CN211824948U - Building model loading device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a building model loading device. The device includes a high-rise building simulation structure group, an aircraft simulation structure group and a mounting seat. The high-rise building simulation structure group includes a base plate and a multi-storey building model. The aircraft simulation structure group Including pendulum frame, pendulum. The device of the utility model is proposed for the event that the super high-rise building may encounter the collision of the aircraft in real life, and the universal requirement of the research on the building structure of the university. The device of the utility model can be used for carrying out the loading test of the architectural model encountering the impact of the aircraft, especially for undergraduate teaching, as a research tool for the defense of the aircraft impact in the design of the high-rise building model. The device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, can give full play to students' hands-on ability, and is easy to carry and carry out experiments.

Description

A building model loading device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of civil engineering, in particular to a loading device for implementing the accidental impact of an aircraft on a high-rise building model.

Background technique

With the continuous expansion of urban construction scale, the number of super high-rise buildings is also increasing, and the probability of super high-rise buildings being hit by aircraft also increases accordingly. If a super high-rise building collapses due to an aircraft impact, the consequences are extremely serious. Therefore, when designing important super high-rise buildings, it is particularly important to take the accidental effect of aircraft impact and how to defend it into consideration.

The model can be regarded as a reduced version of the real structure. The structural model design is closely related to the actual engineering design. When a novel structure is constructed and the theoretical analysis is not very perfect, it is necessary to make a reduced version of the model and study its mechanical properties. Very necessary. Carrying out experimental research on structural models can promote the cultivation of civil engineering talents, the development of disciplines, and the reform of teaching. There is no report in the prior art on the implementation of an experimental device or related research on the accidental impact of an aircraft on a super high-rise building model.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a building model loading device, which is used to implement the accidental impact of aircraft on high-rise building models, especially for undergraduate teaching, as a research tool for the defense of aircraft impact during high-rise building model design. .

The utility model designs a set of loading test device which can implement the impact of the building model by the aircraft, aiming at the event that the super high-rise building may encounter the collision of the aircraft in real life and the universal requirement of the research on the building structure of the university. The device has a simple structure and is easy to operate, which can give full play to the students' hands-on ability, and is easy to carry, which is convenient for carrying out the loading experiment of super high-rise building models.

The loading device for implementing the accidental impact of an aircraft on a high-rise building model provided by the present invention includes a high-rise building simulation structure group, an aircraft simulation structure group and a mounting seat. The high-rise building simulation structure group includes a base plate and a multi-storey building model. The aircraft simulation structure group includes pendulum frame and pendulum;

The multi-storey building model consists of four uprights, a roof, a number of floor pieces and a bottom plate. The four uprights are fixed on the bottom plate in an array to form a square column to simulate the shape of the building, and the roof is installed on the top of the square column. A number of floor pieces are installed horizontally in the inner space of the square column at equal intervals along the elevation and fixed on the column; the mounting seat is made of a fixed pressure strip used to strengthen the base and the ground, and is used to limit the rotation of the bottom plate during the impact process of the building model or The displacement weight block is composed of a mounting plate; the pressure strip spans the bottom plate of the building model, and the two ends are fixed on the mounting plate, and the multi-layer building model is fixed on the mounting seat.

Further, the pendulum is composed of a pendulum ball and a pendulum cable, the pendulum ball is suspended on a first beam provided on the top of the pendulum frame through the pendulum cable, and a second beam is arranged at a certain horizontal distance from the first beam. The distance is the length of the pendulum cable. Before swinging down, the pendulum is suspended from the second beam by the suspension rope to keep the entire pendulum horizontal. The relative positions of the two beams and the building model satisfy the horizontal impact force applied by the pendulum ball to the building model after the pendulum is lowered. , that is, the angle at which the pendulum falls and swings is 90°.

Further, the pendulum is equipped with a rotating shaft and a sleeve, and two vertical plates are arranged at a certain distance on the first beam, and the plates are symmetrically provided with rotating shaft through holes, and both ends of the rotating shaft pass through the rotating shaft through holes to be fixed on the shaft. Between the two vertical plates, the sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the size of the sleeve and the rotating shaft is sufficient to keep the relative sliding and rotation between the sleeve and the rotating shaft, and the pendulum cable is fixedly connected to the sleeve.

Further, on the rotating shaft, limiters for restricting the sliding of the sleeve on the rotating shaft are provided at both ends of the sleeve.

Further, the stopper is an open ring that matches the diameter of the rotating shaft, the ring is provided with a limit protrusion higher than the diameter of the sleeve, and the two ends of the ring opening are provided with symmetrical locking flanges, After the ring is sleeved into the rotating shaft, the locking flanges are closed by iron wires or spring clips to realize the fixation of the stopper on the rotating shaft, thereby restricting the sliding of the sleeve.

Preferably, in order to increase the stability of the fixing, a gasket can be arranged between the stopper and the sleeve.

Preferably, the stopper can be integrally formed by bending a steel wire.

Further, the shaft through holes on the two vertical plates on the first beam are vertical oval long holes, and two vertical oval screw holes are respectively provided on both sides of the shaft through hole, and the two screw holes are connected to the shaft. The via holes are located on the same straight line; two mounting pads are respectively provided on the outside of the two vertical plates, and the mounting pads are provided with circular shaft via holes and two circular shaft through holes corresponding to the three oval holes on the vertical plate one-to-one. Screw holes, the two ends of the rotating shaft pass through the shaft through holes on the vertical plate and the installation pad in turn, adjust the installation height of the rotating shaft by adjusting the upper and lower positions of the rotating shaft in the oval long hole, and then pass the screws through the vertical plate and install The screw holes on the backing plate fix the mounting backing plate and the vertical plate together to realize the fixed installation of the rotating shaft.

Further, the pendulum cables of the pendulum are two steel cables, the pendulums are steel balls, and the two ends of the pendulum cables are symmetrically connected to the steel balls and the outer wall of the sleeve.

Further, the pendulum frame is a symmetrical frame structure constructed by a horizontal bar and a vertical bar, and the first horizontal beam and the second horizontal beam are perpendicular to the swing surface of the pendulum.

Further, the mounting seat is provided with a ground or desktop protective layer, preferably plywood, to prevent heavy objects from being damaged to the ground or desktop when loading collapses; the plywood is hollowed out according to the size of the mounting seat and the size of the pendulum bracket to pre- Leave a direct fixing position with the desktop or the ground, and fill the gap between the mounting base and the plywood with medium sand.

Further, the weight block is placed on the mounting plate, and is on the opposite side of the side of the building model that falls over after encountering an impact.

Further, the building model is provided with a number of counterweight blocks for applying live loads.

Further, the column feet of the pendulum frame are fixed on the ground or the table top, or sand bags are stacked to prevent the bracket from being displaced during the swinging process of the pendulum.

In the above technical solution of the present utility model, the pendulum frame can be made by welding steel pipes or steel plates, the building model, the mounting seat, the bead, etc. can be made of steel, and the weight block and the counterweight block are selected from iron blocks. The pendulum is provided with multiple sets according to the weight, so that the pendulum can be replaced to exert different levels of horizontal impact. For example, four steel balls with diameters of 63mm, 80mm, 90mm and 100mm can be set, and two steel bars with a diameter of 6mm can be selected for the pendulum cable.

In the above technical solution of the present invention, the structure of the high-rise building model is not unique, and can be changed according to the model structure to be investigated to make the multi-storey building model to be investigated and installed on the loading device of the present invention. Tests subject to accidental impact from aircraft. It is also possible to make a variety of models with different structural forms at the same time. During the test process, by replacing different multi-storey building models to be tested, the ability of different model structures to resist the accidental impact of aircraft can be examined, so as to choose a reasonable structure to guide Design of actual high-rise building models.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present utility model provides a loading device for simulating the accidental impact of an aircraft on a high-rise building model, which is used to implement the accidental impact of an aircraft on a super-high-rise frame structure model as a mechanical aspect in the design of a super-high-rise building after being hit by an aircraft. It can also be used as a teaching and research aid. The device of the utility model can be used for the teaching and experimental device of the civil structure design course of the university, and the device can be used to enrich the classroom practice links of the course. In the teaching process, students can be organized to independently design and make models of super high-rise building models, and then examine the ability of the made models to resist accidental collisions of aircraft, so as to guide students to design and help practice.

2. The device of the present utility model is used as a teaching tool for research on the impact of aircraft in the design and research of high-rise building models. From the installation of the model to the implementation of the load, manual operation can be realized throughout the whole process, which can greatly enhance the students' hands-on ability and the interest of practical classrooms. . For example, the base plate of the model is fixed by several strips and bolts, the vertical live load is applied by adding iron blocks manually, and the pendulum is free to fall by cutting the suspending rope to hit the model to simulate the accidental impact of the aircraft.

3. The device of the present utility model adopts a frame form, which is in a state of being fully open on all sides during the operation process, which is convenient for the audience to observe the whole process.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front schematic view of loading device;

Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the loading device.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the vertical plate and the mounting pad.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the limiter (a) and a schematic view of the installation on the rotating shaft.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation on the base plate and the mounting seat of the building model and the schematic diagram of the position of the weight block.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of loading the loading device.

In the figure, 1-base plate, 2-building model, 3-pendulum frame, 3-1-first beam, 3-2-second beam, 3-3 vertical plate, 3-4-installation backing plate, 4- Pendulum, 4-1-shaft, 4-2 sleeve, 5-stopper, 5-1-washer, 6-pressure bar, 7-weight block, 8-mounting seat, 9-weight iron block, 10 - Sling.

Detailed ways

The loading device of the present utility model will be further described below through specific embodiments. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present utility model, and should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present utility model according to the above-mentioned contents of the invention. The specific implementation still falls within the scope of invention protection.

Example 1

In this embodiment, a loading device for a high-rise building model subjected to accidental impact by an aircraft is implemented. The structure is composed of a high-rise building simulation structure group, an aircraft simulation structure group and a mounting seat. The high-rise building simulation structure group includes a base plate 1, a multi-storey building model 2. The aircraft simulation structure group includes a pendulum frame 3, a pendulum 4, and a limiter 5;

The multi-storey building model consists of four uprights, a roof, a number of floor pieces and a bottom plate. The four uprights are fixed on the bottom plate in an array to form a square column to simulate the shape of the building, and the roof is installed on the top of the square column. Several floor pieces are installed horizontally in the inner space of the square column at equal intervals along the elevation and fixed on the column; the mounting seat is made of a fixed pressure strip 6 used to strengthen the base and the ground, and is used to limit the rotation of the bottom plate during the impact of the building model. Or the displacement weight block 7 and the mounting seat 8 are composed; the said bead is three, spanning and covering the bottom plate of the building model in parallel, and both ends are fixed on the mounting plate, so as to fix the multi-storey building model on the mounting seat. The weights are placed on the mounting plate on the opposite side to the side where the building model falls upon impact.

The pendulum is composed of a pendulum ball and a pendulum cable, the pendulum cable is a rigid steel cable, the pendulum ball is a steel ball, and the pendulum ball is suspended on the first beam through the pendulum cable 3-1, and is spaced at a certain level from the first beam. A second beam 3-2 is provided at a distance, and the horizontal distance is the length of the pendulum cable. The pendulum is suspended on the second beam by a suspending rope before swinging down to keep the entire pendulum horizontal. The relative positions of the two beams and the building model satisfy After the pendulum falls, the pendulum ball exerts a horizontal impact force on the building model, that is, the angle of the pendulum falling and swinging is 90°. The pendulum is provided with a rotating shaft 4-1 and a sleeve 4-2, and two vertical plates 3-3 are arranged on the first beam at a certain distance, and vertical elliptical plates are arranged on the two vertical plates. A shaft through hole in the form of a long hole, a vertical oval screw hole is respectively set on both sides of the shaft through hole, and the two screw holes and the shaft through hole are located on the same line; two mounting pads are respectively provided on the outside of the two vertical plates 3 -4, the installation pad is provided with a circular shaft through hole and two circular screw holes corresponding to the three oval holes on the vertical plate, and the two ends of the shaft pass through the vertical plate and the installation pad in turn The installation height of the shaft is adjusted by adjusting the upper and lower positions of the shaft in the oval long hole, and then the installation pad and the vertical plate are fixed together by screws through the vertical plate and the screw holes on the installation pad. Fixed installation of the shaft. The sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the size of the sleeve and the rotating shaft is sufficient to keep the relative sliding and rotation between the sleeve and the rotating shaft. There are two pendulum cables, the upper ends are respectively welded on the sleeve along the axial direction of the sleeve, and the lower ends are respectively welded with the pendulum ball, and the two pendulum cables are symmetrically arranged. And the length of the sleeve is smaller than the length of the rotating shaft, so that the sleeve can be moved horizontally on the rotating shaft, and the relative position of the pendulum and the multi-storey building model can be changed, thereby changing the impact position. Limiters 5 are provided on the rotating shaft at both ends of the sleeve for limiting the position of the sleeve on the rotating shaft. The limiter is an open ring formed by integrally bending a steel wire that matches the diameter of the rotating shaft. The ring is integrally bent with a limit protrusion that is higher than the diameter of the sleeve, and both ends of the ring opening are provided with Symmetrical locking flange, after the ring is inserted into the rotating shaft, the locking flange is closed by iron wire or spring clip to fix the stopper on the rotating shaft, thereby limiting the sliding of the sleeve. In order to increase the stability of fixing, a gasket 5-1 can be arranged between the stopper and the sleeve.

The pendulum frame is a symmetrical frame structure constructed of horizontal bars and vertical bars, and the first horizontal beam and the second horizontal beam are perpendicular to the swing surface of the pendulum. The column feet of the pendulum frame are fixed on the ground or desktop, or sand bags are stacked to prevent the bracket from being displaced during the swing of the pendulum. The pendulum frame is made by welding steel pipes or steel plates. It consists of 4 columns, 2 beams at the bottom, and 5 beams at the top. The columns and beams are thin-walled square steel pipes. Each connection node is connected by full welding of structural welds, and its shape is square when placed on the ground; vertical steel plates are welded at the distance between the two ends of the first beam.

The mounting base is provided with a ground or desktop protective layer, preferably plywood, to prevent heavy objects from being damaged on the ground or desktop when loading and collapsing; Fill the gaps between the plywood with medium sand.

The building model is matched with a number of counterweight blocks for applying live loads.

In this embodiment, the building model, the mounting seat (steel plate), the bead, etc. can be made of steel, and the weight block and the counterweight block are selected from iron blocks. The pendulum is provided with multiple sets according to the weight, so that the pendulum can be replaced, and different levels of horizontal impact can be applied. Specifically, four steel balls with diameters of 63mm, 80mm, 90mm and 100mm are set. The pendulum cable is two. A steel bar with a diameter of 6mm.

In undergraduate teaching, the loading test method for simulating the accidental impact of the aircraft on the high-rise building model using the device described in this embodiment is as follows:

(1) Model installation. Remove the rotating shaft on the pendulum frame, select a certain level of steel ball pendulum according to the horizontal loading requirements, put the pendulum sleeve on the rotating shaft, and then install the rotating shaft back on the pendulum frame, so that the pendulum is in a natural hanging state. Place the building model on the installation steel plate, select the impacted point of horizontal loading according to the loading requirements, and adjust the position of the model and the pendulum, so that the impacted point of the model horizontally loaded is in contact with the steel ball without displacement. Align the steel ball with the center of the model node. By tightening the bolts to fix the model bottom plate, so that when the model is loaded horizontally, there will be no horizontal and angular sliding between the model bottom plate and the steel plate of the mounting seat, and install the pendulum and the shaft limiter, the limiter can only limit the horizontal sliding of the pendulum, will not restrict its rotation. After installation, hang the pendulum on the second beam with a sling.

(2) Apply vertical loading through the counterweight block on the building mold model. The vertically loaded counterweight iron block is equivalent to the live load, and the loading position is shown in Figure 1.

(3) Apply horizontal impact. Accidental impact is simulated by cutting the sling so that the pendulum swings freely to hit the model.

The test results are conducive to the rational selection of high-rise building model structures, and are conducive to improving students' practical ability and innovative thinking ability. For example, students can directly observe whether the model is collapsed and whether the nodes are damaged in the experiment, qualitatively determine the ability of the model to resist impact according to the damage degree of the model, and improve the model design according to the damage mode and damage area of the model. If you want to quantitatively determine the ability of the model to resist impact, it is usually calculated by comprehensively considering the mass of the model, the number of iron blocks loaded vertically, and the level of steel balls used for horizontal impact to calculate and compare between different structures.

Claims (10)

1. A building model loading device, characterized in that it comprises a high-rise building simulation structure group, an aircraft simulation structure group and a mounting seat, and the high-rise building simulation structure group comprises a base plate (1), a multi-storey building model (2), and the The aircraft simulation structure group includes a pendulum frame (3) and a pendulum (4); The multi-storey building model consists of four uprights, a roof, a number of floor pieces and a bottom plate. The four uprights are fixed on the bottom plate in an array to form a square column to simulate the shape of the building, and the roof is installed on the top of the square column. Several floor pieces are installed horizontally in the inner space of the square column at equal intervals along the elevation and fixed on the column; the mounting seat is composed of a fixed pressure strip (6) used to strengthen the base and the ground, and is used to limit the bottom plate of the building model during the impact process. A weight block (7) that rotates or displaces is formed with a mounting seat (8); the pressing bar spans the bottom plate of the building model, and both ends are fixed on the mounting plate, and the multi-storey building model is fixed on the mounting seat. 2. The building model loading device according to claim 1, wherein the pendulum is composed of a pendulum ball and a pendulum cable, and the pendulum ball is suspended on the first beam provided on the top of the pendulum frame through the pendulum cable (3-1). ), a second beam (3-2) is arranged at a certain horizontal distance from the first beam, and the horizontal distance is the length of the pendulum cable, and the pendulum is suspended from the second beam by the suspension rope before swinging down to keep the entire pendulum horizontal , the relative positions of the two beams and the building model satisfy the horizontal impact force applied by the pendulum ball to the building model after the pendulum falls. 3. The building model loading device according to claim 2, wherein the pendulum is provided with a rotating shaft (4-1) and a sleeve (4-2), and the first beam is provided with Two vertical plates (3-3), the plates are symmetrically provided with through holes for the rotating shaft, the two ends of the rotating shaft are fixed between the two vertical plates through the through holes of the rotating shaft, the sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the size of the sleeve and the rotating shaft is To satisfy the relative sliding and rotation between the holding sleeve and the rotating shaft, the pendulum cable is fixedly connected to the sleeve. 4. The building model loading device according to claim 3, characterized in that, on the rotating shaft, limiters (5-1) for limiting the position of the sleeve on the rotating shaft are provided at both ends of the sleeve. 5. The building model loading device according to claim 4, wherein the stopper is an open ring with a diameter matching the diameter of the rotating shaft, and the ring is provided with a limit protrusion higher than the diameter of the sleeve, and the ring is Symmetrical locking flanges are arranged at both ends of the ring opening. After the ring is inserted into the rotating shaft, the locking flanges are closed by iron wires or spring clips to fix the stopper on the rotating shaft, thereby limiting the sliding of the sleeve. 6 . The building model loading device according to claim 5 , wherein a gasket is provided between the stopper and the sleeve. 7 . 7. The building model loading device according to claim 3, wherein the shaft through holes on the two vertical plates on the first beam are vertical elliptical long holes, and two sides of the shaft through holes are respectively provided with one Vertical oval screw holes, the two screw holes and the shaft through holes are located on the same line; two mounting pads are respectively provided on the outside of the two vertical plates, and the three elliptical holes on the vertical plate are opened on the mounting pads One-to-one corresponding circular shaft through holes and two circular screw holes, both ends of the shaft pass through the shaft through holes on the vertical plate and the mounting pad in turn, and adjust the upper and lower positions of the shaft in the oval elongated hole. The installation height of the rotating shaft, and then the fixed installation of the rotating shaft is realized by fixing the mounting plate and the vertical plate together through the screw through the vertical plate and the screw holes on the mounting plate. 8. The building model loading device according to any one of claims 2-7, wherein the pendulum cable of the pendulum is two steel cables, the pendulum is a steel ball, and the two ends of the pendulum cable are symmetrical Connected to the steel ball and the outer wall of the sleeve. 9. The building model loading device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the pendulum frame is a symmetrical frame structure constructed of cross bars and vertical bars, the first cross beam and the second cross beam perpendicular to the swing surface of the pendulum. 10. A building model loading device according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that the weight block is placed on the mounting plate, and is on the opposite side of the side of the building model that falls over after encountering a collision The building model is equipped with a number of counterweight blocks to apply live loads; the column feet of the pendulum frame are fixed on the ground or on the desktop, or sand bags are stacked to prevent the bracket from being displaced during the swing of the pendulum.

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