CN2116883U - Large-size testing instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a large-scale testing instrument which is a multifunctional testing instrument adopting an indirect measuring method of a long chord and a high bow. The utility model is used for testing the outside diameter, the internal diameter, the inner ball diameter, the semidiameter of a circular arc and the roundness for a large-scale workpiece and a plane surface degree, a straight line degree and an arc-shaped outline degree in equipment maintenance. The utility model is composed of an indicating meter, a conduit, a bow-shaped frame, a moving testing head and fixed testing heads. The utility model is characterized in that the conduit is fixed in a middle hole of the bow-shaped frame; the chord length of the bow-shaped frame is vertically divided by a shaft center line. The indicating meter is fixed on the upper end of the conduit; the moving testing head is fixed on the lower end of the conduit; fixed testing heads are installed on both ends of the bow-shaped frame. The utility model overcomes the defects of the existing testing instrument with a large diameter of above 2 meters are heavy, easy to deform, inconvenient to operate, expensive, etc.

Description

Large-size testing instrument

A kind of multi-tester that is used to detect large-size workpiece external diameter, internal diameter, interior sphere diameter, garden arc radius, garden degree and maintenance of equipment midplane degree, linearity, arc outline degree belongs to mechanical detection measurement instrument technical field.

Still there is not the above omnipotent measurer of 2000mm in the prior art.The calliper of the above size of 2000mm and gauge rod are disposable measurer, can only be used for the detection of end position again.And heavy, yielding, need many people compounding practice, measure inconvenience, be subjected to the caused error of measurement environment and condition big, easily go out quality accidents.Profile is big, and area occupied is big, difficult transportation, keeping.The measurement surface wear is fast, the repairing difficulty is big, and calibrating repairing expense height costs an arm and a leg.

The utility model provides the multi-tester of a kind of employing " the chord length bow is high " indirect method of measurement, to overcome the drawback that the above-mentioned major diameter direct method of measurement exists.

It is made up of indicating gauge ［ 1 ］, conduit ［ 3 ］, segmental support ［ 5 ］, movable gauge head ［ 6 ］, spherical fixedly gauge head ［ 7 ］, is characterized in that conduit ［ 3 ］ is fixed on the segmental support center pit, and its axial line is vertically divided the chord length of segmental support equally.Indicating gauge is fixed on the conduit upper end.Movable gauge head is fixed on the conduit lower end, and two axial lines overlap.Push rod, spring are housed in the conduit, the upper and lower amount of movement of movable gauge head is delivered to the indicating gauge gauge head.Spherical fixedly gauge head ［ 8 ］ is installed in the segmental support two ends.

Indicating gauge is clock gauge or micrometer, twisted-coil comparator.The manufacturing accuracy of segmental support requires chord length L ^{+ 0.08} _{+ 0.02}Spherical fixedly gauge head d ^-0.0005 _-0.001, the hole of segmental support and conduit are (H7)/(g6) cooperate.It is 0.01 that the conduit axial line is vertically divided the chord length franchise equally.

Fig. 1, be the detector structural representation.

Fig. 2, for measuring the fundamental diagram of inside diameter D.

Fig. 3, for measuring the fundamental diagram of outer diameter D.

Fig. 4, for measuring internal diameter zero-bit check and correction synoptic diagram.

Fig. 5, for measuring external diameter zero-bit check and correction synoptic diagram.

Fig. 6, garden degree detect synoptic diagram.

Principle of work of the present utility model is: according to the fixing distance between gauge head diameter d central point of known chord length L(two), bend the slip gauge of high H(detector calibration zero-bit), fixedly gauge head diameter d (steel ball) is pressed the funtcional relationship calculated diameter D of they and diameter.

D＝ (L ²)/(4H) ＋H＋d……（1）

Internal diameter

D＝ (L ²)/(4H) ＋H－d……（2）

External diameter

Consider that L, H, d have error, error that can enumeration function D.

δD＝（ (аf)/(аd) ）δL＋（ (аf)/(аd) ）δH＋（ (аf)/(аd) ）δd……（3）

(аf)/(аL) ＝ (2L)/(4H) ……（4）

(аf)/(аH) ＝1－ (L ²)/(4H) ……（5）

(а f)/(а d)=± the 1(internal diameter is+, external diameter is-) ... (6)

Limit measuring error or the maximum uncertainty of D are:

$\mathrm{\δ}1\mathrm{imD}=\±\sqrt{{\left(\frac{\∂f}{\∂l}\right)}^2{\mathrm{\δ}1}^{\∂}\mathrm{imL}+{\left(\frac{\∂f}{\∂H}\right)}^2{\mathrm{\δ}1}^{\∂}\mathrm{imH}+{\left(\frac{\∂f}{\∂d}\right)}^2{\mathrm{\δ}1}^{\∂}\mathrm{imd}}$ ……（7）

Wherein δ limL, δ limH, δ limd are used work card measurer manufacturing limit error because the large-size workpiece allowable tolerance is big, when the measured value that calculates D about drawing allowable tolerance intermediate value, generally can not calculate δ limD.

According to theory of errors, the function system error is can revise or take to be eliminated someway to be reduced to bottom line.Promptly by changing the calibration gauge block of the high H(instrument zero-bit of bow) reduce the measuring error of diameter D, to meet Design Requirement Drawing.

Using method of the present utility model and step are:

1. calculate the high H of bow

Nominal size D according to the known L of the utility model, d and the requirement of measured workpiece drawing gets from figure ［ 2 ］, figure ［ 3 ］:

When surveying internal diameter $H=\frac{(D-d)-\sqrt{{(D-d)}^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="922056781\_DRIMG5.png,922056781\_DRIMG6.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2}}{2}---\left(7\right)$

When surveying external diameter $H=\frac{(D+d)-\sqrt{{(D+d)}^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="922056781\_DRIMG5.png,922056781\_DRIMG6.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2}}{2}---\left(8\right)$

2. calculated diameter D

Calculate D according to formula ［ 1 ］ or ［ 2 ］

3. calculate the error of D

Calculate according to formula ［ 3 ］, ［ 4 ］, ［ 5 ］, ［ 6 ］, ［ 7 ］

4. calculate the indirect measured value of D

Do＝（D＋δD）±δlimD……（9）

5. check and compare the tolerance whether Do meets the drawing requirement.When not meeting the drawing requirement, just adjust bow height and error thereof.

6. recomputate δ D according to adjusted bow high level error

7. recomputate the indirect measurement of D, meet the drawing requirement up to tolerance.

8. calibrate the zero-bit of detector with the gauge block of adjusted H value.

9. carry out actual measurement with this detector.Workpiece is just qualified when indicator gage finger nulling position.When pointer just should calculate δ D according to formula ［ 3 ］ during not in zero-bit, formula ［ 9 ］ calculates D.

The utility model has the series of products of following different size:

1, chord length L=100, fixing gauge head d=5 is used for that worm sector is outer, the detection of garden arc radius, interior sphere diameter, garden degree and maintenance of equipment midplane degree, linearity, arc outline degree provides data immediately.

2, chord length L=200, fixedly gauge head d=10 is used for the detection of 1000～3200mm size.

3, chord length L=400, fixedly gauge head d=10 is used for the detection of 1000～8000mm size.

Outstanding effect of the present utility model is:

1. for the practical application of measuring indirectly with " chord length bow supreme people's court " provides measurer, can change the situation that the above size of current 2000mm does not have omnipotent measurer.

2. can reduce the measurer manufacturing expense of the above size of 2000mm significantly.Cost of the present utility model is only for detecting same large-sized milscale, 1/4 of vernier card.

3. overcome the big heaviness of the large scale measurer bodily form, yielding, cannot say for sure pipe, measure difficulty big, use disadvantages such as inconvenience.Can detect, use for the direct labor is on-the-spot, thereby improve production efficiency, improve crudy.

Applicating example:

Example: 1. φ 3950H ₈ ^{+ 0.41} ₀The measurement of datum hole

If detector L=400mm δ is L=+20um

d＝10mm δd＝－5um

1. it is high to calculate bow

According to formula $\left[7\right]H=\frac{(D-d)-\sqrt{{(D-d)}^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="922056781\_DRIMG5.png,922056781\_DRIMG6.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2}}{2}=\frac{(3950-10)-\sqrt{{(3950-10)}^2-{400}^2}}{2}$

＝10.1786

2. calculated diameter D

According to formula ［ 1 ］ D=(L ²)/(4H)+H+d=(400 ²)/(4 * (10.1786))+10.1786+10

＝3949.9921

3. calculate the error of D

Known δ L=+20um, δ d=-5um is during δ H=-0.6um

Get according to formula ［ 3 ］～［ 7 ］

(аf)/(аL) ＝ 1/(4H) ×2L＝ (2×400)/(4×（10.1786）) ＝19.65

(аf)/(аH) ＝1－ (L ²)/(4H ²) ＝1－ (400 ²)/(4×(10.1786) ²) ＝－386.131

(аf)/(аd) ＝＋1

δD＝（ (аf)/(аL) ）δL＋（ (аf)/(аH) ）δH＋（ (аf)/(аd) ）δd

＝（19.65×20）＋（－386.131）×（－0.6）＋（＋1）（－5）

＝619.679um

4. calculate the indirect measurement of D

According to formula ［ 9 ］,

Do＝3949.9921＋0.619679≈3950 ^＋0.61

5. check relatively Do, than Design Requirement Drawing overproof+0.20, as can be seen, when the size that strengthens H, δ D can reduce when δ H was positive error from ［ 3 ］ step computing.If change H=+0.4um(is H=10.179)

6. recomputate δ D

δD＝（19.65×20）＋（－386.131）（0.4）－5

≈233.55um

7. recomputate the indirect measurement of D

Do＝D＋δD

＝3949.9921＋0.23355

=3950 ^{+ 0.23}(about drawing allowable tolerance intermediate value, can not calculate limD)

Through revising diameter is 3950 ^{+ 0.23}About the allowable tolerance intermediate value, meet the drawing requirement, the gauge block that bends high H=10.179 is detector zero-bit check and correction gauge block.

8. the zero-bit of detector check and correction

On o level flat board, proofread, the swing detector, adjusting indication surface dial scale zero line and turning back when a little coinciding of indicator gage finger is zero adjustment.(identical with dial bore gage check and correction zero-bit method) (Fig. 4)

9. carry out actual measurement

See Fig. 5, when the movable gauge head of indicating gauge contacted with workpiece, indicator gage finger overlapped with zero line, and its measurement result D is 3950 ^{+ 0.23}

When being in scale division value of the inclined to one side zero-bit of propradation pointer (clock gauge 0.001), calculates the movable gauge head of indicating gauge:

δD＝（19.65×20）＋（－398.131）（0.4＋1）＋5

＝－142.5834um

Measurement result Do=3949.9921-0.1425834

＝3950 ^－0.13

Promptly the high 1um diameter that increases of bow reduces 0.37um.

When being in a decline state scale division value of inclined to one side zero-bit (0.001), calculates gauge head:

δD＝（19，65×20）＋（－386.131）（0.4－1）＋5

＝629.679um

Measurement result Do=3949.9921+0.629679

＝3950 ^＋0.62

Promptly bend height and reduce 1um, diameter increases 0.38um

Example 2, φ 3950h ₈- ⁰ _0.41The measurement of reference axis

If detector is L=400 ^{+ 0.02}D=φ 10 ^-0.005

1, calculates the high H of bow

Get according to formula ［ 8 ］:

$H=\frac{(3950+10)-\sqrt{{(3950+10)}^2-{400}^2}}{2}$

＝10.12695

2, calculate D

According to formula ［ 2 ］ D=(L2)/(4H)+H-d=(400 ²)/(4 * (10.12695))+10.12695-10

＝3949.9834

3, calculate the error of D

(аf)/(аL) ＝ (f)/(4H) ＝ 800/(4×（10.12695）) ＝19.75

(аf)/(аH) ＝1－ (L ²)/(4H ²) ＝1－ (400 ²)/(4×（10.12695）) ＝－389.04944

(аf)/(аd) ＝－1

If known δ L=+20um, δ d=-5um, δ H=+0.05um(is H=10.127)

δD＝（19.75×20）＋（－389.04944）×（＋0.05）＋（－1）（－5）

＝395－19.4525＋5＝380.5475um

4, calculate Result of Indirect Measurement

Do＝3949.9834＋0.3805475

≈3950 ^＋0.364

5, work as L=400 ^{+ 0.02}H=10.12695 ^{+ 0.00005}D=10 ^-0.005The time diameter D overproof 0.36.Revise, using H=+1.55um instead is the H=10.1285 gauge block.

6, recomputate D=(19.75 * 20)+(389.04944) (1.55)+(1) (5)

＝－203.02663um

7, recomputate Result of Indirect Measurement

Do＝3949.9834＋（－0.20302663）

≈3050 ^－0.22

About the allowable tolerance intermediate value, meet the drawing requirement, press Fig. 5 zero check with the H=10.1285 gauge block, carry out actual measurement.

Example 3, garden degree detect

The garden degree (Fig. 6) that test example is 2.Detection method is at-X---+X or-Y---measures on the cursor position of+Building Y, when indicator gage finger overlaps then equal diameters with zero line, if zero-bit does not then wait partially,, the indicating gauge gauge head promptly bends high H=10.1285+0.001=10.1286 when being in the inclined to one side zero-bit 0.1um of propradation

δD＝（19.75×20）＋（－389.04944）（1.55＋0.1）＋5

＝－241.9315um

Measurement result Do=3949.9834-0.241935

＝3950 ^－0.28

-0.28-(-0.22)=-0.06mm is little 0.06mm

Table 1, be the detector detection aperture, calculate the measuring error applicating example, for reference.Result of calculation on the table is to have calculated the measuring limit error, makes Do that two values be arranged.

During this measuring instrument of practical application, should have ［ 1 ］ o level flat board; ［ 2 ］ 46 group 4 gauge blocks such as grade.Promptly should have 1.001,1.002 ... 1.009 gauge block; ［ 3 ］ when for the moment can not lapping-in becoming required gauge block size, after the available approximate value gauge block check and correction zero-bit, adjust by indicating gauge again.As the indicating gauge scale division value be 0.0005 the calibration zero-bit after, add lattice in survey place propradation direction, then added one 0.005 for H.Otherwise, then reduced one 0.0005.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of large-size workpiece external diameter that is used for, internal diameter, interior sphere diameter, garden arc radius, garden degree and maintenance of equipment midplane degree, linearity, the multi-tester of arc outline degree, by indicating gauge [1], conduit [3], segmental support [5], movable gauge head [6], spherical fixedly gauge head [7] is formed, it is characterized in that, conduit [3] is fixed on segmental support [5] center pit, its axial line is vertically divided the chord length of segmental support equally, indicating gauge [1] is fixed on conduit [3] upper end, movable gauge head [6] is fixed on conduit [3] lower end, two axial lines overlap, push rod is housed in the conduit, spring, spherical fixedly gauge head [7] is installed in segmental support [5] two ends.

2, multi-tester according to claim 1 is characterized in that the manufacturing accuracy of segmental support requires chord length L ^{+ 0.08} _{+ 0.02}Spherical fixedly gauge head d ^-0.0005 _-0.001, the hole of segmental support cooperates for (H7)/(g6) with conduit ［ 3 ］, and it is 0.01 that the conduit axial line is vertically divided the chord length franchise equally.

3,, it is characterized in that indicating gauge ［ 1 ］ is clock gauge or micrometer, twisted-coil comparator according to claim 1,2 described multi-testers.

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