CN211892300U - High-efficiency filtering material with gradient structure - Google Patents
High-efficiency filtering material with gradient structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN211892300U CN211892300U CN201922429519.2U CN201922429519U CN211892300U CN 211892300 U CN211892300 U CN 211892300U CN 201922429519 U CN201922429519 U CN 201922429519U CN 211892300 U CN211892300 U CN 211892300U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high-efficiency filtering material with a gradient structure, which is formed by compounding four layers of filtering layers with different gradient apertures, wherein the first filtering layer is a coarse mixing acupuncture felt layer, the aperture of the first filtering layer is larger, the second filtering layer is a fine mixing acupuncture felt layer, the third filtering layer is a fine non-woven fabric layer, the fourth filtering layer is a hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layer, and the apertures from the first filtering layer to the fourth filtering layer are gradually reduced in a gradient manner; coarse mixing acupuncture felt layer, fine non-woven fabrics layer are formed by conventional fibre and ES fibre mixture, and this application makes novel high-efficient filtering material with the filter layer complex of four different apertures of gradient, relies on self material bonding between its each layer, introduces cavity superfine fiber layer, and gram weight is less, mechanical properties is good, durable safety ring protects for a long time, filtration efficiency and gas permeability are excellent, and total filtration efficiency reaches more than 99.99%.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a high efficiency filter material, concretely relates to high efficiency filter material with gradient structure.
Background
With the further attention paid to the air pollution problem, the comprehensive index of the filter material is also required to be higher. Most of traditional air filter materials are made of needle-punched non-woven fabrics, and a layer of microporous membrane is coated on the surface of the non-woven fabrics, so that certain air filter effect is achieved, the material connectivity between the microporous membrane and the needle-punched non-woven fabrics is remarkably reduced after the air filter materials are used for multiple times, the microporous membrane is broken, and the comprehensive performance is poor. At present, the electrostatic spinning and melt-blown non-woven technology is mature, the superfine fiber reaches micron or even nanometer level, and can completely replace a microporous membrane, thereby having higher filtering efficiency. Patents have introduced electrospun high efficiency filter materials, but they have placed the electrospun layer between two layers of base fabric, without creating a gradient effect, and the electrospun layer is extremely vulnerable to damage. In recent years, air filtration is studied a lot, but the air filtration is still not perfect, such as woven fabric, short fiber spunlace nonwoven fabric and impregnated composite filter material, the cost is higher, the whole pore is reduced after resin impregnation, and the filtration efficiency is lower. In addition, sea-island fiber nets, common fiber nets, reinforced fabrics and gradient filtering materials of the common fiber nets are also available, and the whole body is compounded by adopting needling or spunlace, so that the materials are too compact and the gradient filtering effect is poor. Therefore, a high-efficiency filter material with a gradient structure is urgently needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Utility model purpose: the utility model discloses to present air filtering material problem, provide a high-efficient filtering material with gradient structure, use acupuncture, wet laid, hot-blast, cavity electrostatic spinning technology comprehensively, make novel high-efficient filtering material with the filter layer complex in the different apertures of four gradients, rely on self material bonding between its each layer, introduce cavity superfine fiber layer, gram weight is less, mechanical properties is good, durable safety ring protects lastingly, filtration efficiency and gas permeability are excellent, total filtration efficiency reaches more than 99.99%.
The technical scheme is as follows: a high-efficient filtering material with gradient structure, its characterized in that: the high-efficiency filter material with the gradient structure is formed by compounding four filter layers with different gradients and different pore diameters, the first filter layer is a coarse mixed needled felt layer, and the pore diameter of the first filter layer is larger; the second filtering layer is a fine mixed needled felt layer with smaller aperture; the third filtering layer is a micro non-woven fabric layer with micro pore diameter; the fourth filtering layer is a hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layer, and the aperture of the fourth filtering layer is extremely small; the pore diameters from the first filtering layer to the fourth filtering layer are gradually reduced in a gradient manner; the coarse mixed needled felt layer, the fine mixed needled felt layer and the fine non-woven fabric layer are formed by mixing conventional fibers and ES fibers, the ES fibers are double-component low-melting-point hot-melt fibers, a core layer of the ES fibers is polypropylene fibers with a melting point of 167 ℃, a skin layer of the ES fibers is polyethylene fibers with a melting point of 130 ℃, the coarse mixed needled felt layer, the fine mixed needled felt layer and the fine non-woven fabric layer are bonded laterally, and the hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layer is sprayed on the fine non-woven fabric layer.
Preferably, the coarse mixed needled felt layer is a needled felt made of conventional coarse denier fibers and ES fibers, the thickness of the conventional coarse denier fibers is 2.5-3D, the length of the conventional coarse denier fibers is 51mm, and the needled felt has a grammage of 100 g/m and is formed by a primary needling process.
Preferably, the fine mixed needled felt layer is a needled felt made of conventional fine denier fibers and ES fibers in a mixed manner, the conventional fine denier fibers have the thickness of 1.5-2D and the length of 38mm, and the needled felt has the grammage of 60-80 g/m.
Preferably, the micro-fine non-woven fabric layer is a non-woven fabric layer made of conventional micro-fine denier fibers and ES fibers in a mixed mode, the conventional micro-fine denier fibers have the thickness of 0.8-1.2D and the length of 6-12mm, and the wet-process non-woven fabric has the gram weight of 30 g/m.
Preferably, the fibers in the hollow electrospun microfiber layer are the same as conventional microdenier fibers in a microfine nonwoven layer.
The beneficial effects are that, the utility model discloses a high-efficiency filtering material with gradient structure, the compound mode does not need chemical auxiliary agent, the hot melt self-bonding is adopted between the coarse mixing acupuncture felt layer, the fine mixing acupuncture felt layer and the fine non-woven fabric layer, the hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layer and the fine non-woven fabric layer use the same type of conventional fiber, the connectivity between the fiber layers is good, durable safety and environmental protection; the high-efficiency filtering material with the gradient structure is characterized in that all layers are bonded by self materials, a hollow superfine fiber layer is introduced, the gram weight is small, the mechanical property is good, the high-efficiency filtering material is durable, safe and environment-friendly, the filtering efficiency and the air permeability are excellent, and the total filtering efficiency reaches more than 99.99 percent; each chemical fiber can be recycled, the cost is reduced, and sustainable development is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the structure of the present invention;
1. coarsely mixing the needled felt layer; 2. finely mixing the needled felt layer; 3. a microfine non-woven fabric layer; 4. and (3) hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layers.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the high-efficiency filter material with a gradient structure is formed by compounding four filter layers with different gradients and different pore diameters, wherein the first filter layer is a coarse mixed needled felt layer 1 with a larger pore diameter, the second filter layer is a fine mixed needled felt layer 2 with a smaller pore diameter, the third filter layer is a fine non-woven fabric layer 3 with a smaller pore diameter, and the fourth filter layer is a hollow electrospun superfine fiber layer 4 with a smaller pore diameter; the pore diameters from the first filtering layer to the fourth filtering layer are gradually reduced in a gradient manner; the coarse mixed needled felt layer 1, the fine mixed needled felt layer 2 and the fine non-woven fabric layer 3 are formed by mixing conventional fibers and ES fibers, wherein the ES fibers are double-component low-melting-point hot-melt fibers, a core layer of the ES fibers is polypropylene fibers with a melting point of 167 ℃, a skin layer of the ES fibers is polyethylene fibers with a melting point of 130 ℃, the coarse mixed needled felt layer 1, the fine mixed needled felt layer 2 and the fine non-woven fabric layer 3 are bonded together, and the hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layer 4 is sprayed on the fine non-woven fabric layer 3.
In the present example, preferably, the coarse mixed needled felt layer 1 is a needled felt made by mixing conventional coarse denier fibers and ES fibers, the conventional coarse denier fibers are polyester fibers, the thickness of the polyester fibers is 2.5-3D, the length of the polyester fibers is 51mm, and the needled felt has a grammage of 100-150g/m and is formed by a single needling process.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the fine mixed needled felt layer 2 is a needled felt made of a mixture of conventional fine fibers and ES fibers, wherein the conventional fine fibers are polyamide fibers, the polyamide fibers are 1.5-2D, the length of the polyamide fibers is 38mm, and the gram weight of the needled felt is 60-80 g/m.
Preferably, the micro-fine nonwoven layer 3 is a nonwoven layer made of a blend of conventional micro-fine denier fibers and ES fibers, the conventional micro-fine denier fibers being polypropylene fibers, the conventional micro-fine denier fibers having a thickness of 0.8-1.2D, a length of 6-12mm, and a wet process nonwoven fabric having a grammage of 30 g/m.
In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the hollow electrospun microfiber layer 4 is made of polypropylene fibers, which are the same as the conventional microdenier fibers in the microfine nonwoven fabric layer 3.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency filter material with a gradient structure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of coarse mixed needled felt layer 11: polyester fibers with the thickness of 2.5-3D and the length of 51mm and ES fibers are mixed according to the ratio of 6:4 and are subjected to opening carding to form a uniform fiber web, the uniform fiber web is fed into a needle machine to be subjected to pre-needling and one-step needling to obtain a coarse mixed needled felt layer 11 with the weight of 100-150 g/m;
(2) fine hybrid needled felt layer 22 preparation: polyamide fibers with the thickness of 1.5-2D and the length of 38mm and ES fibers are mixed according to the ratio of 6:4 and then are opened and carded to form a uniform fiber web, then the uniform fiber web enters a needling area through a net conveying curtain, the fibers and needles are kept perpendicular, and a fine mixed needled felt layer 22 with the gram weight of 60-80g/m is prepared after two times of needling;
(3) preparation of the fine nonwoven layer 33: the thickness is 0.8-12D, pretreating polypropylene fibers and ES fibers with the length of 6-12mm, mixing the two fibers according to the ratio of 6:4, soaking and dispersing the two fibers, mixing the two fibers in a size mixing tank to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, mixing the mixed solution with the concentration of 1-3% for 10-20min, adding water at normal temperature for further dilution, mixing the mixed solution with the mixed solution until the concentration of 0.1-0.15%, sending the mixed solution into a non-woven wet-laid system to form a wet paper sheet, preliminarily removing excess water under the action of a mangle roller, and drying the wet paper sheet in a 70-90 ℃ drying oven to obtain the polypropylene fibers and the ES fibers with the gram weight of 30g/m2The fine nonwoven fabric layer 33;
(4) bonding: stacking the prepared coarse mixed needled felt layer 11, the fine mixed needled felt layer 22 and the fine non-woven fabric layer 33 in sequence, putting the stacked layers into an oven to be in a semi-molten state, bonding three fiber webs together by utilizing the ES fiber hot-melt adhesive property in the coarse mixed needled felt layer 11, the fine mixed needled felt layer 22 and the fine non-woven fabric layer 33, setting the temperature of a hot air oven to be 130 ℃, keeping the hot air time to be about 3min, and then entering a cold air area under the action of a net conveying curtain for rapid shaping to obtain a fiber web complex;
(5) preparation of the hollow electrospun microfiber layer 44: blending polypropylene fibers, a dimethylacetamide solution and a spinning aid, stirring for 18h-48h under magnetic stirring at the rotating speed of 300r/min-400r/min to obtain a uniform spinning solution with the mass fraction of 5% -20%, assembling two metal capillary tubes with different inner and outer diameters into a hollow electrostatic spinning nozzle in a sleeve mode, injecting the spinning solution into an outer tube and injecting a hollow air flow into an inner tube under the conditions that the voltage is 16-20kV, the flow rate of the spinning solution is 0.3-1.0mL/h, the air flow rate is 0.2-0.8mL/h, the diameter of the inner tube is 0.3-1.0mm, the diameter of the outer tube is 1-1.8mm and the receiving distance is 10-20cm, directly and vertically spraying and loading the hollow electrostatic spinning ultrafine fiber layer 44 with the gram weight of 5-20g/m on the fiber web composite body prepared in the step (4), obtaining the high-efficiency filter material with the gradient structure.
The conventional fibers mentioned in the coarse mixed needled felt layer 1, the fine mixed needled felt layer 2, the fine non-woven fabric layer 3 and the hollow electrospun superfine fiber layer 4 are any one of the fibers in the prior art, but the limitation between the different layers and the conventional fibers is satisfied, for example: the conventional fiber can be polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, etc., and other types of fibers can be used as appropriate.
A high-efficiency filter material with a gradient structure is compounded without chemical additives, a coarse mixed needled felt layer, a fine mixed needled felt layer and a fine non-woven fabric layer are subjected to hot melt self-adhesion, the hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layer and the fine non-woven fabric layer use the same type of conventional fibers, the fiber layers are good in connectivity, durable, safe and environment-friendly; the high-efficiency filtering material with the gradient structure is characterized in that all layers are bonded by self materials, a hollow superfine fiber layer is introduced, the gram weight is small, the mechanical property is good, the high-efficiency filtering material is durable, safe and environment-friendly, the filtering efficiency and the air permeability are excellent, and the total filtering efficiency reaches more than 99.99 percent; each chemical fiber can be recycled, the cost is reduced, and sustainable development is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above description, and although the present invention has been disclosed with the preferred embodiment, it is not limited to the present invention, and any skilled person in the art can make some modifications or equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, but all the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high-efficiency filter material with a gradient structure is characterized in that: the high-efficiency filter material with the gradient structure is formed by compounding four filter layers with different gradients and different pore diameters, wherein the first filter layer is a coarse mixed needled felt layer with larger pore diameter; the second filtering layer is a fine mixed needled felt layer with smaller aperture; the third filtering layer is a micro non-woven fabric layer with micro pore diameter; the fourth filtering layer is a hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layer, and the aperture of the fourth filtering layer is extremely small; the pore diameters from the first filtering layer to the fourth filtering layer are gradually reduced in a gradient manner; the coarse mixed needled felt layer, the fine mixed needled felt layer and the fine non-woven fabric layer are formed by mixing conventional fibers and ES fibers, the ES fibers are double-component low-melting-point hot-melt fibers, a core layer of the ES fibers is polypropylene fibers with a melting point of 167 ℃, a skin layer of the ES fibers is polyethylene fibers with a melting point of 130 ℃, the coarse mixed needled felt layer, the fine mixed needled felt layer and the fine non-woven fabric layer are bonded laterally, and the hollow electrostatic spinning superfine fiber layer is sprayed on the fine non-woven fabric layer.
2. A high efficiency filter material having a gradient structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the coarse mixed needled felt layer is a needled felt made of conventional coarse denier fibers and ES fibers in a mixing mode, the thickness of the conventional coarse denier fibers is 2.5-3D, the length of the conventional coarse denier fibers is 51mm, and the needled felt has the grazing weight of 100-150g/m and is formed by a one-time needling process.
3. A high efficiency filter material having a gradient structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the fine hybrid needled felt layer is a needled felt made of conventional fine denier fibers and ES fibers in a hybrid manner, the thickness of the conventional fine denier fibers is 1.5-2D, the length of the conventional fine denier fibers is 38mm, and the gram weight of the needled felt is 60-80 g/m.
4. A high efficiency filter material having a gradient structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the superfine non-woven fabric layer is a non-woven fabric layer made of conventional superfine denier fibers and ES fibers in a mixed mode, the thickness of the conventional superfine denier fibers is 0.8-1.2D, the length of the conventional superfine denier fibers is 6-12mm, and the gram weight of the wet-process non-woven fabric is 30 g/m.
5. A high efficiency filter material having a gradient structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the fibers in the hollow electrospun microfiber layer are the same as the conventional microdenier fibers in a microfiber nonwoven layer.
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| CN113786675A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-14 | 五邑大学 | Novel filtering material for purifying kitchen oil fume |
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| CN113786675A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-14 | 五邑大学 | Novel filtering material for purifying kitchen oil fume |
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