CN211734346U - Anaerobic digestion device - Google Patents
Anaerobic digestion device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211734346U CN211734346U CN201921021757.3U CN201921021757U CN211734346U CN 211734346 U CN211734346 U CN 211734346U CN 201921021757 U CN201921021757 U CN 201921021757U CN 211734346 U CN211734346 U CN 211734346U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an anaerobic digestion device, which comprises a reactor, an anaerobic fermentation tank, a mud-water separation system and an anaerobic treatment tank; the reactor comprises an enzyme production zone, an enzyme storage zone and a hydrolysis zone. The solid waste is subjected to ultra-high temperature treatment to generate a specific enzyme preparation, so that the cell breaking and dissolution are accelerated, and the anaerobic digestion is accelerated. The enzyme production, the enzyme storage and the hydrolysis are integrated, and the continuous production and the continuous feeding of the enzyme preparation are realized. By utilizing the sludge digestion process of the reactor, the volatile solid of the sludge can be reduced by 40-60% within 3-15 days; by utilizing the kitchen waste digestion process of the reactor, the volatile solid of the kitchen waste can be reduced by 40-80% within 3-15 days. The reactor has strong adaptability and good sludge reduction effect, can generate more methane, accelerates the sludge or kitchen waste reduction process, and saves the solid waste disposal cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to solid waste's resourceization and minimizing field, concretely relates to anaerobic digestion device, the main objective is through carrying out ultra-high temperature treatment to solid waste such as mud, kitchen garbage and producing specific enzyme preparation, the broken hydrolysis of dissolving out and macromolecular organic matter of acceleration cell, and then the anaerobic digestion process with higher speed.
Background
Biological methods are currently the most economical and effective means for treating sewage, but generate a large amount of sludge in the process of treating sewage. In 2016, the sludge production in China is over 3000 ten thousand tons. And with the emphasis of China on sewage treatment, the production amount of sludge will be continuously increased. Estimated that the production of the sludge in 2020 years of China can reach 6000-9000 ten thousand tons. As a by-product of sewage treatment, sludge contains a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms and parasitic ova, and if discharged without proper treatment, these harmful microorganisms are transmitted to human beings through animals and plants, thereby causing serious public health problems. Meanwhile, the sludge contains a large amount of organic pollutants, and secondary pollution to underground water and soil can be caused by directly discharging the organic pollutants. Untreated sludge is easy to decay and has malodor, which seriously affects the normal life of surrounding residents. The kitchen waste is a domestic waste formed by residents in the process of domestic consumption, and is also characterized by easy decay and deterioration, odor emission, bacteria and virus transmission and the like. Along with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization processes, the production amount of urban kitchen waste is larger and larger. Improper disposal of kitchen waste can cause huge harm, such as affecting urban appearance and human living environment, spreading diseases, and the like.
Anaerobic digestion is a commonly used sludge treatment and kitchen waste disposal technique at present. Anaerobic digestion is a process of gradually degrading and converting organic matters in solid wastes into methane, carbon dioxide, water and the like under the action of anaerobic microorganisms under the anoxic condition. The technology has the advantages that part of organic matters in the solid waste can be converted into methane, and the organic matters are recycled. However, hydrolysis is a limiting step in the anaerobic digestion process, so that the reaction rate is slow, the reaction period is long, the investment cost is high, and the process management is complex.
The utility model provides an anaerobic digestion device utilizes the enzyme preparation that the microorganism produced to break the cell, makes organic matter dissolve out, accelerates the decomposition of macromolecule organic matter, can realize solid waste's minimizing fast, practices thrift the cost of handling.
Disclosure of Invention
To conventional anaerobic digestion solid waste decrement inefficiency, the long problem of reaction time, combine above-mentioned background art, the utility model provides a handle solid waste's hydrolysis reactor.
The utility model discloses technical scheme as follows:
the reactor comprises three parts, an enzyme production area, an enzyme storage area and a hydrolysis area.
The solid waste comprises sludge or kitchen waste, and the kitchen waste refers to kitchen waste after primary screening and crushing are completed.
When the reactor is used for treating sludge, the following reactions are respectively carried out in the three areas:
an enzyme producing area: a small amount of sludge to be treated is put in the reactor, and the sludge is treated by high temperature and oxygen. And (2) carrying out high-temperature fermentation on each cubic meter of sludge with the aeration amount of 0.05-0.2 m, wherein the temperature in the area can be naturally increased to 60-90 ℃ in the process, and the sludge generates specific enzyme preparations including cellulase, amylase, lipase, protease, lysozyme, lignin catalase and the like in a high-temperature state. These enzymes can break cell walls and membranes of cells, and accelerate the dissolution of organic substances in cells. The reaction in the area adopts sequencing batch type, the reaction time of each batch is 3-18 h, and after the reaction is finished, the sludge of 1/3-1/2 is discharged into an enzyme storage area for later use.
An enzyme storage area: the sludge enters an enzyme storage area for temporary storage after reaction in an enzyme production area, and then the sludge containing specific enzyme preparation continuously enters a hydrolysis area through a delivery pump.
A hydrolysis area: this zone is subjected to hydrolysis of the sludge. After sludge to be treated enters a hydrolysis area, a specific enzyme preparation in the sludge input from the upper part is utilized for hydrolysis, under the action of enzyme, the soluble organic matter of the sludge can be obviously increased within 6-48 h, and SCOD/TCOD is increased to 25% -40%.
When the reactor is used for disposing the sludge, the microorganism contained in the sludge is utilized to produce enzyme and hydrolyze.
When the reactor disposes kitchen garbage, the following reaction is carried out respectively in three region:
an enzyme producing area: a small amount of kitchen waste to be treated and a certain amount of activated sludge are put into the sewage treatment tank for high-temperature treatment. Wherein the activated sludge is added once as the inoculated sludge, and the adding amount is 30-60% of the volume of the enzyme production area. Carrying out high-temperature fermentation on solid waste per cubic meter at an aeration rate of 0.05-0.2 m, wherein the temperature in the area can be naturally increased to 60-90 ℃ in the process, and microorganisms generate specific enzyme preparations including cellulase, amylase, lipase, protease, lysozyme, lignin catalase and the like in a high-temperature state. These enzymes can destroy the structure of macromolecular organic substances and accelerate the hydrolysis of the organic substances. The reaction in the region is performed in a sequencing batch mode, the reaction time of each batch is 2-10 hours, and after the reaction is finished, the food waste of 1/3-1/2 is discharged into an enzyme storage region for later use.
An enzyme storage area: the kitchen waste enters an enzyme storage area for temporary storage after reacting in an enzyme production area, and then the kitchen waste containing specific enzyme preparation continuously enters a hydrolysis area through a delivery pump.
A hydrolysis area: the hydrolysis of the kitchen waste is carried out in this area. Firstly, adding activated sludge into the hydrolysis area, wherein the activated sludge is added once as inoculated sludge, and the adding amount is 20-50% of the volume of the hydrolysis area. Then, the kitchen waste quantitatively enters a hydrolysis area and is hydrolyzed under the action of a specific enzyme preparation, the soluble organic matters of the kitchen waste can be obviously increased within 3-24 hours, and SCOD/TCOD is increased to 30% -70%.
When the reactor is used for treating kitchen waste, microorganisms in activated sludge added in an enzyme production area decompose the kitchen waste and produce enzyme under the action of high temperature, the microorganisms are a source of a specific enzyme preparation, the specific enzyme preparation has the function of accelerating the step of 'hydrolysis', macromolecular organic matters such as cellulose and grease are decomposed and broken chains, and the follow-up reaction is facilitated. The purpose of adding the activated sludge in the hydrolysis area is to realize the complete decomposition of the solid waste through the combined action of enzyme and microorganism, and complete the processes of hydrolysis → acidification → hydrogen production and acetic acid production → methane production and the like. In order to accelerate the process of decomposition and enzyme production, the activated sludge is preferably anaerobic sludge or anaerobically digested sludge.
The amount of the solid waste to be treated in the enzyme production area is 1% -10% of the total amount of the solid waste to be treated, and the water content of the solid waste is 70% -90%; the water content of the solid waste in the hydrolysis area is 90-97%.
The reactor can be used in an anaerobic digestion process, which specifically comprises: the system comprises a reactor 1, an anaerobic fermentation tank 2, a mud-water separation system 3 and an anaerobic treatment tank 4. The process flow is as follows: hydrolyzing solid waste to be treated in a reactor 1, and then fermenting in an anaerobic fermentation tank 2 for 3-10 d (for sludge) or 2-7 d (for kitchen waste); and discharging the fermentation liquor into a solid-liquid separation system 3 after the fermentation is finished, performing dehydration treatment after solid precipitation, and further treating the fermentation liquor in an anaerobic treatment tank 4.
The solid waste to be treated in the enzyme production area can generate enzyme under the action of high temperature, the enzyme is a product of microorganisms in the solid waste, and extra addition is not needed, so that the cost for purchasing enzyme preparations on the market is saved; the sludge in the enzyme production area continuously produces enzyme preparations which are continuously supplied for anaerobic digestion; the enzymes produced by different solid wastes are different due to the difference of the components, but the enzymes produced by certain solid wastes are more specific and specific to the sludge, namely the enzymes are more helpful for anaerobic digestion of the solid wastes, and the reduction process of the solid wastes is accelerated.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: when utilizing commercially available enzyme preparation to hydrolyze, there are poor and with high costs problem of adaptability, the utility model discloses utilize the solid waste of treating to produce specific enzyme preparation, these enzymes have more pertinence to solid waste's hydrolysis, can accelerate the broken of cell to dissolve out, promote the hydrolysis of mud organic matter. Traditional anaerobic digestion technology need carry out the preliminary treatment to mud etc. usually, utilizes the utility model discloses in when the reactor carries out anaerobic digestion, need not to set up in addition the preliminary treatment workshop section and can reach good hydrolysis effect, retrencied anaerobic digestion technology, reduced investment and operation cost. Utilize the utility model discloses in the reactor can improve methane output greatly, and these methane can regard as the energy reuse.
The reactor of the utility model integrates the processes of enzyme production, enzyme storage and hydrolysis into one reactor, reduces the occupied area of the reactor, saves resources and realizes the continuous production and continuous addition of enzyme preparation; the traditional anaerobic sludge digestion process can only reduce the sludge by 30% within 20-30 days, and the volatile solid of the sludge can be reduced by 40-60% within 3-15 days by utilizing the sludge digestion process of the reactor; the kitchen waste can be reduced by 30% in 15-20 days of the traditional anaerobic kitchen waste digestion process, and by using the kitchen waste digestion process of the reactor, the volatile solid of the kitchen waste can be reduced by 40-80% in 3-15 days. The reactor has strong adaptability and good sludge reduction effect, can generate more methane, accelerates the sludge or kitchen waste reduction process, and saves the solid waste disposal cost. In addition, based on the action of a specific enzyme preparation, the reactor can effectively deodorize, so that the problem of obvious peculiar smell in the anaerobic digestion process is avoided; the reactor has simple structure and good sludge hydrolysis effect, can be matched with a conventional digestion process for use, and has universal applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a reactor for accelerating anaerobic digestion and a process thereof
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a reactor for anaerobic digestion in comparative example and a process flow diagram thereof
Reference numerals
1-a reactor; 2-anaerobic fermentation tank; 3-a solid-liquid separation system; 4-fermentation liquor anaerobic treatment tank; 5-1# delivery pump; 6-an aeration pump; 7-1# stirrer; 8-enzyme producing zone; 9-enzyme storage region; 10-2# delivery pump; 11-a hydrolysis zone; 12-3# delivery pump; 13-2# stirrer; 14-4# delivery pump; 15-3# stirrer; 16-1# vent hole; 17-a water inlet pump; 18-2# vent hole;
19-2# reactor; 20-2# anaerobic fermentation tank; 21-2# solid-liquid separation system; a 22-2# fermentation liquor anaerobic treatment tank; 23-5# delivery pump; 24-2# hydrolysis zone; 25-4# stirrer; 26-6# delivery pump; 27-5# stirrer; 28-3# vent hole; 29-2# water inlet pump; 30-4# exhaust hole.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a reactor and process for accelerating anaerobic digestion.
The reaction apparatus is set up as shown in FIG. 1, and the process operation flow is described as follows:
description of the reactor operating scheme: a part of the solid waste to be treated enters an enzyme production area 8 through a No. 1 delivery pump 5, the enzyme production area 8 is properly aerated by an aeration pump 6, and a No. 1 stirrer 7 is started to properly disturb the solid waste. After the solid waste is fully reacted in the enzyme production zone 8, enzyme-containing solid waste is formed, and then the enzyme-containing solid waste is discharged into the enzyme storage zone 9 and is continuously injected into the hydrolysis zone 11 through a No. 2 delivery pump 10. Most of the solid waste to be treated enters the hydrolysis area 11 through the 3# delivery pump 12, and the solid waste is fully mixed with the solid waste containing enzyme input from the enzyme storage area 9 under the action of the 2# stirrer 13, so that organic matters in the solid waste are gradually hydrolyzed.
Description of anaerobic digestion process flow: after the solid waste to be treated is hydrolyzed in the reactor 1, the solid waste flows into the anaerobic fermentation tank 2 through the No. 4 delivery pump 14, the No. 3 stirrer 15 is intermittently started to enable the solid-liquid mixture to be fully fermented in the anaerobic fermentation tank 2, organic matters are degraded into methane, carbon dioxide, water and the like, the purpose of reducing the solid waste is achieved, and generated gas is discharged from the No. 1 exhaust hole 16. And discharging the fermented solid-liquid mixture from the anaerobic fermentation tank 2 into a solid-liquid separation system 3, inputting the supernatant after precipitation into a fermentation liquid anaerobic treatment tank 4 through a water inlet pump 17 for continuous treatment, and treating the residual solid after dehydration.
Example 1
Adopt the utility model discloses a reactor is handled certain municipal sewage treatment plant excess sludge, and pending mud total amount is 100kg (moisture content 90%), and mud total solid content (TSS) is 10kg, volatile solid (VSS) content 6 kg. Establishing a reactor with a total volume of 12L, wherein the effective volume of an enzyme production area is 1L, the effective volume of an enzyme storage area is 0.5L, and the effective volume of a hydrolysis area is 8L; and an anaerobic fermentation tank with the volume of 60L and a sludge-water separation tank with the volume of 5L are respectively established by matching the reactors. The sludge to be treated with a proper amount of water content of 80% is thrown into an enzyme production area, stirring is started, the aeration amount is 0.05L, a sequencing batch operation mode is adopted, half of the sludge is discharged to an enzyme storage area after 3 hours of reaction, and then the sludge is continuously conveyed to a hydrolysis area. Sludge to be treated with water content of 90% is pumped into a hydrolysis area through a sludge delivery pump, under the action of a stirrer, the sludge is mixed with enzyme-containing sludge input from an enzyme storage area and reacts, organic matters in the sludge are rapidly hydrolyzed, insoluble organic matters are converted into soluble organic matters, a continuous flow operation mode is adopted, the retention time is 6 hours, and the SCOD/TCOD of the sludge is increased by 41% when the sludge is discharged after the hydrolysis is completed. And (3) performing anaerobic fermentation on the hydrolyzed sludge for 3d, then performing sludge-water separation, and finally performing advanced treatment on the fermentation liquor and sludge dehydration treatment. After the digestion of all the sludge is completed, the gas production reduction rate is calculated, and the result is shown in table 1.
Example 2
Adopt the utility model discloses a reactor is handled certain industrial sewage treatment plant excess sludge, and pending mud total amount is 80kg (moisture content 90%), and total solid content of mud (TSS) is 8kg, volatile solid (VSS) content 4 kg. The reactor and reaction process were the same as in example 1. Pumping a proper amount of sludge to be treated with water content of 70% into an enzyme production area, starting stirring and aerating by 0.1L, adopting a sequencing batch operation mode, discharging half of the sludge to an enzyme storage area after reacting for 12h, and then continuously inputting the sludge to a hydrolysis area. Sludge to be treated with water content of 90% is pumped into a hydrolysis area through a sludge delivery pump, under the action of a stirrer, the sludge is mixed with enzyme-containing sludge input from an enzyme storage area and reacts, organic matters in the sludge are rapidly hydrolyzed, insoluble organic matters are converted into soluble organic matters, a continuous flow operation mode is adopted, the retention time is 36h, and the SCOD/TCOD of the sludge is increased by 34% when the sludge is discharged after hydrolysis is completed. And (3) performing anaerobic fermentation on the hydrolyzed sludge for 8d, then performing sludge-water separation, and finally performing advanced treatment on the fermentation liquor and sludge dehydration treatment. After the digestion of all the sludge is completed, the gas production reduction rate is calculated, and the result is shown in table 2.
Example 3
Adopt the utility model discloses a reactor is handled the kitchen garbage in certain colleges and universities' dining room, and pending kitchen garbage total amount is 100kg (moisture content 90%), and kitchen garbage total solid content (TSS) is 10kg, volatile solid (VSS) content 9 kg. Establishing a novel reactor with a total volume of 12L, wherein the effective volume of an enzyme production area is 1L, the effective volume of an enzyme storage area is 0.5L, and the effective volume of a hydrolysis area is 8L; and an anaerobic fermentation tank with the volume of 60L and a solid-liquid separation tank with the volume of 5L are respectively established by matching with the novel reactor. Firstly, adding anaerobic sludge into an enzyme production area and a hydrolysis area of a reactor, wherein the adding amount is 0.3L and 1.6L respectively, then pumping a proper amount of kitchen waste to be treated with water content of 80% into the enzyme production area, starting stirring and aerating for 0.05L, adopting a sequential batch operation mode, discharging half of the kitchen waste to an enzyme storage area after reacting for 2 hours, and then continuously inputting the kitchen waste to the hydrolysis area. The kitchen waste to be treated with the water content of 90% is pumped into a hydrolysis area through a kitchen waste delivery pump, under the action of a stirrer, the kitchen waste is mixed with the kitchen waste containing enzyme input from an enzyme storage area and reacts, organic matters in the kitchen waste are rapidly hydrolyzed, insoluble organic matters are converted into soluble organic matters, a continuous flow operation mode is adopted, the retention time is 3 hours, and the SCOD/TCOD of the kitchen waste is increased by 72% when the kitchen waste is discharged after hydrolysis is completed. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the kitchen waste with enough hydrolysis for 2d, then solid-liquid separation is carried out, and finally advanced treatment of fermentation liquor and dehydration treatment of the residual waste are carried out. After all the kitchen waste is digested, the gas production rate reduction rate is calculated, and the result is shown in table 3.
Comparative example 1
The process flow of the comparative example is shown in FIG. 2 (no enzyme production zone and no enzyme storage zone are provided), and the specific process is as follows: the solid waste to be treated enters the No. 2 reactor 19 through the No. 5 delivery pump 23, hydrolysis reaction occurs in the No. 2 hydrolysis area 24, then the solid waste flows into the anaerobic fermentation tank 20 through the No. 6 delivery pump 26, the No. 5 stirrer 27 is intermittently started to enable the solid-liquid mixture to be fully fermented in the anaerobic fermentation tank 20, organic matters are degraded into methane, carbon dioxide, water and the like, the purpose of reducing the solid is achieved, and generated gas is discharged from the No. 3 exhaust hole 28. And discharging the fermented solid-liquid mixture from the anaerobic fermentation tank 20 into a solid-liquid separation system 21, inputting the supernatant after precipitation into a fermentation liquid anaerobic treatment tank 22 through a No. 2 water inlet pump 29 for continuous treatment, and treating the residual solid after dehydration.
The process in the figure 2 is adopted to treat the excess sludge of a certain municipal sewage treatment plant, the total amount of the sludge to be treated is 100kg (the water content is 90%), the total solid content (TSS) of the sludge is 10kg, and the content of volatile solid (VSS) is 6 kg. A total volume of 12L of reactor was set up with an effective volume (hydrolysis zone) of 8L. Pumping sludge to be treated with water content of 90% into a hydrolysis area through a sludge delivery pump, properly stirring, adopting a continuous flow operation mode for the reactor, keeping the reactor for 96 hours, and increasing SCOD/TCOD of the sludge by 14% when the sludge is discharged after hydrolysis. And (3) performing anaerobic fermentation on the hydrolyzed sludge for 15d, then performing sludge-water separation, and finally performing advanced treatment on the fermentation liquor and sludge dehydration treatment. After the digestion of all the sludge is completed, the gas production reduction rate is calculated, and the specific result is shown in table 4.
Comparative example 2
A common reactor without an enzyme producing area and an enzyme storing area is adopted to treat the kitchen waste in a dining room of a college, the total amount of the kitchen waste to be treated is 100kg (the water content is 90%), the total solid content (TSS) of the kitchen waste is 10kg, and the content of volatile solid (VSS) is 9 kg. A novel reactor with the total volume of 12L is established, and an anaerobic fermentation tank with the volume of 60L and a solid-liquid separation tank with the volume of 5L are respectively established after the novel reactor is matched with the reactor. Anaerobic sludge is added into the hydrolysis area, the adding amount is 2.4L, then kitchen waste to be treated with water content of 90% is pumped into the hydrolysis area through a kitchen waste conveying pump, organic matters in the kitchen waste are hydrolyzed, insoluble organic matters are converted into soluble organic matters, a continuous flow operation mode is adopted, the residence time is 48h, and the SCOD/TCOD of the kitchen waste is increased by 32% when the kitchen waste is discharged after the hydrolysis is completed. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the kitchen waste which is hydrolyzed sufficiently for 8d, then solid-liquid separation is carried out, and finally advanced treatment of fermentation liquor and dehydration treatment of the residual waste are carried out. After all the kitchen waste is digested, the gas production rate reduction rate is calculated, and the result is shown in table 5.
Embodiment 3 uses the utility model provides a reactor is handled kitchen garbage, has realized kitchen garbage's minimizing and the methane production volume is great in the short time. In comparative example 2, handle the same kitchen garbage with embodiment 3, anaerobic digestion time is 4.5 times of embodiment 1, but methane output only is half of embodiment 1, and the kitchen garbage decrement rate also is far less than embodiment 1, has verified the utility model provides a reactor has accelerated kitchen garbage anaerobic digestion rate, has improved the kitchen garbage decrement rate. Therefore, utilize the utility model provides a but the kitchen garbage that reactor significantly reduces deals with the cost, reduces kitchen garbage volume simultaneously, has higher engineering practical value.
Furthermore, the utility model provides a reactor is applicable to all kinds of mud processing systems and kitchen garbage processing system, has general suitability.
Claims (1)
1. An anaerobic digestion unit characterized by: comprises a reactor (1), an anaerobic fermentation tank (2), a mud-water separation system (3) and an anaerobic treatment tank (4) which are connected in series in sequence; an enzyme production area (8), an enzyme storage area (9) and a hydrolysis area (11) which are connected in series in sequence are arranged in the reactor (1).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114289454A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-08 | 浙江工商大学 | Perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114289454A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-08 | 浙江工商大学 | Perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device and method |
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Effective date of registration: 20210309 Address after: 450001 D1-3, Zhengzhou high tech enterprise accelerator Industrial Park, 55 Dongqing street, high tech Zone, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee after: ZHIHE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 1105, 11 / F, unit 1, building 5, Henan e-commerce Industrial Park, No.26 Dongqing street, high tech Industrial Development Zone, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450001 Patentee before: Henan Youhang Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. |