CN211975092U - LNG cold energy cascade utilization system - Google Patents
LNG cold energy cascade utilization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN211975092U CN211975092U CN202020101541.4U CN202020101541U CN211975092U CN 211975092 U CN211975092 U CN 211975092U CN 202020101541 U CN202020101541 U CN 202020101541U CN 211975092 U CN211975092 U CN 211975092U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a LNG cold energy step utilizes system can guarantee when refrigerant inflation power generation subsystem, freezer district subsystem, data center subsystem wherein a technology appears unusual operating mode, and other regions are not influenced and continue production, and other cold energy step technologies then can lead to the parking because the unusual operating mode of a certain technology. Therefore, efficient LNG cold energy cascade utilization is realized, the temperature utilization range is wide, the relative independence of each process section of LNG cold energy cascade utilization is improved, the operation elasticity and the fault tolerance of the whole project are improved, the economic influence caused by faults is reduced, safe production can be realized, the operation cost is reduced, the whole project is environment-friendly, the potential safety hazard is reduced to the minimum, and the implementation of other projects of a station is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a LNG cold energy utilizes the field, especially relates to a LNG cold energy step utilizes system.
Background
With the continuous outstanding environmental problems, the energy consumption structure of China also changes correspondingly. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has become an important strategic reserve energy source due to its advantages of cleanliness, environmental protection, and the like. At present, China has become the largest natural gas entry country in the world, wherein imported LNG accounts for 53% of the total natural gas supply. In 2018, the total amount of LNG imported in China is nearly 5400 ten thousand tons, the ratio is increased by 41.2%, the net import increment is 1600 ten thousand tons, which accounts for 59.26% of the global increment and is the first in the world. In the future, China is still the country with the strongest LNG market demand, and the LNG import capacity of China is expected to be doubled within five years.
The LNG is a low-temperature (-162 ℃) liquid mixture which is formed by deacidifying and dehydrating low-pollution natural gas and freezing and liquefying the low-temperature natural gas through a low-temperature process, the LNG needs to be gasified through a gasifier at an LNG receiving station for use, and according to measurement and calculation, the gasification process of each ton of LNG is equivalent to the release of 830MJ to 860MJ of cold energy. At present, China is developing energy conservation and emission reduction greatly, LNG cold energy is recycled, LNG production cost is reduced, the policy of China for energy conservation and emission reduction is met, and the method has important significance today when fossil energy is gradually reduced and the demand is gradually increased. The LNG cold energy utilization modes are various, and include LNG cold energy power generation, ice making, liquid CO2 and dry ice making, a refrigeration house, cryogenic grinding and the like.
Chinese patent CN110513932A discloses an LNG cold energy ice making system, which stores a secondary refrigerant after heat exchange with LNG in a secondary refrigerant storage tank, and adjusts the flow rates of LNG and the secondary refrigerant to keep the LNG cold energy for stable operation of the ice making system even when the fluctuation of the gasification amount is large. However, the system does not realize the cascade utilization of the cold energy, and the utilization rate of the cold energy is lower. Chinese patent CN105545390A liThe circulating working medium is heated by the coal-fired waste gas, the LNG is used for cooling the circulating working medium, the LNG cold energy is used for generating power, meanwhile, the LNG after heat exchange with the circulating working medium re-cools the coal-fired waste gas after heat exchange with the circulating working medium, and CO is realized2And (4) liquefying. The method realizes the cascade utilization of cold energy by jointly using the LNG cold energy and the waste heat of the coal-fired waste gas, but the method has poor process flexibility, and can be used in LNG power generation systems or CO2When the liquefaction system breaks down, the whole process flow is stopped, and the application under various working conditions cannot be well realized. The existing LNG cold energy utilization patent has no emergency measures when leakage and damage occur in cold energy cascade utilization, the cold energy cascade utilization project is single, and the operation difficulty and the maintenance links are more.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention aims to provide a LNG cold energy cascade utilization system that overcomes or at least partially solves the above mentioned problems.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is specifically realized as follows:
an aspect of the utility model provides a LNG cold energy step utilizes system, include: the system comprises a cold energy recovery subsystem, a refrigerant expansion power generation subsystem, a refrigeration storage subsystem and a data center subsystem; wherein: the cold energy recovery subsystem comprises: the LNG storage tank is connected with a first end of a first flow regulating valve 1 through a high-pressure output manifold, a second end of the first flow regulating valve 1 is connected with a first end of a second flow regulating valve 2, a second end of the second flow regulating valve 2 is connected with a first end of a first heat exchanger 3, a second end of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with a first end of a third flow regulating valve 5, a second end of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with a first end of a second heat exchanger 4, a second end of the second heat exchanger 4 is connected with a first end of a third flow regulating valve 5, a second end of the first flow regulating valve 1 is connected with a first end of a fourth flow regulating valve 9, a second end of the fourth flow regulating valve 9 is connected with a first end of a third heat exchanger 8, a second end of the third heat exchanger 8 is connected with a third end of the third flow regulating valve 5, a third end of the third heat exchanger 8 is connected with a first end of a ninth flow regulating valve 7, and a second end of, the fourth end of the third heat exchanger 8 is connected with the fourth end of the second heat exchanger 4, the second end of the third flow regulating valve 5 is connected with the first end of the reheater 6, and the second end of the reheater 6 is connected with the natural gas output main pipe; the refrigerant expansion power generation area subsystem includes: mix refrigerant circulation circuit and mix refrigerant storage tank 11, first mixed refrigerant force (forcing) pump 12 and the first three-way valve 13 parallelly connected with mixing refrigerant circulation circuit, wherein, mix refrigerant circulation circuit and include: a first end of a second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump 14 is connected with a third end of the first heat exchanger 3, a second end of the second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump 14 is connected with a first end of a fourth heat exchanger 15, a second end of the fourth heat exchanger 15 is connected with a first end of a fifth heat exchanger 16, a second end of the fifth heat exchanger 16 is connected with a first end of an expander 17, a second end of the expander 17 is connected with a fourth end of the first heat exchanger 3, a third end of the expander 17 is connected with a first end of a generator 10, a second end of the generator 10 is connected with a power supply port, a first end of a sixth flow regulating valve 18 is connected with a third end of a third heat exchanger 8, a second end of the sixth flow regulating valve 18 is connected with a third end of the fourth heat exchanger 15, and a fourth end of the fourth heat exchanger 15 is connected with a fourth end of the; a first end of the first three-way valve 13 is connected with a third end of the first heat exchanger 3, a second end of the first three-way valve 13 is connected with a first end of the mixed refrigerant storage tank 11, a second end of the mixed refrigerant storage tank 11 is connected with a first end of the first mixed refrigerant booster pump 12, a second end of the first mixed refrigerant booster pump 12 is connected with a third end of the first three-way valve 13, and a third end of the first three-way valve 13 is connected with a first end of the second mixed refrigerant booster pump 14; the freezer district subsystem includes: monocomponent refrigerant circulation circuit, monocomponent refrigerant circulation circuit includes: a first end of the first single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 27 is connected with a fourth end of the third heat exchanger 8, a second end of the first single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 27 is connected with a first end of a fifth flow regulating valve 28, a second end of the fifth flow regulating valve 28 is connected with a first end of an eighth heat exchanger 29, a second end of the eighth heat exchanger 29 is connected with a third end of the third heat exchanger 8, and a third end of the eighth heat exchanger 29 and the fourth end of the eighth heat exchanger 29 are connected with the cold storage area; the data center area subsystem includes: a first end of a second three-way valve 21 is connected with a fourth end of the third heat exchanger 8, a second end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with a first end of a single-component refrigerant storage tank 19, a second end of the single-component refrigerant storage tank 19 is connected with a first end of a second single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 20, a second end of the second single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 20 is connected with a third end of the second three-way valve 21, a third end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with a first end of a sixth heat exchanger 26, a second end of the sixth heat exchanger 26 is connected with a first end of an eighth flow regulating valve 25, a second end of the eighth flow regulating valve 25 is connected with a third end of the third heat exchanger 8, a third end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with a first end of a third single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 22, a second end of the third single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 22 is connected with a first end of a, the second end of the seventh heat exchanger 24 is connected with the third end of the third heat exchanger 8, the third end of the seventh heat exchanger 24 is connected with the data center, and the fourth end of the seventh heat exchanger 24 is connected with the data center.
Wherein, the mixed refrigerant circulation loop is filled with mixed refrigerant; the single-component refrigerant circulation loop is filled with a single-component phase change refrigerant.
The mixed refrigerant comprises a light component and a heavy component; the mass ratio of the light component to the heavy component is 5:5-3: 7; the freezing point of the light component is lower than the liquefaction temperature of the LNG, and the boiling point is higher than the liquefaction temperature of the LNG; the boiling point of the heavy component at the working pressure is higher than the solidification temperature point of the single-component refrigerant; the boiling point of the single-component refrigerant at the working pressure is higher than the solidification temperature point of the secondary refrigerant.
Wherein the boiling point of the light component is higher than the liquefaction temperature of the LNG by more than 30 ℃.
Wherein the light components comprise propane, ethylene and/or ethane; the heavy component comprises isobutane, R134A, R410A and/or R22; the single-component refrigerant comprises propane, ethylene and/or ethane, and the secondary refrigerant comprises CaCl2 aqueous solution, NaCl aqueous solution and/or ethylene glycol aqueous solution.
Wherein the inlet temperature of the single-component refrigerant is-8 to-12 ℃, and the outlet temperature is-28 to-34 ℃.
Wherein, the reheater 6 is a water bath type reheater.
Wherein each heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Therefore, through the utility model provides a LNG cold energy step utilizes system can guarantee when refrigerant inflation power generation subsystem, freezer district subsystem, data center subsystem wherein a technology unusual operating mode appears, and other regions are not influenced and continue production, and other cold energy step technologies then can lead to the parking because the unusual operating mode of a certain technology. Therefore, efficient LNG cold energy cascade utilization is realized, the temperature utilization range is wide, the relative independence of each process section of LNG cold energy cascade utilization is improved, the operation elasticity and the fault tolerance of the whole project are improved, the economic influence caused by faults is reduced, safe production can be realized, the operation cost is reduced, the whole project is environment-friendly, the potential safety hazard is reduced to the minimum, and the implementation of other projects of a station is not influenced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is the utility model discloses LNG cold energy cascade utilization system's that embodiment provided structure schematic diagram.
The figures show that: 1-a first flow regulating valve, 2-a second flow regulating valve, 3-a first heat exchanger, 4-a second heat exchanger, 5-a third flow regulating valve, 6-a reheater, 7-a ninth flow regulating valve, 8-a third heat exchanger, 9-a fourth flow regulating valve, 10-a generator, 11-a mixed refrigerant storage tank, 12-a first mixed refrigerant pressure pump, 13-a first three-way valve, 14-a second mixed refrigerant pressure pump, 15-a fourth heat exchanger, 16-a fifth heat exchanger, 17-an expander, 18-a sixth flow regulating valve, 19-a single-component refrigerant storage tank, 20-a second single-component pressure refrigerant pump, 21-a second three-way valve, 22-a third single-component pressure pump, 23-a seventh flow regulating valve, 24-a seventh heat exchanger, 25-an eighth flow regulating valve, 26-a sixth heat exchanger, 27-a first single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump, 28-a fifth flow regulating valve and 29-an eighth heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows the utility model provides a structural schematic of LNG cold energy step utilizes system, see fig. 1, the utility model provides a LNG cold energy step utilizes system, include:
the system comprises a cold energy recovery subsystem, a refrigerant expansion power generation subsystem, a refrigeration storage subsystem and a data center subsystem; wherein:
the cold energy recovery subsystem comprises: the LNG storage tank is connected with a first end of a first flow regulating valve 1 through a high-pressure output manifold, a second end of the first flow regulating valve 1 is connected with a first end of a second flow regulating valve 2, a second end of the second flow regulating valve 2 is connected with a first end of a first heat exchanger 3, a second end of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with a first end of a third flow regulating valve 5, a second end of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with a first end of a second heat exchanger 4, a second end of the second heat exchanger 4 is connected with a first end of a third flow regulating valve 5, a second end of the first flow regulating valve 1 is connected with a first end of a fourth flow regulating valve 9, a second end of the fourth flow regulating valve 9 is connected with a first end of a third heat exchanger 8, a second end of the third heat exchanger 8 is connected with a third end of the third flow regulating valve 5, a third end of the third heat exchanger 8 is connected with a first end of a ninth flow regulating valve 7, and a second end of, the fourth end of the third heat exchanger 8 is connected with the fourth end of the second heat exchanger 4, the second end of the third flow regulating valve 5 is connected with the first end of the reheater 6, and the second end of the reheater 6 is connected with the natural gas output main pipe;
the refrigerant expansion power generation area subsystem includes: mix refrigerant circulation circuit and mix refrigerant storage tank 11, first mixed refrigerant force (forcing) pump 12 and the first three-way valve 13 parallelly connected with mixing refrigerant circulation circuit, wherein, mix refrigerant circulation circuit and include: a first end of a second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump 14 is connected with a third end of the first heat exchanger 3, a second end of the second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump 14 is connected with a first end of a fourth heat exchanger 15, a second end of the fourth heat exchanger 15 is connected with a first end of a fifth heat exchanger 16, a second end of the fifth heat exchanger 16 is connected with a first end of an expander 17, a second end of the expander 17 is connected with a fourth end of the first heat exchanger 3, a third end of the expander 17 is connected with a first end of a generator 10, a second end of the generator 10 is connected with a power supply port, a first end of a sixth flow regulating valve 18 is connected with a third end of a third heat exchanger 8, a second end of the sixth flow regulating valve 18 is connected with a third end of the fourth heat exchanger 15, and a fourth end of the fourth heat exchanger 15 is connected with a fourth end of the; a first end of the first three-way valve 13 is connected with a third end of the first heat exchanger 3, a second end of the first three-way valve 13 is connected with a first end of the mixed refrigerant storage tank 11, a second end of the mixed refrigerant storage tank 11 is connected with a first end of the first mixed refrigerant booster pump 12, a second end of the first mixed refrigerant booster pump 12 is connected with a third end of the first three-way valve 13, and a third end of the first three-way valve 13 is connected with a first end of the second mixed refrigerant booster pump 14;
the freezer district subsystem includes: monocomponent refrigerant circulation circuit, monocomponent refrigerant circulation circuit includes: a first end of the first single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 27 is connected with a fourth end of the third heat exchanger 8, a second end of the first single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 27 is connected with a first end of a fifth flow regulating valve 28, a second end of the fifth flow regulating valve 28 is connected with a first end of an eighth heat exchanger 29, a second end of the eighth heat exchanger 29 is connected with a third end of the third heat exchanger 8, and a third end of the eighth heat exchanger 29 and the fourth end of the eighth heat exchanger 29 are connected with the cold storage area;
the data center area subsystem includes: a first end of a second three-way valve 21 is connected with a fourth end of the third heat exchanger 8, a second end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with a first end of a single-component refrigerant storage tank 19, a second end of the single-component refrigerant storage tank 19 is connected with a first end of a second single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 20, a second end of the second single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 20 is connected with a third end of the second three-way valve 21, a third end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with a first end of a sixth heat exchanger 26, a second end of the sixth heat exchanger 26 is connected with a first end of an eighth flow regulating valve 25, a second end of the eighth flow regulating valve 25 is connected with a third end of the third heat exchanger 8, a third end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with a first end of a third single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 22, a second end of the third single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 22 is connected with a first end of a, the second end of the seventh heat exchanger 24 is connected with the third end of the third heat exchanger 8, the third end of the seventh heat exchanger 24 is connected with the data center, and the fourth end of the seventh heat exchanger 24 is connected with the data center.
Specifically, the embodiment of the utility model provides a LNG cold energy cascade utilization system can retrieve subsystem, refrigerant inflation power generation district subsystem, freezer district subsystem and the central subsystem of data including the cold energy.
Wherein, cold energy recovery subsystem includes: the first flow control valve 1, the second flow control valve 2, the third flow control valve 5, the fourth flow control valve 9, the ninth flow control valve 7, the first heat exchanger 3, the second heat exchanger 4, the third heat exchanger 8 and the recuperator 6 can be specifically connected between the LNG storage tank and the main gas pipe network in a connecting mode as shown in fig. 1 through pipelines.
The refrigerant expansion power generation area subsystem includes: mix refrigerant circulation circuit and mix refrigerant storage tank 11, first mixed refrigerant force (forcing) pump 12 and the first three-way valve 13 parallelly connected with mixing refrigerant circulation circuit, wherein, mix refrigerant circulation circuit and include: the second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump 14, the sixth flow rate adjusting valve 18, the fourth heat exchanger 15, the fifth heat exchanger 16, the expander 17, and the generator 10 may be connected in sequence to form a mixed refrigerant circulation loop, as shown in fig. 1.
The freezer district subsystem includes: a monocomponent refrigerant circulation circuit, the monocomponent refrigerant circulation circuit comprising: the first monocomponent refrigerant pressurizing pump 27, the fifth flow rate adjusting valve 28, and the eighth heat exchanger 29 may be connected in sequence to form a monocomponent refrigerant circulation loop, as shown in fig. 1.
The subsystem of data center area includes the seventh flow control valve 23, the eighth flow control valve 25, the sixth heat exchanger 26, the seventh heat exchanger 24, the second single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 20, the third single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump 22, the second three-way valve 21 and the single-component refrigerant storage tank 19. Specifically, the branch lines formed by connecting the branch lines as shown in fig. 1 are connected in parallel on the single-component refrigerant circulation loop.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a mixed refrigerant is injected into the mixed refrigerant circulation loop; the single-component refrigerant circulation loop is filled with a single-component phase change refrigerant. As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the mixed refrigerant includes a light component and a heavy component; the mass ratio of the light component to the heavy component is 5:5-3: 7; the freezing point of the light component is lower than the liquefaction temperature of the LNG, and the boiling point is higher than the liquefaction temperature of the LNG; the boiling point of the heavy component at the working pressure is higher than the solidification temperature point of the single-component refrigerant; the boiling point of the single-component refrigerant at the working pressure is higher than the solidification temperature point of the secondary refrigerant. Wherein the boiling point of the light component is higher than the liquefaction temperature of the LNG by more than 30 ℃.
As an alternative to the embodiments of the present invention, the light component comprises propane, ethylene and/or ethane; the heavy component comprises isobutane, R134A, R410A and/or R22; the single-component refrigerant comprises propane, ethylene and/or ethane, and the secondary refrigerant comprises CaCl2 aqueous solution, NaCl aqueous solution and/or ethylene glycol aqueous solution.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the utility model, the single-component refrigerant inlet temperature is-8 to-12 ℃, and the outlet temperature is-28 to-34 ℃.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the reheater 6 is a water bath type reheater.
As an optional implementation of the embodiment of the utility model, each heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
The LNG cold energy cascade utilization control method using the LNG cold energy cascade utilization system includes:
the cold energy recovery subsystem adopts a mixed refrigerant as a refrigerant of the refrigerant expansion power generation area and adopts a single-component refrigerant as a refrigerant of the cold storage area and a refrigerant of the data center; after LNG in the LNG storage tank exchanges heat with mixed refrigerant and is gasified, the LNG exchanges heat with single-component refrigerant and is heated up, and then the LNG is reheated to 0 ℃ by seawater and is sent to an external pipeline network;
the refrigerant expansion power generation area subsystem is characterized in that mixed refrigerants are pressurized and heated by hot water, then enter an expander to do work through expansion, the expander drives a generator to operate to generate power, the mixed refrigerants are expanded, depressurized, lowered in temperature and then enter a mixed refrigerant storage tank to the next cycle;
the cold storage area subsystem and the data center area subsystem divide a gaseous single-component refrigerant into two strands after entering the heat exchanger and exchanging heat with low-temperature natural gas, one strand exchanges heat with a second-stage refrigerant from the cold storage, the temperature rises to be gaseous, and then the next cycle is carried out; the secondary refrigerant enters a refrigeration house for refrigeration after heat exchange, and enters the next cycle after temperature rise; the other strand exchanges heat with a secondary refrigerant from the data center, the temperature rises to become gaseous, and then the next cycle is carried out; and the secondary refrigerant enters a data center for refrigeration after heat exchange, and enters the next cycle after temperature rise.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
when the refrigerant expansion power generation area subsystem generates an abnormal working condition, the second flow regulating valve, the sixth flow regulating valve and the eighth flow regulating valve are closed to cut off the mixed refrigerant circulation loop; increasing the opening degree of the eighth flow regulating valve to maintain normal cooling of the data center and the refrigeration house; increasing the flow of LNG entering an original gasification pressure regulating system of a plant station to maintain normal gasification of the LNG;
when the data center subsystem has abnormal working conditions, the seventh flow regulating valve is closed to stop the single-component refrigerant from entering the seventh heat exchanger to exchange heat with the secondary refrigerant; closing the ninth flow regulating valve to reduce the heat exchange amount of the single-component refrigerant circulation loop;
when the refrigeration house subsystem has abnormal working conditions, the fifth flow regulating valve is closed to stop the single-component refrigerant from entering the eighth heat exchanger to exchange heat with the secondary refrigerant, and the ninth flow regulating valve is closed to reduce the heat exchange quantity of the single-component refrigerant circulation loop.
Specifically, the cold energy recovery subsystem adopts a mixed refrigerant as a refrigerant in a refrigerant expansion power generation area, adopts a single-component refrigerant as a refrigerant in a cold storage area and a data center, exchanges heat with the single-component refrigerant to be gasified after LNG in the LNG storage tank exchanges heat with the mixed refrigerant, heats the LNG and the mixed refrigerant, re-heats the LNG and the mixed refrigerant to 0 ℃ through seawater, and then sends the LNG and the mixed refrigerant to an external transmission pipe network.
The refrigerant expansion power generation area subsystem is characterized in that mixed refrigerant is pressurized and heated by hot water, then enters an expander to perform expansion work, the expander drives a generator to operate to generate power, the mixed refrigerant expands and reduces pressure, the temperature is reduced, and the mixed refrigerant enters a mixed refrigerant storage tank to the next cycle.
The cold storage area subsystem and the data center area subsystem divide gaseous single-component refrigerant into two strands after entering the heat exchanger and exchanging heat with low-temperature natural gas, one strand exchanges heat with the second-stage refrigerant from the cold storage, the temperature rises to become gaseous, and then the next cycle is carried out. The secondary refrigerant enters a refrigeration house for refrigeration after heat exchange, and enters the next cycle after temperature rise; and the other strand exchanges heat with a secondary refrigerant from the data center, the temperature rises to become gaseous, and then the next cycle is carried out. And the secondary refrigerant enters a data center for refrigeration after heat exchange, and enters the next cycle after temperature rise.
When the refrigerant expansion power generation area subsystem has abnormal working conditions, only the second flow regulating valve 2, the sixth flow regulating valve 18 and the eighth flow regulating valve 25 are needed to be closed so as to cut off the mixed refrigerant circulation loop; increasing the opening degree of the eighth flow regulating valve 25 to maintain normal cooling of the data center and the refrigerator; the LNG flow entering the original gasification pressure regulating system of the station is increased to maintain the normal gasification of the LNG, and the normal operation of the LNG gasification station, the refrigeration house and the data center can be ensured.
When the data center subsystem has abnormal working conditions, the seventh flow regulating valve 23 is only required to be closed to stop the single-component refrigerant from entering the seventh heat exchanger 24 to exchange heat with the secondary refrigerant; and the ninth flow regulating valve 7 is closed to reduce the heat exchange quantity of the single-component refrigerant circulation loop, so that the normal operation of the refrigeration house and the cold energy power generation area can be ensured.
When the subsystem of the cold storage area has abnormal working conditions, the normal operation of the data center and the cold energy power generation area can be ensured only by closing the fifth flow regulating valve 28 to stop the single-component refrigerant from entering the eighth heat exchanger 29 to exchange heat with the secondary refrigerant and closing the ninth flow regulating valve 7 to reduce the heat exchange quantity of the single-component refrigerant circulation loop.
As an optional implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the upstream of the cold energy recovery subsystem is the primary gasification facility. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the system further includes: an open rack vaporizer; the open rack vaporizer is connected between the high-pressure output main pipe and the natural gas output main pipe. The method can also comprise the following steps: a voltage regulation subsystem; the first end of the pressure regulating subsystem is connected with the natural gas output main pipe, and the second end of the pressure regulating subsystem is connected with the second end of the reheater. The method can also comprise the following steps: a metering subsystem; the first end of the metering subsystem is connected with the pressure regulating subsystem.
Therefore, through the utility model provides a LNG cold energy step utilizes system and control method can guarantee that when the unusual operating mode appears in refrigerant inflation power generation subsystem, freezer district subsystem, the central subsystem of data wherein certain technology, other regions are not influenced and continue production, and other cold energy step technologies then can lead to the parking because the unusual operating mode of certain technology. Therefore, efficient LNG cold energy cascade utilization is realized, the temperature utilization range is wide, the relative independence of each process section of LNG cold energy cascade utilization is improved, the operation elasticity and the fault tolerance of the whole project are improved, the economic influence caused by faults is reduced, safe production can be realized, the operation cost is reduced, the whole project is environment-friendly, the potential safety hazard is reduced to the minimum, and the implementation of other projects of a station is not influenced.
Compared with the prior art and the current situation, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the LNG cold energy is used in combination of cold energy power generation, a refrigeration house and a data center, the excellent cascade utilization performance is shown, and the cold energy utilization rate is high.
2. The same refrigerant is used in an integral loop formed by the data center area process and the refrigeration storage area process, so that the whole device is simple to operate, convenient to maintain and good in safety.
3. For an LNG cold energy cascade utilization system, when an abnormal working condition occurs in a certain working section, the whole process can be stopped. However, the project well solves the problem by using the same single-component refrigerant to supply cold for the data center and the refrigeration house. When one of the cold energy power generation area, the data center or the refrigeration storage area has abnormal working conditions and needs to stop production, the production of other areas cannot be influenced.
In the following, taking a certain LNG vaporizing station as an example, the cold energy of the LNG vaporizing station is recycled, the LNG vaporizing scale of the project is 500 multiplied by 104t/a, the vaporizing flow is 200 to 560t/h, the temperature before the vaporization is-120 to-129 ℃, and the vaporizing pressure is 8 MPa. The pressure in the LNG storage tank is 4 MPa. The LNG flow rate intended for this cold energy utilization process is 114 t/h.
The LNG cold energy cascade utilization system is connected with the original gasification pressure regulating process in a parallel connection mode.
The LNG used in the cold energy utilization process flow is gasified by a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, heated by a water bath type reheater, and then joined with the original pressure regulating pipeline.
After the corresponding process equipment is installed, ethane and propane are mixed and injected into a mixed refrigerant circulation loop according to the mass ratio of 5:5 to serve as a mixed refrigerant (C2C3), and the mass flow rate is 110 t/h; injecting propane into the single-component refrigerant circulation loop to serve as a single-component refrigerant (C3), wherein the mass flow rate is 62 t/h; and CaCl2 aqueous solution is used as a secondary refrigerant and applied to a refrigeration storage area and a data center area, and the mass flow rates are 320t/h and 650t/h respectively.
When the equipment normally works, 0.4MPa LNG (liquefied natural gas) at the temperature of-162 ℃ and discharged from an LNG storage tank has the flow rate of 114t/h, is pressurized to 8MPa by a pressure pump, is divided into two paths after the temperature is raised to-159 ℃, one path of LNG sequentially enters a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger is respectively subjected to heat exchange gasification with a C2C3 refrigerant, the other path of LNG enters a third heat exchanger and is subjected to heat exchange gasification with a C3 refrigerant, and after two paths of gaseous natural gas are converged, the temperature is raised to 0 ℃ by a water bath type reheater and then the LNG is sent to an external pipeline network.
The gaseous C2C3 refrigerant with the pressure of 0.2MPa and the temperature of minus 19 ℃ enters a first heat exchanger to exchange heat with the pressurized low-temperature natural gas, the temperature is reduced to minus 61 ℃ and liquefied, the low-temperature liquid C2C3 refrigerant is pressurized to 1.1MPa by a pressurizing pump, the temperature is increased to minus 60 ℃ and then is divided into two streams, one stream enters a fourth heat exchanger, the other stream enters a sixth heat exchanger to exchange heat with the gaseous C3 from a data center and a refrigeration house respectively, the temperature of the liquid C2C3 refrigerant is increased to minus 24 ℃, the refrigerant enters a fifth heat exchanger to be heated to 60 ℃ by hot water with the normal pressure and the temperature of 70 ℃ and gasified, the refrigerant enters an expansion generator to expand to generate power, the expansion is increased to 0.2MPa, the temperature is reduced to minus 19 ℃, and then the C2C3 enters the.
The low-temperature liquid C3 refrigerant of 0.2MPa and-32 ℃ coming out of a C3 refrigerant storage tank is divided into two streams, wherein one stream enters an eighth heat exchanger to exchange heat with a 30 wt% CaCl2 aqueous solution of-5 ℃ from a cold storage, the temperature is raised to-10 ℃ and gasified, and the other stream enters a seventh heat exchanger to exchange heat with a 30 wt% CaCl2 aqueous solution of 12 ℃ from a data center, the temperature is raised to-10 ℃ and gasified; the gaseous C3 refrigerant after heat exchange in the data center is divided into two streams, one stream enters a sixth heat exchanger to exchange heat with the low-temperature C2C3 refrigerant of 1.1MPa and-60 ℃ after being pressurized by a second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump, and the temperature is reduced to-32 ℃ and liquefied; the second strand is merged with gaseous C3 refrigerant from a refrigerator and then divided into 3 strands; one stream enters the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the low-temperature natural gas from the first heat exchanger, the other stream enters the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the low-temperature natural gas, and the liquefied low-temperature natural gas enters the C3 refrigerant storage tank after being liquefied. The third part enters a fourth heat exchanger to exchange heat with the low-temperature C2C3 refrigerant of 1.1MPa and-60 ℃ pressurized by the second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump, the temperature is reduced and liquefied, and the liquefied refrigerant is converged with the liquid C3 refrigerant from the C3 refrigerant storage tank and enters the next circulation.
The 30 wt% CaCl2 aqueous solution from the cold storage is at the pressure of 0.1013MPa (normal pressure) and the temperature of-5 ℃, enters an eighth heat exchanger to exchange heat with C3, the temperature is reduced to-20 ℃, enters the cold storage for refrigeration, and the temperature of the CaCl2 aqueous solution is increased to-5 ℃ after the refrigeration and enters the next cycle; and (3) introducing a 30 wt% CaCl2 aqueous solution from the data center, wherein the pressure is 0.1013MPa (normal pressure) and the temperature is 12 ℃, introducing the CaCl2 aqueous solution into a seventh heat exchanger to exchange heat with C3, reducing the temperature to 5 ℃, introducing the CaCl2 aqueous solution into the data center to refrigerate, and introducing the CaCl2 aqueous solution into the next cycle after the refrigeration is finished, wherein the temperature is up to 12 ℃.
When the expansion power generation process is in an abnormal working condition and needs to be stopped, only the second flow regulating valve, the sixth flow regulating valve and the eighth flow regulating valve need to be closed to stop the operation of the C2C3 refrigerant circulation loop; meanwhile, the LNG flow entering the original gasification pressure regulating system of the station is increased to maintain the normal gasification of the LNG, so that the normal operation of the LNG gasification station, the refrigeration house and the data center can be ensured. At this time, the gaseous C3 from the data center does not enter the sixth heat exchanger to exchange heat with the C2C3 refrigerant for liquefaction, but directly joins the gaseous C3 from the cold storage area, and enters the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the LNG. In addition, as the flow of the gaseous C3 entering the third heat exchanger is increased, the opening degree of the eighth flow regulating valve needs to be increased to maintain the normal cooling of the data center and the refrigeration house; therefore, although the production of the cold energy power generation area is stopped, the C3 refrigerant can still provide cold energy for the refrigeration house and the data center, and the normal operation of the rest areas is ensured.
When the data center area process is in an abnormal working condition, only the seventh flow regulating valve needs to be closed to stop the single-component refrigerant from entering the seventh heat exchanger to exchange heat with the secondary refrigerant; and the ninth flow regulating valve is closed to reduce the heat exchange quantity of the single-component refrigerant circulation loop, so that the normal operation of the refrigeration house and the cold energy power generation area can be ensured. At this time, the liquid C3 refrigerant is not divided, and is completely sent to the cold storage area to exchange heat with the brine.
When the cold storage area is in an abnormal working condition, the normal operation of the data center and the cold energy power generation area can be ensured only by closing the fifth flow regulating valve to stop the single-component refrigerant from entering the eighth heat exchanger to exchange heat with the secondary refrigerant and closing the ninth flow regulating valve to reduce the heat exchange quantity of the single-component refrigerant circulation loop.
To sum up, through the embodiment of the utility model provides a reduce the operation cost, the device operation is simple. The mixed refrigerant is used as the refrigerant of the expansion power generation circulating pipeline, and the single-component refrigerant is used as the refrigerant of the refrigeration storage area process and the data center area process, so that the temperature utilization range is wide, and efficient cold energy gradient utilization is realized. The system can reduce the overall investment of materials, improve the automation degree of projects and avoid increasing new potential safety hazards. According to the embodiment, the expansion power generation area, the data center area and the refrigeration storage area are set under different fault conditions, and the production of other areas cannot be influenced when one area is abnormal and the production needs to be stopped through different adjustment modes. The relative independence of each process section of LNG cold energy gradient utilization is improved, the operation elasticity and the fault tolerance rate of the whole project are improved, and the economic influence caused by faults is reduced. Meanwhile, the embodiments are simple and easy to implement, and can be applied to the vast range of projects of LNG cold energy utilization at present.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. An LNG cold energy cascade utilization system, comprising:
the system comprises a cold energy recovery subsystem, a refrigerant expansion power generation subsystem, a refrigeration storage subsystem and a data center subsystem; wherein:
the cold energy recovery subsystem comprises: the LNG storage tank is connected with a first end of a first flow regulating valve (1) through a high-pressure output main pipe, a second end of the first flow regulating valve (1) is connected with a first end of a second flow regulating valve (2), a second end of the second flow regulating valve (2) is connected with a first end of a first heat exchanger (3), a second end of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected with a first end of a third flow regulating valve (5), a second end of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected with a first end of a second heat exchanger (4), a second end of the second heat exchanger (4) is connected with a first end of a third flow regulating valve (5), a second end of the first flow regulating valve (1) is connected with a first end of a fourth flow regulating valve (9), a second end of the fourth flow regulating valve (9) is connected with a first end of a third heat exchanger (8), and a second end of the third heat exchanger (8) is connected with a third end of the third flow regulating valve (5), the third end of the third heat exchanger (8) is connected with the first end of a ninth flow regulating valve (7), the second end of the ninth flow regulating valve (7) is connected with the third end of the second heat exchanger (4), the fourth end of the third heat exchanger (8) is connected with the fourth end of the second heat exchanger (4), the second end of the third flow regulating valve (5) is connected with the first end of a reheater (6), and the second end of the reheater (6) is connected with a natural gas output main pipe;
the refrigerant expansion power generation area subsystem comprises: mix refrigerant circulation circuit and with mix refrigerant storage tank (11), first mixed refrigerant force (12) and first three-way valve (13) that refrigerant circulation circuit connects in parallel, wherein, mix refrigerant circulation circuit and include: a first end of a second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump (14) is connected with a third end of the first heat exchanger (3), a second end of the second mixed refrigerant pressurizing pump (14) is connected with a first end of a fourth heat exchanger (15), a second end of the fourth heat exchanger (15) is connected with a first end of a fifth heat exchanger (16), a second end of the fifth heat exchanger (16) is connected with a first end of an expander (17), a second end of the expander (17) is connected with a fourth end of the first heat exchanger (3), a third end of the expander (17) is connected with a first end of a generator (10), a second end of the generator (10) is connected with a power supply port, a first end of a sixth flow regulating valve (18) is connected with a third end of the third heat exchanger (8), a second end of the sixth flow regulating valve (18) is connected with a third end of the fourth heat exchanger (15), the fourth end of the fourth heat exchanger (15) is connected with the fourth end of the third heat exchanger (8); a first end of a first three-way valve (13) is connected with a third end of the first heat exchanger (3), a second end of the first three-way valve (13) is connected with a first end of a mixed refrigerant storage tank (11), a second end of the mixed refrigerant storage tank (11) is connected with a first end of a first mixed refrigerant booster pump (12), a second end of the first mixed refrigerant booster pump (12) is connected with a third end of the first three-way valve (13), and a third end of the first three-way valve (13) is connected with a first end of a second mixed refrigerant booster pump (14);
the freezer district subsystem includes: a monocomponent refrigerant circulation circuit, the monocomponent refrigerant circulation circuit comprising: a first end of a first single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump (27) is connected with a fourth end of the third heat exchanger (8), a second end of the first single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump (27) is connected with a first end of a fifth flow regulating valve (28), a second end of the fifth flow regulating valve (28) is connected with a first end of an eighth heat exchanger (29), a second end of the eighth heat exchanger (29) is connected with a third end of the third heat exchanger (8), and a third end of the eighth heat exchanger (29) and a fourth end of the eighth heat exchanger (29) are connected with a cold storage area;
the data center area subsystem includes: a first end of a second three-way valve (21) is connected with a fourth end of the third heat exchanger (8), a second end of the second three-way valve (21) is connected with a first end of a single-component refrigerant storage tank (19), a second end of the single-component refrigerant storage tank (19) is connected with a first end of a second single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump (20), a second end of the second single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump (20) is connected with a third end of the second three-way valve (21), a third end of the second three-way valve (21) is connected with a first end of a sixth heat exchanger (26), a second end of the sixth heat exchanger (26) is connected with a first end of an eighth flow regulating valve (25), a second end of the eighth flow regulating valve (25) is connected with a third end of the third heat exchanger (8), and a third end of the second three-way valve (21) is connected with a first end of a third single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump (22), the second end of the third single-component refrigerant pressurizing pump (22) is connected with the first end of a seventh flow regulating valve (23), the second end of the seventh flow regulating valve (23) is connected with the first end of a seventh heat exchanger (24), the second end of the seventh heat exchanger (24) is connected with the third end of the third heat exchanger (8), the third end of the seventh heat exchanger (24) is connected with a data center, and the fourth end of the seventh heat exchanger (24) is connected with the data center.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the mixed refrigerant circulation loop is filled with mixed refrigerant; and the single-component refrigerant circulation loop is filled with a single-component phase change refrigerant.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the single component refrigerant inlet temperature is from-8 to-12 ℃ and the outlet temperature is from-28 to-34 ℃.
4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the recuperator (6) is a water bath recuperator.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein each heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger.
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| CN111102027B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2024-03-08 | 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 | LNG cold energy cascade utilization system and control method |
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