connected or output short circuit" symbol, the charger can protect automatically.

The liquid crystal screen display part of the charger of the utility model can display the voltage value of the storage battery and the unit volt (V) thereof; can display a "12V STD" battery symbol, representing a 12V STD type (lead-acid) battery; a "12V AGM" battery symbol can be displayed, representing a 12V AGM type battery (valve regulated sealed lead battery, also known as VRLA battery); can display a 24V STD cell symbol which represents a 24V STD type storage battery; a "snowflake" symbol may be displayed representing battery charging in cold weather mode; the shape of the storage battery can be displayed, the full-charge degree of the storage battery can be represented, and meanwhile, a display mode of partial circular rolling can be adopted to represent the storage battery in the charging process; when the positive and negative polarities of the accumulator connected by the clamp of the charger of the utility model are connected reversely, namely the output positive polarity of the charger is connected to the negative pole of the accumulator, and the output negative polarity of the charger is connected to the positive pole of the accumulator, the polarity connection reverse symbol can be displayed; a "band x battery symbol" may be displayed to indicate that the connected battery is neither a 12V battery nor a 24V battery, or that it is determined that the battery is faulty (i.e., that the battery has been damaged); the clamp of the charger is not connected to the storage battery, or when the output of the charger of the utility model has short circuit, the sign of 'the storage battery is not connected or short circuit is output' can be displayed; when the battery is fully charged, "FUL" is displayed, indicating that the battery is fully charged.

To 12V's battery charging, the utility model discloses the charger is equipped with following eight sections control mode: in the first stage, the voltage of the storage battery is detected, and the detection time is 3S; the control system can judge whether the storage battery is a faulty storage battery or a 12V storage battery or a 24V storage battery or not according to the detected voltage, and the process is also the automatic storage battery identification function of the charger; in the second stage, when the detected voltage (represented by U) of the storage battery is more than or equal to 7.5V and less than 11.1V, the control system judges that the connected storage battery is over-discharged and needs to be subjected to pulse repair, and the process is called pulse charging of the storage battery; when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 11.1V and U is less than 12.1V, the charger control system outputs 2A charging current, the storage battery is charged by the small current, and the process is called soft start charging; fourthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 12.0V and U is less than or equal to 13.6V, the charger control system charges the storage battery by the maximum charging current of 8A so as to improve the charging speed or efficiency, and the process is called as the rapid charging of the storage battery; fifthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 13.6V and U is less than 14.0V, the charger control system charges the storage battery by the charging current of 6A, and the process is called deep charging of the storage battery; and sixthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is 14.0V and U is less than FUL, the charger control system gradually reduces the charging current along with the increase of the voltage of the storage battery, and the storage battery is charged in the way. The charging in this process is similar to a constant voltage charging mode, and is also called constant voltage charging; a seventh stage, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is FUL, the charger control system outputs a small charging current to float and charge the storage battery to maintain the self-discharge loss of the storage battery, and on the other hand, the full charge degree of the storage battery can be improved, and the process is called float charging (also called trickle charging, namely small current charging); in the eighth stage, when the detected voltage of the storage battery reaches the full charge degree and the voltage U of the storage battery is less than 12.8V, the charger control system recharges the storage battery with a small current of 2A so that the storage battery is always kept in a full state, and the process is called the maintenance charging process.

To 24V's battery charging, the utility model discloses the charger is equipped with following eight sections control mode: in the first stage, the voltage of the storage battery is detected, and the detection time is 3S; the control system judges whether the storage battery is a fault storage battery, or a storage battery with 12V, or a storage battery with 24V, or a storage battery with no connection of a charger according to the detected voltage. This process is also the automatic identification function of the storage battery of the charger of the utility model; in the second stage, when the detected voltage (expressed by U) of the storage battery is more than or equal to 15.5V and less than or equal to U <22.1V, the control system judges that the connected storage battery is over-discharged and needs to be subjected to pulse repair, and the process is called pulse charging of the storage battery; third, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 22.2V and U is less than 24.0V, the charger control system outputs 2A charging current, the storage battery is charged by the small current, and the process is called soft start charging; fourthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 24V and U is less than 27.2V, the charger control system charges the storage battery by the maximum 4A charging current so as to improve the charging speed or efficiency, and the process is called as the rapid charging of the storage battery; fifthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 27.2V and U is less than 28.0V, the charger control system charges the storage battery by the charging current of 3A, and the process is called deep charging of the storage battery; and sixthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is less than or equal to 28.0V and less than U < FUL, the charger control system gradually reduces the charging current along with the increase of the voltage of the storage battery and charges the storage battery in the way. The charging in this process is similar to a constant voltage charging mode, and is also called constant voltage charging; a seventh stage, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is FUL, the charger control system outputs a small charging current to float and charge the storage battery to maintain the self-discharge loss of the storage battery, and on the other hand, the full charge degree of the storage battery can be improved, and the process is called float charging (also called trickle charging, namely small current charging); in the eighth stage, when the detected voltage of the storage battery reaches the full charge degree and the voltage U of the storage battery is less than 25.6V, the charger control system recharges the storage battery with a small current of 2A so that the storage battery is always kept in a full state, and the process is called the maintenance charging process.

Whether the 12V storage battery is charged or the 24V storage battery is charged, if the charging state is normal, the microprocessor CPU system and the switching power supply circuit part carry out corresponding charging control through a voltage feedback detection signal, a detected current feedback signal and an operation mode selection condition. For example, eight-section control modes are realized, including automatic storage battery identification, pulse charging, soft start charging, quick charging, deep charging, constant voltage charging, floating charging and maintenance charging; the functions of overheat, short circuit and reverse battery polarity protection are realized.

The charger of the utility model has the characteristics of the charger except that the control circuit, the function and the structural design are provided, and the charger is also produced by adopting the advanced processing technology. On the circuit board, besides some large-sized plug-in components (such as a switching power supply transformer, a field effect transistor and a radiator thereof, a rectifier diode and a radiator thereof, an electrolytic capacitor, a filter common mode inductor, and the like), a large number of chip components are also provided, such as chip resistors, capacitors, diodes, triodes, and the like. When the charger circuit board is produced, besides a small number of large-size devices need to be assembled and welded manually, a large number of other electronic components on the circuit board are automatically installed and welded by adopting a high-efficiency chip mounter, a high-efficiency plug-in machine and a high-efficiency welding machine. Because the number of the manually assembled devices and the operation time for welding the devices are less, the production efficiency of the circuit board and even the whole charger is higher, the error rate is low, the manufacturing quality is higher, the one-time qualification rate is high during the production of the product, and the manufacturing cost is low. However, general charger manufacturers are not able to produce circuit boards by using a large number of SMT chip devices due to weak strength and small production quantity of products, and are also difficult to realize automatic or large-scale production. The production method mainly depends on manual insertion, assembly and welding, so that the production efficiency of products is low, and the technological level is relatively lagged. It can be seen that the utility model discloses the design and the processing mode of circuit board have also played good effect for reducing manufacturing cost. The control circuit and the structure of the charger are reasonable, the volume is small, the weight is light, the cost is low, the production efficiency is high, the manufacturing technology is advanced, and the like. The structure and the circuit principle of this charger are the utility model discloses a key of protection.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary charger of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an input filter rectifier circuit of the charger of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a portion of the switching power supply of the charger of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the switching power supply of the charger of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the microprocessor control portion of the charger of the present invention;

the names of the components in the drawings are as follows:

1. an upper cover of the plastic shell; 2. a seal ring; 3. a power cord plug; 4. the power line is not pulled off or the wire fixer is fixed; 5. a main control panel; 6. a charger hook; 7. m3 x 12 self-tapping screw; 8. a plastic shell lower cover; 9. the output cable is pulled off or fixed; 10. outputting a cable patch cord plug; 11. an output cable patch cord socket; 12. outputting the positive electrode of the clamp; 13. outputting the negative electrode of the clamp; 14. an output fast recovery diode radiator; 15. an output (common mode) inductance; 16. a voltage regulator; 17. an output filter capacitor; 18. a thermistor; 19. a fast recovery diode; 20. a switching power supply field effect transistor; 21. inputting a filter capacitor; 22. a thermistor; 23. a rectifier bridge; 24. inputting a common mode inductor I; 25. a capacitor; 26. inputting a common mode inductor II; 27. inputting a fuse; 28. a field effect tube heat sink; 29. a transformer; 30. a mode selection key; 31. an output control field effect transistor; 32. an LCD backlight; 33. and an LCD display screen.

Detailed Description

As attached figure 1, the utility model discloses a microprocessor control's battery charger relates to a 12V 24V, the biggest charging current is 8A's microprocessor control switching power supply formula multifunctional battery charger product, its structural feature:

the charger is small in size (280 multiplied by 110 multiplied by 63 mm) and volume and light in weight (700 g), and is mainly composed of an upper plastic shell cover 1, a lower plastic shell cover 8, a sealing ring 2, a charger main control board assembly 5, a power supply power line and plug 3, a power line fixing pull-off part 4, two storage battery cell clamps (12 are positive electrodes, red, 13 is negative electrodes, black), a charging line fixing pull-off part 9 and a fastening screw 7, wherein the size (280 multiplied by 110 multiplied by 63 mm) and the volume are small, and the weight (700 g) is light as shown in figure 1. An output cable transfer line plug 10 and an output cable transfer line socket 11 are respectively arranged between the connecting lines of the two storage battery cell clamps. The power supply power line and the plug 3 thereof are fixed at the corresponding card slot part of the shell through the wire fixing device (or called as pull-off) 4; the connecting wires of the two storage battery cell clamps are fixed at the corresponding clamping groove parts of the shell through wire fixing devices (or pull-off devices) 9. The charger main control board assembly 5 further includes components and parts such as an output fast recovery diode radiator 14, an output (common mode) inductor 15, a voltage stabilizer 16, an output filter capacitor 17, a thermistor 18, a fast recovery diode 19, a switching power supply fet 20, an input filter capacitor 21, a thermistor NTC22, a rectifier or rectifier bridge 23, an input common mode inductor 24, a capacitor 25, an input common mode inductor 26, an input fuse or fuse 27, a fet radiator 28, a transformer 29, a mode selection button or button 30, an output control fet 31, an LCD backlight or backlight 32, and an LCD display 33. The plastic shell upper cover 1 is fixed on the plastic shell lower cover 8 through screws 7. The sealing ring 2 is arranged between the plastic shell upper cover 1 and the plastic shell lower cover 8, so that the charger can achieve a higher protection level. The charger main control panel assembly 5, the power supply line and the plug 3, the red positive polarity storage battery clamp 12, the black negative polarity storage battery clamp 13 and other parts are connected with each other through corresponding circuits through conducting wires.

The circuit composition schematic diagram of the main control board part of the charger is shown in the attached figures 2-5. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the input, filtering and rectifying circuits of the charger of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a part of the switching power supply of the charger of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a switching power supply of the charger of the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the microprocessor control portion of the charger of the present invention.

The power supply line provides an external power supply for the circuit board of the charger. The two battery cell clamps are divided into red and black. During charging, the red color represents the output ' BAT + (see figure 4) or positive ' polarity of the charger, and is connected with the + or positive ' polarity terminal of the storage battery; black represents the "BAT- (see fig. 4) or negative" polarity of the charger output, connected to the "-or negative" polarity terminal of the battery. The power supply of the charger can be AC 220-240V, 50Hz or 60 Hz. The output rated current/voltage can reach 8A/12V and 4A/24V. The 12V or 24V storage battery can be charged.

For the liquid crystal display part of the charger of the utility model, the liquid crystal display part is used for displaying the voltage value of the storage battery, P is the decimal point of the value, and the 'V' of the T11 part represents the unit volt (V) of the voltage value; part T7, the "12V STD" battery symbol, represents a 12V STD type (lead-acid) battery; the section T8, the "12V AGM" battery symbol, represents a 12V AGM type battery (valve regulated sealed lead battery, also known as VRLA battery); the section T10, the "24V STD" battery symbol, represents a 24V STD type accumulator; part T9, the "snow" symbol, represents battery charging in cold weather mode; a portion T1 representing the shape of the battery; the degree of full battery voltage is indicated by the displays of the T6, T5, T4, T3, and T2 sections; the cyclic scrolling display of the T4, T3 and T2 sections, indicating that the battery is in the process of charging; for example, for a 12V battery charge, when the detected battery voltage (denoted by U) is 7.5V ≦ U <12.1V, the portion T1 is displayed; when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 12.1V and less than 13.1V, displaying a T1 part and a T6 part; when the detected voltage of the storage battery is 13.1V ≦ U <13.7V, the parts T1, T6 and T5 are displayed, the three parts are fixedly displayed, and the parts T4, T3 and T2 are displayed in a circulating and rolling mode; when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 13.7V and less than U <14.1V, displaying T1, T6, T5 and T4 parts; when the detected voltage of the storage battery is 14.1V and is less than or equal to U < FUL, displaying T1, T6, T5, T4 and T3 parts, indicating that the storage battery is about to be fully charged; when the detected battery voltage U = FUL, displaying T1, T6, T5, T4, T3, and T2 portions; when the storage battery is fully charged, a part "1" or a first number 8 shows "F", "a part" 2 "or a second number 8 shows" U "," a part "3" or a third number 8 shows "L", namely, "FUL" is shown, which indicates that the storage battery is fully charged; when the positive and negative polarities of the accumulator connected by the clamp of the charger of the utility model are connected reversely, namely the output positive polarity of the charger is connected to the negative pole of the accumulator, and the output negative polarity of the charger is connected to the positive pole of the accumulator, only the T14 part is displayed, namely the polarity is connected with the reverse sign; when the detected voltage of the storage battery is 0.5V-U <7.5V, a T13 part, namely a battery symbol with a multiplied value is displayed, and the control system can consider that the connected storage battery is not a storage battery with 12V or 24V or judge that the storage battery is in failure (namely, the storage battery is damaged); when the battery voltage 0.0V that detects is less than or equal to U <0.5V, be promptly when the clip of this charger is not connected to the battery, perhaps the utility model discloses when the output of charger takes place the short circuit phenomenon, control system judges on the clip of this charger is not connected to the battery, perhaps judges for the output short circuit, at this moment, shows the T12 part, shows promptly that "the battery is not connected or output short circuit" symbol, and the charger can protect automatically.

For a 12V STD type battery, the full charge voltage is 14.4V; for a 12V STD type battery, the full charge voltage in cold weather mode is 14.8V; for a 12V AGM type battery, the full charge voltage is 14.6V; for a 12V AGM type battery, the full charge voltage is 15.2V; for a 24V STD type battery, the full charge voltage is 28.8V; for a 24V STD type battery, the full charge voltage in the cold weather mode is 29.6V.

To 12V battery charging, the utility model discloses the charger is equipped with following eight sections control mode: in the first stage, the voltage of the storage battery is detected, and the detection time is 3S; the control system can judge whether the storage battery is a faulty storage battery or a 12V storage battery or a 24V storage battery or not according to the detected voltage, and the process is also the automatic storage battery identification function of the charger; in the second stage, when the detected voltage (represented by U) of the storage battery is more than or equal to 7.5V and less than 11.1V, the control system judges that the connected storage battery is over-discharged and needs to be subjected to pulse repair, and the process is called pulse charging of the storage battery; when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 11.1V and U is less than 12.1V, the charger control system outputs 2A charging current, the storage battery is charged by the small current, and the process is called soft start charging; fourthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 12.0V and U is less than or equal to 13.6V, the charger control system charges the storage battery by the maximum charging current of 8A so as to improve the charging speed or efficiency, and the process is called as the rapid charging of the storage battery; fifthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 13.6V and U is less than 14.0V, the charger control system charges the storage battery by the charging current of 6A, and the process is called deep charging of the storage battery; and sixthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is 14.0V and U is less than FUL, the charger control system gradually reduces the charging current along with the increase of the voltage of the storage battery, and the storage battery is charged in the way. The charging in this process is similar to a constant voltage charging mode, and is also called constant voltage charging; a seventh stage, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is FUL, the charger control system outputs a small charging current to float and charge the storage battery to maintain the self-discharge loss of the storage battery, and on the other hand, the full charge degree of the storage battery can be improved, and the process is called float charging (also called trickle charging, namely small current charging); in the eighth stage, when the detected voltage of the storage battery reaches the full charge degree and the voltage U of the storage battery is less than 12.8V, the charger control system recharges the storage battery with a small current of 2A so that the storage battery is always kept in a full state, and the process is called the maintenance charging process.

To 24V battery charging, the utility model discloses the charger is equipped with following eight sections control mode: in the first stage, the voltage of the storage battery is detected, and the detection time is 3S; the control system judges whether the storage battery is a fault storage battery, or a storage battery with 12V, or a storage battery with 24V, or a storage battery with no connection of a charger according to the detected voltage. This process is also the automatic identification function of the storage battery of the charger of the utility model; in the second stage, when the detected voltage (expressed by U) of the storage battery is more than or equal to 15.5V and less than or equal to U <22.1V, the control system judges that the connected storage battery is over-discharged and needs to be subjected to pulse repair, and the process is called pulse charging of the storage battery; third, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 22.2V and U is less than 24.0V, the charger control system outputs 2A charging current, and the storage battery is charged by the small current, wherein the process is called soft start charging; fourthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 24V and U is less than 27.2V, the charger control system charges the storage battery by the maximum 4A charging current so as to improve the charging speed or efficiency, and the process is called as the rapid charging of the storage battery; fifthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is more than or equal to 27.2V and U is less than 28.0V, the charger control system charges the storage battery by the charging current of 3A, and the process is called deep charging of the storage battery; and sixthly, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is less than or equal to 28.0V and less than U < FUL, the charger control system gradually reduces the charging current along with the increase of the voltage of the storage battery and charges the storage battery in the way. The charging in this process is similar to a constant voltage charging mode, and is also called constant voltage charging; a seventh stage, when the detected voltage of the storage battery is FUL, the charger control system outputs a small charging current to float and charge the storage battery to maintain the self-discharge loss of the storage battery, and on the other hand, the full charge degree of the storage battery can be improved, and the process is called float charging (also called trickle charging, namely small current charging); in the eighth stage, when the detected voltage of the storage battery reaches the full charge degree and the voltage U of the storage battery is less than 25.6V, the charger control system recharges the storage battery with a small current of 2A so that the storage battery is always kept in a full state, and the process is called the maintenance charging process.

See figure 2. The input, filtering and rectifying circuits of the charger of the utility model are connected with a fuse F1; the filter common-mode inductor LF1, the capacitor CX1, the first-stage input filter circuit consisting of the resistors R101 and R102; the filter circuit comprises a second-stage input filter circuit consisting of a filter common-mode inductor LF2 and a capacitor CX2, a third-stage input filter circuit consisting of a filter common-mode inductor LF3, filter capacitors CY 1-CY 6, a rectifier DB1 and an output filter electrolytic capacitor thereof. A power supply 220-240V, 50Hz or 60Hz is input from the L, N end; the PE is a protective ground, connected to the ground of the power supply. The fuse F1 is connected in series in the input power circuit; two windings of the filtering common-mode inductor LF1 are connected in series in two input power cable loops; the capacitor CX1 is connected in parallel at two output ends of the filtering common-mode inductor LF1, and the resistors R101 and R102 are connected in series and then connected in parallel at two ends of the capacitor CX 1; the post-stage circuit of the circuit comprises two parts, namely, two windings of a filtering common-mode inductor LF2 are connected in series in a first-stage input filtering circuit, and a capacitor CX2 is connected in parallel at two output ends of the filtering common-mode inductor LF 2; the filter capacitor CY4 and the filter capacitor CY5 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the two winding input ends of the filter common-mode inductor LF2, and the filter capacitor CY3 and the filter capacitor CY6 which are connected in series are connected between the middle node of the filter capacitor CY4 and the filter capacitor CY5 which are connected in series and the ground of the power supply; the two winding input ends of the filter common mode inductor LF3 are connected in parallel at the two ends of the capacitor CX2, and the output end is connected to the two ac input ends of the rectifier DB 1; the output of the rectifier DB1 is filtered by an electrolytic capacitor C1 to obtain a stable direct-current high-voltage of + VA, the other end of the output of the rectifier DB1 is the ground end of the circuit, and a filter capacitor CY1 and a filter capacitor CY2 are connected between the ground end and the ground of the power supply; above-mentioned multistage filter circuit and some filter capacitance's setting can ensure the utility model discloses charger control circuit's operational reliability.

The utility model discloses charger circular telegram back, L and N both ends switch on 220~240VAC of electric wire netting power, corresponding control circuit live working. Alternating current from a power grid is rectified into direct current through a three-stage input filter circuit consisting of LF1, LF2 and LF3 common-mode inductors, CX1, capacitors CX2, R101 and R102 resistors and a filter circuit consisting of CY 1-CY 6 on a circuit board and a rectifier bridge or a rectifier consisting of DB 1. Then filtered by an electrolytic capacitor C1 to become more stable +310V direct current + VA, which is supplied to a switching power supply control circuit part in the attached figure 3, which is composed of a MOS tube Q1, a switching transformer B, MOS, a switching drive control chip U1 (LD 7750 RGR) of the tube Q1, peripheral devices and the like.

See figure 3. The utility model discloses the partly circuit of switching power supply of charger comprises switching power supply control chip U1, opto-coupler U4, MOS pipe Q1, switching power supply transformer B's N1 and N3 winding, diode, resistance and electric capacity. A resistor R114 is connected between the pin 1 of the U1 and the ground; a capacitor C104 and an output stage triode in the optocoupler U4 are connected between the pin 2 of the U1 and the ground, namely the collector of the triode is connected with the pin 2 of the U1, and the emitter of the triode is grounded; a capacitor C103 is connected between the 3 pins of the U1 and the ground; the pin 3 of the U1 is connected with R113, and the other end of the R113 is connected with R112, R108 and the drain electrode S end of the MOS transistor Q1; the other end of R108 is grounded; the other end of the R112 is connected with the anode of the diode D103, the R110 and the grid G end of the MOS transistor Q1, and the cathode of the diode D103 and the 5-pin OUT output end of the R110 are connected with the U1; a capacitor C102 is connected in parallel between the source D end and the drain S end of the MOS transistor Q1, and the source D end of the MOS transistor Q1 is also connected with the anode of a diode D101 and one end of a primary N1 of the switching power supply transformer B; the cathode of the diode D101 is connected with R103, R104, R105 and C7, and the other ends of R103, R104, R105 and C7 are connected with the other end of the primary N1 of the switching power supply transformer B and the + VA direct-current high-voltage end; the pin 8 of the U1 is connected with the R107 and the R106 which are connected in series, and the other end of the R107 and the R106 which are connected in series is connected to a + VA direct-current high-voltage end; the 6 th pin of U1 is connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C2 and the cathode of diode D102, the anode of diode D102 is connected to one terminal of the N3 winding of switch power transformer B, and the other terminal of the N3 winding is grounded.

Under the action of the control circuit, the energy of the charger is converted by the high-frequency switching power supply transformer B to transfer the energy of the primary winding to the secondary windings (N2, N3, N4, N2 and N4 are shown in figure 4). And then outputs DC voltages with different values for load use after corresponding rectification and filtering. The square wave signal output by the pin 5 of the U1 (LD 7750 RGR) chip drives the MOS tube Q1 through the gate limiting resistor R110. When the MOS transistor Q1 is conducted, the primary winding N1 coil of the high-frequency switching power supply transformer B connected with the MOS transistor Q1 stores electric energy. It is only after the winding coil has stored energy that it is possible to supply the load by other means. When Q1 is turned on, the current in the primary winding N1 of the high-frequency switching power supply transformer B increases linearly, and the magnetic field increases. D102 in the output of the secondary coil N3 is conducted, and power is supplied to a U1 (LD 7750 RGR) chip 6-pin load (circuit) by a capacitor C2; d1 and D202 of the secondary windings N2 and N4 are turned on, and power is supplied to the respective loads (circuits) by the capacitors C6, C4 and C3.

The output signal of the triode of the optocoupler U4 can affect the level of the 2 pin (COMP) of the U1 (LD 7750 RGR) chip, can control the output pulse width (or pulse width) of the 5 pin of the U1 (LD 7750 RGR) chip, and finally controls the state of the field effect transistor Q1 in the attached figure 3 so as to change the output voltage and current of the charger.

In the present invention, the U1 (LD 7750 RGR) chip is an 8-pin MOS transistor driving control chip. The PWM (pulse width modulation) control chip is a current mode PWM control chip with high integration and low power consumption. The performance and usage of the chip are described and referred to in the disclosure. For reasons of space, this will not be explained in more detail here.

See fig. 4. The utility model discloses the circuit of switching power supply two parts of charger comprises switching power supply transformer B's N2 and N4 winding, high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1, field effect transistor Q202, NPN type triode Q203 and NPN type triode Q204, stabiliser U3, two operational amplifier U5, opto-coupler U4, stabilivolt DZ1 and stabilivolt DZ2, output filter inductance L1, diode D201, D202 and D203, resistance R01 and R02, R45, R201-R210, R212, R215-R218, R225, R227-R231, R233, R244, R247-R249, RS1, electric capacity C211-C214, C201-C207, electrolytic capacity C3-C6, C32. A current sensing shunt or sense resistor RS1 is output. The output ends of the charger are BAT + 'and BAT-', and are respectively connected with the corresponding red and black storage battery cell clamps. The voltage regulator U3 enables U3 to output +5V voltage through setting of R247 and R248, the voltage is supplied to corresponding circuits to be used as working power supply, and the +5V is filtered through capacitors C5 and C213. One end of the winding of the N2 of the switching power supply transformer B is grounded, the other end of the winding is connected with NS3, R225 and the anode of a high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1, the NS3 is connected with the corresponding NS3 in the figure 5, the other end of the R225 is connected with C212, and the other end of the C212 is connected with the cathode of D1; the cathode of D1 is connected with R45 and + VCC, and the other end of R45 is connected with the anode of D203; + VCC is the D1 rectified output voltage; c4, C6 and R227-R230 are connected in parallel between + VCC and ground; + VCC also connects parallel resistors R01 and R02, the other ends of resistors R01 and R02 connect the cathode of DZ1, the S terminals of R233 and Q202 fets, the other ends of DZ1 and R233 connect to the G terminal of the gate or control electrode of Q202 fet, the G terminal of the gate or control electrode also connects R231, the other end of R231 connects the collector of Q203, the emitter of Q203 connects to ground, the base of Q203 connects to R244, the other end of R244 connects to the P40 terminal of U2 in fig. 5, i.e., U2-8-PMOS terminal; the D and S ends of the Q202 are connected in parallel with a diode, and the anode of the diode is connected with the D end of the Q202 to play a role in protecting the Q202; the D end of the Q202 is connected with the C214 and one end of one winding of an output filter inductor L1, and the other end of the winding is connected with BAT +; the C214 is connected with one end of the other winding of the output filter inductor L1, a shunt or detection resistor RS1 and C205 for outputting current detection, the other ends of the shunt or detection resistor RS1 and C205 for outputting current detection are grounded, the other end of the other winding of the output filter inductor L1 is connected with BAT-, and the voltage obtained on the RS1 is a current output detection signal Ufi; one end of an N4 winding of the switching power supply transformer B is grounded, the other end of the N4 winding is connected with the anode of the D202, the cathode of the D202 is connected with the anode of the C3 and the cathode of the D203, the collectors of R249 and Q204 and the input end of the U3, the other end of the C3 winding is grounded, the other end of the R249 winding is connected with the base of the Q204 and the cathode of the DZ2, the anode of the DZ2 winding is grounded, the emitter of the Q204 winding is connected with the anode of the C32, the power supply ends of the C211 and the U5 (namely the 8 feet of the LM 358), and; the power supply terminal of U5 (i.e. pin 8 of LM 358) is connected with R201, the other end of R201 is connected with R202 and the anode of the LED in U4, the other end of R202 is connected with the cathode of the LED, the cathode of the LED is connected with R203 and the anode of D201, the other end of R203 is connected with the output end of the first operational amplifier in U5, and the cathode of D201 is connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier in U5; the first operational amplifier in U5 and its peripheral resistance, electric capacity constitute the utility model discloses the output voltage feedback control circuit of charger. The resistor-capacitor series circuit of R206 and C201 is connected in parallel between the inverting input end and the output end of the first operational amplifier in U5, the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with R203, and the LED in the optocoupler U4 is controlled through the R203; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with R205 and R207, the other end of R207 is grounded, the other end of R205 is connected with + VCC, namely, the high and low of the output voltage rectified and filtered by D1 are detected, and the output voltage is also a voltage feedback control signal Ufu; the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with C202, R204 and R217, the other end of the C202 is grounded, the other end of the R204 is connected with +5V, the other end of the R217 is connected with C207 and R218, the other end of the C207 is grounded, and the other end of the R218 is connected with a P53 end of U2 in the figure 5, namely a U2-5-PWMU end, and is also an output voltage given signal Uug given by a microprocessing control system; the second operational amplifier in U5 and its peripheral resistance and capacitance constitute the output current feedback control circuit of the charger of the utility model. The resistor-capacitor series circuit of R209 and C204 is connected in parallel between the inverting input end and the output end of the second operational amplifier in U5, the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the cathode of D201, and the LED in the optocoupler U4 is controlled through the D201; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with R212, and the other end of R212 is connected with Ufi, namely a current feedback control signal Ufi detected by RS 1; the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected with C203, R208, R210 and R215, the other ends of C203 and R208 are grounded, the other end of R210 is connected with +5V, the other end of R215 is connected with C206 and R216, the other end of C206 is grounded, and the other end of R216 is connected with the P03 terminal of U2 in figure 5, namely, the U2-28-PWMA terminal, and is also an output current given signal Uig given by the microprocessing control system.

The utility model discloses the output voltage and the electric current size of charger are controlled by control circuit. And carrying out output control according to the set parameters and states. These controls are important prerequisites for ensuring stable operation of the charger. For example, when the given value of the current is increased, the output pulse width of the pin 5 of the U1 (LD 7750 RGR) chip is increased, so that the output current of the charger is increased; otherwise, the charging current is decreased. When the given value of the charging current is not changed and the output current is changed, the control result of the control circuit can stabilize the output charging current. For example, when the given value of the charging current is not changed and the output current is increased due to some external cause, the feedback current signal is increased, so that the PWM output pulse width of the controller is reduced, and the output charging current is restored to the given value. That is, the control result of the control circuit will stabilize the output charging current. The control process of the output voltage is similar to the current feedback control process, and is not described in detail.

Under normal conditions, along with the progress of charging process, the longer the charging time, the voltage of battery storage battery both ends can rise gradually. The charging current of the charger is less and less until the storage battery is fully charged. Can prevent the storage battery from being over-charged to cause the bad phenomena of water loss, drum charging and the like of the storage battery.

See fig. 5. The utility model discloses microprocessor control portion's of charger circuit is by microprocessor CPU chip U2 (MC 96F6332 ADBN), interface SXK is write to the procedure, LCD light LCD screen display background light source lamp, opto-coupler U6, charger mode selection button SW1, NPN type triode Q205, diode D204 and D205, thermistor NTC1, electric capacity C208, C209, C210 and C213 to and resistance J7, R213 and R214, R219 ~ R224, R234 ~ R236 and R245 are constituteed. The program programming interface SXK is used for controlling programming of programs; U2-P10 is connected with a resistor J7, the other end of J7 is connected with a capacitor C209 and resistors R220 and R221, and the other ends of C209 and R221 are grounded; the other end of the R220 is connected to BAT +, i.e. the output positive polarity clip connection end of the charger of the present invention; U2-P07 is connected with resistors R222 and R224, the other end of R224 is grounded, the other end of R222 is connected with cathodes of C210 and D204, the other end of C210 is grounded, an anode of D204 is connected with R223, and the other end of R223 is connected with NS3, namely the anode of D1 in figure 4 or the output end of a secondary winding N2 of a switching power supply transformer; U2-P04 connects resistors R213 and C208, the other end of C208 is grounded, and the other end of R213 is connected to Ufi, namely the output of RS1 in FIG. 4, namely the current feedback detection signal; U2-P02 is connected with a resistor R214 and a thermistor NTC1, the other end of the NTC1 is grounded, and the other end of the R214 is connected with + 5V; U2-P03 was connected to U2-28-PWMA in FIG. 4; the U2-P42 is connected with the R219, the other end of the R219 is connected with an LCD light liquid crystal screen display background light source lamp, the other end of the lamp is connected with +5V, when the U2-P42 outputs low level, the background light source lamp is lightened, the LCD liquid crystal screen can normally display and work, and the display content and the display position are determined by a microprocessor control program; U2-P41 is connected with a mode selection button SW1, and the other end of SW1 is grounded; U2-P40 is connected to U2-8-PMOS in FIG. 4; U2-P53 is connected to U2-5-PWMU in FIG. 4; U2-P54 is connected with R245, the other end of R245 is connected with the base electrode of an NPN type triode Q205, the emitter electrode of Q205 is grounded, the collector electrode of Q205 is connected with R236, and the other end of R236 is connected with + VCC, namely + VCC point in figure 4; the U2-P55 is connected with the R235 and the collector of an output stage triode in the optocoupler U6, the emitter of the triode is grounded, and the other end of the R235 is connected with + 5V; the cathode of the light emitting diode in the optocoupler U6 is connected with the anode of the D205, the cathode of the D205 is connected with BAT +, the anode of the light emitting diode in the optocoupler U6 is connected with the R234, and the other end of the R234 is grounded; when the level of BAT + is low level, that is to say, the utility model discloses the red positive polarity of charger connects the clip and is connected to the negative polarity terminal of battery, and the black negative polarity of charger connects the clip and is connected to the positive polarity terminal of battery, perhaps, the polarity of connection of battery is connect when turning over, and emitting diode can give out light in the opto-coupler U6, and output stage triode switches on in the opto-coupler U6, can make the level that U2-P55 detected be low level (the level that is close to ground); on the contrary, if the polarity of the storage battery is connected correctly and the reverse connection phenomenon does not exist, the level detected by the U2-P55 is high (+ 5V); the terminals U2-P50-U2-P52 and U2-P06 are not connected (denoted by NC); U2-P33, U2-P32, U2-P31, U2-P30, U2-P05, U2-P13, U2-P26, U2-P27, U2-P12, U2-P11, U2-P20, U2-P21 and U2-P22 are respectively connected to LCDs-1 to LCD-13 of the liquid crystal display; the thermistor NTC1 is closely attached to the surface of the aluminum radiator of the D1 rectifier diode in the figure 4, the thermistor NTC1 is used for detecting the temperature of the aluminum radiator, if an overheating phenomenon occurs, the phenomenon can be detected through the P02 of the U2 microprocessor, and a microprocessor control system sends an instruction to reduce the current to 2A so as to reduce the current for charging, thereby realizing the overheating protection.

The utility model discloses charger is equipped with on operating panel: 1) and a liquid crystal display screen. 2) A mode selection button (i.e., SW1 in fig. 5). The appropriate mode can be selected by the mode button SW1 to charge a 12V or 24V battery at different currents for different types and capacities of batteries under different weather conditions (normal weather and cold climate). Because the corresponding symbol is used as the state guide, the operator can easily operate and recognize the state guide. In the control circuit, these state and mode controls are implemented by a microprocessor control system. As shown in fig. 5. The level state control signal of the mode select button SW1 is input to the P41 terminal of the microprocessor CPU chip U2 (MC 96F6332 ADBN), i.e., U2-P41. Under the control of the program, the microprocessor can know whether the SW1 button is pressed through software scanning, and can perform corresponding control according to the operation condition of the SW1 after the SW1 button is pressed for several times.

Referring to fig. 5, in the charger control circuit of the present invention, the overheat protection circuit is composed of a thermistor NTC1, a resistor R214, and a U2 microprocessor control circuit. The thermistor NTC1 is mounted against the aluminum heat sink surface of D1 in fig. 4. When the temperature of the aluminum radiator of the D1 is increased, the resistance value of the thermistor is changed. The voltage value of the voltage dividing circuit consisting of the thermistor NTC1 and the resistor R214 changes at the NTC 1. When the set detection value is exceeded, the U2 microprocessor can detect the overheating phenomenon through the P02 port. Then, the U2 microprocessor control system will reduce the output current to a small current of 2A, i.e. the output of the PWM chip U1 (LD 7750 RGR) is controlled by the photocoupler U4, so that the charger outputs a charging current of 2A. This limits the temperature of the charger's D1 heat sink, preventing burning out of D1. Only when the temperature drops, the change of the thermistor can recover the charging current. This is its automatic overheat protection function.

See fig. 3, 4 and 5. Whether the 12V storage battery is charged or the 24V storage battery is charged, if the charging state is normal, the microprocessor CPU chip U2 (MC 96F6332 ADBN) system and the U1 (LD 7750 RGR) circuit part can carry out corresponding charging control through a voltage feedback detection signal, a current feedback signal detected by RS1 and an operation mode selection condition. For example, eight-section control modes are realized, including automatic storage battery identification, pulse charging, soft start charging, quick charging, deep charging, constant voltage charging, floating charging and maintenance charging; the functions of overheat, short circuit and reverse battery polarity protection are realized.

Connect the reverse or wrong transposition state to battery polarity, work as promptly the utility model discloses the positive of the clip connection battery of charger, negative polarity appear connecing when the reverse phenomenon, the output positive polarity of charger is connected to the negative pole of battery promptly, and when the output negative polarity of charger is connected to the positive pole of battery, control system can test this kind of condition, and at this moment, control system can make Q202 be in by or the non-conducting state to stop charging, this is exactly the utility model discloses the automatic basic operating principle who realizes the transposition protection of charger.

For 12V battery charging, when the detected battery voltage (denoted by U) is 7.5V ≦ U <11.1V, or, for 24V battery charging, when the detected battery voltage (denoted by U) is 15.5V ≦ U <22.1V, the control system may determine that the battery connected to the charger has been over-discharged, requiring pulse repair. At this moment, control system can make Q202 be in the clearance control state of switching on, closing to realize pulse charging, it is this the utility model discloses the pulse of charger charges or the basic operating principle of pulse repair function.

If the charger of the present invention is connected to a 12V battery, then 24V charging is not optional when the mode button SW1 is operated. Similarly, if a 24V battery is connected, the mode for charging the 12V battery is not selectable by operating the mode button SW 1.

If the voltage at the two ends of the storage battery is detected to be zero, namely the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the charger are in short circuit connection, at the moment, a control system of the charger detects that the feedback voltage is close to 0V (the actual selection threshold value is 0.5V, namely 0.5V and below is judged to be output short circuit). The charger automatically protects the battery without charging operation, and displays a symbol of 'no connection or short circuit output of the battery'. This is that the utility model discloses the charger realizes short-circuit protection's basic theory of operation automatically.

The above is the utility model discloses charger circuit and theory of operation's simple process description. Of course, where not illustrated, can also be read and understood from the schematic diagrams of the circuits. Since the schematic of the circuit is also a silent language from which many other aspects of understanding can be gained. Only the person looking at the figure needs to have expertise and a basis in the circuitry.

In addition, in the design and manufacture of the circuit board, the utility model discloses advanced technology has also been adopted. On the circuit board, besides some large-sized plug-in components (such as the switching power transformer B, Q1 fet and its heat sink, the D1 rectifier diode and its heat sink, the C1-C6 electrolytic capacitor, the LF 1-filter common mode inductor LF3, etc.), there are also a large number of patch elements, such as patch resistors, capacitors, diodes, triodes, etc. When the charger circuit board is produced, besides a small number of large-size devices need to be assembled and welded manually, a large number of other electronic components on the circuit board are automatically installed and welded by adopting a high-efficiency chip mounter, a high-efficiency plug-in machine and a high-efficiency welding machine. Because the number of the manually assembled devices and the operation time for welding the devices are less, the production efficiency of the circuit board and even the whole charger is higher, the error rate is low, the manufacturing quality is higher, the one-time qualification rate is high during the production of the product, and the manufacturing cost is low. However, general charger manufacturers are not able to produce circuit boards by using a large number of SMT chip devices due to weak strength and small production quantity of products, and are also difficult to realize automatic or large-scale production. The production method mainly depends on manual insertion, assembly and welding, so that the production efficiency of products is low, and the technological level is relatively lagged. It can be seen that the utility model discloses the design and the processing mode of circuit board have also played good effect for reducing manufacturing cost.

The utility model discloses charger, its inside single control plate structure that adopts. And a shell, a power supply wire, a charger control output wire with a clamp and the like are additionally arranged. The product production mainly solves the problems of processing and debugging of the circuit board. The final assembly of the product is simpler.

To sum up, the utility model discloses the output voltage and electric current, the battery polarity of charger connect protection such as reverse protection, overheat protection, short-circuit protection, battery type connect the mistake and all receive the utility model discloses circuit control. These controls are important prerequisites for ensuring stable operation of the charger.

It is thus clear that good circuit and structural design are the utility model discloses an advantage place also is the important guarantee that satisfies high efficiency and low-cost production, high reliability, technical advancement. The present invention is directed to protecting the circuit principle, structure and circuit board layout design of such a charger.

The utility model discloses not only adopted advanced switching power supply control technique, but also adopted advanced processing technology and technology to produce the circuit board. The charger has the advantages of reasonable structure, small volume, light weight, low cost, high production efficiency, advanced manufacturing technology and the like.

The above description is a detailed description of the present invention with reference to specific charger circuits, structures, circuit boards and control functions, and it should not be understood that the present invention is limited to these specific embodiments. It is right technical field's other technical personnel, do not deviate from the utility model discloses under the prerequisite of circuit and structural design, can also make a plurality of simple deductions and replacement, these all should regard as belonging to the utility model discloses the scope of protection.

Claims

1. A microprocessor controlled battery charger, comprising: the charger comprises an upper plastic shell cover, a lower plastic shell cover, a main charger control panel assembly, a power supply line, a plug and two storage battery cell clamps, wherein an output cable transfer line plug and an output cable transfer line socket are respectively arranged between connecting lines of the two storage battery cell clamps; the plastic shell upper cover is fixed on the plastic shell lower cover through screws; the charger main control panel assembly, the power supply line and the plug, and the red positive storage battery clamp and the black negative storage battery clamp are connected with each other in a corresponding circuit through wires; the power supply line and the plug thereof are fixed at the corresponding clamping groove part of the shell through the line fixing device; the connecting wires of the two storage battery cell clips are fixed at the corresponding clamping groove parts of the shell through the wire fixing devices; the charger main control panel assembly is provided with a control circuit, and the control circuit comprises an input filter rectifying circuit, a switching power supply circuit I, a switching power supply circuit II and a microprocessor control circuit.

2. A microprocessor controlled battery charger as recited in claim 1, wherein: the input filter rectifying circuit comprises a first-stage input filter circuit consisting of a filter common-mode inductor, a capacitor CX1, a resistor R101 and a resistor R102; the second-stage input filter circuit consists of a filter common-mode inductor LF2 and a capacitor CX 2; a third-stage input filter circuit consisting of a filter common-mode inductor LF3, filter capacitors CY 1-CY 6, a rectifier DB1 and an output filter electrolytic capacitor thereof, wherein the input filter rectifier circuit is connected in series in an input power supply loop through a fuse F1; two windings of the filtering common-mode inductor LF1 are connected in series in two input power cable loops; the capacitor CX1 is connected in parallel at two output ends of the filtering common-mode inductor LF1, and the resistor R101 and the resistor R102 are connected in series and then connected in parallel at two ends of the capacitor CX 1; the post-stage circuit of the circuit has two parts, namely, two windings of a filtering common-mode inductor LF2 are connected in series in a first-stage input filtering circuit, and a capacitor CX2 is connected in parallel at two output ends of the filtering common-mode inductor LF 2; the filter capacitor CY4 and the filter capacitor CY5 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the two winding input ends of the filter common-mode inductor LF2, and the filter capacitor CY3 and the filter capacitor CY6 which are connected in series are connected between the middle node of the filter capacitor CY4 and the filter capacitor CY5 which are connected in series and the ground of the power supply; the two winding input ends of the filter common mode inductor LF3 are connected in parallel at the two ends of the capacitor CX2, and the output end is connected to the two ac input ends of the rectifier DB 1; the output of the rectifier DB1 is a stable direct-current high-voltage obtained after filtering through the electrolytic capacitor C1, the other end of the output of the rectifier DB1 is the ground end of the circuit, and a filter capacitor CY1 and a filter capacitor CY2 are connected between the ground end and the ground of the power supply.

3. A microprocessor controlled battery charger as recited in claim 1, wherein: the switch power supply circuit comprises a switch power supply control chip U1, an optical coupler U4, an MOS tube Q1, windings of N1 and N3 of a switch power supply transformer B, a diode, a resistor and a capacitor; a resistor R114 is connected between the pin 1 of the switching power supply control chip U1 and the ground; a capacitor C104 and an output stage triode in an optocoupler U4 are connected between a pin 2 of the switching power supply control chip U1 and the ground, namely, a collector of the triode is connected with a pin 2 of the U1, and an emitter of the triode is grounded; a capacitor C103 is connected between the 3 pins of the switching power supply control chip U1 and the ground; a pin 3 of the switching power supply control chip U1 is connected with a resistor R113, and the other end of the resistor R113 is connected with a resistor R112, a resistor R108 and the drain electrode S end of the MOS transistor Q1; the other end of the resistor R108 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R112 is connected with the anode of the diode D103, the resistor R110 and the grid G end of the MOS transistor Q1, and the cathode of the diode D103 and the resistor R110 are connected with the 5-pin output end of the switching power supply control chip U1; a capacitor C102 is connected in parallel between the source D end and the drain S end of the MOS transistor Q1, and the source D end of the MOS transistor Q1 is also connected with the anode of a diode D101 and one end of a primary N1 of the switching power supply transformer B; the cathode of the diode D101 is connected with the resistor R103, the resistor R104, the resistor R105 and the capacitor C7, and the other ends of the resistor R103, the resistor R104, the resistor R105 and the capacitor C7 are connected with the other end of the primary N1 of the switching power supply transformer B and a direct-current high-voltage end; the pin 8 of the switching power supply control chip U1 is connected with a resistor R107 and a resistor R106 which are connected in series, and the other ends of the resistor R107 and the resistor R106 which are connected in series are connected to a direct-current high-voltage end; the 6 th pin of the switching power supply control chip U1 is connected with the positive pole end of the electrolytic capacitor C2 and the cathode of the diode D102, the anode of the diode D102 is connected with one end of the N3 winding of the switching power supply transformer B, and the other end of the N3 winding is grounded.

4. A microprocessor controlled battery charger as recited in claim 1, wherein: the second part of the switching power supply circuit consists of N2 and N4 windings of a switching power supply transformer B, a high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1, a field effect transistor Q202, an NPN triode Q203 and an NPN triode Q204, a voltage stabilizer U3, a dual operational amplifier U5, an optocoupler U4, a voltage stabilizer DZ1 and a voltage stabilizer DZ2, an output filter inductor L1, a plurality of diodes, a plurality of resistors, a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of electrolytic capacitors; a current divider or a detection resistor RS1 for outputting current detection, wherein the output end of the charger is respectively connected with two corresponding red and black storage battery cell clamps; the voltage stabilizer U3 enables the voltage stabilizer U3 to output +5V voltage through setting the resistor R247 and the resistor R248, the +5V voltage is supplied to a corresponding circuit to be used as a working power supply, and the +5V voltage is filtered by the electrolytic capacitor C5 and the capacitor C213; one end of an N2 winding of the switching power supply transformer B is grounded, the other end of the N2 winding is connected with a microprocessor control circuit, meanwhile, the other end of the N2 winding is also connected with a resistor R225 and the other end of an anode resistor R225 of a high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1 is connected with a capacitor C212, and the other end of the capacitor C212 is connected with the cathode of a diode D1; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the resistor R45 and the output voltage rectified by the high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1, and the other end of the resistor R45 is connected with the anode of the diode D203; the output voltage rectified by the high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1 is between the ground, and is connected with an electrolytic capacitor C4, an electrolytic capacitor C6, a resistor R227, a resistor R228, a resistor R229 and a resistor R230 in parallel; the output voltage rectified by the high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1 is also connected with a resistor R01 and a resistor R02 which are connected in parallel, the other ends of the resistor R01 and the resistor R02 are connected with the cathode of a voltage regulator tube DZ1, the resistor R233 and the S end of a field effect tube Q202, the anode of the voltage regulator tube DZ1 and the other end of the resistor R233 are connected with the grid or control electrode G end of the field effect tube Q202, the grid or control electrode G end is also connected with a resistor R231, the other end of the resistor R231 is connected with the collector of an NPN type triode Q203, the emitter of the NPN type triode Q203 is grounded, the base of the NPN type triode Q203 is connected with the resistor R244, and the other end of the resistor R244 is connected with the P40 end of; the D and S ends of the field effect transistor Q202 are connected in parallel with a diode, and the anode of the diode is connected with the D end of the field effect transistor Q202 to play a role in protecting the field effect transistor Q202; the D end of the field effect transistor Q202 is connected with one end of a winding of the capacitor C214 and the output filter inductor L1, and the other end of the winding is connected with the output positive polarity clamp connection end; the capacitor C214 is connected with one end of the other winding of the output filter inductor L1, the shunt or detection resistor RS1 for detecting the output current and the capacitor C205, the shunt or detection resistor RS1 for detecting the output current and the other end of the capacitor C205 are grounded, the other end of the other winding of the output filter inductor L1 is connected to the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery, and the voltage obtained by the shunt or detection resistor RS1 for detecting the output current is the current output detection signal Ufi; one end of an N4 winding of the switching power supply transformer B is grounded, the other end of the N4 winding is connected with the anode of a diode D202, the cathode of the diode D202 is connected with the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C3, the cathode of a diode D203, a resistor R249, the collector of an NPN triode Q204 and the input end of a voltage stabilizer U3, the other end of the electrolytic capacitor C3 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R249 is connected with the base of the NPN triode Q204 and the cathode of a voltage regulator DZ2, the anode of the voltage regulator DZ2 is grounded, the emitter of the NPN triode Q204 is connected with the anode of the electrolytic capacitor C32, the capacitor C211 and the power supply end of a double operational amplifier U5, and the other ends of the electrolytic; a power supply end of the double operational amplifier U5 is connected with a resistor R201, the other end of the resistor R201 is connected with a resistor R202 and an anode of a light emitting diode in the optocoupler U4, the other end of the resistor R202 is connected with a cathode of the light emitting diode, the cathode of the light emitting diode is connected with a resistor R203 and an anode of a diode D201, the other end of the resistor R203 is connected with an output end of a first operational amplifier in the double operational amplifier U5, and the cathode of the diode D201 is connected with an output end of a second operational amplifier in the double operational amplifier U5; the first operational amplifier in the double operational amplifier U5 and the resistor and the capacitor at the periphery of the first operational amplifier form an output voltage feedback control circuit; a resistor-capacitor series circuit of a resistor R206 and a capacitor C201 is connected in parallel between the inverting input end and the output end of the first operational amplifier in the double operational amplifier U5, the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with a resistor R203, and the resistor R203 is used for controlling a light emitting diode in the optocoupler U4; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with a resistor R205 and a resistor R207, the other end of the resistor R207 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R205 is connected with the output voltage rectified by a high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with a capacitor C202, a resistor R204 and a resistor R217, the other end of the capacitor C202 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R204 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R217 is connected with the capacitor C207 and a resistor R218, the other end of the capacitor C207 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R218 is connected to the P53 end of a microprocessor CPU chip U2 in; the second operational amplifier in the double operational amplifier U5 and the peripheral resistor and capacitor form an output current feedback control circuit, a resistor-capacitor series circuit of the resistor R209 and the capacitor C204 is connected in parallel between the inverting input end and the output end of the second operational amplifier in the double operational amplifier U5, the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the cathode of the diode D201, and the diode D201 controls the light emitting diode in the optocoupler U4; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with a resistor R212, the other end of the resistor R212 is connected with a current output detection signal Ufi, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with a capacitor C203, a resistor R208, a resistor R210 and a resistor R215, the other ends of the capacitor C203 and the resistor R208 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R210 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R215 is connected with a capacitor C206 and a resistor R216, the other end of the capacitor C206 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R216 is connected to a P03 end of a microprocessor CPU chip U2 in the microprocessor control circuit.

5. A microprocessor controlled battery charger as recited in claim 1, wherein: the microprocessor control circuit consists of a microprocessor CPU chip U2, a program programming interface SXK, a liquid crystal display background light source lamp, an optocoupler U6, a charger mode selection button SW1, an NPN type triode Q205, diodes D204 and D205, a thermistor NTC1, a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of resistors; the program programming interface SXK is used for controlling programming of programs; the P10 end of the microprocessor CPU chip U2 is connected with a resistor J7, the other end of the resistor J7 is connected with a capacitor C209, a resistor R220 and a resistor R221, and the other ends of the capacitor C209 and the resistor R221 are grounded; the other end of the resistor R220 is connected to the output positive polarity clip connection end; the P07 end of a microprocessor CPU chip U2 is connected with a resistor R222 and a resistor R224, the other end of the resistor R224 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R222 is connected with a capacitor C210 and the cathode of a diode D204, the other end of the capacitor C210 is grounded, the anode of the diode D204 is connected with a resistor R223, and the other end of the resistor R223 is connected with the anode of a high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1 or the output end of a secondary winding N2 of a switching power supply transformer; the P04 end of the microprocessor CPU chip U2 is connected with a resistor R213 and a resistor C208, the other end of the resistor C208 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R213 is connected with a current output detection signal Ufi; the P02 end of the microprocessor CPU chip U2 is connected with the resistor R214 and the thermistor NTC1, the other end of the thermistor NTC1 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R214 is connected with +5V voltage; the P42 end of the microprocessor CPU chip U2 is connected with a resistor R219, the other end of the resistor R219 is connected with a liquid crystal display background light source lamp, and the other end of the lamp is connected with +5V voltage; the P41 end of the microprocessor CPU chip U2 is connected with a charger mode selection button SW1, and the other end of the charger mode selection button SW1 is grounded; the P54 end of the microprocessor CPU chip U2 is connected with a resistor R245, the other end of the resistor R245 is connected with the base electrode of an NPN type triode Q205, the emitting electrode of the NPN type triode Q205 is grounded, the collecting electrode of the NPN type triode Q205 is connected with a resistor R236, and the other end of the resistor R236 is connected with the output voltage rectified by a high-power fast recovery rectifier diode D1; the P55 end of the microprocessor CPU chip U2 is connected with a resistor R235 and the collector of an output stage triode in an optocoupler U6, the emitter of the triode is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R235 is connected with +5V voltage; the cathode of the light emitting diode in the optocoupler U6 is connected with the anode of the diode D205, the cathode of the diode D205 is connected with the output positive polarity clamp connection end, the anode of the light emitting diode in the optocoupler U6 is connected with the resistor R234, and the other end of the resistor R234 is grounded.