CN115451647A - Hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with liquefied air energy storage system - Google Patents

Hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with liquefied air energy storage system Download PDF

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CN115451647A
CN115451647A CN202211041778.8A CN202211041778A CN115451647A CN 115451647 A CN115451647 A CN 115451647A CN 202211041778 A CN202211041778 A CN 202211041778A CN 115451647 A CN115451647 A CN 115451647A
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air
hydrogen
heat exchanger
stream
cold
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CN115451647B (en
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童莉葛
杨岩
王立
尹少武
刘传平
张培昆
高婷
金嘉宁
郭亚杰
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/30—Integration in an installation using renewable energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with a liquefied air energy storage system, which comprises an air liquefaction circulation loop, an air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop, an air power generation loop, a cold accumulation unit, a heat accumulation unit and a hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop, wherein the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop is connected with the air power generation loop; the air liquefaction circulation loop forms liquefied air by using cold energy of the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop and the cold accumulation unit; the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop provides cold energy for the air liquefaction circulation loop; the air power generation loop outputs power by utilizing liquid air; the cold accumulation unit recovers cold energy of the air power generation loop and provides cold energy for the air liquefaction circulation loop; the heat storage unit recovers the heat energy of the air liquefaction circulation loop and provides the heat energy for the air power generation loop; the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop precools hydrogen by utilizing cold energy of the air power generation loop, and liquid hydrogen is formed through the hydrogen cryogenic circulation branch. The invention solves the problems of low flexibility, high energy consumption and high cost of liquid hydrogen production and low energy utilization efficiency and economic benefit of the liquefied air energy storage system.

Description

Hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with liquefied air energy storage system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage and hydrogen liquefaction, in particular to a hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with a liquefied air energy storage system.
Background
Due to the serious challenges brought by climate change, hydrogen energy has become one of the powerful choices for helping the united nations to achieve the sustainable development goal. In the future, hydrogen will go deep into more industries and departments to replace traditional energy, which will result in a great increase in hydrogen demand and transportation distance. Storing hydrogen in a low temperature liquid state (about-252.8 ℃) effectively increases the volumetric density of hydrogen storage, and substantially helps to increase the efficiency of hydrogen transport.
The hydrogen liquefaction cycle typically includes two sections, a pre-cooling cycle and a cryogenic cycle of hydrogen. The pre-cooling cycle pre-cools hydrogen gas at near ambient temperature to about-185 ℃. The theoretical minimum work of hydrogen liquefaction is about 3.31 kW.h/kgH 2 . However, in actual production, the liquefaction work of hydrogen is usually 12.5 to 15 kW.h/kgH due to irreversible loss such as heat transfer 2 About 30% of the energy of hydrogen. Therefore, the higher cost of hydrogen liquefaction makes this method of storage and transportation less competitive in the market.
Liquefied air energy storage is a thermal mechanical energy storage method. During off-peak periods of electricity, energy generated by renewable energy sources (i.e., off-peak electricity) is delivered to an air liquefaction plant, air is liquefied at around-195 ℃ and stored in insulated tanks, and when electrical energy is needed, the liquid air can be pumped, heated, and expanded into turbines to generate electricity. The energy storage cost of liquefied air energy storage is relatively low, and the liquefied air energy storage has both cleanliness and flexibility, and will occupy important position in the future energy storage field.
At present, a hydrogen liquefaction circulation system and a liquefied air energy storage system in the prior art are two systems which are independent of each other. The independent hydrogen liquefaction circulating system has high energy consumption and cost and a single operation mode, and the energy utilization efficiency and the economic benefit of the independent liquefied air energy storage system are still to be improved. The prior art lacks a scheme which can combine the two, reduce energy consumption and cost and improve energy utilization efficiency and economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
A brief summary of the disclosure is provided below in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the disclosure. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the disclosure or to delineate the scope of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with a liquefied air energy storage system, which can effectively solve or relieve the problems of low flexibility, high energy consumption, high production cost, low energy utilization efficiency and economic benefit and the like of the conventional liquid hydrogen production.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with a liquefied air energy storage system, characterized in that: the hydrogen liquefaction system comprises an air liquefaction circulation loop, an air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop, an air power generation loop, a cold accumulation unit, a heat accumulation unit and a hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop; the air liquefaction circulation loop comprises a multi-stage air compressor, an interstage air cooler, a second heat exchanger, an air throttle valve, an air-gas separator and an adiabatic liquid-air storage tank, the first air stream compressed and cooled by the multi-stage air compressor and the interstage air cooler is sent to the second heat exchanger to be cooled, the cooled air is throttled by the air throttle valve and then stored in the adiabatic liquid-air storage tank in a liquid state after passing through the air-gas separator; the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop comprises a first heat exchanger, a first air turbine expander and the second heat exchanger, and the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop sends a second air flow which is compressed and cooled by the multistage air compressor and the interstage air cooler to the second heat exchanger after heat exchange of the first heat exchanger and turbine expansion of the first air turbine expander for work and temperature reduction, so as to provide cold energy for the air liquefaction circulation loop; the air power generation loop comprises the heat insulation liquid air storage tank, a cryogenic pump, a third heat exchanger, a multi-stage air turbo-expander, an interstage air heater and a fourth heat exchanger, liquid air in the heat insulation liquid air storage tank is pressurized by the cryogenic pump and then is divided into a third air stream and a fourth air stream, the third air stream exchanges heat with a cold storage medium of the cold storage unit through the third heat exchanger, the fourth air stream exchanges heat with hydrogen of the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop through the fourth heat exchanger, and the third air stream and the fourth air stream after temperature rise output power through the multi-stage air turbo-expander and the interstage air heater; the cold accumulation unit recovers cold energy of the third air stream and provides cold energy for the second heat exchanger; the heat storage unit recovers heat energy of the air liquefaction circulation loop and the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop and provides heat energy for the temperature return of the multistage air turbine expansion machine and the interstage air heater; and the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop comprises a hydrogen compressor, a fourth heat exchanger and a hydrogen copious cooling circulation branch, the hydrogen compressor compresses hydrogen and exchanges heat with a fourth air stream in the fourth heat exchanger to pre-cool the hydrogen, and the hydrogen is subjected to liquid hydrogen formation after the hydrogen copious cooling circulation branch.
Further, the air liquefaction circulation loop further comprises a first air three-way valve, a second air three-way valve and a third air three-way valve; the multi-stage air compressor and inter-stage air cooler comprises a first air compressor, a first air cooler, a second air compressor, a second air cooler, a third air compressor, and a third air cooler; and a second port of the third air three-way valve is connected with an air flow stream at normal temperature and normal pressure, and a third port of the third air three-way valve, the first air compressor, a heat flow stream of the first air cooler, the second air compressor, a heat flow stream of the second air cooler, the third air compressor, a heat flow stream of the third air cooler and a first port of the first air three-way valve are sequentially connected.
Further wherein the second heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger comprised of a first cold stream, a second cold stream, a third cold stream, and a fourth hot stream; the third port of the first air three-way valve, the fourth hot stream of the second heat exchanger, the air throttle valve and the input end of the air-gas-liquid separator are sequentially connected; the first output end of the air-gas-liquid separator, the second cold flow of the second heat exchanger and the third port of the second air three-way valve are sequentially connected; and the second output end of the air-gas-liquid separator is connected with the heat insulation liquid-air storage tank.
Further, the first port of the second air three-way valve is connected with the first port of the third air three-way valve.
Further, cold streams of the first air cooler, the second air cooler and the third air cooler are connected with the heat storage unit to form a circulation loop, and the circulation loop stores compression heat after multi-stage compression.
Further, the first cold flow of the second heat exchanger is connected with the cold accumulation unit to form a circulation loop, and the cold energy stored in the cold accumulation unit is utilized.
Further, the air turbine expansion refrigeration cycle loop further comprises a fourth air compressor and a fourth air cooler, and the second air flow enters the first heat exchanger after being compressed and cooled by the fourth air compressor and the fourth air cooler and is used as a heat flow stream of the first heat exchanger for heat exchange.
Further, a second port of the first air three-way valve, the fourth air compressor, a hot stream of the fourth air cooler, a hot stream of the first heat exchanger, the first air turboexpander, a third cold stream of the second heat exchanger, a cold stream of the first heat exchanger, and a second port of the second air three-way valve are sequentially connected, wherein a second air stream sent to the second heat exchanger after being subjected to heat exchange by the first heat exchanger and work reduction by the turbine expansion of the first air turboexpander is used as a third cold stream of the second heat exchanger.
Further, the air power generation circuit further comprises a fourth air three-way valve and a fifth air three-way valve; the multistage air turboexpander and the interstage air heater comprise a first air heater, a second air turboexpander, a second air heater, a third air turboexpander, a third air heater and a fourth air turboexpander; the first ports of the heat insulation liquid air storage tank, the cryogenic pump and the fourth air three-way valve are sequentially connected; a second port of the fourth air three-way valve, a cold stream of the third heat exchanger and a second port of the fifth air three-way valve are sequentially connected to form a flow passage of the third air stream; a third port of the fourth air three-way valve, a first cold stream of the fourth heat exchanger and a third port of the fifth air three-way valve are sequentially connected to form a flow passage of the fourth air stream; a first port of the fifth air three-way valve, the cold stream of the first air heater, the second air turboexpander, the cold stream of the second air heater, the third air turboexpander, the cold stream of the third air heater, and the fourth air turboexpander are connected in sequence; the hot stream of the third heat exchanger is connected with the cold accumulation unit to form a circulation loop, and the cold quantity of the cold stream of the third heat exchanger is recovered; the hot streams of the first air heater, the second air heater and the third air heater are connected with the heat storage unit to form a circulation loop, and the heat stored in the heat storage unit is utilized.
Further, the hydrogen cryogenic cycle branch comprises a hydrogen turboexpander, a fifth heat exchanger, a sixth heat exchanger, a first hydrogen three-way valve, a second hydrogen three-way valve, a hydrogen throttle valve, a hydrogen gas-liquid separator and a heat-insulation liquid hydrogen storage tank; hydrogen at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the hydrogen compressor, and the hydrogen compressor, the hot flow of the fourth heat exchanger and the first port of the first hydrogen three-way valve are sequentially connected; the second port of the first hydrogen three-way valve, the hot stream of the fifth heat exchanger, the hot stream of the sixth heat exchanger, the hydrogen throttling valve and the input end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator are sequentially connected; the third port of the first hydrogen three-way valve, the hydrogen turbo expander and the third port of the second hydrogen three-way valve are sequentially connected; a first port of the second hydrogen three-way valve, the cold flow of the fifth heat exchanger and the second cold flow of the fourth heat exchanger are sequentially connected; the first output end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator, the cold flow of the sixth heat exchanger and the second port of the second hydrogen three-way valve are sequentially connected; and the second output end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator is connected with the heat-insulating liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Compared with the existing hydrogen liquefaction system, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention changes the flow and the device arrangement of the traditional hydrogen liquefaction system. By integrating with the liquefied air energy storage system, the method can directly utilize the cold energy of part of liquid air to pre-cool hydrogen, can omit the pre-cooling circulation part in the traditional hydrogen liquefaction system, and utilizes the liquefied air energy storage system to pre-cool the hydrogen to a liquid air temperature zone (about-188 ℃).
2) The invention adds the energy storage power generation into the hydrogen liquefaction system to be output as a byproduct. According to the difference of peak-valley electricity prices, the economic benefits brought by energy storage and power generation can further reduce the production cost investment of liquid hydrogen. Similarly, the high-pressure air after precooling the hydrogen can still enter the air power generation loop to output power, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.
3) The invention can change the operation mode through different liquid hydrogen production requirements. The hydrogen liquefaction production is more flexible because the cold energy is concentrated in the electricity utilization valley period for production and storage. The production mode can be changed from continuous production to intermittent production, for example, liquid hydrogen can be continuously produced according to the requirement or only produced in the valley period of the power utilization, and the operation controllability of the whole system is improved.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the disclosure. The dimensions and relative positioning of the elements in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with a liquefied air energy storage system according to the present invention.
Wherein: 10-a first air compressor, 11-a first air cooler, 12-a second air compressor, 13-a second air cooler, 14-a third air compressor, 15-a third air cooler, 16-a first air three-way valve, 17-a fourth air compressor, 18-a fourth air cooler, 19-a first heat exchanger, 20-a first air turboexpander, 21-a second heat exchanger, 22-a second air three-way valve, 23-an air throttle valve, 24-an air-gas-liquid separator, 25-an adiabatic liquid-air storage tank, 26-a third air three-way valve, 30-a cryogenic pump, 31-a fourth air three-way valve, 32-a third heat exchanger, 33-a fifth air three-way valve, 34-a first air heater, 35-a second air turbo expander, 36-a second air heater, 37-a third air turbo expander, 38-a third air heater, 39-a fourth air turbo expander, 40-a heat storage unit, 41-a cold storage unit, 50-a hydrogen compressor, 51-a fourth heat exchanger, 52-a first hydrogen three-way valve, 53-a hydrogen turbo expander, 54-a fifth heat exchanger, 55-a second hydrogen three-way valve, 56-a sixth heat exchanger, 57-a hydrogen throttle valve, 58-a hydrogen gas-liquid separator, 59-an adiabatic liquid hydrogen storage tank, 60-a third hydrogen three-way valve; 100-121-air liquefaction circulation loop and air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop streams, 200-214-air power generation loop streams and 300-315-hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop streams.
Detailed Description
Exemplary disclosures of the present disclosure will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the interest of clarity and conciseness, not all features of an implementation of the present disclosure are described in the specification. It will be appreciated, however, that in the development of any such actual implementation of the disclosure, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another.
Here, it should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present disclosure with unnecessary details, only the piping network structure closely related to the solution according to the present disclosure is shown in the drawings, and other details not so related to the present disclosure are omitted.
It is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the described embodiments, as described below with reference to the drawings. Herein, features between different implementations may be replaced or borrowed where feasible, and one or more features may be omitted in one implementation.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with a liquefied air energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Embodiments of the invention include an air liquefaction cycle loop, an air turbo-expansion refrigeration cycle loop, an air power generation loop, a cold storage unit (41), a heat storage unit (40), and a hydrogen liquefaction cycle loop. The air liquefaction circulation loop is connected with the air power generation loop, the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop, the cold accumulation unit (41) and the heat accumulation unit (40), the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop is connected with the air liquefaction circulation loop and the heat accumulation unit (40), the air power generation loop is connected with the air liquefaction circulation loop, the cold accumulation unit (41), the heat accumulation unit (40) and the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop, and the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop is connected with the air power generation loop. The air liquefaction circulation loop compresses purified air in multiple stages and then sends the compressed air into the heat exchanger for cooling, and the cooled air is throttled and then stored in the heat insulation liquid air storage tank (25) in a liquid state; air in the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop is subjected to heat exchange and turbine expansion work applying cooling through a heat exchanger to provide cold energy for the air liquefaction circulation loop; the air power generation loop pressurizes liquid air in the heat insulation liquid air storage tank (25) through a low-temperature pump (30), divides the liquid air into two streams, respectively exchanges heat with a cold storage medium and hydrogen through a heat exchanger, and outputs electric power in a multi-stage expansion and temperature return mode after temperature rise; the cold accumulation unit (41) recovers most cold energy of the pressurized liquid air through a cold accumulation medium; the heat storage unit (40) recovers the compression heat to supply the air power generation loop with multi-stage expansion temperature return; the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop compresses purified hydrogen and then exchanges heat with part of liquid air in the air power generation loop, and by utilizing the cold energy of the air power generation loop, the steps and devices required by hydrogen liquefaction precooling circulation in the prior art can be directly omitted, and then the hydrogen is subjected to cryogenic circulation and throttling to prepare liquid hydrogen which is stored in the heat-insulation liquid hydrogen storage tank (59).
Furthermore, the air liquefaction circulation loop comprises a third air three-way valve (26), a first air compressor (10), a first air cooler (11), a second air compressor (12), a second air cooler (13), a third air compressor (14), a third air cooler (15), a first air three-way valve (16), a second heat exchanger (21), a second air three-way valve (22), an air throttle valve (23), an air-liquid separator (24) and a heat insulation liquid-air storage tank (25). Further, the air liquefaction circulation loop is connected in the following way: a second port of the third air three-way valve (26) is connected to a purified, ambient air stream 100. And a third port of a third air three-way valve (26), a first air compressor (10), a hot flow stream 102/103 of a first air cooler (11), a second air compressor (12), a hot flow stream 104/105 of a second air cooler (13), a third air compressor (14), a hot flow stream 106/107 of a third air cooler (15) and a first port of a first air three-way valve (16) are sequentially connected. The third port of the first air three-way valve (16), the heat flow strand 115/116 of the second heat exchanger (21), the air throttle valve (23) and the input end of the air-gas-liquid separator (24) are connected in sequence. The first output end of the air-gas-liquid separator (24), the second cold flow 119/120 of the second heat exchanger (21) and the third port of the second air three-way valve (22) are sequentially connected. The first port of the second air three-way valve (22) is connected with the first port of the third air three-way valve (26). The second output end of the air-gas-liquid separator (24) is connected with a heat insulation liquid-air storage tank (25). The cold streams of all the air coolers 11, 13, 15, 18 are connected to a heat storage unit (40) (as shown by the dotted lines) to form a circulation loop, and the compression heat generated by the multi-stage compression process is sent to the heat storage unit (40) to be stored through the circulation loop.
Further, the air turbine expansion refrigeration cycle loop comprises a first air three-way valve (16), a fourth air compressor (17), a fourth air cooler (18), a first heat exchanger (19), a first air turbine expander (20), a second heat exchanger (21) and a second air three-way valve (22). Further, the air turbine expansion refrigeration cycle loop is connected in the following way: and a second port of the first air three-way valve (16), a fourth air compressor (17), a hot flow stream 109/110 of a fourth air cooler (18), a hot flow stream 110/111 of a first heat exchanger (19), a first air turboexpander (20), a third cold flow stream 112/113 of a second heat exchanger (21), a cold flow stream 113/114 of the first heat exchanger (19) and a second port of a second air three-way valve (22) are sequentially connected. The first cold stream 121/122 of the second heat exchanger (21) is connected with the cold accumulation unit (41) to form a circulation loop, a cold accumulation medium in the cold accumulation unit (41) enters the second heat exchanger (21) through the stream 121 to provide cold energy, and the cold accumulation medium after temperature return returns to the cold accumulation unit (41) through the stream 122.
In this embodiment, the air stream 114 after being used for air expansion refrigeration and the flash steam stream 120 not being liquefied are merged by the second air three-way valve (22), and then enter the third air three-way valve (26), and then are used as air before compression together with the purified air stream 100 at normal temperature and normal pressure. Obviously, the mass flow rate of air stream 100 should be the same as the mass flow rate of liquid air stream 118, so that stable production of liquid air can be ensured. The air flow 107 after the multi-stage compression and intermediate cooling enters a first air three-way valve (16), and the air flow 107 is air with medium pressure and approximate normal temperature. Air stream 107 enters a first air three-way valve (16) and is split into two parts, one part serving as the working medium 108 of the air turboexpansion refrigeration cycle and the other part serving as stream 115 to be liquefied. The working medium 108 of the air turbine expansion refrigeration cycle reduces the unit production energy consumption of the liquid air as much as possible by means of pressurization cooling. The first heat exchanger (19) serves to further reduce the temperature of the working medium prior to its entry into the first air turboexpander 20. The expanded reduced temperature working medium 112 enters the second heat exchanger (21) as a third cold stream 112/113 to provide cold energy to stream 115 to be liquefied. The first cold stream 121/122 and the second cold stream 119/120 of the second heat exchanger (21) are respectively the cold storage medium 121/122 of the cold storage unit (41) and the flash steam stream 119/120 which is not liquefied in the air-gas-liquid separator (24). The stream 116 to be liquefied, which is cooled by the second heat exchanger (21), is further depressurized and cooled by the joule-thompson effect of the air throttle valve (23), enters the air-gas-liquid separator (24), then the liquefied air stream 118 flowing out of the air-gas-liquid separator (24) enters the adiabatic liquid-air storage tank (25), and the flash steam stream 119 which is not liquefied enters the second heat exchanger (21).
Preferably, the heat storage medium of the heat storage unit (40) is generally heat conduction oil, and may be other heat storage media, such as propane, molten salt, and the like, and the cold storage medium of the cold storage unit (41) is generally propane, and may be other cold storage media, such as heat conduction oil, ethylene glycol, other alkanes, and the like.
In this embodiment, both the air liquefaction cycle loop and the air turbine expansion refrigeration cycle loop operate during the power consumption valley period. Different from the liquefied air energy storage system in the prior art, the liquefied air energy storage system improves the energy storage part of the liquefied air energy storage system in the prior art, namely the air liquefaction circulation loop and the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop in the embodiment, so that continuous and quantitative production and storage of liquid air can be ensured.
Further, the air power generation circuit comprises a heat insulation liquid-air storage tank (25), a low-temperature pump (30), a fourth air three-way valve (31), a third heat exchanger (32), a fifth air three-way valve (33), a first air heater (34), a second air turboexpander (35), a second air heater (36), a third air turboexpander (37), a third air heater (38), a fourth air turboexpander (39) and a fourth heat exchanger (51).
Further, the air power generation circuit is connected in the following manner: the first ports of the heat insulation liquid air storage tank (25), the cryogenic pump (30) and the fourth air three-way valve (31) are connected in sequence. And a second port of the fourth air three-way valve (31), a cold flow 202/203 of the third heat exchanger (32) and a second port of the fifth air three-way valve (33) are sequentially connected. A first port of a fifth air three-way valve (33), a cold stream 208/209 of a first air heater (34), a second air turboexpander (35), a cold stream 210/211 of a second air heater (36), a third air turboexpander (37), a cold stream 212/213 of a third air heater (38) and a fourth air turboexpander (39) are connected in sequence. And a third port of a fourth air three-way valve (31), a first cold flow 206/207 of a fourth heat exchanger (51) in the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop and a third port of a fifth air three-way valve (33) are sequentially connected. The hot stream 204/205 of the third heat exchanger (32) is connected with the cold accumulation unit (41) to form a circulation loop, the cold accumulation medium stored in the temperature return of the cold accumulation unit (41) enters the third heat exchanger (32) through the stream 205 to absorb the cold energy of the liquid air in the cold stream 202, the cooled cold accumulation medium enters the cold accumulation unit (41) through the stream 204, and the absorbed cold energy is stored in the cold accumulation unit (41). The hot fluid streams of all the air heaters 34, 36, 38 are connected to a heat storage unit (40) (shown by chain lines) to form a circulation loop, and the cold fluid streams of the air heaters 34, 36, 38 are heated by the heat stored in the heat storage unit (40).
In this embodiment, the normal pressure liquid air 200 in the heat insulation liquid air storage tank (25) is pressurized to a high pressure by the cryopump (30) and then enters the first port of the fourth air three-way valve (31). The fourth air three-way valve (31) divides the high-pressure liquid air into two parts, one part exchanges heat with the cold accumulation medium of the cold accumulation unit 41 through the stream 202, and the other part enters the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop through the stream 206 and precools the hydrogen. The two streams are heat exchanged and then combined into a fifth air three-way valve (33) via stream 203 and stream 207, and then passed via stream 208 to air heaters 34, 36, 38 and air turbo- expanders 35, 37, 39 in sequence to output power at intermediate rewarming of the multi-stage expansion.
Further, hydrogen liquefaction circulation circuit includes third hydrogen three-way valve (60), hydrogen compressor (50), fourth heat exchanger (51) and hydrogen cryrogenic circulation branch road, hydrogen cryrogenic circulation branch road includes first hydrogen three-way valve (52), hydrogen turboexpander (53), fifth heat exchanger (54), second hydrogen three-way valve (55), sixth heat exchanger (56), hydrogen choke valve (57), hydrogen vapour and liquid separator (58), adiabatic liquid hydrogen storage tank (59).
Further, the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop is connected in the following way: and the second port of the third hydrogen three-way valve (60), the hydrogen compressor (50), the hot stream 302/303 of the fourth heat exchanger (51) and the first port of the first hydrogen three-way valve (52) of the hydrogen cryogenic cycle branch are sequentially connected. In the hydrogen cryogenic circulation branch, the second port of the first hydrogen three-way valve (52), the heat flow strand 304/305 of the fifth heat exchanger (54), the heat flow strand 305/306 of the sixth heat exchanger (56), the hydrogen throttle valve (57) and the input end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator (58) are sequentially connected. The third port of the first hydrogen three-way valve (52), the third port of the hydrogen turbo expander (53) and the third port of the second hydrogen three-way valve (55) are connected in sequence. And a first port of a second hydrogen three-way valve (55), a cold flow stream 313/314 of a fifth heat exchanger (54), a second cold flow stream 314/315 of a fourth heat exchanger (51) and a first port of a third hydrogen three-way valve (60) are sequentially connected. The first output end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator (58), the cold flow strand 309/310 of the sixth heat exchanger (56) and the second port of the second hydrogen three-way valve (55) are connected in sequence. The second output end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator (58) is connected with a heat-insulating liquid hydrogen storage tank (59).
Specifically, in this embodiment, the stream 300 is the hydrogen fed at normal temperature and normal pressure, and enters the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop from the third port of the third hydrogen three-way valve (60), and the stream 315 is the hydrogen flowing back, and enters the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop from the first port of the third hydrogen three-way valve (60). The two streams are combined and exit the second port of the third hydrogen three-way valve (60) and stream 301 is pressurized as feed to the hydrogen compressor (50). And the pressurized hydrogen stream 302 enters a fourth heat exchanger (51) to exchange heat with a first cold stream 206/207 and a second cold stream 314/315 of the fourth heat exchanger (51) and then is pre-cooled, and a pre-cooled hydrogen stream 303 enters a hydrogen cryogenic circulation branch for further cooling and liquefaction. The precooled hydrogen is divided into two parts by the first hydrogen three-way valve (52), one part of hydrogen flows out from the second port of the first hydrogen three-way valve (52) and sequentially passes through the fifth heat exchanger (54) and the sixth heat exchanger (56) for heat exchange, the pressure is further reduced and the temperature is reduced by the Joule-Thompson effect of the hydrogen throttle valve (57), the hydrogen flows enter the hydrogen-gas separator (58), then the liquid hydrogen flow 308 flowing out of the hydrogen-gas separator (58) enters the heat insulation liquid hydrogen storage tank (59), and the flash steam flow 309 which is not liquefied enters the sixth heat exchanger (56) as cold fluid for heat exchange. And the other part of hydrogen flows out from a third port of the first hydrogen three-way valve (52) and enters a hydrogen turboexpander (53) for expansion and temperature reduction. And the flash steam flow 310 after heat exchange through the sixth heat exchanger (56) enters a second port of the second hydrogen three-way valve (55), and the hydrogen flow 312 after expansion and temperature reduction enters a third port of the second hydrogen three-way valve (55). The confluence of the two flows out from a first port of a second hydrogen three-way valve (55), a return hydrogen flow 313 sequentially enters a fifth heat exchanger (54) and a fourth heat exchanger (51) to be used as cold fluid to provide cold energy, and a return hydrogen flow 315 with a returned temperature is used as a part of fed hydrogen and enters a hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop from a first port of a third hydrogen three-way valve (60).
It is understood that in the present embodiment, the definitions of the hot and cold streams in the air cooler, air heater, heat exchanger, cold storage unit (41), and heat storage unit (40) are opposite, i.e. in the same plant, the stream with the highest inlet temperature is defined as the hot stream and the remaining streams as the cold streams.
Preferably, the heat exchanger of the present invention may be a plate-fin heat exchanger, or may be other heat exchangers, such as a wound-tube heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the like.
In the present embodiment, the split ratio of the fourth air three-way valve (31) is switched depending on the operation period of the hydrogen liquefaction system. For example, in a continuous production mode, that is, the hydrogen liquefaction system is continuously producing for 24h, when the peak period of power utilization occurs, all ports of the fourth air three-way valve (31) and the fifth air three-way valve (33) should be opened, and the flow rates of the second port and the third port of the fourth air three-way valve (31) should be adjusted according to the cold energy required in the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop and the cold energy required in the air liquefaction circulation loop in combination with the actual conditions, at this time, the streams 202/203, 206/207 are circulated by air and merged into the air heaters 34, 36, 38 and the air turbo expanders 35, 37, 39 through the fifth air three-way valve (33) to output power at intermediate multi-stage expansion temperatures; when in the valley or flat period of electricity, only the second port of the fourth air three-way valve (31) and the second port of the fifth air three-way valve (33) are closed, all the rest ports are opened, only the stream 206/207 is circulated, liquid air is only used as precooled hydrogen, and the liquid air sequentially enters the air heater and the air turbo-expander through the fifth air three-way valve (33) to output electricity by multi-stage expansion and intermediate temperature return. It should be understood that, since the air liquefaction circulation loop and the air turboexpansion refrigeration circulation loop both operate in the electricity-using valley period, in the liquid hydrogen continuous production mode, the air liquefaction circulation loop should ensure that the liquid air quantity required for hydrogen precooling and power generation is supplied for one period (i.e. 24h consisting of flat, peak and valley) during the electricity-using valley period.
In the intermittent production mode, liquid hydrogen is produced only during the off-peak hours of electricity usage, based on production tasks and schedules. When the power consumption peak period is in, only the third port of the fourth air three-way valve (31) and the third port of the fifth air three-way valve (33) are closed, and all the rest ports are opened, only stream 202/203 flows through air, liquid air does not pre-cool hydrogen, cold energy is recycled through the third heat exchanger (32), and the liquid air sequentially enters the air heater and the air turbo expander through the fifth air three-way valve (33) to output electric power by multi-stage expansion intermediate temperature return; when the electricity utilization period is in a power utilization period, the air power generation loop and the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop do not work, so that all ports of the fourth air three-way valve (31) and the fifth air three-way valve (33) are in a closed state, and the streams 202/203, 206/207 have no air circulation; when in the electricity utilization valley period, only the second port of the fourth air three-way valve (31) and the second port of the fifth air three-way valve (33) are closed, all the other ports are opened, only the flow 206/207 is circulated with air, liquid air is used as precooled hydrogen, and the air enters the air heater and the air turboexpander in sequence through the fifth air three-way valve (33) to output electricity by multi-stage expansion intermediate temperature return.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen liquefaction cycle is represented by a Claude cycle for the cryogenic cycle of the hydrogen liquefaction cycle. It should be understood that the present invention focuses on the combination of the liquefied air energy storage system and the hydrogen liquefaction system, and therefore, it is within the scope of the present invention to liquefy the precooled hydrogen gas in any other manner. The fourth to sixth heat exchangers 51, 54, 56 are filled with an ortho-para hydrogen conversion catalyst to ensure that the para-hydrogen content in the final liquid hydrogen is over 95 percent.
In conclusion, through this embodiment with liquefied air energy storage system and hydrogen liquefaction system effective combination, can carry out energy storage electricity generation when producing liquid hydrogen to this can improve entire system's economic benefits. Meanwhile, by means of the switch arrangement of the air three-way valve, the liquid air and the liquid hydrogen can be flexibly controlled and produced and the electric power can be output in different power consumption periods. Therefore, the invention can realize a hydrogen liquefaction system integrated with a liquefied air energy storage system.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea and structural features of the present invention and are intended to be implemented by those skilled in the art, but the above contents do not limit the scope of the present invention, and any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the technical features of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
While the disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these descriptions are intended in an illustrative rather than in a limiting sense. Various modifications and alterations of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the spirit and principles of this disclosure, and such modifications and alterations are also within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A hydrogen liquefaction system of integrated liquefied air energy storage system which characterized in that:
the hydrogen liquefaction system comprises an air liquefaction circulation loop, an air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop, an air power generation loop, a cold accumulation unit, a heat accumulation unit and a hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop;
the air liquefaction circulation loop comprises a multi-stage air compressor, an interstage air cooler, a second heat exchanger, an air throttle valve, an air-gas-liquid separator and a heat insulation liquid-air storage tank, the air liquefaction circulation loop sends a first air flow which is compressed and cooled by the multi-stage air compressor and the interstage air cooler to the second heat exchanger for cooling, the cooled air is throttled by the air throttle valve and then stored in the heat insulation liquid-air storage tank in a liquid state after passing through the air-gas-liquid separator;
the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop comprises a first heat exchanger, a first air turbine expander and a second heat exchanger, and the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop sends a second air flow which is compressed and cooled by the multistage air compressor and the interstage air cooler to the second heat exchanger after heat exchange by the first heat exchanger and turbine expansion work cooling by the first air turbine expander, so as to provide cold energy for the air liquefaction circulation loop;
the air power generation loop comprises the heat insulation liquid air storage tank, a cryogenic pump, a third heat exchanger, a multistage air turbo expander, an interstage air heater and a fourth heat exchanger, the air power generation loop divides liquid air in the heat insulation liquid air storage tank into a third air stream and a fourth air stream after being pressurized by the cryogenic pump, the third air stream exchanges heat with a cold storage medium of the cold storage unit through the third heat exchanger, the fourth air stream exchanges heat with hydrogen of the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop through the fourth heat exchanger, and the third air stream and the fourth air stream after being heated output power through the multistage air turbo expander and the interstage air heater;
the cold accumulation unit recovers cold energy of the third air stream and provides cold energy for the second heat exchanger;
the heat storage unit recovers heat energy of the air liquefaction circulation loop and the air turbine expansion refrigeration circulation loop and provides heat energy for the temperature return of the multistage air turbine expansion machine and the interstage air heater; and
the hydrogen liquefaction circulation loop includes the hydrogen compressor the cryrogenic circulation branch road of fourth heat exchanger, hydrogen, the hydrogen compressor is in after with hydrogen compression in the fourth heat exchanger with the fourth air stream carries out the heat exchange with the precooling hydrogen, passes through again form liquid hydrogen behind the cryrogenic circulation branch road of hydrogen.
2. The hydrogen liquefaction system of integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the air liquefaction cycle loop further comprises a first air three-way valve, a second air three-way valve, and a third air three-way valve;
the multi-stage air compressor and inter-stage air cooler comprises a first air compressor, a first air cooler, a second air compressor, a second air cooler, a third air compressor, and a third air cooler; and
the second port of the third air three-way valve is connected with an air flow stream at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the third port of the third air three-way valve, the first air compressor, the heat flow stream of the first air cooler, the second air compressor, the heat flow stream of the second air cooler, the third air compressor, the heat flow stream of the third air cooler and the first port of the first air three-way valve are sequentially connected.
3. The hydrogen liquefaction system of the integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the second heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger comprised of a first cold stream, a second cold stream, a third cold stream, and a fourth hot stream;
the third port of the first air three-way valve, the fourth hot stream of the second heat exchanger, the air throttle valve and the input end of the air-gas-liquid separator are sequentially connected;
the first output end of the air-gas-liquid separator, the second cold flow of the second heat exchanger and the third port of the second air three-way valve are sequentially connected; and
and the second output end of the air-gas-liquid separator is connected with the heat insulation liquid-air storage tank.
4. The hydrogen liquefaction system of integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the first port of the second air three-way valve is connected with the first port of the third air three-way valve.
5. The hydrogen liquefaction system of the integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 2, wherein cold streams of the first air cooler, the second air cooler and the third air cooler are connected to the heat storage unit to form a circulation loop to store compression heat through multi-stage compression.
6. The hydrogen liquefaction system of integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the first cold stream of the second heat exchanger is connected to the cold storage unit to form a circulation loop to utilize the cold stored in the cold storage unit.
7. The hydrogen liquefaction system of integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the air turboexpansion refrigeration cycle further comprises a fourth air compressor and a fourth air cooler, and the second air stream enters the first heat exchanger after being compressed and cooled by the fourth air compressor and the fourth air cooler and exchanges heat with the first heat exchanger as a hot stream of the first heat exchanger.
8. The hydrogen liquefaction system of the integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 7, wherein the second port of the first air three-way valve, the fourth air compressor, the hot stream of the fourth air cooler, the hot stream of the first heat exchanger, the first air turboexpander, the third cold stream of the second heat exchanger, the cold stream of the first heat exchanger, and the second port of the second air three-way valve are sequentially connected, wherein the second air stream sent to the second heat exchanger after performing work cooling through the heat exchange of the first heat exchanger and the turboexpansion of the first air turboexpander is used as the third cold stream of the second heat exchanger.
9. The hydrogen liquefaction system of integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the air power generation circuit further comprises a fourth air three-way valve and a fifth air three-way valve;
the multistage air turboexpander and the interstage air heater comprise a first air heater, a second air turboexpander, a second air heater, a third air turboexpander, a third air heater and a fourth air turboexpander;
the first ports of the heat-insulation liquid-air storage tank, the cryogenic pump and the fourth air three-way valve are sequentially connected; a second port of the fourth air three-way valve, a cold stream of the third heat exchanger and a second port of the fifth air three-way valve are sequentially connected to form a flow passage of the third air stream; a third port of the fourth air three-way valve, a first cold stream of the fourth heat exchanger and a third port of the fifth air three-way valve are sequentially connected to form a flow channel of the fourth air stream;
a first port of the fifth air three-way valve, the cold stream of the first air heater, the second air turboexpander, the cold stream of the second air heater, the third air turboexpander, the cold stream of the third air heater, and the fourth air turboexpander are connected in sequence; and
the hot stream of the third heat exchanger is connected with the cold accumulation unit to form a circulation loop, and the cold quantity of the cold stream of the third heat exchanger is recovered; the hot streams of the first air heater, the second air heater and the third air heater are connected with the heat storage unit to form a circulation loop, and the heat stored in the heat storage unit is utilized.
10. The hydrogen liquefaction system of an integrated liquefied air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen cryogenic cycle branch comprises a hydrogen turboexpander, a fifth heat exchanger, a sixth heat exchanger, a first hydrogen three-way valve, a second hydrogen three-way valve, a hydrogen throttle valve, a hydrogen gas-liquid separator, and a thermally insulated liquid hydrogen storage tank;
hydrogen at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the hydrogen compressor, and the hydrogen compressor, the hot flow of the fourth heat exchanger and the first port of the first hydrogen three-way valve are sequentially connected;
the second port of the first hydrogen three-way valve, the hot stream of the fifth heat exchanger, the hot stream of the sixth heat exchanger, the hydrogen throttling valve and the input end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator are sequentially connected;
the third port of the first hydrogen three-way valve, the hydrogen turboexpander and the third port of the second hydrogen three-way valve are sequentially connected;
the first port of the second hydrogen three-way valve, the cold flow of the fifth heat exchanger and the second cold flow of the fourth heat exchanger are sequentially connected;
the first output end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator, the cold flow of the sixth heat exchanger and the second port of the second hydrogen three-way valve are sequentially connected; and
and the second output end of the hydrogen gas-liquid separator is connected with the heat-insulating liquid hydrogen storage tank.
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