CN211708627U - Equipment for precisely machining micro cavity of mold by combining machinery and laser - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an equipment of machinery and compound precision finishing mould microcavity of laser contains the ultrafast laser precision finishing device who is used for the miniature chamber of mechanical milling's digit control machine tool and is used for the miniature chamber of precision finishing, be equipped with the support anchor clamps that are used for fixed matrix plate on the digit control machine tool, ultrafast laser precision finishing system contains the laser instrument, is used for the three-dimensional confocal imaging module of formation of image collection and is used for image analysis's formation of image processing system, and optical gate, attenuator and 1/4 wave plate have been arranged in proper order on the output light path of laser instrument, and the output light path of 1/4 wave plate links up the scanning galvanometer, and the focusing mirror is arranged to the scanning galvanometer output, and the focusing; the three-dimensional confocal imaging module faces the supporting clamp, the three-dimensional confocal imaging module is in communication connection with the imaging processing system, and the imaging processing system is in communication connection with the laser. Firstly, carrying out mechanical rough milling, and then carrying out online precision machining on the micro cavity of the mold by using confocal three-dimensional visual inspection and matching with ultrafast laser.

Description

Equipment for precisely machining micro cavity of mold by combining machinery and laser

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an equipment in miniature chamber of machinery and the compound precision finishing mould of laser belongs to ultrafast laser precision finishing technical field.

Background

At present, micro parts are widely applied in the fields of aviation, biomedicine, automobiles, electronic communication, optics and the like, and the micro parts are usually produced by adopting a mold. Because the miniature part is small in size, the qualified miniature cavity is difficult to mill by traditional mechanical milling, and therefore, a production enterprise adopts an electric spark forming technology to machine the miniature cavity. However, the spark forming technique also has the following problems: 1) different electrode tips are designed according to different cavities, so that the electrode tips are difficult to process; 2) the electric spark machining is a discharging process, so that carbon is easily deposited on the surface of a cavity, and the machining precision is influenced; 3) the processing speed is slow, and the efficiency is low.

With the major breakthrough of ultrafast laser in technical applications, ultrafast laser processing has attracted global attention. Aiming at the problems that the electrode tip is difficult to manufacture, the precision is affected by easy carbon deposition, the price speed is slow and the like for various customized micro parts by the electric spark forming technology, a technical scheme for precisely milling the micro cavity of the die by combining machinery and laser needs to be designed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at overcoming the defects existing in the prior art and providing equipment for a mechanical and laser compound precision machining mould micro-cavity.

The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:

the equipment for precisely machining the micro cavity of the mold by combining machinery and laser is characterized in that: the system comprises a numerical control machine tool for mechanically milling a micro cavity and an ultrafast laser precision machining device for precisely machining the micro cavity, wherein a supporting clamp for fixing a female die plate is arranged on the numerical control machine tool, the ultrafast laser precision machining system comprises a laser, a three-dimensional confocal imaging module for imaging collection and an imaging processing system for image analysis, an optical gate, an attenuator and an 1/4 wave plate are sequentially arranged on an output light path of the laser, an output light path of a 1/4 wave plate is connected with a scanning galvanometer, a focusing mirror is arranged at the output end of the scanning galvanometer, and the focusing mirror is right opposite to the supporting clamp; the three-dimensional confocal imaging module faces the supporting clamp, the three-dimensional confocal imaging module is in communication connection with the imaging processing system, and the imaging processing system is in communication connection with the laser.

Furthermore, the equipment for mechanically and precisely processing the micro-cavity of the mold by compounding laser is also provided with a control unit which is respectively in control connection with the laser, the optical gate and the scanning galvanometer.

Further, the equipment for the mechanical and laser combined precise machining of the micro-cavity of the mold is characterized in that a magnetic clamping fixture is arranged on the supporting fixture.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model have apparent advantage and beneficial effect, the concrete aspect that embodies is in following:

the utility model discloses utilize earlier machinery thick to mill and then copolymerization burnt three-dimensional visual detection cooperation ultrafast laser carries out online precision finishing mould microcavity, machinery thick mills and to excise miniature chamber surplus fast, leaves difficult processing district and precision finishing surplus, can judge in real time machining surplus and position accuracy, utilize copolymerization burnt three-dimensional visual detection system can carry out dimensional error analysis and processing route compensation, can cooperate ultrafast laser to carry out online precision finishing, reduce the error that the workman measured the production. The ultrafast laser processing material removal has the advantages of cold processing, no recasting layer, microcrack and heat affected layer formed on the processing surface while removing the material, and no obvious difference between the processing surface and the matrix. Realize high-efficient precision finishing micron order die cavity.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1: the utility model discloses a mechanical and laser combined machining schematic diagram;

FIG. 2: a schematic illustration of placement of the cavity plate;

FIG. 3: a schematic diagram of a mechanical rough milling cavity;

FIG. 4: a schematic diagram of a confocal three-dimensional visual inspection system for inspecting a micro cavity;

FIG. 5: an ultrafast laser precision machining path schematic diagram;

FIG. 6: ultrafast laser precision finishing sketch map.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by the person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the directional terms and the sequence terms and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Combining mechanical milling, visual inspection and ultrafast laser precision machining technology, the equipment for precisely machining the micro cavity of the mold by combining machinery and laser is provided.

As shown in fig. 1, the equipment for mechanically and laser combined precision machining of the micro cavity of the mold comprises a numerical control machine for mechanically milling the micro cavity and an ultrafast laser precision machining device for precision machining the micro cavity, wherein the numerical control machine is provided with a supporting clamp 1 for fixing a concave template 2, and the supporting clamp 1 is provided with a magnetic clamping clamp; the ultrafast laser precision machining system comprises a laser 7, a three-dimensional confocal imaging module 4 for imaging acquisition and an imaging processing system 5 for image analysis, wherein an optical gate 8, an attenuator 9 and an 1/4 wave plate 10 are sequentially arranged on an output light path of the laser 7, an output light path of the 1/4 wave plate 10 is connected with a scanning galvanometer 11, a focusing mirror 12 is arranged at the output end of the scanning galvanometer 11, and the focusing mirror 12 is right opposite to a supporting clamp; the three-dimensional confocal imaging module 4 faces the supporting clamp, the three-dimensional confocal imaging module 4 is in communication connection with the imaging processing system 5, and the imaging processing system 5 is in communication connection with the laser 7; and the control unit 13 is respectively connected with the laser 7, the optical shutter 8 and the scanning galvanometer 11 in a control mode.

The process for precisely machining the micro cavity of the mold by combining machinery and laser specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, fixing the concave template 2 on the supporting clamp 1 of the numerical control machine tool, as shown in figure 2;

s2, mechanically milling the micro cavity, milling the concave template 2 by using a numerical control milling cutter, machining a rough machining outline 3 of the micro cavity of the mold on the concave template 2, and reserving machining allowance and a region which is difficult to machine, wherein the region is shown in a figure 3;

s3, the three-dimensional confocal imaging module 4 scans the rough machining outline 3 of the micro cavity of the mold, data is transmitted to the imaging processing system 5, the three-dimensional confocal imaging module 4 scans the rough machining outline, the scanning result is compared with the actual ideal outline, and the part which is more than the actual ideal outline is the machining allowance of the fine machining, as shown in figure 4;

s4, obtaining machining parameters and a machining path 6 of ultrafast laser precision machining by the machining allowance obtained by the imaging processing system 5, comparing the measured profile with an actual ideal profile by the machining part through the three-dimensional confocal imaging module 4 and the imaging processing system 5 to obtain the machining allowance, and transmitting the machining allowance to the numerical control system to obtain the laser machining parameters and the machining path; before each processing, three-dimensional confocal scanning analysis is carried out to obtain processing parameters and a processing path, and the processing parameters and the processing path are transmitted to a laser to realize on-line processing; as shown in FIG. 5;

and S5, performing online precision machining by using the ultrafast laser precision machining device according to the machining precision requirement.

Referring to fig. 3 and 6, according to the required micro-cavity structure of the mold, a laser 7 is used to generate ultra-short pulse laser to precisely machine the micro-cavity to obtain a micro-precise micro-cavity, and a confocal three-dimensional visual inspection system is used to perform ultra-fast laser on-line precise machining. The laser 7 outputs a laser beam, the optical shutter 8 controls the laser irradiation time, the expanded laser beam passes through the attenuator 9 and the 1/4 wave plate 10, the attenuator 9 controls the laser power, the 1/4 wave plate 10 changes the polarization direction of the laser, converts the laser beam linear polarization into circular polarization, improves the roundness of a light spot, then the laser beam is transmitted to the scanning galvanometer 11, is focused by the focusing mirror 12 after passing through the scanning galvanometer 11 to form a focused light spot, and the three-dimensional confocal imaging module 4 collects and images, scanning the rough machining profile 3 of the micro cavity of the mold, transmitting data to an imaging processing system 5 to obtain the machining allowance of fine machining, combining a machining path and parameter setting, the machining allowance is used for judging which surfaces need to be machined more and which can be machined less, so that the ultrafast laser can be used for machining efficiently and precisely obtaining the surfaces of the micro cavities.

Step S1, limiting the degree of freedom of the concave die plate 2 by adopting a mechanical tool clamp, or limiting the degree of freedom of the concave die 2 by adopting a magnetic clamping clamp and utilizing permanent magnetic attraction; no movement occurs on the machine tool. The supporting clamp fixes the concave template on the machine tool, and the positioning reference of the concave template is not changed during processing, so that the concave template does not move.

And step S2, performing rough machining on the micro cavity of the die by using a numerical control milling method, quickly removing the allowance of the micro cavity, obtaining the optimal machining precision of the numerical control milling machine, and leaving a machining allowance of several microns for the ultrafast laser precision machining device to perform precision machining. Because the mechanical milling is contact processing, the milling cutter is difficult to go deep into the special area of the micro cavity, and the processing is not needed, and the ultra-fast laser processing is reserved.

And step S3, a confocal three-dimensional visual detection system consisting of a three-dimensional confocal imaging module 4 for imaging acquisition and an imaging processing system 5 for image analysis is used for acquiring point cloud type data and preprocessing in real time, analyzing the size error of the coarse cavity and obtaining ultrafast laser processing path compensation.

Step S4, acquiring machining allowance and size error through data acquisition, comparing the contour of the machined part measured through three-dimensional confocal measurement with an actual ideal contour, acquiring data of the compared machining allowance and uploading the data to a computer to obtain reasonable laser machining parameters and a machining path; before each processing, three-dimensional confocal scanning is carried out and uploaded to a computer for analysis to obtain processing parameters and a processing path, and the processing parameters and the processing path are transmitted to a laser, so that online processing can be realized, and the optimal processing efficiency and effect are realized.

And step S5, performing on-line precision machining by using ultrafast laser to detect and analyze the micro cavity in real time, so that the laser can not excessively ablate materials, and the micro precision machining can be achieved.

To sum up, the utility model discloses utilize machinery thick to mill before and then to copolymerization burnt three-dimensional visual detection cooperation ultrafast laser carries out online precision finishing mould miniature chamber, and machinery thick mills and can amputate miniature chamber surplus fast, leaves difficult processing district and precision finishing surplus, can judge processing surplus and position accuracy in real time, utilizes the three-dimensional visual detection system of copolymerization burnt to carry out dimensional error analysis and processing route compensation, can cooperate ultrafast laser to carry out online precision finishing, reduces the workman and measures the error that produces. The ultrafast laser processing material removal has the advantages of cold processing, no recasting layer, microcrack and heat affected layer formed on the processing surface while removing the material, and no obvious difference between the processing surface and the matrix. Due to the rapid development of visual detection and ultrafast laser, the application prospect of the laser is very wide.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Claims (3)

1. The equipment of the miniature cavity of the mechanical and laser composite precision machining die is characterized in that: the ultra-fast laser precision machining device comprises a numerical control machine tool for mechanically milling a micro cavity and an ultra-fast laser precision machining device for precisely machining the micro cavity, wherein the numerical control machine tool is provided with a supporting clamp (1) for fixing a concave template (2), the ultra-fast laser precision machining system comprises a laser (7), a three-dimensional confocal imaging module (4) for imaging collection and an imaging processing system (5) for image analysis, an optical gate (8), an attenuator (9) and an 1/4 wave plate (10) are sequentially arranged on an output optical path of the laser (7), the output optical path of the 1/4 wave plate (10) is connected with a scanning galvanometer (11), the output end of the scanning galvanometer (11) is provided with a focusing mirror (12), and the focusing mirror (12) is just opposite to the supporting clamp; the three-dimensional confocal imaging module (4) faces the supporting clamp, the three-dimensional confocal imaging module (4) is in communication connection with the imaging processing system (5), and the imaging processing system (5) is in communication connection with the laser (7).

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and the control unit (13) is respectively connected with the laser (7), the optical gate (8) and the scanning galvanometer (11) in a control way.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the supporting clamp (1) is provided with a magnetic clamping clamp.

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