CN211777627U - Power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels - Google Patents
Power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels Download PDFInfo
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- CN211777627U CN211777627U CN201922378019.0U CN201922378019U CN211777627U CN 211777627 U CN211777627 U CN 211777627U CN 201922378019 U CN201922378019 U CN 201922378019U CN 211777627 U CN211777627 U CN 211777627U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a retrieve power generation system of different warm position waste heat. The system comprises: a plurality of evaporation devices, at least one expansion machine, a condensing device and a power generation device. The plurality of evaporation devices are used for respectively exchanging heat with different waste heat media so as to heat a heat exchange working medium; the plurality of evaporation devices are communicated with the expander, and heat exchange working medium steam generated by heating the heat exchange working medium enters the expander; one end of the condensing device is connected with the expander, the other end of the condensing device is respectively connected with the plurality of evaporation devices, the power generation device is in transmission connection with the expander, and the expander drives the power generation device to generate power. The utility model provides a system can concentrate and utilize different warm position waste heat to heat the heat transfer working medium of different pressures respectively and make its evaporation, then becomes different pressure heat transfer working medium steam and gets into the expansion work of multistage expander, has realized the purpose of the concentrated recovery electricity generation of different warm position waste heat.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a waste heat power generation field especially relates to a retrieve power generation system and power generation method of different temperature position waste heat.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, the energy demand rapidly rises, but the overall utilization efficiency of energy is low. According to statistical data, the primary energy utilization rate of China at the present stage is about 30%, which is only 1/2 in Japan, and further huge energy waste exists. Therefore, improving the energy utilization efficiency becomes an important means for energy conservation and environmental protection in the current country.
According to the conjecture of experts, the total waste heat resources of the industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, chemical industry, cement, building materials, petroleum, petrochemical industry, light industry, coal and the like account for 17% -67% of the total fuel consumption, and according to the primary energy consumption condition of 2018 in China, namely according to the fact that the total waste heat resources of China account for 40% of the total energy consumption, the total waste heat resources of 2018 reach 18.48 hundred million tons of standard coal. Therefore, the waste heat resources of China are very rich. On the premise of the basic policy of implementing energy conservation and emission reduction and improving the energy utilization efficiency and the environmental protection requirement in China, the more effective and efficient utilization of waste heat resources is important.
Besides the huge amount of industrial waste heat resources, the industrial waste heat resources also have the characteristic of different temperature levels. For example, a large amount of waste heat resources with different temperature levels, including hot water, low-pressure steam, gasoline, diesel oil, tower top gas, top reflux gas, flue gas, process circulating cooling water, process wastewater, oil extraction wastewater and the like, are generated in the production process of industrial enterprises such as petrochemical engineering and the like, and the waste heat resources are large in quantity and exist simultaneously, so that the utilization value is high, but the waste heat resources cannot be uniformly and efficiently recycled due to different temperatures.
The common methods for recycling waste heat mainly comprise a waste heat boiler, an intermediate heating medium water method, an air preheating method, a flue gas-fluid heat exchanger method, a heating material and the like. However, each method can only recover the waste heat at the same temperature level. For example, the exhaust-heat boiler can only recover high-temperature exhaust heat; the flue gas-fluid heat exchanger method can only recover the flue gas waste heat. If the residual heat of different temperature levels exists at the same time, a plurality of sets of recovery devices are required to be built, so that more equipment is required, the workload of operation and maintenance is large, the initial investment is increased, and the investment return period is prolonged. If the intermediate heat medium and the waste heat at different temperature levels are used for heat exchange and then are used in a centralized manner, the phenomena of secondary heat exchange and temperature level loss exist, the heat loss is large, the temperature level of the intermediate heat medium is low, and the high-efficiency utilization of the waste heat cannot be realized.
Thus. The technical problem to be solved urgently is to realize the efficient utilization of the waste heat at different temperature levels according to the characteristic that the temperature levels of the waste heat are different.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a power generation system and a power generation method for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels, which are used to solve at least one of the above problems.
The utility model particularly discloses a retrieve power generation system of different warm position waste heat. The system comprises:
the plurality of evaporation devices are used for respectively exchanging heat with different waste heat media so as to heat a heat exchange working medium;
the plurality of evaporation devices are communicated with the expansion machine, and heat exchange working medium steam generated by heating the heat exchange working medium in the plurality of evaporation devices enters the expansion machine;
one end of the condensing device is connected with the expander and is used for receiving the heat exchange working medium dead steam generated after the heat exchange working medium steam output by the expander does work and condensing the dead steam into the heat exchange working medium, and the other end of the condensing device is respectively connected with the plurality of evaporating devices and is used for conveying the condensed heat exchange working medium to the plurality of evaporating devices;
and the power generation device is in transmission connection with the expansion machine, and the expansion machine drives the power generation device to generate power.
In an embodiment, further comprising: and the working medium pump is positioned between the condensing device and the evaporating device and is used for driving the heat exchange working medium.
In an embodiment, the number of the expansion machines is one, a plurality of working medium inlets are arranged on the expansion machines, and the working medium inlets are respectively connected with the evaporation device.
In an embodiment, the expander is a plurality of expanders, a plurality of the expanders are connected in series, and each of the expanders is connected to the corresponding evaporation device.
In an embodiment, the temperature of the waste heat medium is between 60 and 300 ℃, and the waste heat medium comprises at least one of hot water, low-pressure steam, gasoline, diesel oil, top gas, top return gas, flue gas, process circulating cooling water, process wastewater, oil extraction wastewater, converted gas and unconverted gas.
In an embodiment, the expander comprises at least one of an axial flow, centrifugal, radial flow turboexpander or a screw expander.
In an embodiment, the expander has a multi-stage expansion function, the expander includes at least one working medium inlet with a pressure level, and the heat exchange working medium steam with at least one pressure generated by the evaporation device respectively enters the working medium inlets with the pressure levels corresponding to the expander to perform expansion work.
In an embodiment, the heat exchange working medium comprises one or more of a mixture of R290, R134a, R600a, R600, R601a, R123, R245fa, R143a, R32, R23, R1234ze, CO2 and ammonia water.
In one embodiment, the condensing device comprises one or more of a water-cooled condensing device, an air-cooled condensing device or an evaporative air-cooled condensing device.
In an embodiment, the residual heat medium includes the residual heat medium with different temperature levels or different temperature levels and different types.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a retrieve power generation system of different temperature position waste heat can concentrate the heat transfer working medium that utilizes different temperature position waste heat to heat different pressures respectively and make its evaporation, then becomes different pressure heat transfer working medium steam and gets into the expansion work of multistage expander, turns into multiple temperature position heat energy mechanical energy, drives the generator electricity generation at last, has realized the purpose of different temperature position waste heat concentrated recovery electricity generations.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings, which specify the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not so limited in scope. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a cyclic power generation method for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention and are not used for limiting the scope of the present invention, and after reading the present invention, the modifications of the present invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present application.
The first embodiment:
fig. 1 shows a power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels, which mainly aims at realizing centralized utilization of waste heat media at different temperature levels when waste heat media at different temperature levels are generated in the production process of an industrial enterprise, wherein the waste heat temperature range of the waste heat media at different temperature levels can be between 60 ℃ and 300 ℃. For example, the types of waste heat medium may include one or more of hot water, low pressure steam, gasoline, diesel, overhead gas, overhead return gas, flue gas, process circulating cooling water, process wastewater, oil recovery wastewater, shift gas, and the like. The waste heat medium can be expressed as a waste heat medium H-1 to a waste heat medium H-n according to different waste heat temperature levels and different waste heat types, wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1. Similarly, the vaporization apparatus may include 1-1 to 1-n vaporization apparatuses. The system further comprises: the expansion machine 2, the generator 3, the condensing device 4, the working medium pump 5-1 to the working medium pump 5-n, the cold source C (C-1 and C-2 represent the state before and after the cold source C enters the condensing device 4), and the like.
One side of the inlet of the expansion machine 2 is communicated with each evaporation device and is used for receiving the steam of the heat exchange working medium generated in the evaporation device. One side of the outlet of the expansion machine 2 is connected with the condensing device 4 and is used for outputting the heat exchange working medium after doing work and generating electricity to the condensing device 4. The condensing device 4 is connected with each evaporating device through a working medium pump, and a circulating system is further formed.
The n-strand waste heat medium heat sources respectively enter the power generation system through inlets H-1-H-n-1 of the n groups of evaporation devices and flow out of the evaporation devices through outlets H-1-2-H-n-2 of the n groups of evaporation devices (namely the inlet of each evaporation device is represented by-1, and the outlet is represented by-2). In the process, the heat exchange is carried out with a heat exchange working medium (namely, a low-boiling point working medium), and then the heat exchange working medium is heated into n groups of heat exchange working medium steam with different pressures. The n groups of heat exchange working medium gases respectively enter n corresponding inlets of the multistage expander 2, and are expanded in the expander 2 to do work to change the heat exchange working medium into the heat exchange working medium which flows out of the expander 2 to drive the generator 3 to rotate so as to generate electricity.
Wherein, n inlets means that the expander 2 has n stages of expansion functions. The pressure of the n-1 stage outlet is the inlet pressure of the nth high-pressure heat exchange working medium steam, namely if the pressure of the n steam entering the expander 2 is P1-Pn, P1> P2> … … > Pn. After the steam with the pressure of P1 comes out from the expander 2, the steam pressure is changed to about P2 for the reason of power generation and work, and similarly, the pressure is changed from P2 to Pn and so on.
And the n-1 heat exchange working medium steam before the n-th heat exchange working medium steam is converged enters the nth stage of expansion of the expander, and the expanded heat exchange working medium steam flows out from the outlet of the expander. The heat exchange working medium exhaust steam flowing out of the expansion machine 2 enters the condensing device 4 to exchange heat with a cold source, flows out through an outlet of the condensing device after being changed into liquid state, enters the working medium pumps 5-1 to 5-n, and respectively enters the corresponding evaporation devices 1-1 to 1-n after being pressurized, so that the whole system circulation is completed.
Alternatively, the expander 2 capable of realizing multistage expansion may be an axial flow type, centrifugal type, radial type turbo expander or screw expander, and the expander has multistage inlets with different pressures. The n heat exchange working medium inlets of the expansion machine 2 are sequentially arranged according to the pressing force, and the mass flow of the heat exchange working medium entering the last stage of expansion is the sum of the mass flow of the n heat exchange working medium inlets. For a better operation of the expansion machine 2, it is provided with a corresponding lubrication system.
Optionally, the cooling mode of the condensing device 4 may be water cooling, air cooling, evaporative air cooling, or other forms, and needs to be specifically designed according to the actual requirements of industrial enterprises, but no matter what mode, the cold source needs to meet the requirement of heat exchange working medium exhaust steam condensation at the same time. The mass flow of the heat exchange working medium outlet of the condensing device 4 needs to be equal to the mass flow of the heat exchange working medium entering the n inlets of the expansion machine 2.
The utility model discloses the system has n return circuits S-1 to S-n, and this n return circuit intermediate cycle working medium is the heat transfer working medium, is different from traditional system with water heat transfer working medium, and heat transfer working medium boiling point is low, can realize more efficient energy conversion. The heat exchange working medium is selected from one or a mixture of more of R290, R134a, R600a, R600, R601a, R123, R245fa, R143a, R32, R23, R1234ze, CO2, ammonia water and the like, and screening is carried out according to safety, environmental protection and the thermophysical properties of the heat exchange working medium. The loops can be pure heat exchange working media or a mixture of two or more pure heat exchange working media, but the types of the heat exchange working media in the loops in the same system need to be the same.
Optionally, the embodiment of the utility model provides an evaporation plant and condensing equipment all can be for pressure-bearing equipment, need satisfy the leakproofness requirement, prevent to reveal. While evaporation plant 1-1> evaporation plant 1-2 … … > evaporation plant 1-n for pressure bearing capacity. The n loops share one expander and one or more condensing units, but each loop is provided with one evaporating device and one working medium pump independently, and the whole system is provided with two or more evaporating devices and working medium pumps.
Second embodiment:
fig. 2 shows a power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels. The structure of the power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels provided by the second embodiment is similar to that of fig. 1, and is not repeated herein. The method mainly aims at the situation that a plurality of waste heat media with different grades exist in the production process of industrial enterprises, wherein two or more than two waste heat media have the same temperature level but different types of the waste heat media.
The third embodiment:
the third embodiment also provides a power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels. The third embodiment provides a system similar to fig. 1, except that the system includes expanders 2 (not shown) in an amount corresponding to the number of evaporation devices, that is, n evaporators are provided, and the working medium steam generated by each evaporator enters the corresponding expander 2, and then is converged to flow into the condensing unit 4 after performing work to generate electricity.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a retrieve power generation system of different warm position waste heat can concentrate the heat transfer working medium that utilizes different warm position waste heat medium to heat different pressures respectively and make its evaporation, then becomes different pressure heat transfer working medium steam and gets into the expansion work of multistage expander, turns into multiple warm position heat energy mechanical energy, drives the generator electricity generation at last, has realized the purpose of different warm position waste heat medium concentrated recovery electricity generation.
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention further provides a cyclic power generation method using waste heat at different temperature levels, comprising the following steps:
s101: selecting heat exchange working media suitable for intensively recovering waste heat media with different temperature positions according to different waste heat media;
s102: determining the evaporation pressure of the heat exchange working medium corresponding to each waste heat medium according to different waste heat media, so that the evaporation pressure of the heat exchange working medium is matched with the waste heat media;
s103: connecting a plurality of working medium pumps, a plurality of evaporation devices, at least one expansion machine and at least one condensing device to form a power generation loop;
s104: different waste heat media heat the heat exchange working medium in the evaporation device to form heat exchange working medium steam with corresponding pressure;
s105: the heat exchange working medium steam with different pressures respectively enters corresponding inlets of the expansion machines and expands in the expansion machines to do work so as to drive the generator to generate electricity;
s106: the waste steam of the heat exchange working medium after acting is discharged out of the expander and enters the condensing device to be condensed into the heat exchange working medium;
in the step, one outlet of the expansion machine can be provided, and the heat exchange working medium exhaust steam generated after the heat exchange working medium steam entering through each inlet does work is uniformly discharged from one outlet.
S107: and the condensed heat exchange working medium is pressurized by the working medium pump and then is input into the corresponding evaporation device again for recycling.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of the subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego such subject matter, nor should the inventors be construed as having contemplated such subject matter as being part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a retrieve power generation system of different temperature position waste heat which characterized in that includes:
the plurality of evaporation devices are used for respectively exchanging heat with different waste heat media so as to heat a heat exchange working medium;
the plurality of evaporation devices are communicated with the expansion machine, and heat exchange working medium steam generated by heating the heat exchange working medium in the plurality of evaporation devices enters the expansion machine;
one end of the condensing device is connected with the expander and is used for receiving the heat exchange working medium dead steam generated after the heat exchange working medium steam output by the expander does work and condensing the dead steam into the heat exchange working medium, and the other end of the condensing device is respectively connected with the plurality of evaporating devices and is used for conveying the condensed heat exchange working medium to the plurality of evaporating devices;
and the power generation device is in transmission connection with the expansion machine, and the expansion machine drives the power generation device to generate power.
2. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the working medium pump is positioned between the condensing device and the evaporating device and is used for driving the heat exchange working medium.
3. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperatures according to claim 1, wherein the expansion machine is a single machine, a plurality of working medium inlets are arranged on the expansion machine, and the working medium inlets are respectively connected with the evaporation device.
4. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperatures according to claim 1, wherein the number of the expanders is plural, a plurality of the expanders are connected in series, and each of the expanders is connected to the corresponding evaporation device.
5. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the waste heat medium is 60-300 ℃, and the waste heat medium comprises at least one of hot water, low-pressure steam, gasoline, diesel oil, tower top gas, top return gas, flue gas, process circulating cooling water, process wastewater, oil extraction wastewater, converted gas and unchanged gas.
6. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperatures according to claim 3, wherein the expander comprises at least one of an axial flow type, a centrifugal type, a radial flow type turbo expander or a screw expander.
7. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels according to claim 6, wherein the expander has a multi-stage expansion function, the expander comprises at least one working medium inlet with a pressure level, and the heat exchange working medium steam with at least one pressure generated by the evaporation device respectively enters the working medium inlets with the corresponding pressure levels of the expander to do expansion work.
8. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange working medium comprises one or a mixture of more of R290, R134a, R600a, R600, R601a, R123, R245fa, R143a, R32, R23, R1234ze, CO2 and ammonia water.
9. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperatures according to claim 1, wherein the condensing device comprises one or more of a water-cooled condensing device, an air-cooled condensing device or an evaporative air-cooled condensing device, and the number of the condensing devices is at least one.
10. The power generation system for recovering waste heat at different temperatures according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat medium comprises the waste heat medium with different temperatures or different temperatures and types.
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| CN111042885A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Power generation system and power generation method for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels |
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| CN111042885A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Power generation system and power generation method for recovering waste heat at different temperature levels |
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Address after: 201108 Shanghai city Minhang District Huaning Road No. 3111 Patentee after: The 711 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Corp. Patentee after: SHANGHAI QIYAO THERMAL ENERGY ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201108 Shanghai city Minhang District Huaning Road No. 3111 Patentee before: Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute Patentee before: SHANGHAI QIYAO THERMAL ENERGY ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. |