CN211584072U

CN211584072U - Aseptic single support ware of operation usefulness

Info

Publication number: CN211584072U
Application number: CN201922501796.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄翠红; 莫选菊; 蒙汉明; 朱俊英; 刘道清; 袁静
Original assignee: Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
Current assignee: Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
Priority date: 2019-12-31
Filing date: 2019-12-31
Publication date: 2020-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-31

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, a aseptic list eyelidretractor of operation usefulness is disclosed, it includes the horizontal pole that bottom plate, branch, pole setting and two at least levels set up, the bottom of branch is rotationally connected on the bottom plate, the top of branch with the bottom retractable of pole setting is connected, the pole setting respectively with each the horizontal pole is rotationally connected. The utility model provides a sterile single support ware convenient to use of operation usefulness, medical personnel can adjust the height and the turned angle of sterile single support ware of operation usefulness according to actual conditions.

Description

Aseptic single support ware of operation usefulness

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a sterile single support for operation.

Background

In the interventional operation, a head frame or a support frame is needed to support the sterile sheet for the operation, so that the sterile sheet is prevented from covering the face of a patient and blocking the breathing of the patient. The existing supporting tool can not completely meet the requirements in the operation, the height of the supporting tool and the angle between the supporting tool and the horizontal plane can not be adjusted according to the actual condition, and the supporting tool can not rotate to a proper angle according to the body position of a patient, so that the patient feels a sense of oppression.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at: provides a sterile single support for operation, which is convenient to use, and medical personnel can adjust the height and the rotation angle of the sterile single support for operation according to actual conditions.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides a sterile single support for operation, which comprises a bottom plate, a support rod, a vertical rod and at least two horizontal rods which are horizontally arranged,

the bottom of branch rotationally connects on the bottom plate, the top of branch with the bottom retractable of pole setting is connected, the pole setting respectively with each the horizontal pole rotationally connects.

As a preferred scheme, the bottom end of the supporting rod is rotatably connected with one side of the bottom plate through a rotating positioning piece so as to adjust the size of an included angle between the supporting rod and the bottom plate.

Preferably, the top end of the supporting rod is connected with the bottom end of the vertical rod through a telescopic connecting assembly.

As preferred scheme, flexible coupling assembling includes the connecting block of setting element and vertical setting, setting element fixed connection be in the top of branch, the connecting block with the bottom of pole setting is connected, be equipped with a plurality of installation position along vertical direction on the connecting block, setting element detachably connects arbitrary in the installation position, in order to realize the altitude mixture control of pole setting.

As preferred scheme, flexible coupling assembling is still including locating the connecting piece of pole setting bottom, the connecting piece with the top fixed connection of connecting block, in order to realize the connecting block with the connection of pole setting.

Preferably, the cross bar comprises a first sub cross bar and a second sub cross bar, one end of the first sub cross bar is rotatably connected to the vertical rod, a lantern ring is sleeved on the first sub cross bar and is slidably connected to the first sub cross bar, and the lantern ring is fixedly connected to one end of the second sub cross bar. As the preferred scheme, branch with the pole setting passes through the nut telescopically and connects, the nut is connected the bottom of pole setting, the top outside of branch be equipped with the internal thread screw-thread fit's of nut external screw thread, the top of branch with the nut spiro union is passed through to the bottom of pole setting.

As preferred scheme, branch includes the first body of rod and the second body of rod, the bottom of the first body of rod with the bottom plate is rotationally connected, the top of the first body of rod with the bottom of the second body of rod is rotationally connected, the top of the second body of rod with the bottom of pole setting is connected.

As a preferred scheme, still include the fixed plate that is used for being connected with the operation table, the fixed plate include first plate body and with first plate body parallel arrangement's second plate body, first plate body with bottom plate detachably connects, first plate body is equipped with the kink of downward bending, first plate body pass through the kink with one side fixed connection of second plate body.

As a preferred scheme, clamping grooves are formed in two sides of the first plate body, and the bottom plate is clamped in the clamping grooves to achieve connection of the first plate body and the bottom plate.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an aseptic list eyelidretractor of operation usefulness compares with prior art, and its beneficial effect lies in: the utility model discloses aseptic single support ware of operation usefulness includes the bottom plate, rotationally is connected branch with the bottom plate, with the pole setting of branch scalable connection and the horizontal pole rotationally is connected with the pole setting. When the bed is used, the bottom plate is inserted between the bed board and the mattress, the supporting rod is rotated, the included angle between the supporting rod and the horizontal plane is adjusted, and medical workers can make more operating space for hands as required. The supporting rod and the vertical rod are telescopic, and the height of the vertical rod can be adjusted. The horizontal pole articulates in the pole setting, can 360 degrees positions of adjusting the horizontal pole, makes it relative with aseptic list, is favorable to the horizontal pole to support aseptic list. In order to better support the sterile sheet, the number of the cross rods is more than two, and the included angle between the cross rods can be adjusted by rotating the cross rods. This aseptic single eyelidretractor of operation usefulness, convenient to use, medical personnel can adjust its height and turned angle according to actual conditions, can rotate to suitable angle according to patient's position, avoids patient to produce the sense of oppression, is favorable to patient breathing smoothly in the art.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical sterile single support according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a support rod, a vertical rod and a cross rod according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a perspective view of a bottom plate according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a perspective view of a fixing plate according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a side view of a cross bar according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a perspective view of a surgical sterile single support according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a bottom plate; 2. erecting a rod; 3. a strut; 31. a first rod body; 32. a second rod body; 4. a cross bar; 41. a first sub cross bar; 42. a second sub cross bar; 5. rotating the positioning piece; 6. a telescopic connecting component; 61. a positioning member; 62. connecting blocks; 63. a connecting member; 7. an installation position; 8. a fixing plate; 81. a first plate body; 81a, a first side; 81b, a second side; 81c, a third side; 81d, fourth side; 82. a second plate body; 83. a bending section; 9. a cylindrical hinge; 10. a nut; 11. a card slot; 12. a collar; 13. and (4) protruding.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are used in the description of the present invention, and it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like used in the present invention are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated based on the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but not for indication or suggestion that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

It should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used herein to describe various information, but the information should not be limited to these terms, and these terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, "first" information may also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information may also be referred to as "first" information, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the sterile single support for surgery according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a bottom plate 1, a supporting rod 3, a vertical rod 2 and at least two horizontal rods 4, wherein the bottom end of the supporting rod 3 is rotatably connected to the bottom plate 1, the top end of the supporting rod 3 is telescopically connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod 2, and the vertical rod 2 is rotatably connected to each horizontal rod 4.

Based on above-mentioned technical scheme, 1 level of bottom plate sets up, and during the use, bottom plate 1 is located between operation table bed board and the mattress, utilizes the dead weight of mattress to compress tightly bottom plate 1, the position of the aseptic single eyelidretractor of fixed operation usefulness. The bottom end of the supporting rod 3 is rotatably connected with one side of the bottom plate 1, so that medical personnel can change the size of an included angle between the supporting rod 3 and the horizontal plane, and more operating space is reserved for an operator. Branch 3 is connected with pole setting 2 telescopically, and the distance between 3 that is also branch and the pole setting 2 is adjustable to can change the height of pole setting 2 and horizontal pole 4, make medical personnel can change the height of the aseptic list eyelidretractor of whole operation usefulness according to actual conditions. The top of pole setting 2 is articulated with the one end of each horizontal pole 4, can use the junction of pole setting 2 and horizontal pole 4 to rotate each other along the horizontal direction as the axle between each horizontal pole 4 to adjust the angle that forms between each horizontal pole 4. The cross bar 4 is used for supporting the sterile sheet, preventing the sterile sheet from falling down and covering the face of a patient to cause unsmooth breathing of the patient. When in use, the bottom plate 1 is horizontally placed on an operating table. Medical personnel rotate the supporting rod 3 according to the position and the body position of the patient to adjust the angle between the supporting rod 3 and the bottom plate 1, and the comfort of the patient is improved. The supporting rod 3 and the vertical rod 2 are of telescopic structures, the distance between the supporting rod 3 and the vertical rod 2 is adjusted, the height of the cross rod 4 is changed, and the feeling of the patient is reduced. According to the laying position of the sterile sheet, the cross rods 4 are moved, so that the cross rods 4 are opened and closed, and the cross rods 4 are unfolded to support the sterile sheet, thereby being beneficial to smooth breathing of a patient. Medical personnel can be according to patient's actual position and the posture of lying, through rotating branch 3, adjusting the distance of branch 3 and pole setting 2 to and let horizontal pole 4 make the motion of opening and shutting, make the aseptic single support ware that this operation was used be applicable to the operation under the various condition. In this embodiment, the number of the cross bars 4 is three, and the cross bars 4 are hinged to the vertical bars 2 by hinges.

Wherein, the bottom of branch 3 is rotationally connected with one side of bottom plate 1 through rotating setting element 5 to adjust the contained angle size of branch 3 and bottom plate 1. The rotary positioning piece 5 is respectively fixedly connected with the support rod 3 and the bottom plate 1. The rotary positioning piece 5 has the functions of rotating and fixing the position of the supporting rod 3 to a specified angle besides the function of hinging the supporting rod 3 and the bottom plate 1 together, so that the supporting rod 3 can stay at the specified angle and keep still after rotating to any angle. The rotary positioning piece 5 can be an angle self-locking hinge, a joint hinge or other hinges with rotation and self-locking functions.

The supporting rod 3 is movably connected with the vertical rod 2. Specifically, the top of branch 3 is connected with the bottom of pole setting 2 through flexible coupling assembling 6. One end of the telescopic connecting component 6 is connected with the supporting rod 3, and the other end of the telescopic connecting component is connected with the vertical rod 2. The telescopic connection assembly 6 enables the distance between the strut 3 and the upright 2 to be adjusted. More specifically, flexible coupling assembling 6 includes setting element 61 and the connecting block 62 of vertical setting, and setting element 61 fixed connection is on the top of branch 3, and connecting block 62 is connected with the bottom of pole setting 2, is equipped with a plurality of installation position 7 along vertical direction on the connecting block 62, and setting element 61 detachably connects in arbitrary installation position 7 to realize the altitude mixture control of pole setting 2. Connecting block 62 and pole setting 2 fixed connection are equipped with the installation position 7 that a plurality of supplied setting element 61 detachably to install on pole setting 2, through connecting setting element 61 realize the altitude mixture control of pole setting 2 and each horizontal pole 4 on the installation position 7 of co-altitude not. In other embodiments, the positioning element 61 may also be disposed at the bottom end of the upright rod 2, and the connecting block 62 is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting rod 3, which is not limited to this example. The mounting position 7 is a mounting through hole formed in the connecting block 62, and the positioning member 61 is inserted into any mounting through hole to realize connection with the connecting block 62. In the present embodiment, each mounting through hole constitutes an elongated through hole, and the through holes are arranged along the length direction of the connecting block 62, i.e. the through holes are arranged vertically. The top end of the supporting rod 3 is vertically inserted into the connecting block 62, so that the positioning piece 61 positioned at the top end of the supporting rod 3 penetrates out of the through hole from the through hole and is clamped in any installation through hole. The positioning piece 61 can be inserted into any installation through hole and clamped in the installation through hole, so that the positioning piece 61 can be detachably connected to the connecting block 62. The telescopic connection assembly 6 further comprises a connecting piece 63 arranged at the bottom end of the vertical rod 2, and the connecting piece 63 is fixedly connected with the top end of the connecting block 62 so as to realize the connection of the connecting block 62 and the vertical rod 2. The connecting piece 63 is a screw which is respectively screwed on the upright 2 and the connecting block 62. The connecting piece 63 has the function of connecting the connecting block 62 and the upright 2 so that they are fixedly connected.

Preferably, the cross bar 4 comprises a first sub cross bar 41 and a second sub cross bar 42, one end of the first sub cross bar 41 is rotatably connected to the vertical rod 2, a sleeve ring 12 is sleeved on the first sub cross bar 41, the sleeve ring 12 is slidably connected to the first sub cross bar 41, and the sleeve ring 12 is fixedly connected to one end of the second sub cross bar 42. The cross bar 2 comprises a first sub cross bar 41 and a second sub cross bar 42, and the first sub cross bar 41 and the second sub cross bar 42 are of telescopic structures, so that medical staff can adjust the length of the cross bar for supporting the sterile sheet according to actual conditions. When the length of the cross bar 4 needs to be adjusted, the second sub cross bar 42 is pulled to drive the lantern ring 12 to slide on the first sub cross bar 41. In this embodiment, the second sub cross bar 42 is located above the first sub cross bar 41 and is not in contact with the first sub cross bar 41, and the second sub cross bar 42 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the collar 12. The shape of the first sub crossbar 41 and the shape of the second sub crossbar are both rectangular. The other end of the first sub cross bar 41 is provided with a protrusion 13, the protrusion 13 extends along the width direction of the first sub cross bar 41, and the length of the protrusion 13 is wider than the width of the collar 12. When the collar 12 slides to the other end of the first sub cross bar 41, the protrusion 13 catches the collar 12 to prevent the second sub cross bar 42 from falling off.

In addition, branch 3 includes the first body of rod 31 and the second body of rod 32, and the bottom plate 1 of the first body of rod 31 are rotationally connected, and the top of the first body of rod 31 is rotationally connected with the bottom of the second body of rod 32, and the top of the second body of rod 32 is connected with the bottom of pole setting 2. The bottom end of the first rod 31 is hinged with one side of the bottom plate 1 through a rotating positioning piece 5, and the top of the second rod 32 is connected with a positioning piece 61. The first rod 31 and the second rod 32 are rotatably connected by a cylindrical hinge 9, so that the first rod 31 and the second rod 32 can rotate 360 degrees. The medical staff can rotate the first and

second stick bodies

31 and 32 according to the position of the patient, thereby adjusting the position of the cross bar 4 in the horizontal direction.

In addition, the utility model provides an aseptic single support ware of operation usefulness still includes the fixed plate 8 that is used for being connected with the operation table, and the longitudinal section shape of fixed plate 8 is the J type. The fixing plate 8 includes a first plate 81 and a second plate 82 parallel to the first plate 81, the first plate 81 is detachably connected to the bottom plate 1, a bending portion 83 bent downward is disposed on one side of the first plate 81, and the first plate 81 is fixedly connected to one side of the second plate 82 through the bending portion 83. The first plate 81 and the second plate 82 are both rectangular in shape. The first plate 81 has first and second oppositely disposed

sides

81a and 81b and third and fourth oppositely disposed

sides

81c and 81 d. The bent portion 83 has a circular arc-shaped longitudinal cross section. In the use state, the top side of the bent portion 83 is fixedly connected to the first side 81a of the first plate 81, and the bottom side of the bent portion 83 is fixedly connected to one side of the second plate 82. The first plate 81, the second plate 82, and the bent portion 83 of the fixing plate 8 are integrally formed. When the fixing plate is used, the fixing plate 8 is clamped on one side of the bed plate of the operating bed, at the moment, the first plate body 81 is located above the bed plate of the operating bed, the second plate body 82 is located below the bed plate, and the bending part 83 is abutted to the side face of the bed plate. The bottom plate 1 is located between the first plate 81 and the bed plate and is pressed by the bed plate and the first plate 81. In order to enable the fixing plate 8 to be clamped on bed boards with different thicknesses, an adjusting bolt is screwed on the second plate body 82. The middle part of the second plate body 82 is provided with a screw hole, the screw hole is screwed in the screw hole from bottom to top through an adjusting bolt, and the tail end of the adjusting bolt is abutted against the bottom side of the bed board, so that the fixing plate 8 is clamped on the bed board. Medical personnel can adjust the clamping degree of the fixed plate 8 clamped on the bed board by screwing the adjusting bolt according to the thickness of the bed board. The two sides of the first plate 81 are provided with slots 11, and the bottom plate 1 is clamped in the slots 11 to realize the connection between the first plate 81 and the bottom plate 1. The bottoms of the third side 81c and the fourth side 81d of the first plate body are provided with downward-bent slots 11, and two sides of the bottom plate 1 are slidably connected in the slots 11, so that the bottom plate 1 is clamped in the first plate body 81.

Example two

Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: branch 3 and pole setting 2 of this embodiment pass through nut 10 telescopically and are connected, and nut 10 is connected in the bottom of pole setting 2, and the top outside of branch 3 is equipped with the external screw thread with nut 10's internal thread screw-thread fit, and nut 10 spiro union is passed through with the bottom of pole setting 2 in the top of branch 3.

When the distance between the upright 2 and the strut 3 needs to be adjusted, the upright 2 can be raised or lowered by loosening the screw cap 10. Nut 10 is a conventional, universal component that is simple in construction and easy to machine or purchase on the market. Convenient to use, the operation of adjusting the height of pole setting 2 is very convenient, can adjust the height of pole setting 2 and horizontal pole 4 fast, accurately.

Except for the above differences, other structures of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and corresponding effects and principles are also the same, which are not described herein again.

The utility model discloses a working process does: when in use, medical staff can decide whether to use the fixing plate 8 according to actual conditions. When the fixing plate 8 is not arranged, the bottom plate 1 is directly inserted between the bed plate and the mattress, and the weight of the mattress and the patient is utilized to press the bottom plate 1, so that the position fixation of the sterile single support for the operation is realized. When the fixing plate 8 is used, the fixing plate 8 is clamped at the edge of the bed board, so that the first plate body 81 is positioned on the bed board, the bottom plate 1 is placed between the first plate body 81 and the bed board, the bottom plate 1 is clamped in clamping grooves in two sides of the first plate body 81, and the connecting part of the bottom plate 1 and the support rod 3 is arranged opposite to the bending part 83. The second plate 82 is located under the bed plate, and the bent portion 83 abuts against the edge of the bed plate. According to the thickness of the bed plate, the adjusting bolt is screwed, so that the end part of the adjusting bolt is abutted against the bottom side of the bed plate, and the fixing plate 8 is clamped. According to the position and the body position of a patient, the rotating positioning piece 5 is rotated, and the size of the included angle between the support rod 3 and the bottom plate 1 is adjusted. The second lever 32 is rotated to rotate the cross bar 4 to the direction of the patient. The height of the upright 2 is adjusted by means of a telescopic connection assembly 6 or a screw cap 10. Specifically, when the vertical rod 2 and the supporting rod 3 are connected through the telescopic connection assembly 6, the positioning member 61 is adjusted at the position of the connection block 62, and the positioning member 61 is inserted into the installation positions 7 located at different heights, so that the height adjustment of the vertical rod 2 is realized. When the upright 2 and the support rod 3 are connected through the nut 10, the nut 10 is directly rotated to realize height adjustment. The cross rods 4 are rotated, the included angle between the cross rods 4 is adjusted, and the unfolding angle of the cross rods 4 is adjusted. Pulling second sub-crossbar 42 and collar 12 sliding on first sub-crossbar 41 adjusts the length of crossbar 4 to better support the sterile drape.

To sum up, the embodiment of the utility model provides an aseptic list eyelidretractor of operation usefulness, it includes the bottom plate, rotationally the branch of being connected with the bottom plate, with the pole setting of branch scalable connection and with the pole setting rotationally the horizontal pole of being connected. When the bed is used, the bottom plate is inserted between the bed board and the mattress, the supporting rod is rotated, the included angle between the supporting rod and the horizontal plane is adjusted, and medical workers can make more operating space for hands as required. The supporting rod and the vertical rod are telescopic, and the height of the vertical rod can be adjusted. The horizontal pole articulates in the pole setting, can 360 degrees positions of adjusting the horizontal pole, makes it relative with aseptic list, is favorable to the horizontal pole to support aseptic list. In order to better support the sterile sheet, the number of the cross rods is more than two, and the included angle between the cross rods can be adjusted by rotating the cross rods. This aseptic single eyelidretractor of operation usefulness, convenient to use, medical personnel can adjust its height and turned angle according to actual conditions, can rotate to suitable angle according to patient's position, avoids patient to produce the sense of oppression, is favorable to patient breathing smoothly in the art.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and replacements can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and replacements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aseptic single support for operation, which is characterized by comprising a bottom plate, a supporting rod, a vertical rod and at least two horizontal rods which are horizontally arranged,

2. The surgical sterile single support according to claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the support rod is rotatably connected to one side of the base plate by a rotating positioning member to adjust the angle between the support rod and the base plate.

3. A surgical sterile mono-strut according to claim 1, wherein the top ends of said struts are connected to the bottom ends of said uprights by telescopic connection assemblies.

4. The surgical sterile single support according to claim 3, wherein the telescopic connecting assembly comprises a positioning member and a vertically arranged connecting block, the positioning member is fixedly connected to the top end of the supporting rod, the connecting block is connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod, a plurality of mounting positions are vertically arranged on the connecting block, and the positioning member is detachably connected to any one of the mounting positions to adjust the height of the vertical rod.

5. The surgical sterile single support according to claim 4, wherein the telescopic connecting assembly further comprises a connecting member disposed at the bottom end of the vertical rod, and the connecting member is fixedly connected with the top end of the connecting block to connect the connecting block with the vertical rod.

6. The surgical sterile single support according to claim 1, wherein the cross bar comprises a first sub cross bar and a second sub cross bar, one end of the first sub cross bar is rotatably connected to the vertical rod, a sleeve ring is sleeved on the first sub cross bar and is slidably connected to the first sub cross bar, and the sleeve ring is fixedly connected to one end of the second sub cross bar.

7. The single sterile support for surgical use according to claim 1, wherein said rod is telescopically connected to said rod by a nut, said nut is attached to the bottom end of said rod, an external thread is provided on the outside of the top end of said rod for threaded engagement with the internal thread of said nut, and the top end of said rod is threadedly engaged with the bottom end of said rod by said nut.

8. The surgical sterile monostent of claim 1, wherein said struts comprise a first rod and a second rod, said first rod being pivotally connected at a bottom end thereof to said base plate, said first rod being pivotally connected at a top end thereof to a bottom end thereof to said second rod, said second rod being pivotally connected at a top end thereof to a bottom end of said vertical rod.

9. The single sterile support for surgical use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a fixing plate for connecting with an operating table, wherein the fixing plate comprises a first plate and a second plate parallel to the first plate, the first plate is detachably connected with the bottom plate, the first plate is provided with a bending portion bending downwards, and the first plate is fixedly connected with one side of the second plate through the bending portion.

10. The surgical sterile single support according to claim 9, wherein the first plate body is provided with a slot at both sides thereof, and the bottom plate is engaged with the slot to connect the first plate body and the bottom plate.