CN211952767U - Bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge - Google Patents
Bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN211952767U CN211952767U CN201922153894.9U CN201922153894U CN211952767U CN 211952767 U CN211952767 U CN 211952767U CN 201922153894 U CN201922153894 U CN 201922153894U CN 211952767 U CN211952767 U CN 211952767U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a can self-sustained incineration low heat value mud bubbling type internal circulation fluidized bed burn burning furnace, for realizing this purpose, the utility model discloses a bottom of the furnace hall of bubbling type internal circulation fluidized bed burn burning furnace is equipped with water-cooling grid plate, is equipped with the plenum in the lower part of water-cooling grid plate, plenum and some firearm hookups, and lower sediment pipe passes through the lower sediment ware of plenum hookup outside the stove from water-cooling grid plate. The furnace chamber is arranged longitudinally and is divided into a dense-phase area, a dilute-phase area and a transition area from bottom to top, and the functions of low-temperature gasification of dry sludge, high-temperature combustion, internal circulation of fuel and the like are respectively realized. The wind chamber has a primary wind pipe connected with a primary fan, the dense-phase region of the furnace chamber has a secondary wind pipe connected with a secondary fan, the top opening of the furnace body is connected with a cyclone dust collector, and the discharge flue of the cyclone dust collector is sequentially provided with a wind distribution chamber and a smoke secondary purified gas-solid separator. The utility model discloses simple structure does not add auxiliary fuel and can realize the self-sustaining burning.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the utility model belongs to the technical field of sludge treatment, concretely relates to fluidized bed incinerator.
Background art:
the urban sludge problem is increasingly acute along with the urbanization process, and has become a social problem which is concerned by the public and has higher pressure in government departments. The treatment of sludge reduction, stabilization, harmlessness and reclamation is a need for realizing sustainable development and environmental protection.
In the existing sludge treatment technology, the main adopted process method comprises the following steps: sludge landfill, compost agriculture, anaerobic digestion, sludge incineration and the like.
The incineration can lead the combustible components in the sludge to be fully combusted at high temperature, and finally the sludge becomes stable ash. The burning method has the advantages of volume reduction, high weight reduction rate, high treatment speed, thorough harmless treatment, reutilization of waste heat and the like. The main purpose of incineration is to incinerate the waste as much as possible, make the incinerated substance harmless and reduce the volume to the maximum extent, and reduce the generation of new pollutants as much as possible, avoiding the secondary pollution. Researches show that when the average heat value of the sludge entering the furnace and the auxiliary fuel is more than 7000 kJ/kg, the stability of the combustion process and the realization of complete combustion can be ensured.
The sludge dry basis heat value of developed countries such as Japan, Italy, Germany, America and the like is higher, the mean value is 15-19 MJ/kg, the mean value of the sludge dry basis heat value of cities in China is about 11MJ/kg, and compared with developed countries such as Europe and America, the sludge dry basis heat value of China is 22.4-37.7% lower. Meanwhile, the domestic sewage plant and the foreign sludge still have high water content, and the water content of the dewatered and concentrated sludge is basically more than 80%.
In recent years, with the development of sludge treatment technology in China, sludge dewatering and drying processes are obviously improved, but the sludge drying is at the cost of a large amount of heat energy consumption. Researches show that the municipal sludge in China is firstly dehydrated to the dry sludge with the water content of about 65-70% and then dried to the dry sludge with the water content of about 20%, and the heat generated by sludge incineration can meet the heat required by the dry sludge. Thus, the purposes of sludge reduction, energy conservation and environmental protection can be realized.
However, even if the sludge is dried to the water content of about 20%, the average heat value of the sludge in China is only 7000-8000 kj/kg, the requirement of the theoretical self-sustaining combustion of the sludge can be just met, and the self-sustaining combustion is difficult to realize without adding auxiliary fuel in actual engineering and existing equipment.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the provided bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge has a simple structure, and can realize self-sustaining combustion without adding auxiliary fuel.
The utility model discloses a realize that the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose adopted is: a self-sustaining low-calorific-value sludge bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator relates to an incinerator body, wherein the top of the incinerator body is provided with an opening, the inside of the incinerator body is a furnace chamber, the furnace chamber is longitudinally arranged and is divided into a dense-phase region, a dilute-phase region and a transition region from bottom to top, and the internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator is characterized in that a water-cooling air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the furnace chamber, an air chamber is arranged at the lower part of the water-cooling air distribution plate and is connected with an igniter, and a slag discharge pipe is connected to the outside of the furnace chamber from; the wind chamber has primary wind pipe connected to the primary fan, and the dense-phase area of the furnace chamber has secondary wind pipe connected to the secondary fan.
The bubbling type internal circulation fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustained incineration of low-calorific-value sludge is characterized in that an opening in the top of the incinerator body is connected with a cyclone dust collector, and an outlet flue of the cyclone dust collector is provided with an air distribution chamber and a gas-solid separator for secondary purification of smoke dust.
The incinerator body is externally provided with a dry sludge storage bin and a dry sludge quantitative feeder with seeding air according to needs, and the feeder is communicated with the bottom of a dense-phase area of the incinerator body. The upper side and the lower side of the water-cooling air distribution plate are covered with refractory material layers, the water-cooling air distribution plate is composed of air caps which are uniformly arranged and a plurality of water-cooling pipes which are arranged in parallel, the air cap openings are arranged in an upper layer or a lower layer or a plurality of layers, and the air cap openings have declination angles.
The slag discharging pipe is provided with a slag discharging port in the middle of the water-cooling air distribution plate, penetrates through the air chamber and is connected with the vibration slag discharging device, and the slag discharging pipe is provided with a water-cooling sleeve.
The dense-phase region of the furnace chamber is a dry mud gasification region, the dilute-phase region is a gasified gas combustion region, and the transition region is a region in front of a flue on the top of the furnace after the gasified gas is incinerated at high temperature.
The secondary air pipe is divided into a main air pipe and branch air pipes, the main air pipe is connected with a secondary fan, the incinerator body is connected with a plurality of branch air pipes, the branch air pipes are communicated with the main air pipe, and the branch air pipes are arranged to ensure that secondary air is sprayed into the hearth in a tangential mode.
The air distribution chamber is a device capable of automatically adjusting the amount of air distributed, and the secondary purification gas-solid separator is a dust remover capable of bearing the temperature of 300-350 ℃ and the dust removal efficiency can reach more than 99%.
The dry sludge storage bin is a cylindrical container with a cone at the bottom, a blanking device capable of adjusting the amount of the dry sludge is arranged at a blanking port of the cone, an access pipe for the seeding air is arranged at the front end of the feeder, and the feeder is a variable-frequency spiral feeder with the seeding air.
The utility model discloses compare with burning furnace of the same kind, have apparent technological effect:
1. the utility model discloses the furnace hearth is longitudinal arrangement, divide into dense phase district from bottom to top from bottom, dilute phase district and transition district, dense phase district is dry mud gasification district, makes gasification process go on under the condition that is less than theoretical oxygen volume through the injection volume of control air, heats sludge to certain temperature, utilizes organic matter thermal cracking and thermochemical conversion reaction in the temperature drive mud, makes sludge transformation pyrolysis gas and combustible substance such as coke, because the utility model discloses the burning temperature that dense phase district required is low, for the oxygen deficiency burning, and once the amount of wind supply is little, and the temperature in easy dense phase district is stable and realizes low heat value mud (mud dry basis calorific capacity 11Mj/kg, below the water content 25%) self-sustaining burning. The dilute phase zone is a gasified gas combustion zone, in the zone, the gasified gas is fully combusted under the condition of reasonable excess air by controlling the injection amount of secondary air, the combustion temperature of the gasified gas is high, and the dioxin generated in the reaction process is completely decomposed; the transition zone is an area before the gasified gas enters the flue of the furnace top after being burned at high temperature, the gasified gas which is not burned out is further burned in the area, and fuel particles which are not burned out in the furnace fall back to the dense-phase zone to form internal circulation of the fuel in the furnace hearth, so that the self-sustaining combustion can be realized without adding auxiliary fuel.
2. The upper and lower sides of the water-cooling air distribution plate at the bottom of the furnace chamber are covered with refractory materials for protecting the water-cooling air distribution plate, and the upper and lower sides of the water-cooling air distribution plate are used for reducing the heat absorption of the water-cooling air distribution plate in the ignition process. The water-cooling air distribution plate consists of air caps which are uniformly arranged and a plurality of water-cooling pipes which are arranged in parallel, the openings of the air caps are arranged in an upper layer or a lower layer or a plurality of layers, and the openings have a certain declination angle, so that the uniform air distribution and the no backflow of bed materials are ensured; the air chamber is a relatively large space and is used for eliminating the pressure fluctuation of the primary fan and ensuring the stable operation of the fluidized bed. The inner side of the wind chamber furnace wall is provided with a fire-resistant layer, the middle is provided with a heat-preservation pouring material, the outer side is provided with an aluminum silicate fiber board, and the outermost side is provided with a carbon steel shell. The utility model discloses the scum pipe sets up the row's cinder notch at water-cooling air distributor middle part, and the scum pipe passes the plenum and is connected with the vibration row sediment device, and the scum pipe has the water-cooling sleeve pipe and is arranged in absorbing the heat in the slag.
3. The utility model discloses the plenum links to each other with some firearm, adopts the hot flue gas bed to ignite the technique down, and the wind gets into the plenum from some firearm export and two routes of the associative wind tuber pipe of the wind chamber, and the amount of wind of two routes can be adjusted each other. When igniting, the air quantity can be automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the outlet of the igniter and the temperature of the air chamber, and the bed igniter can also be used for local baking of a hearth of the incinerator.
4. The utility model discloses the wind regime of once wind and overgrate air need not be through the heating of air preheater, and the overgrate air divide into the multichannel behind the house steward to furnace is spouted into to the tangent circle mode. The air distribution chamber is a device capable of automatically adjusting the air distribution amount, and high-temperature flue gas discharged by the furnace body and the air distribution are fully mixed to reach a target temperature without arranging traditional equipment such as a heating surface, an air preheater and the like; the gas-solid separator for secondary purification is a dust remover which can bear the temperature of 300-350 ℃ and has the dust removal efficiency of more than 99%.
5. The utility model discloses dry sludge storage storehouse is the cylindrical container of this cone in bottom, at the feed opening of cone, is equipped with the lower glassware of adjustable dry sludge mud volume size, and the front end of dispenser has the access pipe of broadcast material wind, and when adding fuel for the furnace body, the dispenser blows in broadcast material wind to the stove simultaneously, and the dispenser is for having broadcast material wind frequency conversion spiral.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the incinerator of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the incinerator with feeding and tail gas treatment.
Fig. 3 is the schematic view of the structure of the water-cooling air distribution plate of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic view of the structure of the hood of the water-cooling air distribution plate of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises an incinerator 1, a water-cooling air distribution plate 2, an air chamber 3, an igniter 4, a slag discharge pipe 5, a vibrating slag discharger 6, a primary fan 7, a secondary fan 8, a cyclone dust collector 9, an air distribution chamber 10, a gas-solid separator 11, a dry sludge storage bin 12, a feeder 13, a feeder 14 and an access pipe 15,
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments:
example 1
A self-sustained low-calorific-value sludge bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, a water-cooling air distribution plate 2 is arranged at the bottom of a furnace chamber, an air chamber 3 is arranged at the lower part of the water-cooling air distribution plate 2, the air chamber 3 is connected with an igniter 4, and a slag discharge pipe 5 is connected with a vibrating slag extractor 6 outside the furnace chamber from the water-cooling air distribution plate 2 through the air chamber 3. The furnace hearth is arranged longitudinally and is divided into a dense-phase area 101, a dilute-phase area 102 and a transition area 103 from bottom to top, a primary air pipe of the air chamber 3 is connected with the primary fan 7, and a secondary air pipe of the dense-phase area of the furnace hearth is connected with the secondary fan 8.
Example 2
As shown in figure 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, the incinerator body is provided with an opening at the top thereof connected with a cyclone dust collector 9, and an outlet flue of the cyclone dust collector is provided with an air distribution chamber 10 and a gas-solid separator 11 for secondary purification of smoke dust. The bubbling internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator for self-sustained incineration of low-calorific-value sludge also comprises a dry sludge storage bin 12 connected with the incinerator body. The dry sludge storage bin 12 is a cylindrical container with a cone at the bottom, a feeder 14 capable of adjusting the amount of dry sludge is arranged at the feed opening of the cone, the front end of the feeder is provided with a feed wind inlet pipe 15, the feeder blows feed wind into the furnace simultaneously when fuel is added to the furnace body, the feeder is a variable frequency screw feeder 13 with feed wind, and dry sludge is quantitatively fed as required.
The furnace hearth is longitudinally arranged, and is divided into a dense-phase area 101 from bottom to top, the injection amount of primary air enables the gasification process to be carried out under the condition of being lower than the theoretical oxygen amount, sludge is heated to a certain temperature, organic matter thermal cracking and thermochemical conversion reaction in temperature-driven sludge are utilized, and the sludge is converted into combustible materials such as pyrolysis gas and coke, because the utility model discloses the burning temperature that dense-phase area 101 requires is low, and for the oxygen deficiency burning, the primary air volume supply amount is little, and the temperature stability of easy dense-phase area 101 realizes the self-sustaining combustion of low-heat-value sludge (sludge dry basis calorific value 11Mj/kg, water content is below 25%). The dilute phase zone 102 is a gasified gas combustion zone, in the zone, the gasified gas is fully combusted under the condition of reasonable excess air by controlling the injection amount of secondary air, the combustion temperature of the gasified gas is high, and the dioxin generated in the reaction process is completely decomposed; the transition zone 103 is the area before the top flue where the gasified gas after high temperature incineration enters, in which the unburnt gasified gas is further combusted and the unburnt fuel particles in the furnace fall back to the dense phase zone 101, forming the internal circulation of the fuel in the furnace hearth.
This embodiment is used for the sludge treatment trade, and the moisture content 85% ~ 88%'s that comes from the water treatment plant mud is through mechanical dehydration and drying after, and dry mud moisture content is 15~25%, send into the dry mud after the drying dry sludge storage storehouse send into can self-sustaining burn low heat value mud bubbling formula internal circulation fluidized bed incinerator according to the requirement and burn, the hot flue gas that produces after burning passes through can self-sustaining burn low heat value mud bubbling formula internal circulation fluidized bed incinerator's primary purification, joins in marriage wind and secondary purification back as the dry heat source of mud.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1 or 2, as shown in fig. 3, the upper and lower sides of the water-cooled air distribution plate 2 at the bottom of the furnace hearth are covered with refractory materials for reducing the heat absorption of the water-cooled air distribution plate 2 in the ignition process. The water-cooling air distribution plate 2 consists of air caps 201 (figure 4) which are uniformly arranged and a plurality of water-cooling pipes 203 which are arranged in parallel, the openings 202 of the air caps are arranged in an upper layer or a lower layer or a plurality of layers, and the openings have a certain declination angle, so that the air distribution is uniform and the bed materials are not poured backwards; the air chamber 3 is a relatively large space and is used for eliminating the pressure fluctuation of the primary fan 7 and ensuring the stable operation of the fluidized bed.
The slag discharging pipe 5 is provided with a slag discharging port in the middle of the water-cooling air distribution plate 2, the slag discharging pipe 5 penetrates through the air chamber 3 to be connected with the vibration slag discharging device 6, and the slag discharging pipe 5 is provided with a water-cooling sleeve for absorbing heat in slag.
Example 4
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the air chamber 3 is connected with the igniter 4, the primary air enters the air chamber 3 from two paths of an outlet of the igniter 4 and a primary air pipe connected with the air chamber 4 by adopting a hot smoke bed ignition technology, and the air volumes of the two paths can be mutually adjusted. When igniting, can carry out air quantity automatically regulated according to the temperature of the export of the igniter 4 and the temperature of the air chamber 3, when the export temperature of the igniter 4 is high, can increase the primary air quantity in the igniter 4, when the export temperature of the igniter 4 is low, can reduce the primary air quantity in the igniter 4, and the igniter 4 can also be used for burning the local oven of the incinerator 1 furnace.
The air source of the primary air and the secondary air does not need to be heated by an air preheater, and the secondary air is divided into a plurality of paths after passing through the main pipe and sprayed into the hearth in a tangential circle mode.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 2, the solid particles removed from the bottom of the cyclone 9 are not sent to the hearth for circulation.
Furthermore, the air distribution chamber 10 is a device capable of automatically adjusting the amount of air for air distribution, and fully mixes the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the furnace body with the air distribution to reach the target temperature without arranging traditional devices such as a heating surface, an air preheater and the like; the gas-solid separator 11 for secondary purification is a dust remover which can bear the temperature of 300-350 ℃ and has the dust removal efficiency of more than 99%.
Claims (9)
1. A self-sustaining low-calorific-value sludge bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator relates to an incinerator body, wherein the top of the incinerator body is provided with an opening, the inside of the incinerator body is a furnace chamber, the furnace chamber is longitudinally arranged and is divided into a dense-phase region, a dilute-phase region and a transition region from bottom to top, and the internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator is characterized in that a water-cooling air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the furnace chamber, an air chamber is arranged at the lower part of the water-cooling air distribution plate and is connected with an igniter, and a slag discharge pipe is connected to the outside of the furnace chamber from; the wind chamber has primary wind pipe connected to the primary fan, and the dense-phase area of the furnace chamber has secondary wind pipe connected to the secondary fan.
2. The bubbling-type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustained incineration of low-calorific-value sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein an opening at the top of the incinerator body is connected with a cyclone dust collector, and an air distribution chamber and a gas-solid separator for secondary purification of smoke dust are arranged on an outlet flue of the cyclone dust collector.
3. The bubbling-type internal circulation fluidized bed incinerator for self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge according to claim 1, wherein a dry sludge storage bin and a dry sludge quantitative feeder with seeding air are installed outside the incinerator body, and the feeder is communicated with the bottom of the dense-phase region of the incinerator body.
4. The bubbling-type internally circulating fluidized bed incinerator for self-sustained incineration of low-calorific-value sludge according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooled air distributor is covered with refractory material layers on both upper and lower sides thereof, and is composed of uniformly arranged air caps and a plurality of water-cooled tubes arranged in parallel, the air cap openings are arranged in two or more layers, and the air cap openings have a downward inclination angle.
5. The bubbling-type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator for self-sustained incineration of low-calorific-value sludge according to claim 1, wherein the deslagging pipe is provided with a deslagging port in the middle of the water-cooled air distribution plate, the deslagging pipe passes through the air chamber and is connected with the vibrating deslagging device, and the deslagging pipe is provided with a water-cooled sleeve.
6. The bubbling-type internally circulating fluidized-bed incinerator for self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge according to claim 1, wherein the dense-phase zone of the furnace chamber is a dry sludge gasification zone, the dilute-phase zone is a gasification gas combustion zone, and the transition zone is a zone before the gasification gas enters the top flue after being incinerated at high temperature.
7. The bubbling-type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge according to claim 1, wherein the secondary air duct is divided into a main air duct and branch air ducts, the main air duct is connected with a secondary fan, the incinerator body is connected with a plurality of branch air ducts, the branch air ducts are communicated with the main air duct, and the branch air ducts are arranged to ensure that the secondary air is sprayed into the hearth in a tangential manner.
8. The bubbling-type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustained incineration of low-calorific-value sludge as claimed in claim 2, wherein the air distribution chamber is a device capable of automatically adjusting the amount of air distributed, and the secondary purification gas-solid separator is a dust remover capable of bearing the temperature of 300-350 ℃ and having the dust removal efficiency of more than 99%.
9. The bubbling-type internal circulation fluidized bed incinerator for self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dry sludge storage bin is a cylindrical container with a cone at the bottom, a feeder capable of adjusting the amount of dry sludge is arranged at the discharge port of the cone, the front end of the feeder is provided with a feed air inlet pipe, and the feeder is a variable frequency screw feeder with feed air.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922153894.9U CN211952767U (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922153894.9U CN211952767U (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge |
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| CN211952767U true CN211952767U (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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| CN201922153894.9U Active CN211952767U (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Bubbling type internal circulating fluidized bed incinerator capable of self-sustaining incineration of low-calorific-value sludge |
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