CN211719720U - Universal reforming fuel cell system - Google Patents
Universal reforming fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN211719720U CN211719720U CN202020507136.2U CN202020507136U CN211719720U CN 211719720 U CN211719720 U CN 211719720U CN 202020507136 U CN202020507136 U CN 202020507136U CN 211719720 U CN211719720 U CN 211719720U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a general reforming fuel cell system, a water storage tank is communicated to a water vaporizer through a zeroth heat exchanger, and a fuel tank is communicated to a fuel vaporizer through a first heat exchanger; the gas flows discharged by the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier are combined in a pipeline and then are connected to the anode of the fuel cell through a second heat exchanger, a reformer, a third heat exchanger, a zeroth heat exchanger, a shift separator, a hydrogen storage tank and a fourth heat exchanger in sequence; the tail gas of the cathode of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the fourth heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the reformer and the second heat exchanger and then is respectively communicated with the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier through different pipelines, and discharged gas flows are combined in the pipelines and then are emptied through the first heat exchanger. The utility model discloses a system can carry out reforming hydrogen manufacturing to multiple reforming fuel, and application scope is wide to can improve the utilization ratio of the energy.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel reforming technology field, more specifically the utility model relates to a general type reforming fuel cell system that says so.
Background
Solid oxide Fuel cells (solid oxide Fuel cells, abbreviated as SOFC) are fourth generation Fuel cells, and compared with other Fuel cells, SOFC has the highest working temperature, and Fuel can be quickly oxidized to reach thermodynamic equilibrium, so noble metal catalysts are not used, SOFC has a wide application range to Fuel, and can use hydrogen, hydrogen-rich synthetic gas, natural gas, water gas and the like as Fuel, wherein hydrogen and hydrogen-rich synthetic gas are not primary energy nor secondary energy, and are obtained from other energy sources such as natural gas, coal, biomass, alcohols and the like through external reforming modes such as steam reforming, partial hydrogenation, catalytic cracking and the like. For these reasons, SOFC fuel internal reforming is becoming a hot spot of domestic research.
However, the existing SOFC fuel internal reforming device only aims at one or a certain type of fuel, and different types of fuel reforming systems are not universal, so that the types of reforming devices on the market are more and complicated, the equipment cost is increased, and the overall utilization rate of the fuel and the energy is low.
Therefore, how to provide a high-efficiency general-purpose reforming fuel cell system is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention provides a universal reforming fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a general reforming fuel cell system includes a water storage tank, a fuel tank, a water vaporizer, a fuel vaporizer, a reformer, a shift separator, a hydrogen storage tank, and a plurality of heat exchangers;
the water storage tank is communicated to the water gasifier through a zeroth heat exchanger, and the fuel tank is communicated to the fuel gasifier through a first heat exchanger (also called a cooler); the gas flows discharged by the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier are combined in a pipeline and then connected to the anode of the fuel cell through the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the third heat exchanger, the zeroth heat exchanger, the shift separator, the hydrogen storage tank and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence;
the tail gas of the cathode of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the fourth heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the reformer and the second heat exchanger and then is respectively communicated with the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier through different pipelines, and discharged gas flows are combined in the pipelines and then are emptied through the first heat exchanger.
The fuel gasifier is mainly used for liquid reformed fuel, and when the reformed fuel is gas reformed fuel such as natural gas, the fuel gasifier can be regarded as a heat exchanger.
Preferably, in one of the above general reforming fuel cell systems, the hydrogen production tail gas discharged from the shift separator is mixed with the anode tail gas of the fuel cell to form a heating gas;
the heat supply fuel gas is respectively communicated with the first heat exchanger, the water gasifier, the fuel gasifier, the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger through pipelines and finally merged into cathode tail gas flow.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the utility model discloses in from the high temperature gas of fuel cell cathode exhaust's oxygen that contains unreacted as high temperature source and oxygen source to the gas air current that forms after transform separator exhaust hydrogen manufacturing tail gas and the mixture of positive pole tail gas both is high temperature source and fuel source, effectively solves the required heat supply problem of reforming hydrogen manufacturing in-process, reduces fuel and consumes.
Preferably, in the above general-purpose reformed fuel cell system, each of the plurality of heat exchangers is a double pipe heat exchanger, and the double pipe heat exchanger is of a coil pipe type or a straight pipe type.
Preferably, in the above general reformed fuel cell system, the water vaporizer and the fuel vaporizer are of a shell-and-tube type, and the heat absorbing medium is disposed inside the shell-and-tube type, and the heating medium is disposed outside the shell-and-tube type.
Preferably, in the above general-purpose reformed fuel cell system, the reformer is of a tubular type in which a particulate reforming catalyst is packed, the reformed fuel is fed into the tubular type, and the heating medium is fed out of the tubular type.
Preferably, in the above general reforming fuel cell system, the shift separator is a tubular shape, the upstream end of the tubular shape is closed, the downstream end of the tubular shape is open, the tubular shape is hollow, the tubular wall body of the tubular shape is made of porous ceramic material, and the outer wall of the tubular shape is coated with a palladium alloy membrane; the outside of the tube array is filled with a carbon monoxide conversion catalyst, and the outside space of the tube array is open at the upstream end and closed at the downstream end.
Preferably, in one of the above-described general-purpose reforming fuel cell systems, the shift separator is operated at a temperature of 350-450 ℃.
The reformer operating temperature is related to the re-burning fuel, and reformers such as natural gas, diesel and gasoline are mostly above 700 ℃, while methanol reformers are at 200-300 ℃. Therefore, under the methanol reforming condition, the temperature of the reformed gas from the reformer to the shift separator (350-.
Further, the coolant for reducing the temperature of the reformed gas from the reformer to the shift separator is water, mainly considering the higher heat capacity and the latent heat of vaporization of water. In reforming natural gas, diesel oil, gasoline and the like, the water demand is large, generally, only the water for reforming can complete the cooling task, while the water demand in reforming methanol steam is relatively small, and if the water for reforming alone cannot complete the cooling task, it should be considered to adopt methanol to undertake the cooling task at the same time. In practical operation, when methanol steam reforming is carried out, the reforming raw material is often methanol solution, only one fuel gasifier needs to be reserved, and in the methanol steam reforming, the zero heat exchanger can be eliminated.
Preferably, in the above general reformed fuel cell system, the third heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger, and the heat supply gas inlet of the reformer are provided with a gas electronic igniter.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the electronic sparker is only used during cold start of the reforming system. When the reforming process is cold started, the cathode tail gas is replaced by air, the heat supply fuel gas is provided by an external gas source, the external gas source comprises combustible gases such as natural gas, liquefied gas, coal gas and hydrogen, when the heat supply fuel gas starts to be blown in, the electronic igniter is started instantly, and when the fuel cell starts to normally discharge the cathode tail gas and the anode tail gas, the external fuel gas source and the air source are replaced by the cathode tail gas and the anode tail gas.
When the reforming fuel needs to be switched, only the reforming catalyst of the reformer needs to be replaced, and when the number and the volume of the catalyst are different, the number of the tubes can be increased or decreased to provide a proper filling space.
Preferably, in the multi-fuel general reforming hydrogen production system for SOFC, the water storage tank, the fuel tank, the water vaporizer, the fuel vaporizer, the reformer, the shift separator, the hydrogen storage tank, and the plurality of heat exchangers are each provided with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow rate control meter, and the on/off of the piping is determined by a valve.
The method for reforming the general reforming fuel cell system to produce hydrogen comprises the following steps:
(1) under the drive of a fuel pump, the reformed fuel in the fuel tank sequentially passes through the inner pipe of the first heat exchanger and the tube nest pipe of the fuel gasifier to complete the preheating and gasification of the reformed fuel; meanwhile, under the driving of the water pump, the water in the water storage tank sequentially passes through the outer pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger and the tube nest pipes of the water vaporizer, so that the preheating and the gasification of the water are finished;
the reforming fuel suitable for the utility model comprises natural gas, methanol, gasoline, diesel oil and other liquid or gas hydrocarbon fuel which can be reformed to produce hydrogen below 1000 ℃. The reformed fuel is provided with power for conveying to the downstream by a fuel pump, a liquid pump or an air pump (a compressor) is respectively adopted according to the fuel type, and in the case that the reformed fuel is gas, if the pressure in the fuel tank is high enough for conveying to the downstream, the air pump can be eliminated;
(2) discharging the gas flow gasified by the water and the reforming fuel and then combining the gas flow into a gas flow, feeding the combined gas flow into an inner pipe of a second heat exchanger for heating, feeding the gas flow into a reformer when the temperature of the gas flow is close to the reforming temperature, continuously absorbing heat by the reforming fuel and the steam and carrying out reforming conversion by a reforming catalyst to form reforming gas, wherein the reforming gas contains reforming products, residual fuel and the steam;
(3) the reformed gas is heated through the inner pipe of the third heat exchanger and then cooled through the inner pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger, and after the temperature of the reformed gas reaches or approaches to the carbon monoxide conversion temperature, the reformed gas enters a conversion separator;
(4) introducing the pure hydrogen flow separated from the shift separator into a small hydrogen storage tank for buffer storage, and supplying the pure hydrogen flow discharged from the hydrogen storage tank to the anode of the fuel cell after absorbing heat and increasing temperature through an inner pipe of a fourth heat exchanger;
(5) and the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the outer pipe of the fourth heat exchanger, the outer pipe of the third heat exchanger, the outer space of the tube array of the reformer and the outer pipe of the second heat exchanger, then is divided into two streams which respectively pass through the outer spaces of the tube array of the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier, and the two streams are discharged and then merged into one stream which passes through the outer pipe of the first heat exchanger and then is emptied.
The water passing through the outer pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger mainly has the functions of cooling the reformed gas in the inner pipe and preheating the water; the reformed fuel passes through the inner pipe of the first heat exchanger, and the main function is to fully recover the heat carried by the heat supply medium, extract the residual heating capacity of the heat supply medium as much as possible, and further preheat the reformed fuel.
Preferably, in the method for producing hydrogen by reforming of the general-purpose reforming fuel cell system, in the step (4), the hydrogen production tail gas separated from the shift separator is mixed with the anode tail gas of the fuel cell to form a heating fuel gas flow for supplying heat to the reforming hydrogen production system.
Preferably, in the method for producing hydrogen by reforming of the general-purpose reformed fuel cell system, in step (5), when the cathode tail gas cannot meet the heat supply requirement, the heat supply gas is distributed to the first heat exchanger, the water vaporizer, the fuel vaporizer, the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the third heat exchanger, and the fourth heat exchanger according to the requirement, the heat supply gas is finally and completely merged into the cathode tail gas flow, and all the fuel in the heat supply gas is completely converted into carbon dioxide and water.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the heat supply gap is supplemented by the heat energy carried by the distributed heat supply fuel gas and the combination reaction heat released by the combination of the fuel gas and the oxygen in the cathode tail gas.
Preferably, in the method for producing hydrogen by reforming in the general reformed fuel cell system, in the step (3), carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by using a shift catalyst outside the shift separator tube array, most of the hydrogen and trace impurity gases in the shifted gas flow penetrate through the palladium alloy membrane and enter the tube array to form a pure hydrogen flow, and hydrogen and other gases which do not penetrate through the palladium alloy membrane form hydrogen production tail gas.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the concentration of hydrogen in the pure hydrogen stream was about 99.9%. The catalytic conversion operating temperature of carbon monoxide has great coincidence interval with palladium alloy membrane separation operating temperature, consequently the utility model discloses transform carbon monoxide and hydrogen purification integration go on together, and carbon monoxide transform is weak exothermic reaction, and the heat that releases can support hydrogen purification coupling to go on, so under the condition of doing thermal-insulated heat preservation, the transform of carbon monoxide and the purification of hydrogen need not outside heat supply.
Preferably, in the method for producing hydrogen by reforming in a general-purpose reformed fuel cell system, the heat-absorbing medium and the heat-releasing medium may be subjected to heat exchange in a counter-current manner in any of the heat exchanger, the water vaporizer, the fuel vaporizer, and the reformer.
The utility model relates to a general type reforming fuel cell system can simplify according to the difference of fuel property.
The combined use of the third heat exchanger to increase the temperature and the zeroth heat exchanger to decrease the temperature facilitates temperature control of the reformate gas, but depending on the nature of the reformate fuel, the temperature change of the reformate gas from the reformer to the shift separator can also be accomplished by keeping only one of them. For the fuel which needs to be reformed under the high temperature condition, such as natural gas, diesel oil, gasoline, etc., the third heat exchanger can be removed, and only the zero heat exchanger is reserved. For fuels such as methanol that require reforming at lower temperatures, the zeroth heat exchanger may be eliminated and only the third heat exchanger may be retained.
Under conditions where gaseous fuels such as natural gas are reformed, the fuel gasifier may be eliminated.
In the reforming of methanol steam, methanol solution can be used as fuel, so that a water storage tank, a water pump, a zeroth heat exchanger and a water vaporizer can be eliminated.
If the temperature of the cathode tail gas discharged by the first heat exchanger is higher, the cathode tail gas can be introduced into another heat exchanger to preheat the cathode feed gas of the battery.
According to the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a general reforming fuel cell system has following characteristics:
(1) the introduction of the conversion separator can improve the purity of hydrogen, effectively relieve the carbon deposition problem of the fuel cell and improve the volt-ampere performance of the cell, the conversion separator integrates the carbon monoxide change and hydrogen purification functions at the same time, and the conversion separation process can be carried out self-heating without heat exchange with the outside;
(2) the tail gas of the anode of the fuel cell and the tail gas of hydrogen production discharged by the conversion separator are used as a heat supply fuel and a high-temperature gas source for hydrogen production by reforming, and the tail gas of the cathode is used as a high-temperature gas source and an oxygen source for hydrogen production by reforming, so that the heat supply problem required by hydrogen production by reforming is effectively solved, and the fuel consumption is reduced;
(3) the heat supply fuel gas is supplied dispersedly according to the needs, thereby not only fully meeting the heat supply needs, but also effectively preventing the heat supply fuel from being thrown into the cathode tail gas in a one-time centralized manner to cause temperature runaway and the phenomenon of local overheating during heat supply;
(4) in the reforming process and the hydrogen supply process, the heat demand and the heat supply are carried out in a reverse flow mode in the whole process, so that the heat energy of the anode tail gas of the fuel cell and the hydrogen production tail gas of the conversion separator are fully extracted, and the energy efficiency of the system is improved;
(5) and water is used as a coolant for cooling the reformed gas from the reformer to the shift separator, so that the coupling matching of temperature rise and temperature reduction is realized, and the energy consumption is effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides a reforming hydrogen production system is applicable in multiple fuel, only can realize through changing reforming catalyst, and more importantly can also improve the whole utilization efficiency of fuel and energy. The overall energy efficiency can be improved to at least over 70 percent, wherein the overall energy efficiency refers to the sum of reforming hydrogen production and power supply of the fuel cell.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a general type reforming fuel cell system, including water storage tank, fuel jar, aqueous vaporizer, fuel vaporizer, reformer, shift separator, hydrogen storage tank and a plurality of heat exchangers;
the water storage tank is communicated to the water gasifier through a zero heat exchanger, and the fuel tank is communicated to the fuel gasifier through a first heat exchanger; the gas flows discharged by the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier are combined in a pipeline and then connected to the anode of the fuel cell through the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the third heat exchanger, the zeroth heat exchanger, the shift separator, the hydrogen storage tank and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence;
the tail gas of the cathode of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the fourth heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the reformer and the second heat exchanger and then is respectively communicated with the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier through different pipelines, and discharged gas flows are combined in the pipelines and then are emptied through the first heat exchanger.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, hydrogen production tail gas discharged by the shift separator is mixed with anode tail gas of the fuel cell to form heating gas;
the heat supply fuel gas is respectively communicated with the first heat exchanger, the water gasifier, the fuel gasifier, the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger through pipelines and finally merged into cathode tail gas flow.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the heat exchangers are all double-pipe heat exchangers, and the double-pipe heat exchangers are coil pipe type or straight pipe type.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier are both of a shell-and-tube type, the heat-absorbing medium is arranged in the shell-and-tube type, and the heating medium is arranged outside the shell-and-tube type.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the reformer is of a tube array type, particle-type reforming catalysts are filled in the tube array, reforming fuel is arranged in the tube array, and heating media are arranged outside the tube array.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the shift separator is of a tube array type, the upstream end of the tube array is closed, the downstream end of the tube array is open, the tube array is hollow, the main body of the tube wall of the tube array is made of porous ceramic, and the outer wall of the tube array is coated with a palladium alloy membrane; the outside of the tube array is filled with a carbon monoxide conversion catalyst, and the outside space of the tube array is open at the upstream end and closed at the downstream end.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the working temperature of the shift separator is 350-450 ℃.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the third heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger and the heat supply gas inlet of the reformer are provided with gas electronic igniters.
The method for producing hydrogen by using the system for the multi-fuel universal reforming of the SOFC comprises the following steps:
(1) under the drive of a fuel pump, the reformed fuel in the fuel tank sequentially passes through the inner pipe of the first heat exchanger and the tube nest pipe of the fuel gasifier to complete the preheating and gasification of the reformed fuel; meanwhile, under the driving of the water pump, the water in the water storage tank sequentially passes through the outer pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger and the tube nest pipes of the water vaporizer, so that the preheating and the gasification of the water are finished;
(2) the gas flow after the water and the reforming fuel are gasified is discharged and then is combined into a gas flow, the combined gas flow enters an inner pipe of a second heat exchanger for heating, the gas flow enters a reformer when the temperature of the gas flow is close to the reforming temperature, and the reforming fuel and the steam continue to absorb heat and are reformed and converted through a reforming catalyst to form reforming gas;
(3) the reformed gas is heated through the inner pipe of the third heat exchanger and then cooled through the inner pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger, and after the temperature of the reformed gas reaches or approaches to the carbon monoxide conversion temperature, the reformed gas enters a conversion separator;
(4) introducing the pure hydrogen flow separated from the shift separator into a small hydrogen storage tank for buffer storage, and supplying the pure hydrogen flow discharged from the hydrogen storage tank to the anode of the fuel cell after absorbing heat and increasing temperature through an inner pipe of a fourth heat exchanger;
(5) and the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the outer pipe of the fourth heat exchanger, the outer pipe of the third heat exchanger, the outer space of the tube array of the reformer and the outer pipe of the second heat exchanger, then is divided into two streams which respectively pass through the outer spaces of the tube array of the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier, and the two streams are discharged and then merged into one stream which passes through the outer pipe of the first heat exchanger and then is emptied.
Example 1
When reforming gaseous fuels such as natural gas, a general reforming fuel cell system comprises a water storage tank, a fuel tank, a water gasifier, a reformer, a shift separator, a hydrogen storage tank and a plurality of heat exchangers;
the water storage tank is communicated to the water gasifier through a zeroth heat exchanger, and the fuel in the fuel tank passes through the first heat exchanger; the gas flows discharged by the water gasifier and the first heat exchanger are combined in a pipeline and then connected to the anode of the fuel cell through the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the zeroth heat exchanger, the shift separator, the hydrogen storage tank and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence;
and the tail gas of the cathode of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the fourth heat exchanger, the reformer and the second heat exchanger and then is communicated with the water gasifier through a pipeline, and discharged gas flows are combined in the pipeline and then are exhausted through the first heat exchanger.
Hydrogen production tail gas discharged by the shift separator is mixed with anode tail gas of the fuel cell to form heating gas; the heat supply fuel gas is respectively communicated with the first heat exchanger, the water gasifier, the second heat exchanger, the reformer and the fourth heat exchanger through pipelines and finally merged into the cathode tail gas flow.
The method for producing hydrogen by using the system for the multi-fuel universal reforming of the SOFC comprises the following steps:
(1) under the driving of a fuel pump, the reformed fuel in the fuel tank completes the preheating of the reformed fuel through the inner pipe of the first heat exchanger; meanwhile, under the driving of the water pump, the water in the water storage tank sequentially passes through the outer pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger and the tube nest pipes of the water vaporizer, so that the preheating and the gasification of the water are finished;
(2) the gas flow after the water and the reforming fuel are gasified is discharged and then is combined into a gas flow, the combined gas flow enters an inner pipe of a second heat exchanger for heating, the gas flow enters a reformer when the temperature of the gas flow is close to the reforming temperature, and the reforming fuel and the steam continue to absorb heat and are reformed and converted through a reforming catalyst to form reforming gas;
(3) the reformed gas is cooled through an inner pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger, and enters a conversion separator after the temperature of the reformed gas reaches or approaches to the carbon monoxide conversion temperature;
(4) introducing the pure hydrogen flow separated from the shift separator into a small hydrogen storage tank for buffer storage, and supplying the pure hydrogen flow discharged from the hydrogen storage tank to the anode of the fuel cell after absorbing heat and increasing temperature through an inner pipe of a fourth heat exchanger;
(5) and the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the outer pipe of the fourth heat exchanger, the outer space of the tube array of the reformer and the outer pipe of the second heat exchanger, then passes through the outer space of the tube array of the water gasifier, and is evacuated after passing through the outer pipe of the first heat exchanger.
Example 2
When reforming methanol vapor, a general-purpose reforming fuel cell system includes a fuel tank, a fuel vaporizer, a reformer, a shift separator, a hydrogen storage tank, and a plurality of heat exchangers;
the fuel tank is communicated to the fuel gasifier through a first heat exchanger and then is connected to a fuel cell anode through the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the third heat exchanger, the shift separator, the hydrogen storage tank and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence;
and the tail gas of the cathode of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the fourth heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the reformer and the second heat exchanger and then is communicated with the fuel gasifier through a pipeline, and the discharged gas is exhausted through the first heat exchanger.
Hydrogen production tail gas discharged by the shift separator is mixed with anode tail gas of the fuel cell to form heating gas; the heat supply fuel gas is respectively communicated with the first heat exchanger, the fuel gasifier, the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger through pipelines and finally merged into cathode tail gas flow.
The method for producing hydrogen by using the system for the multi-fuel universal reforming of the SOFC comprises the following steps:
(1) under the drive of a fuel pump, the reformed fuel in the fuel tank sequentially passes through the inner pipe of the first heat exchanger and the tube nest pipe of the fuel gasifier to finish the preheating of the reformed fuel;
(2) the gas flow after the gasification of the reforming fuel enters an inner pipe of a second heat exchanger for heating, the gas flow enters a reformer when the temperature of the gas flow is close to the reforming temperature, and the reforming fuel continuously absorbs heat and carries out reforming conversion through a reforming catalyst to form reforming gas;
(3) heating the reformed gas through an inner pipe of the third heat exchanger, and enabling the reformed gas to enter a conversion separator after the temperature of the reformed gas reaches or approaches to the carbon monoxide conversion temperature;
(4) introducing the pure hydrogen flow separated from the shift separator into a small hydrogen storage tank for buffer storage, and supplying the pure hydrogen flow discharged from the hydrogen storage tank to the anode of the fuel cell after absorbing heat and increasing temperature through an inner pipe of a fourth heat exchanger;
(5) and the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the outer tube of the fourth heat exchanger, the outer tube of the third heat exchanger, the outer space of the tube array of the reformer and the outer tube of the second heat exchanger, then passes through the outer space of the tube array of the fuel gasifier, and is evacuated after passing through the outer tube of the first heat exchanger.
Example 3
When reforming fuel which can be reformed under high temperature conditions such as diesel oil, gasoline and the like, the general reforming fuel cell system comprises a water storage tank, a fuel tank, a water gasifier, a fuel gasifier, a reformer, a shift separator, a hydrogen storage tank and a plurality of heat exchangers;
the water storage tank is communicated to the water gasifier through a zero heat exchanger, and the fuel tank is communicated to the fuel gasifier through a first heat exchanger; the gas flows discharged by the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier are combined in a pipeline and then connected to the anode of the fuel cell through the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the zeroth heat exchanger, the shift separator, the hydrogen storage tank and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence;
the tail gas of the cathode of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the fourth heat exchanger, the reformer and the second heat exchanger and then is respectively communicated with the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier through different pipelines, and discharged gas flows are combined in the pipelines and then are exhausted through the first heat exchanger.
Hydrogen production tail gas discharged by the shift separator is mixed with anode tail gas of the fuel cell to form heating gas; the heat supply fuel gas is respectively communicated with the first heat exchanger, the water gasifier, the fuel gasifier, the second heat exchanger, the reformer and the fourth heat exchanger through pipelines and finally merged into the cathode tail gas flow.
The method for producing hydrogen by using the system for the multi-fuel universal reforming of the SOFC comprises the following steps:
(1) under the drive of a fuel pump, the reformed fuel in the fuel tank sequentially passes through the inner pipe of the first heat exchanger and the tube nest pipe of the fuel gasifier to finish the preheating of the reformed fuel; meanwhile, under the driving of the water pump, the water in the water storage tank sequentially passes through the outer pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger and the tube nest pipes of the water vaporizer, so that the preheating and the gasification of the water are finished;
(2) the gas flow after the water and the reforming fuel are gasified is discharged and then is combined into a gas flow, the combined gas flow enters an inner pipe of a second heat exchanger for heating, the gas flow enters a reformer when the temperature of the gas flow is close to the reforming temperature, and the reforming fuel and the steam continue to absorb heat and are reformed and converted through a reforming catalyst to form reforming gas;
(3) the reformed gas is cooled through an inner pipe of the zeroth heat exchanger, and enters a conversion separator after the temperature of the reformed gas reaches or approaches to the carbon monoxide conversion temperature;
(4) introducing the pure hydrogen flow separated from the shift separator into a small hydrogen storage tank for buffer storage, and supplying the pure hydrogen flow discharged from the hydrogen storage tank to the anode of the fuel cell after absorbing heat and increasing temperature through an inner pipe of a fourth heat exchanger;
(5) and the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the outer pipe of the fourth heat exchanger, the outer space of the tube array of the reformer and the outer pipe of the second heat exchanger, then is divided into two streams which respectively pass through the outer spaces of the tube array of the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier, and the two streams are discharged and combined into one stream which passes through the outer pipe of the first heat exchanger and then is emptied.
It should be noted that the omission of individual devices in embodiments 1 to 3 can be achieved by different independent systems, or by closing valves, and can be adjusted according to specific situations.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A general reforming fuel cell system is characterized by comprising a water storage tank, a fuel tank, a water vaporizer, a fuel vaporizer, a reformer, a shift separator, a hydrogen storage tank and a plurality of heat exchangers;
the water storage tank is communicated to the water gasifier through a zero heat exchanger, and the fuel tank is communicated to the fuel gasifier through a first heat exchanger; the gas flows discharged by the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier are combined in a pipeline and then sequentially connected to the anode of the fuel cell through a second heat exchanger, the reformer, a third heat exchanger, the zeroth heat exchanger, the shift separator, the hydrogen storage tank and a fourth heat exchanger;
the tail gas of the cathode of the fuel cell sequentially passes through the fourth heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the reformer and the second heat exchanger and then is respectively communicated with the water gasifier and the fuel gasifier through different pipelines, and discharged gas flows are combined in the pipelines and then are emptied through the first heat exchanger.
2. A universal reforming fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-producing tail gas from said shift separator is mixed with the anode tail gas from the fuel cell to form a heating gas;
the heat supply fuel gas is respectively communicated with the first heat exchanger, the water gasifier, the fuel gasifier, the second heat exchanger, the reformer, the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger through pipelines and finally merged into cathode tail gas flow.
3. The reformed fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of heat exchangers are all double pipe heat exchangers, and the double pipe heat exchangers are of a coil type or a straight pipe type.
4. The reformed fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the water vaporizer and the fuel vaporizer are of a shell-and-tube type, and wherein the heat absorbing medium is disposed inside the shell-and-tube type, and the heating medium is disposed outside the shell-and-tube type.
5. The reforming fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the reformer is of a tubular type in which a pellet-type reforming catalyst is packed, and the reforming fuel is fed inside the tubular type and the heating medium is fed outside the tubular type.
6. The universal reforming fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the shift separator is of a tubular type, the upstream end of the tubular type is closed, the downstream end of the tubular type is open, the interior of the tubular type is hollow, the wall body of the tubular type is made of porous ceramic, and the outer wall of the tubular type is coated with a palladium alloy membrane; the outside of the tube array is filled with a carbon monoxide conversion catalyst, and the outside space of the tube array is open at the upstream end and closed at the downstream end.
7. The reformed fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the shift separator is operated at 350-450 ℃.
8. The reformed fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the third heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger, and the heated gas inlet of the reformer are provided with gas electronic igniters.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114014269A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-08 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell combined system based on solar thermochemical methanol reforming hydrogen production |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114014269A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-08 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell combined system based on solar thermochemical methanol reforming hydrogen production |
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