CN212003448U - Sound sensor, sound acquisition device and state monitoring system for fan - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sound sensor for fan, include: the electret microphone comprises an electret microphone, a protective shell, an aviation plug, a rain cover and a wind cover; the protective housing includes: an upper shell and a lower shell; the rain shield is buckled at the upper end of the upper shell; the electret microphone is arranged at the upper end of the lower shell; the upper end of the lower shell is detachably connected with the lower end of the upper shell so as to seal the electret microphone in a cavity formed by the rain-proof cover, the upper shell and the lower shell after connection; the electret microphone is provided with an aerial plug interface connected with the aerial plug; the lower end of the lower shell is provided with a socket matched with the aviation plug; the windshield is sleeved outside the upper shell. The utility model also discloses a sound collection system and state monitoring system for fan. The utility model discloses can improve the adaptability of acoustic sensor in the adverse circumstances of wind field.

Description

Sound sensor, sound acquisition device and state monitoring system for fan

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a sound collection field, concretely relates to a sound sensor for fan, still relate to a sound collection system for fan and a state monitoring system for fan that is used for the sound collection system of fan.

Background

The blade is a core component for capturing wind energy of the fan, and in a life cycle of 20 years, if faults cannot be identified and repaired in time, the aerodynamic appearance of the blade can be damaged, even major structural damage is caused, serious consequences such as blade overhaul, fracture replacement and even fan tower collapse are caused, not only can major economic loss be caused, but also serious production potential safety hazards can be brought. For this reason, various blade fault online monitoring technologies have appeared in the industry, in which a detection method based on acoustic analysis can detect micro-damage of various blades, allow the detection to be performed in an equipment operation state, have a large coverage area, can be performed remotely, and have very powerful functions.

In a detection system based on acoustic analysis, the sound signals of the blades are usually collected through a set of acoustic sensors placed on a tower, and the reliability and stability of the installation of the acoustic sensors can directly influence the quality of the collected sound signals, so that the monitoring effect of the fan blades can be directly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

An aspect of the utility model is to provide a sound sensor for fan can improve the adaptability of acoustic sensor in the adverse circumstances of wind field.

The utility model discloses another aspect provides a sound collection system for fan to improve the quality of the fan blade sound signal who gathers.

The utility model discloses another aspect provides a state monitoring system for fan to improve fan blade's monitoring effect.

Therefore, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:

an acoustic sensor for a wind turbine, comprising: the electret microphone comprises an electret microphone, a protective shell, an aviation plug, a rain cover and a wind cover; the protective housing includes: an upper shell and a lower shell;

the rain shield is buckled at the upper end of the upper shell; the electret microphone is arranged at the upper end of the lower shell; the upper end of the lower shell is detachably connected with the lower end of the upper shell so as to seal the electret microphone in a cavity formed by the rain-proof cover, the upper shell and the lower shell after connection; the electret microphone is provided with an aerial plug interface connected with the aerial plug; the lower end of the lower shell is provided with a socket matched with the aviation plug; the windshield is sleeved outside the upper shell.

Optionally, the lower end of the electret microphone has an outer lateral flange, the upper end of the lower shell has an inner lateral flange, the outer lateral flange and the inner lateral flange respectively have through holes matched with each other, and the electret microphone is mounted at the upper end of the lower shell through screws penetrating through the through holes.

Optionally, the socket is a threaded jaw arrangement.

Optionally, a sealing ring is provided between the upper housing and the lower housing.

Optionally, the rain cover is of a cone-like structure, stripe gaps are arranged at the top of the rain cover at equal intervals, and waterproof sound-transmitting membranes are laid on the stripe gaps.

Optionally, the windshield is a uniform porous structure of a spheroidal appearance.

Optionally, the outer surface of the upper shell is provided with a slip-proof structure to prevent the windshield from falling off.

Optionally, the upper end of the lower shell is connected with the lower end of the upper shell through a snap connection or a threaded structure.

Optionally, the surface of the protective shell is coated with an anticorrosive coating or anodized.

A sound collection device for a blower, the device comprising: the sound sensor and the mounting bracket are used for fixing the sound sensor on the tower barrel of the wind driven generator; the mounting bracket is an L-shaped bracket; a mounting hole is formed in the first end face of the L-shaped support and used for fixing the protective shell; and a fixing hole with a counter bore is arranged on the second end face of the L-shaped support and used for fixing the mounting support.

Optionally, a magnet is embedded in the counterbore.

Optionally, the sound collection device further comprises: and the bracket cover plate is arranged on the second end surface of the L-shaped bracket.

A condition monitoring system for a wind turbine, the system comprising: the sound sensor, the fan main controller, the machine end collector and the station end server are arranged in the front; the sound sensor is connected with the machine end collector through a cable, the fan main controller is connected with the machine end collector through a fan ring network, and the machine end collector is connected with the station end server through a wind field ring network;

the sound sensor is used for acquiring sound signals in the running process of the fan blade in real time;

the fan main controller is used for controlling the fan;

the terminal collector is used for acquiring the sound signal from the sound sensor, extracting acoustic characteristics, acquiring fan state data from the fan main controller, and transmitting the acoustic characteristics and the fan state data to the station terminal server;

and the station-side server is used for monitoring the blade state on line by utilizing the acoustic characteristics and the fan state data.

Optionally, the station-side server is further configured to determine a blade damage category and/or a blade damage level using the acoustic characteristics and the wind turbine operating parameters.

The utility model provides a sound sensor for fan adopts the electret microphone, can accurately pick up each frequency domain information of sound. According to the characteristics of the electret microphone in outdoor application environment, a protective shell is additionally arranged outside the electret sensor, and an upper-lower two-section design is adopted, so that the electret microphone is convenient to replace; and through rain-proof, prevent wind structural design, increased the holistic waterproof and anticorrosive ability of sensor, can make sound sensor has very strong wind field environmental suitability. Compared with the traditional exposed electret microphone, the microphone can attenuate sound energy as little as possible, and the fidelity of the microphone is ensured.

The sound collection device for the fan adopts a non-contact form, and the sound sensor is fixed on the tower cylinder wall of the wind driven generator by means of the mounting bracket, so that the sound sensor is convenient to mount and dismount; and, based on the utility model discloses a sound sensor's structural feature can reduce the influence of environmental noise such as wind sound to blade running state's sound data from gathering the end, has improved the reliability of the sound data of collection, has stronger adaptability to the wind field environment moreover. This fan blade sound collection system has avoided the construction restriction of installation sensor on the blade, the maintenance, the debugging and the change of the later stage sensor of being convenient for.

The utility model provides a state monitoring system for fan utilizes the sound signal of above-mentioned sound sensor real-time collection fan blade operation in-process, acquires by the terminal collector sound signal draws acoustic characteristic, acquires fan state data from fan main control unit, will acoustic characteristic reaches fan state data sends station end server to, and then utilizes by station end server acoustic characteristic reaches fan state data monitoring blade and the relevant damage that can pass through the sound signal reaction of appearance, if lightning stroke damage, leading edge corruption, drainage hole block up etc. avoid this type of damage because of change or overhaul cost that can not in time discover and maintain and lead to, reduced the power generation loss or the fan incident that from this leads to simultaneously.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to these drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sound sensor and a mounting bracket for a fan according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper housing of the sound sensor for a blower according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the electret microphone and the lower housing of the sound sensor for a blower according to the present invention after being assembled;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a rain cover in the sound sensor for a blower according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a mounting bracket of the sound collection device for a blower according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the assembly of the bracket cover plate and the mounting bracket of the sound collection device for a blower according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a block diagram of the state monitoring system for a fan according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the implementation manner.

The utility model provides a sound transducer for fan adopts the electret microphone, can accurately pick up each frequency domain information of sound. According to the characteristics of the electret microphone sensor in outdoor application environment, a protective shell is additionally arranged outside the electret sensor, and an upper-lower two-section design is adopted, so that the electret microphone is convenient to replace, and the safety of the sensor in outdoor application is improved. Correspondingly, the utility model provides a fan blade sound collection system adopts the form of non-contact, will with the help of the installing support sound sensor fixes on aerogenerator's tower section of thick bamboo wall, makes things convenient for sound sensor's installation and dismantlement.

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sound sensor and a mounting bracket for a blower according to the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper housing of the sound sensor for a blower according to the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower housing of the acoustic sensor for a blower according to the present invention; fig. 4 is the utility model discloses a structural schematic of rain-proof cover among the sound sensor for fan.

The utility model provides a sound sensor for fan includes: the electret microphone comprises an electret microphone 1, a protective shell, an aviation plug 6, a rainproof cover 5 and a windproof cover 4; the aviation plug 6 can be provided with a signal wire at the same time; the protective housing includes: an upper case 2 and a lower case 3. Wherein, rain-proof cover 5 lock joint is in go up the upper end of casing 2, for example can be mode such as spiro union or joint.

As shown in fig. 3, the electret microphone 1 is mounted on the upper end of the lower case 3, for example, the lower end of the electret microphone 1 has an outer lateral flange, the upper end of the lower case 3 has an inner lateral flange, the outer lateral flange and the inner lateral flange respectively have through holes 12 adapted thereto, and the electret microphone 1 is mounted on the upper end of the lower case 3 by screws passing through the through holes 12. Of course, other mounting manners may be adopted, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.

The upper end of the lower shell 3 is detachably connected with the lower end of the upper shell 2, for example, in a threaded connection, a fastening connection, an insertion connection and the like, so that the electret microphone 1 is enclosed in a cavity formed by the rain cover 5, the upper shell 2 and the lower shell 3 after connection; the electret microphone 1 is provided with an aerial plug interface connected with the aerial plug 6; the lower end of the lower housing 3 has a socket 10 adapted to the aircraft plug 6. Preferably, the socket 10 may be a threaded jaw structure or other fastening structure, so as to facilitate the insertion and the fixing of the aviation plug 6.

In practical application, the waterproof and anticorrosive aviation plug 6 can be adopted, and a waterproof rubber ring is added in the interface of the aviation plug 6, so that the waterproof capability of the interface is enhanced. The signal line matched with the aviation plug 6 can adopt RVSP copper core polyvinyl chloride insulation twisted connection flexible wires and double copper core belt shielding, the anti-interference and shielding capability of the sensor in a wind field environment is improved, and the reliability of sensor data is enhanced. Meanwhile, the outside of the signal cable can be covered with plastic or stainless steel corrugated pipes for protection, and the outdoor service life of the cable is prolonged.

The electret microphone 1 can accurately pick up information of each frequency domain of sound, the frequency response range is selected according to the requirement, for example, the frequency response range can be 20-20 kHz, and the working temperature can be-40-70 ℃.

The outer protective casing of the electret microphone 1 can use an aluminum alloy metal casing, and the protective casing adopts an upper-lower two-section design, so that the electret microphone 1 is convenient to replace.

Furthermore, a sealing ring can be arranged between the upper shell 2 and the lower shell 3 to play a role in water and dust prevention. In addition, an anti-corrosion coating or anodic oxidation treatment can be coated on the surface of the protective shell, so that the overall waterproof and anti-corrosion capabilities of the sound sensor are improved.

As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the rain cover 5 may be made of an aluminum alloy material and is designed to have a cone-like structure, the top of the rain cover 5 is provided with stripe slits 11 at equal intervals, and the stripe slits 11 are coated with a waterproof sound-transmitting film, for example, the waterproof sound-transmitting film may be uniformly bonded to the stripe slits 11. Through rain-proof cover 5, not only can reduce the sound energy attenuation of operating band to within 0.5dB, but also can improve the whole waterproof grade of sound sensor to IPx5 grade. Certainly, in practical application, the rain cover 5 can also be designed into other shapes and structures, and the utility model discloses do not do the restriction here.

As shown in fig. 1, the windshield 4 is fitted over the upper case 2. The windshield 4 can be designed as a uniform porous structure of a spheroidal shape. Certainly, in practical application, the rain cover 5 can also be designed into other shapes and structures, and the utility model discloses do not do the restriction here. Whole protecting sheathing can be entangled to the length of windshield 4, also can only cover protecting sheathing's first half, specifically can design according to actual need, to this the utility model discloses do not restrict. Correspondingly, an anti-slip structure, such as the anti-drop convex structure 8 shown in fig. 2, can be added on the outer surface of the upper shell 2, so that the anti-drop of the windshield 4 can be effectively prevented; in addition, the wind cap 4 can be fastened by a binding belt during installation, so that loosening and falling in windy weather are prevented. The windshield 4 may be made of polyurethane foam, but other materials may be used.

Compare with traditional naked electret microphone, the utility model provides a fidelity that is used for sound sensor of fan can guarantee the microphone effectively has improved the reliability of the sound data of collection, but also has better prevent wind, outdoor environment adaptability such as rain-proof, anticorrosive.

Correspondingly, the utility model discloses still provide a sound collection system for fan, as shown in FIG. 1, the device includes above-mentioned sound sensor and installing support 7. The mounting bracket 7 is used to fix the sound sensor to the tower of the wind turbine, for example, the sound sensor may be fixed to the wall of the tower of the wind turbine by gluing or bolting. In consideration of outdoor environmental characteristics of a wind field, 316 stainless steel may be preferably used for the mounting bracket.

For convenience of installation and fixation, the mounting bracket 7 may be designed as an L-shaped bracket, as shown in fig. 5, a mounting hole 31 is formed on the first end surface 21 of the L-shaped bracket, and the mounting hole 31 is used for fixing the protective housing; and a fixing hole 32 with a counter bore is arranged on the second end face 22 of the L-shaped bracket, and the fixing hole 32 is used for fixing the mounting bracket.

The number of the fixing holes 32 may be one or more, for example, four evenly distributed through holes are designed. The fixing hole 32 can be matched with a mounting hole reserved on the wall of the tower barrel, and the bracket is fixed through a bolt.

The counter bore can be designed to be circular, and a magnet, such as a high-magnetism neodymium iron boron magnet, is embedded in the counter bore. The design of inlaying the magnet has increased magnetism for L type installing support, and the tower section of thick bamboo wall of fan is the steel sheet material generally, and when sound sensor installation, utilize magnetism suction, can fix the installing support on the tower section of thick bamboo wall fast, avoid installer to stand on the ladder for a long time, rely on the arm to support the fatigue that the fixed bolster produced alone, lead to the installation effect bad, mounted position skew scheduling problem, also improved installer's security simultaneously.

Further, as shown in fig. 6, a bracket cover plate 20 may be disposed on the second end face 22 of the L-shaped bracket and fixed by using M3 bolts, so as to protect the magnet embedded in the counterbore of the second end face 22 of the mounting bracket, thereby improving the service life of the mounting bracket in long-term wind field operation.

During installation, the lower fixing nut 9 in the upper shell 2 shown in fig. 2 is firstly screwed off from the shell, the mounting bracket is sleeved on the shell of the sound sensor from bottom to top by utilizing the mounting hole 31 on the L-shaped mounting bracket, the screwed nut is screwed on again, and the L-shaped mounting bracket is fixed with the protective shell of the sound sensor through the upper nut 9 and the lower nut 9. Due to the design, the installation, the replacement and the maintenance of the sound sensor are facilitated. When the wind power generation device is used, the sound sensor can be combined with the L-shaped mounting support to be mounted on the tower drum wall of the wind direction position of the fan with the height of 2 meters above the tower drum access door opening in a gluing or bolt fastening mode, and the stability of the tower drum is not affected. If the mounting is carried out in an adhesive manner, attention needs to be paid to ensure that the surface of the mounting bracket cannot have the bad phenomena of dirt, scratch, burr and the like so as to enhance the firmness during adhesion; in addition, the second end face 22 of the L-shaped bracket can be subjected to surface treatment on the side close to the tower drum, for example, the roughness treatment is Ra3.2, so that the adhesive can be more fully contacted with the bracket, the contact surface is increased, the viscosity is enhanced, and the firmness of the bracket adhesion is guaranteed.

After the sound sensor is fixed, the signal wire is pulled slightly, and the outside of the cable can be sheathed with plastic or stainless steel corrugated pipes for protection along the wall of the tower cylinder. Adopt tinfoil waterproof tape to paste the signal line on a tower section of thick bamboo, need adopt abrasive paper and the clean bonding surface of rag to the tower section of thick bamboo surface before pasting, ensure that the signal line is drawn smoothly directly before pasting. The cable runs down the wall of the tower to the tower door platform. And (4) passing and drawing the signal wire into the tower from a position above the tower door where the signal wire can be allowed to pass through, and finally accessing a machine end collector positioned at the tower footing.

The sound collection device for the fan adopts a non-contact form, and the sound sensor is fixed on the tower cylinder wall of the wind driven generator by means of the mounting bracket, so that the sound sensor is convenient to mount and dismount; and, based on the utility model discloses a sound sensor's structural feature can reduce the influence of environmental noise such as wind sound to blade running state's sound data from gathering the end, has improved the reliability of the sound data of collection, has stronger adaptability to the wind field environment moreover. This fan blade sound collection system has avoided the construction restriction of installation sensor on the blade, the maintenance, the debugging and the change of the later stage sensor of being convenient for.

Correspondingly, based on the sound sensor of above-mentioned each embodiment, the utility model discloses still provide a state monitoring system for fan, as shown in fig. 7, be the utility model discloses a structure block diagram for state monitoring system for fan.

The system comprises: a sound sensor 71, a fan main controller 72, a machine end collector 73 and a station end server 74. The sound sensor 71 is connected with the machine end collector 73 through a cable, the fan main controller 72 is connected with the machine end collector 73 through a fan ring network 50, and the machine end collector 73 is connected with the station end server 74 through a wind field ring network 60.

The sound sensor 71 is used for collecting sound signals in the running process of the fan blade in real time;

the fan main controller 72 is used for controlling the fan;

the terminal collector 73 is configured to obtain the sound signal from the sound sensor 71, extract an acoustic feature, obtain blower state data from the blower main controller 72, and transmit the acoustic feature and the blower state data to the station terminal server 74;

and the station-side server 74 is used for monitoring the blade state on line by using the acoustic characteristics and the fan state data.

In practical application, the machine end collector 73 can also perform noise reduction, desensitization and slimming conversion on the original data collected by the sound sensor 71, and synchronize and store the sound signal and the fan operation parameters.

The hardware of the terminal collector 73 may include, but is not limited to, an IEPE/ICP collection channel, a high performance CPU, a conditioning circuit, a lightning protection module, and the like. The terminal collector 73 can be arranged on a tower footing/cabin, the spatial layout in the fan is not influenced, 220VAC/50Hz power supply of the tower footing/cabin is used, fan state data are obtained from the fan main controller 72 through Modbus TCP based on a fan ring network, then the data are sent to the station terminal server 74 through the wind field ring network, and no additional network environment is required to be built.

The station-side server 74 may specifically adopt some existing blade state monitoring technologies to analyze and process data, identify whether a blade is damaged on line, and perform targeted maintenance on the blade. Further, the acoustic characteristics and the fan operating parameters may also be used to determine a blade damage category and/or a blade damage level. In addition, an alarm can be given after the damage of the blade is identified.

The utility model provides a state monitoring system for fan utilizes the sound signal of above-mentioned sound sensor when gathering fan blade operation in real time, acquires by the terminal collector sound signal draws acoustic characteristic, acquires fan state data from fan main control unit, will acoustic characteristic reaches fan state data sends station end server to, and then utilizes by station end server acoustic characteristic reaches fan state data monitoring blade and the relevant damage that can pass through the sound signal reaction of appearance, if the thunderbolt damage, leading edge corruption, drain hole jam etc. avoid this type of damage because of change or overhaul cost that can not in time discover and maintain and lead to, reduced the power generation loss or the fan incident that leads to from this simultaneously.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, and the present invention has been described by using the specific embodiments, and the description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method and apparatus of the present invention; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, according to the idea of the present invention, there are changes in the specific implementation and application scope, to sum up, the content of the present specification should not be understood as the limitation of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. An acoustic sensor for a fan, comprising: the electret microphone comprises an electret microphone, a protective shell, an aviation plug, a rain cover and a wind cover; the protective housing includes: an upper shell and a lower shell;

the rain shield is buckled at the upper end of the upper shell; the electret microphone is arranged at the upper end of the lower shell; the upper end of the lower shell is detachably connected with the lower end of the upper shell so as to seal the electret microphone in a cavity formed by the rain-proof cover, the upper shell and the lower shell after connection; the electret microphone is provided with an aerial plug interface connected with the aerial plug; the lower end of the lower shell is provided with a socket matched with the aviation plug; the windshield is sleeved outside the upper shell.

2. The sound transducer of claim 1, wherein the electret microphone has an outer lateral flange at a lower end thereof and an inner lateral flange at an upper end thereof, the outer lateral flange and the inner lateral flange having respective through holes adapted thereto, the electret microphone being mounted at the upper end of the lower case by screws passing through the through holes.

3. The acoustic sensor of claim 1, wherein the socket is a threaded jaw arrangement.

4. The acoustic sensor of claim 1, wherein a sealing ring is provided between the upper housing and the lower housing.

5. The acoustic sensor according to claim 1, wherein the rain cover is of a cone-like structure, the top of the rain cover is provided with equally spaced stripe gaps, and a waterproof sound-transmitting membrane is laid on the stripe gaps.

6. The acoustic sensor of claim 1, wherein the windshield is a uniform porous structure of a spheroidal profile.

7. The acoustic sensor of claim 1, wherein the upper housing outer surface has a slip-resistant structure to prevent the windshield from falling off.

8. The acoustic sensor of claim 1, wherein the upper end of the lower housing is connected to the lower end of the upper housing by a snap fit connection or by a threaded connection.

9. The acoustic sensor of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the surface of the protective housing is coated with an anti-corrosion coating or anodized.

10. A sound collection device for a blower, the device comprising: the acoustic sensor of any of claims 1 to 9, a mounting bracket for securing the acoustic sensor to a tower of a wind turbine; the mounting bracket is an L-shaped bracket; a mounting hole is formed in the first end face of the L-shaped support and used for fixing the protective shell; and a fixing hole with a counter bore is arranged on the second end face of the L-shaped support and used for fixing the mounting support.

11. The sound collection device of claim 10, wherein a magnet is embedded in the counterbore.

12. The sound collection device according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising: and the bracket cover plate is arranged on the second end surface of the L-shaped bracket.

13. A condition monitoring system for a wind turbine, the system comprising: the sound sensor, the fan main controller, the machine end collector and the station end server of any one of claims 1 to 9; the sound sensor is connected with the machine end collector through a cable, the fan main controller is connected with the machine end collector through a fan ring network, and the machine end collector is connected with the station end server through a wind field ring network;

the sound sensor is used for acquiring sound signals in the running process of the fan blade in real time;

the fan main controller is used for controlling the fan;

the terminal collector is used for acquiring the sound signal from the sound sensor, extracting acoustic characteristics, acquiring fan state data from the fan main controller, and transmitting the acoustic characteristics and the fan state data to the station terminal server;

and the station-side server is used for monitoring the blade state on line by utilizing the acoustic characteristics and the fan state data.

14. The condition monitoring system according to claim 13,

and the station-side server is also used for determining the blade damage category and/or the blade damage grade by utilizing the acoustic characteristics and the fan operating parameters.

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