CN212033245U - Feed structure - Google Patents
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- CN212033245U CN212033245U CN202021130481.5U CN202021130481U CN212033245U CN 212033245 U CN212033245 U CN 212033245U CN 202021130481 U CN202021130481 U CN 202021130481U CN 212033245 U CN212033245 U CN 212033245U
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Abstract
A feed structure comprises 2N first transmission lines, a first waveguide port and 2N second waveguide ports, wherein the first waveguide port and the second waveguide port are transmission lines comprising an input end and an output end; one end of each of the 2N first transmission lines is connected with one end of the first waveguide port, and the other end of each of the 2N first transmission lines is connected with one end of each of the 2N second waveguide ports; when an input signal is input from the first waveguide port, the first waveguide port is used for respectively feeding the input signal into the 2N first transmission lines after power distribution, and when the input signal is input from the second waveguide port, the first waveguide port is used for power synthesis and output of signals output by the 2N first transmission lines. The utility model discloses utilize a first waveguide mouth to give the feed of 2N first transmission line, both realized the conversion between different transmission lines, realized power distribution or power synthesis's effect again, have low-loss, application scope extensively, simple structure and the characteristics of system with low costs.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of communication, a feed structure is related to, can be arranged in moving the looks ware and utilize a waveguide mouth to feed for 2 positive integer multiple transmission lines.
Background
With the rapid development of communication technology, communication devices are developing toward miniaturization and integration. The phase shifter is used as a core component of the phased array unit and plays a crucial role in the performance of the whole array. The liquid crystal phase shifter has the advantages of low loss and easy miniaturization, and can be widely used for phased arrays of beam forming and beam control.
A conventional feeding scheme for a liquid crystal phase shifter generally employs an input port to feed power to one end of a transmission line, and the other end of the transmission line is connected to an output port to implement port connection of the liquid crystal phase shifter, as shown in fig. 1. Taking a liquid crystal phase shifter for a 2-unit antenna for feeding as an example, as shown in fig. 10, the liquid crystal phase shifter adopts a differential transmission line structure, and includes two differential transmission lines, i.e., a differential transmission line 1 and a differential transmission line 2, when the antenna unit is in a transmitting state, a radio frequency signal is distributed to a feed 1 waveguide port and a feed 2 waveguide port through a one-to-two power divider, then respectively passes through the differential transmission line 1 and the differential transmission line 2, and then respectively reaches the antenna unit 1 and the antenna unit 2 through an output waveguide port 1 and an output waveguide port 2, and independent phase shifting of the antenna unit 1 and the antenna unit 2 is realized by independently controlling direct current voltages around the differential transmission line 1 and the differential transmission line 2. It can be seen that two input waveguide ports and two output waveguide ports are required for 2 differential transmission lines, and an additional power divider is required to perform power division on signals and then input the signals to the two input waveguide ports respectively.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Can only give the weak point of a transmission line feed to a waveguide mouth in the above-mentioned traditional feed scheme, the utility model provides a feed structure utilizes a waveguide mouth to give the transmission line feed of 2 positive integer times number, just the utility model provides a feed structure has not only realized the feed to the transmission line, plays power divider or power combiner's effect simultaneously, compares in the feed structure that a traditional waveguide mouth presented a transmission line, has saved the number of waveguide mouth, has reduced the loss of exclusive use merit divider or combiner, has both had simple structure's characteristics, has also solved the not enough problem in feed structure space under certain high frequency condition.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that:
a feed structure comprises 2N first transmission lines, a first waveguide port and 2N second waveguide ports, wherein N is a positive integer, and the first waveguide port and the second waveguide port are transmission lines comprising an input end and an output end; one end of each of the 2N first transmission lines is connected with one end of the first waveguide port, and the other end of each of the 2N first transmission lines is connected with one end of each of the 2N second waveguide ports;
when one end of the 2N first transmission lines is connected to the output end of the first waveguide port, and the other end of the 2N first transmission lines is connected to the input end of the 2N second waveguide ports, respectively, the input signal of the feeding structure is input from the input end of the first waveguide port, and is respectively fed into the 2N first transmission lines after power distribution is performed through the first waveguide port, and the signals transmitted by the 2N first transmission lines are output from the output ends of the 2N second waveguide ports, respectively;
when one end of the 2N first transmission lines is connected to the input end of the first waveguide port, and the other end of the 2N first transmission lines is connected to the output end of the 2N second waveguide ports, the input signal of the feed structure is input into the 2N first transmission lines from the input end of the 2N second waveguide ports, respectively, and the signal output by the 2N first transmission lines is output from the output end of the first waveguide port after power synthesis is performed in the first waveguide port.
Specifically, the first waveguide port is a rectangular waveguide or a ridge waveguide, and the second waveguide port is a rectangular waveguide or a ridge waveguide.
Specifically, the waveguide used in the first waveguide port and/or the second waveguide port is filled with a medium.
Specifically, the first transmission line is a transmission line in a phase shifter, the phase shifter comprises two glass layers and a filling layer arranged between the two glass layers, a tunable material capable of changing dielectric constant is filled in the filling layer, and the tunable material comprises a liquid crystal material; the first transmission line is arranged on the surface of the glass layer and is positioned in the filling layer.
Specifically, the first transmission line is a differential transmission line or a single transmission line.
Specifically, the two differential transmission lines of the first transmission line are zigzag, and the zigzag portions are overlapped.
Specifically, the junction of the first transmission line and the first waveguide port and the junction of the second waveguide port of the differential transmission line structure is a transmission line with a matching functional shape, the transmission line at the junction of the two differential transmission lines of the first transmission line and the first waveguide port is in mirror symmetry, and the transmission line at the junction of the two differential transmission lines of the first transmission line and the second waveguide port is in mirror symmetry.
Specifically, the phase shifter with the differential transmission line structure for the first transmission line is further provided with a short-circuit matching waveguide which is matched with the first waveguide port and the second waveguide port respectively.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses utilize a first waveguide mouth to connect with 2N first transmission lines and carry out the feed, first waveguide mouth not only can realize the conversion between different transmission lines and also has the effect of power distribution or power synthesis, compare with traditional feed method, the utility model discloses both reduced the loss of independent merit divider or combiner, also reduced the complexity of transform structure, reduced system cost; the utility model discloses application scope is wide, both has been applicable to the liquid crystal and moves the looks ware, also is applicable to the looks ware that fills other tunable materials that can change dielectric permittivity, and first transmission line both can adopt differential transmission line structure, also can adopt the list transmission line, perhaps have other transmission line structures of transmission line function.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional structure in which a waveguide port feeds a transmission line.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the feeding structure according to the present invention, in an embodiment, feeding two first transmission lines through one first waveguide port.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a first waveguide port is used to feed four first transmission lines.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the feeding structure according to the present invention, in an embodiment, feeding six first transmission lines through one first waveguide port.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding structure provided by the present invention, which adopts a ridge waveguide in an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed structure provided by the present invention, in an embodiment, using a dielectric waveguide.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a passive phased array transmit state operational framework.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure when the liquid crystal phase shifter includes a single differential transmission line.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single differential transmission line in a liquid crystal phase shifter.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of feeding a pair of differential transmission lines with one waveguide port in a conventional feeding scheme.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of feeding two pairs of differential transmission lines using one waveguide port by using the feeding structure of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a differential transmission line that can be applied to the feed structure of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another differential transmission line that can be applied to the feed structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 8, the upper and lower layers of the phase shifter are glass layers, and a metal transmission line, i.e. a first transmission line, is disposed inside the glass layer, and the first transmission line of a differential structure of the liquid crystal phase shifter shown in fig. 8 is used as an example in the embodiment. Two branches 1-A and 1-B of a first transmission line of the differential transmission line structure are respectively positioned on the inner surfaces of the upper glass layer and the lower glass layer, and the dielectric constant of a liquid crystal material is changed by applying direct current voltage (generally 0V-30V) to two ends of a liquid crystal area close to the glass layers, so that the purpose of changing the phase is achieved by changing the electrical length of the transmission line (the electrical length is the ratio of the physical length of the transmission line to the wavelength). The tunable material capable of changing dielectric constant is filled between the two differential transmission lines, and this embodiment is described by taking a liquid crystal material as an example, when the liquid crystal material is used for filling, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material can be changed by adjusting the voltage of the liquid crystal material, so as to achieve the effect of changing the phase of the transmission lines. It should be noted that the feeding method of the present invention is not limited to the specific transmission line structure and the specific filling material in the embodiment, and the liquid crystal material and the type of the transmission line in the embodiment do not specifically limit the present invention, for example, the structure shown in fig. 12 is a specific schematic diagram of the differential transmission line that can be applied to the present invention, and both ends of the differential transmission line are in the shape of a barb.
When the first transmission line adopts the differential transmission line, the electric signals with equal transmission amplitude and opposite phases are transmitted on the two signal lines of the differential transmission line, when the signals are transmitted in the pair of differential transmission lines, fields generated by noise between the two lines are mutually offset, compared with a single-ended transmission line, the differential transmission line can be used for reducing external noise, the scheme of the utility model is explained by taking the differential coupling transmission line in the liquid crystal phase shifter as an embodiment of the first transmission line, and in the specific embodiment, only the waveguide and the transmission line when the transmission line is viewed from the top are given for the purpose of intensively describing the difference of the scheme.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the 2 differential transmission lines are fed by coupling using a first waveguide port, i.e. the sum waveguide port in the figure, and a second waveguide port, i.e. the sub-waveguide port in the figure. The feed structure simultaneously functions as a one-to-two power divider in the transmitting system, and similarly, the feed structure is equivalent to a two-to-one combiner in the receiving system. Therefore, the utility model discloses utilize first waveguide mouth both to realize the effect of feed, realized power distribution or power synthesis's effect again. Compared with a traditional differential transmission line structure fed by a single waveguide, the feed structure in the embodiment omits a one-to-two power divider (or a two-in-one combiner) and a waveguide port, reduces the feed network loss, and reduces the system cost.
The second embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment utilizes a first waveguide port to perform coupled feeding on 4 differential transmission lines, and the feeding structure simultaneously functions as a one-to-four power divider or a four-to-one combiner. Compared with a traditional differential transmission line structure fed by a single waveguide, the feed structure in the embodiment omits a one-to-four power divider (or a four-in-one combiner) and three waveguide ports, and the one-to-four power divider is generally cascaded by two stages of one-to-two power dividers, so that compared with the first embodiment, the feed network loss of the first-stage one-to-two power divider is reduced, and the system cost is further reduced.
The third concrete embodiment:
as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, a first waveguide port is used to perform coupled feeding on 6 differential transmission lines, and the feeding structure simultaneously functions as a one-to-six power divider or a six-to-one combiner. Compared with the traditional differential transmission line structure fed by a single waveguide, the feed structure in the embodiment omits a one-to-six power divider (or a six-in-one combiner) and five waveguide ports, reduces the feed network loss of the one-to-three power divider and further reduces the system cost.
Similarly, the present invention provides a feeding structure capable of feeding other positive integers of 2 by the number of transmission lines by using one first waveguide port, which will not be described in detail herein.
The fourth concrete embodiment:
the first waveguide port and the second waveguide port are transmission lines including an input end and an output end, and specifically, a rectangular waveguide or the like may be used. However, in some specific scenarios of high-frequency use, the rectangular waveguide has a larger size, so the first waveguide port and/or the second waveguide port may also use a ridge waveguide, as shown in fig. 5, and the second waveguide port, i.e. the sub-waveguide port, uses a ridge waveguide. Fourth embodiment is to explain the method based on the first embodiment, and the same method can be used in the second embodiment or the third embodiment without limiting the scope of the method.
The fifth concrete embodiment:
optionally, in some scenarios, the air waveguide has a larger size, and the size of the waveguide needs to be reduced by filling a medium to meet the transmission requirement, so that the first waveguide port and/or the second waveguide port may also adopt a medium-filled waveguide structure, as shown in fig. 6, and the second waveguide port is filled with a medium. Fifth embodiment describes the method based on the first embodiment, but the method may be used in the second embodiment, the third embodiment, or the fourth embodiment without limiting the scope of the method.
The sixth specific embodiment:
in this embodiment, as shown in the coupling branch of fig. 9, the two differential transmission lines 1-a and 1-B of the first transmission line may be zigzag, and the zigzag portions of the two corresponding differential transmission lines 1-a and 1-B are overlapped to improve the effect of the liquid crystal phase shift. Similarly, in comparison with the structure of fig. 12, fig. 13 also improves the liquid crystal phase shift by partially overlapping the two differential transmission lines of the first transmission line in a zigzag manner. Sixth embodiment describes the method based on the first embodiment, but the method may be used in the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, or the fifth embodiment without limiting the scope of the method.
The seventh specific embodiment:
for the first transmission line adopting the differential structure, in order to improve the matching at the transmission line conversion interface, the connection part of the first transmission line and the first waveguide port and the second waveguide port may adopt a stepped transmission line structure, or other shape structures with a matching function, for example, the matching end of fig. 12 and 13 adopts a barb-shaped transmission line structure. In order to maintain the symmetry of the differential signal, the matching structure should be mirror symmetric, as shown in fig. 9. In the traditional differential line feed structure, a rectangular waveguide is added at a matching branch, so that a waveguide port feeds a pair of differential transmission lines. The method is described based on the first embodiment, but the method may be used in the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment or the sixth embodiment without limitation to the scope of the method.
The working process of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific application examples, so as to apply the feed structure provided by the present invention to the phased array antenna system as an example, in the application of the phased array antenna system, whether the active phased array or the passive phased array all hopes that each antenna unit can realize the individual phase control, and then the beam scanning is realized by changing the phase of the antenna unit. Here take passive phased array transmission state as an example to introduce its theory of operation, the same reason the utility model discloses in the passive phased array reception state and the active phased array system of being applicable to equally. Fig. 7 shows a working diagram of a passive phased array transmission state, in which a transmitter transmits a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is amplified by a PA (power amplifier), power is distributed to each branch by a power divider, and then the power is fed to an antenna unit by a phase shifter, and the antenna unit individually shifts the phase by the respective phase shifter to realize beam scanning of the antenna. Similarly, when the passive phased array is in a receiving state, the antenna unit shown in fig. 7 receives signals, and the power divider is replaced by a combiner.
The feeding method and the traditional feeding method provided by the utility model are used to feed 2 antenna units in the liquid crystal phase shifter under the assumption that the system is in the transmitting state.
As shown in fig. 10, in the conventional feeding method, a radio frequency signal passes through a power divider with two power dividers to be distributed to a feed 1 waveguide port and a feed 2 waveguide port, then respectively passes through a differential transmission line 1 and a differential transmission line 2, and then respectively reaches an antenna unit 1 and an antenna unit 2 through an output waveguide port 1 and an output waveguide port 2, and independent phase shifting of the antenna unit 1 and the antenna unit 2 is realized by independently controlling direct current voltages around the differential transmission line 1 and the differential transmission line 2.
And the utility model provides a feed structure utilizes a first waveguide mouth to feed for two pairs of differential transmission lines, as shown in fig. 11, radio frequency signal has realized the dual function (same, what the system realized when being in the receiving state was the dual function of waveguide to differential transmission line conversion and combiner to the dual function of differential transmission line conversion and one minute two merit through first waveguide mouth), first waveguide mouth distributes radio frequency signal to two first transmission lines and differential transmission line 1 and differential transmission line 2 promptly, the subdividing respectively through two second waveguide mouths output waveguide mouth 1 promptly and output waveguide mouth 2 reachs antenna element 1 and antenna element 2, direct current voltage realizes antenna element 1 and antenna element 2's independent phase shift through controlling two first transmission lines on every side. It can be seen that compare in the traditional feed scheme that fig. 10 shows, the utility model discloses realized the dual function that the ware was divided to differential transmission line conversion and one minute two merit with a waveguide mouth, on the one hand reduced the loss that the ware was divided to single minute two merits to the system link, feed simple structure simultaneously, it is with low costs. The single-feed structure is particularly suitable for the problem of insufficient space of a single feed structure in certain high-frequency environments.
The eighth embodiment:
in order to realize the impedance matching between the waveguide and the conversion of the differential transmission line, a short-circuit matching waveguide can be added at the other end of the feed port, and the short-circuit matching waveguide has the function of improving the transmission efficiency. As shown in fig. 11, the other end of the first waveguide port (i.e., the feed waveguide port) is provided with a feed short-circuit matching waveguide port, and the other ends of the two second waveguide ports (i.e., the output waveguide port 1 and the output waveguide port 2) are respectively provided with an output port 1 short-circuit matching waveguide port and an output port 2 short-circuit matching waveguide port.
To sum up, the utility model provides a feed structure utilizes a first waveguide mouth to be connected with 2N first transmission lines, has both realized giving 2N first transmission line feed with a waveguide mouth, realizes the conversion between different transmission lines, has realized power distribution or power synthesis's effect again, compares in traditional feed method and utilizes a waveguide mouth to give the one end feed of a transmission line, not only can reduce the loss of doing all can the ware or combiner alone, can further reduce conversion structure's complexity and reduce system cost. The utility model provides a feed structure and feed method can be used for the liquid crystal phase shifter, or fill in other phase shifters that can change the tunable material of dielectric constant, and the first transmission line that is suitable for can adopt differential structure or promote other single transmission lines, and ordinary skilled person in the art can be according to the utility model discloses a various do not break away from are made to these technological inspiration the utility model discloses a various other concrete deformation of essence and combination, these deformation and combination still are in the utility model discloses an within the protection scope.
Claims (8)
1. A feed structure is characterized by comprising 2N first transmission lines, a first waveguide port and 2N second waveguide ports, wherein N is a positive integer, and the first waveguide port and the second waveguide port are transmission lines comprising an input end and an output end; one end of each of the 2N first transmission lines is connected with one end of the first waveguide port, and the other end of each of the 2N first transmission lines is connected with one end of each of the 2N second waveguide ports;
when one end of the 2N first transmission lines is connected to the output end of the first waveguide port, and the other end of the 2N first transmission lines is connected to the input end of the 2N second waveguide ports, respectively, the input signal of the feeding structure is input from the input end of the first waveguide port, and is respectively fed into the 2N first transmission lines after power distribution is performed through the first waveguide port, and the signals transmitted by the 2N first transmission lines are output from the output ends of the 2N second waveguide ports, respectively;
when one end of the 2N first transmission lines is connected to the input end of the first waveguide port, and the other end of the 2N first transmission lines is connected to the output end of the 2N second waveguide ports, the input signal of the feed structure is input into the 2N first transmission lines from the input end of the 2N second waveguide ports, respectively, and the signal output by the 2N first transmission lines is output from the output end of the first waveguide port after power synthesis is performed in the first waveguide port.
2. The feed structure of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide port is a rectangular waveguide or a ridge waveguide, and the second waveguide port is a rectangular waveguide or a ridge waveguide.
3. The feed structure according to claim 2, wherein a medium is filled in the waveguide employed in the first waveguide port and/or the second waveguide port.
4. The feed structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first transmission line is a transmission line in a phase shifter, the phase shifter comprising two glass layers and a filler layer disposed between the two glass layers, the filler layer being filled with a tunable material capable of changing a dielectric permittivity, the tunable material comprising a liquid crystal material; the first transmission line is arranged on the surface of the glass layer and is positioned in the filling layer.
5. The feed structure of claim 4, wherein the first transmission line is a differential transmission line or a single transmission line.
6. The feed structure of claim 5, wherein the two differential transmission lines of the first transmission line are saw-toothed, and the saw-teeth partially overlap.
7. The feed structure according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a transmission line having a matching functional shape is used at a junction of the first transmission line and the first waveguide port and the second waveguide port, and two differential transmission lines of the first transmission line are mirror-symmetrical to a transmission line at a junction of the first waveguide port and two differential transmission lines of the first transmission line are mirror-symmetrical to a transmission line at a junction of the second waveguide port.
8. The feed structure according to claim 7, wherein a short-circuit matching waveguide that matches the first waveguide port and the second waveguide port, respectively, is further provided in the phase shifter in which the first transmission line is a differential transmission line structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021130481.5U CN212033245U (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2020-06-18 | Feed structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021130481.5U CN212033245U (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2020-06-18 | Feed structure |
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| CN212033245U true CN212033245U (en) | 2020-11-27 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023155185A1 (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-08-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Phase shifter, antenna, and electronic device |
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2020
- 2020-06-18 CN CN202021130481.5U patent/CN212033245U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023155185A1 (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-08-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Phase shifter, antenna, and electronic device |
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