CN211908435U - Protection circuit for realizing safe charging of lithium battery pack - Google Patents
Protection circuit for realizing safe charging of lithium battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN211908435U CN211908435U CN202020750489.5U CN202020750489U CN211908435U CN 211908435 U CN211908435 U CN 211908435U CN 202020750489 U CN202020750489 U CN 202020750489U CN 211908435 U CN211908435 U CN 211908435U
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Abstract
A protection circuit for realizing safe charging of a lithium battery pack comprises an RC filter circuit; a signal detection processing circuit; a first output circuit; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a temperature detection circuit; the input end of the self-checking circuit is connected with the second input end of the charger circuit, and the output end of the self-checking circuit is connected with the output end of the temperature detection circuit. The utility model has the advantages that: the control method has the advantages that the fault state caused by the abnormal ambient temperature of the lithium battery is simulated by the trigger signal, the battery overcharge phenomenon caused by the single failure of the charging protection circuit can be avoided, the charging safety of the lithium battery pack is ensured, the reliability of the protection circuit is improved, the control method is high in response speed, simple to control and easy to realize, a circuit for independently detecting the temperature of the charger is omitted, the design cost of the whole circuit is low, and the practicability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a lithium battery protection circuit especially relates to a realize protection circuit that lithium cell group safety was charged.
Background
The lithium battery is made of materials which determine that the lithium battery cannot be charged and discharged by overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, short circuit and ultrahigh temperature/low temperature, the service life of the lithium battery is influenced by overcharge, overdischarge or overcurrent, and particularly, the overcharge easily causes risks such as explosion and the like. In order to take safety into consideration, a protection board is additionally arranged in a charging and discharging circuit of a lithium battery, and strict requirements are required for the design of the charging and protecting circuit of the lithium battery in the industry.
In the prior art, as shown in the existing chinese utility model "lithium battery charging protection device" with patent number 201720130152.2, a charging protection device independent of a charger and a lithium battery is disclosed, which protects the safety of the lithium battery and the charger during the charging process. However, the charging protection device in the above patent controls whether the lithium battery is charged according to the output signal of the MCU controller, and is lack of self-checking protection for single failure of any component, and in the actual use process, failure may occur due to short circuit, open circuit, or other reasons of other components in the MCU controller or the charging protection circuit, which may cause an error in the output signal of the charging protection circuit, thereby causing a major safety accident that the lithium battery is overcharged and exploded.
The current new industry standard IEC 62841-1 puts higher demands on the charge safety and reliability of lithium batteries (packs): the new industry standard requires that the charging protection circuit of the lithium battery pack (package) still can generate and output a reliable overcharge judgment signal under the condition of single failure of any component and under the condition of unbalanced charging of each lithium battery in the lithium battery pack (package) so as to avoid major safety accidents caused by overcharge explosion of the batteries.
Therefore, aiming at the problems and the current situation existing in the existing lithium battery charging protection circuit, the existing charging protection circuit and the existing charging method are further improved to better meet the requirements of industry development and improve the use reliability of products.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a lithium battery pack safety charging circuit that can still accurately output charging control signal under the condition that charging protection circuit self single became invalid or broke down is provided to above-mentioned prior art current situation.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem adopted does: a protection circuit for realizing safe charging of a lithium battery pack comprises
Each lithium battery is connected with one RC filter circuit in series;
the signal detection processing circuit comprises a plurality of detection signal input ends and a trigger signal output end, wherein the output end of each RC filter circuit is connected to the detection signal input end corresponding to the signal detection processing circuit;
the input end of the first output circuit is connected with the trigger signal output end of the signal detection processing circuit, and the output end of the first output circuit is connected to the first input end of the charger circuit;
the method is characterized in that: the protection circuit also comprises
The signal detection processing circuit also comprises a temperature detection input end, and the output end of the temperature detection circuit is connected with the temperature detection input end;
the self-checking circuit can simulate a lithium battery or a signal detection processing circuit to generate temperature abnormity in the state of inputting a trigger signal, the input end of the self-checking circuit is connected with the second input end of the charger circuit, and the output end of the self-checking circuit is connected with the output end of the temperature detection circuit.
Preferably, the temperature detection circuit comprises a thermistor, one end of the thermistor is connected to the temperature detection input end of the signal detection processing circuit, and the other end of the thermistor is grounded. The thermistor can directly measure the ambient temperature of the lithium battery, and the signal detection processing circuit can sense the abnormal information of the ambient temperature at the first time.
Preferably, the self-checking circuit comprises a switch circuit capable of controlling the on and off of the self-checking circuit, and an output end of the switch circuit is connected with an output end of the temperature detection circuit; and the trigger circuit is used for converting a trigger signal input into the self-checking circuit into an effective control signal, the input end of the trigger circuit is connected with the second input end of the charger circuit, and the output end of the trigger circuit is connected with the input end of the switch circuit.
Preferably, the switch circuit includes a first field effect transistor, a first resistor and a second resistor, a drain of the first field effect transistor is connected to the output terminal of the temperature detection circuit through the second resistor, a source of the first field effect transistor is grounded, one path of a gate of the first field effect transistor is grounded through the first resistor, and the other path of the gate is used as the input terminal of the switch circuit and is connected to the output terminal of the trigger circuit.
Preferably, the trigger circuit includes a first capacitor, a first diode, a third resistor and a second capacitor, one path of a cathode of the first diode is grounded via the first capacitor, the other path is used as an output end of the trigger circuit and is connected with an input end of the switch circuit, one path of an anode of the first diode is grounded via the third resistor, and the other path is used as an input end of the trigger circuit via the second capacitor.
Preferably, the trigger circuit includes a first capacitor, a first diode, a second diode and a second capacitor, one path of a cathode of the first diode is grounded via the first capacitor, the other path is used as an output end of the trigger circuit and is connected with the input end of the switch circuit, one path of an anode of the first diode is connected with a cathode of the second diode, the other path is used as an input end of the trigger circuit via the second capacitor, and an anode of the second diode is grounded.
Preferably, the trigger circuit includes a zener diode, an anode of the zener diode is used as an output terminal of the trigger circuit and connected to the input terminal of the switch circuit, and a cathode of the zener diode is used as an input terminal of the trigger circuit.
Preferably, the first output circuit includes a second field effect transistor and an identification resistor, a drain of the second field effect transistor is connected to the first input terminal of the charger circuit through the identification resistor, a source of the second field effect transistor is grounded, and a gate of the second field effect transistor is connected to the trigger signal output terminal of the signal detection processing circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of: on the basis of original charging protection circuit, temperature detection and circuit self-checking functions are added, whether the operation of the charging protection circuit is normal or not is detected by a charger by sending a continuous and stable trigger signal, the trigger signal can simulate the fault state caused by abnormal ambient temperature in the protection circuit, the phenomenon of battery overcharge caused by single failure of the charging protection circuit can be avoided, the charging safety of a lithium battery pack is ensured, the reliability of the protection circuit is improved, the control method of the scheme is high in response speed, the control is simple and easy to realize, a circuit for detecting the temperature independently by the charger is omitted, the whole circuit design cost is low, and the practicability is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of a lithium battery pack charging protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a specific circuit diagram of a switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a specific circuit diagram of a trigger circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a second specific circuit diagram of the trigger circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a third specific circuit diagram of a trigger circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a specific circuit diagram of a lithium battery pack charging protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 6, the present embodiment discloses a charging protection circuit for a lithium battery pack, the lithium battery pack includes at least two lithium batteries connected in series in sequence, the lithium battery pack is connected with the charging protection circuit, an output end of the charging protection circuit is connected with an input end of a charger circuit, and specifically, the charging protection circuit of the present embodiment includes a charging protection circuit
Each lithium battery is connected with one RC filter circuit 1 in series;
the signal detection processing circuit 2 comprises a detection signal input end, a trigger signal output end and a temperature detection input end, wherein the output end of each RC filter circuit 1 is connected to the corresponding detection signal input end of the signal detection processing circuit 2;
a first output circuit 3, an input end of the first output circuit 3 is connected with a trigger signal output end of the signal detection processing circuit 2, and an output end of the first output circuit 3 is connected with a first input end ID1 of the charger circuit;
the temperature detection circuit 5 is used for detecting the ambient temperature of the lithium battery, and the output end of the temperature detection circuit 5 is connected with the temperature detection input end of the signal detection processing circuit 2;
the self-checking circuit 4 can simulate the abnormal ambient temperature of the lithium battery under the condition of inputting the trigger signal, namely simulate the abnormal signal state of the output end of the temperature detection circuit 5; the input end of the self-checking circuit 4 is connected with the second input end ID2 of the charger circuit, and the output end of the self-checking circuit 4 is connected with the output end of the temperature detection circuit.
In order to simplify the structure, the temperature detection circuit 5 of the present embodiment simply includes a thermistor RT, one end of which is connected to the temperature detection input terminal of the signal detection processing circuit 2, and the other end of which is grounded. This thermistor RT can the direct measurement lithium cell's ambient temperature as temperature detection sensor, and signal detection processing circuit 2 can be normal at the very first time perception ambient temperature.
The self-test circuit 4 of the present embodiment can be implemented by various specific circuits, and simply, the following circuit modules can be adopted, and the self-test circuit 4 includes
A switch circuit 41 for controlling the self-test circuit 4 to be turned on and off, wherein an output terminal P1 of the switch circuit 41 is connected with an output terminal of the temperature detection circuit 5;
a trigger circuit 42 for converting the trigger signal inputted to the self-test circuit 4 into an active control signal, wherein an input terminal of the trigger circuit 42 is connected to the second input terminal ID2 of the charger circuit, and an output terminal of the trigger circuit 42 is connected to the input terminal P2 of the switch circuit 41.
As shown in fig. 2, which is one specific embodiment of the switch circuit 41 of this embodiment, the switch circuit 41 includes a first field effect transistor Q1, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, a drain of the first field effect transistor Q1 is connected to an output terminal of the temperature detection circuit 5 through the second resistor R2, a source of the first field effect transistor Q1 is grounded, one path of a gate of the first field effect transistor Q1 is grounded through the first resistor R1, and the other path is connected as an input terminal P2 of the switch circuit 41 and an output terminal of the trigger circuit 42.
As shown in fig. 3, in one embodiment of the trigger circuit 42 of this embodiment, the trigger circuit 42 includes a first capacitor C1, a first diode D1, a third resistor R3, and a second capacitor C2, one negative pole of the first diode D1 is grounded through the first capacitor C1, the other negative pole is used as an output terminal of the trigger circuit 42 and connected to the input terminal P2 of the switch circuit 41, one positive pole of the first diode D1 is grounded through the third resistor R3, and the other positive pole is used as an input terminal of the trigger circuit 42 through the second capacitor C2.
As shown in fig. 4, another specific embodiment of the trigger circuit 42 of this embodiment is different from fig. 4 in that the third resistor R3 is replaced by a second diode D2, specifically, the trigger circuit 42 includes a first capacitor C1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2 and a second capacitor C2, one negative pole of the first diode D1 is grounded through the first capacitor C1, the other negative pole is connected as the output terminal of the trigger circuit 42 to the input terminal P2 of the switch circuit 41, the one positive pole of the first diode D1 is connected to the negative pole of the second diode D2, the other positive pole is connected to the input terminal of the trigger circuit 42 through the second capacitor C2, and the positive pole of the second diode D2 is grounded.
As shown in fig. 5, in another embodiment of the trigger circuit 42 of this embodiment, the trigger circuit 42 of this embodiment includes only one zener diode D3, an anode of the zener diode D3 is used as the output terminal of the trigger circuit 42 and is connected to the input terminal P2 of the switch circuit 41, and a cathode of the zener diode D3 is used as the input terminal of the trigger circuit 42.
As shown in fig. 6, a specific circuit diagram of a lithium battery charging protection circuit designed for using the functional block diagram of this embodiment includes five serially connected lithium batteries BT1, BT2, BT3, BT4 and BT5, each of which is connected in series with a corresponding RC filter circuit 1, U1 is a control chip for implementing signal detection processing, the U1 chip is connected in series with five pins BAT1, BAT2, BAT3, BAT4 and BAT5 as detection signal input terminals, and is respectively connected in series with output terminals of the RC filter circuits 1 respectively connected with the lithium batteries BT1, BAT2, BT3, BT4 and BT5, the signal detection processing circuit 2 takes a control chip U1 (in this embodiment, a control chip with model OZ 8975F) having a TS pin (temperature detection input terminal) as a core, a CHG pin of a control chip U1 is used as a trigger signal output terminal and is connected with a first output circuit 3, and a control chip U1 and a VSS input terminal as well as a power supply terminal, the connection mode among the control chip U1, the RC filter circuit 1 and the lithium battery pack is a conventional circuit, and the specific connection mode of the circuit is shown in fig. 6 and is not described herein.
The drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is connected to the output end of the temperature detection circuit 5 through the second resistor R2, the source of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is grounded, the first path of the gate of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is grounded through the first resistor R1, the second path is grounded through the first capacitor C1, the third path is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1, the first path of the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2, the other path is connected to the second input end ID2 of the charger circuit through the second capacitor C2, and the anode of the second diode D2 is grounded;
the first output circuit 3 is used for resistance sampling, and comprises a second field effect transistor Q2 and an identification resistor Rs, wherein the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the first input end of the charger circuit through the identification resistor Rs, the source electrode of the second field effect transistor Q2 is grounded, and the grid electrode of the second field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the trigger signal output end of the signal detection processing circuit 2.
The working principle of the charge protection circuit of fig. 6 is as follows: when the lithium battery pack is connected with the charger, the second input end ID2 of the charger does not send a signal under a normal working state, the first field effect transistor Q1 in the self-checking circuit is cut off, the control chip U1 detects the voltage of each circuit of battery cell in the lithium battery pack and the ambient temperature of the battery pack in real time, and if all the battery cell voltages and the ambient temperature are in a chargeable range, the CHG pin of the control chip U1 outputs a logic allowing charging; on the contrary, if the voltage of any one of the battery cells reaches the over-charge judgment voltage (such as 4.2V) or the temperature exceeds the temperature range (such as 0-50 ℃) allowing charging, the CHG pin of the control chip U1 outputs logic for prohibiting charging; the charger reads the resistance value of the identification resistor Rs through the first input terminal ID1 (Rs can be a 0 ohm resistor directly, i.e. a short circuit directly), and then determines whether to allow or stop charging.
When the charger outputs a periodic trigger signal from the second input end ID2, and after the first field-effect transistor Q1 is turned on, the second resistor R2 in the self-checking circuit is grounded (R2 may be a 0-ohm resistor, i.e., a direct short circuit, or R2 may be a resistance value equivalent to an abnormal temperature), and the analog temperature sensor (thermistor RT) detects a state of abnormal temperature, the logic signal output by the CHG pin of the control chip U1 is inverted, at this time, the control chip U1, the first output circuit and the self-checking circuit are all normal, and the charger continues to charge; on the contrary, if the logic signal output from the CHG pin is not changed, it indicates that the control chip U1 itself (the charging protection circuit itself) or other elements in the circuit are failed (a single failure of an element may cause the CHG pin of the control chip U1 to output a normally high level or a normally low level), and the charger needs to stop charging.
In addition, the trigger circuit portion of the self-checking circuit 4 in fig. 6 can also be directly replaced by a zener diode D3 shown in fig. 5, the whole circuit is simpler, in the normal operation state, the zener diode D3 is turned off in the reverse direction, at this time, the CHG pin of the control chip U1 outputs a normal charging signal (high level), the second input terminal ID2 periodically inputs a trigger signal to the self-checking circuit 4 (where the voltage value of the trigger signal exceeds the regulated voltage value of the zener diode D3), once the trigger signal is input, the zener diode D3 breaks down in the reverse direction, the second resistor R2 is grounded, that is, the output terminal of the temperature sensor (thermistor RT) presents temperature abnormality, if the protection circuit is normal, the CHG pin of the control chip U1 should generate an output signal change (jump to low level), if the CHG pin of the control chip U1 does not generate a change in output signal, it indicates that the control chip U1 itself or other components in the circuit are malfunctioning.
In this embodiment, whether the components and parts in the detection circuitry break down or not is detected through the unusual (output that takes place overcharge or components and parts open a way, short circuit lead to in the circuit) state of simulated temperature, can save original circuit part through the charger temperature of detecting alone, and overall circuit structure is simpler, and detection speed is fast (can realize in 2.5 seconds at most), and the practicality is strong.
Claims (8)
1. A protection circuit for realizing safe charging of a lithium battery pack comprises
Each lithium battery is connected with one RC filter circuit (1) in series;
the signal detection processing circuit (2) comprises a plurality of detection signal input ends and a trigger signal output end, wherein the output end of each RC filter circuit (1) is connected to the detection signal input end corresponding to the signal detection processing circuit (2);
a first output circuit (3), wherein the input end of the first output circuit (3) is connected with the trigger signal output end of the signal detection processing circuit (2), and the output end of the first output circuit (3) is connected with the first input end (ID1) of the charger circuit;
the method is characterized in that: the protection circuit also comprises
The temperature detection circuit (5) is used for detecting the ambient temperature of the lithium battery, the signal detection processing circuit (2) further comprises a temperature detection input end, and the output end of the temperature detection circuit (5) is connected with the temperature detection input end;
the self-checking circuit (4) can simulate a lithium battery or a signal detection processing circuit (2) to generate temperature abnormity in the state of inputting a trigger signal, the input end of the self-checking circuit (4) is connected with the second input end (ID2) of the charger circuit, and the output end (P1) of the self-checking circuit (4) is connected with the output end of the temperature detection circuit (5).
2. The protection circuit for realizing safe charging of the lithium battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature detection circuit (5) including thermistor (RT), the one end of thermistor (RT) is connected to the temperature detection input of signal detection processing circuit (2), the other end ground connection of this thermistor (RT).
3. The protection circuit for realizing safe charging of the lithium battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: the self-checking circuit (4) comprises
A switch circuit (41) capable of controlling the self-checking circuit (4) to be switched on and off, wherein an output end (P1) of the switch circuit (41) is connected with an output end of the temperature detection circuit (5);
and a trigger circuit (42) for converting a trigger signal input to the self-test circuit (4) into an active control signal, the input of the trigger circuit (42) being connected to the second input (ID2) of the charger circuit, the output of the trigger circuit (42) being connected to the input (P2) of the switch circuit (41).
4. The protection circuit for realizing safe charging of the lithium battery pack according to claim 3, wherein: the switch circuit (41) comprises a first field effect transistor (Q1), a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2), the drain electrode of the first field effect transistor (Q1) is connected with the output end of the temperature detection circuit (5) through the second resistor (R2), the source electrode of the first field effect transistor (Q1) is grounded, one path of the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor (Q1) is grounded through the first resistor (R1), and the other path of the grid electrode is used as the input end (P2) of the switch circuit (41) and is connected with the output end of the trigger circuit (42).
5. The protection circuit for realizing safe charging of the lithium battery pack according to claim 3, wherein: the trigger circuit (42) comprises a first capacitor (C1), a first diode (D1), a third resistor (R3) and a second capacitor (C2), one path of the negative pole of the first diode (D1) is grounded through the first capacitor (C1), the other path of the negative pole of the first diode (D1) is used as the output end of the trigger circuit (42) and is connected with the input end (P2) of the switch circuit (41), one path of the positive pole of the first diode (D1) is grounded through the third resistor (R3), and the other path of the positive pole of the first diode (D1) is used as the input end of the trigger circuit (42) through the second capacitor (C2).
6. The protection circuit for realizing safe charging of the lithium battery pack according to claim 3, wherein: the trigger circuit (42) comprises a first capacitor (C1), a first diode (D1), a second diode (D2) and a second capacitor (C2), one path of the negative pole of the first diode (D1) is grounded through the first capacitor (C1), the other path of the negative pole of the first diode (D1) is used as the output end of the trigger circuit (42) to be connected with the input end (P2) of the switch circuit (41), one path of the positive pole of the first diode (D1) is connected with the negative pole of the second diode (D2), the other path of the positive pole of the first diode (D1) is used as the input end of the trigger circuit (42) through the second capacitor (C2), and the positive pole of the second diode (D2) is grounded.
7. The protection circuit for realizing safe charging of the lithium battery pack according to claim 3, wherein: the trigger circuit (42) comprises a voltage stabilizing diode (D3), the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode (D3) is used as the output end of the trigger circuit (42) and is connected with the input end (P2) of the switch circuit (41), and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode (D3) is used as the input end of the trigger circuit (42).
8. The protection circuit for realizing safe charging of the lithium battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: the first output circuit (3) comprises a second field effect transistor (Q2) and an identification resistor (Rs), the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor (Q2) is connected with the first input end (ID1) of the charger circuit through the identification resistor (Rs), the source electrode of the second field effect transistor (Q2) is grounded, and the grid electrode of the second field effect transistor (Q2) is connected with the trigger signal output end of the signal detection processing circuit (2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202020750489.5U CN211908435U (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Protection circuit for realizing safe charging of lithium battery pack |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202020750489.5U CN211908435U (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Protection circuit for realizing safe charging of lithium battery pack |
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| CN211908435U true CN211908435U (en) | 2020-11-10 |
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| CN202020750489.5U Active CN211908435U (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Protection circuit for realizing safe charging of lithium battery pack |
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